CLASS-04 | NOMENCLATURE | TGPSC ASSISTANT SCIENTIST ( ANALYST GRADE 2 ) | TG PCB | BIOGENESIS, HYD

Added: 2026-05-12

[00:00:00]Right.

[00:00:02]So good evening one and all.

[00:00:03][clears throat] Welcome to Dr. Rajes Biogenesis Chemistry Academy. So in your previous class in nomenclature that is your third video. We learn about how to give nomomenclature for individual function groups starting from alken alkine alkine [clears throat] then alkadine cyloalkkine then after that we learn about how to give nomature for halogen compounds as well as alcohols.

[00:00:28]Okay. So next most functional group after knowing alcohols next is ether. Now this is your eth functional group. Total 20 functional groups we are going to discuss so that it can be also helpful for chapters as well as stereochemistry.

[00:00:44]Okay. So now this one is ether.

[00:00:48]Ethers how to give common name and IPAC name of ether. So ether generally represented as ro.

[00:00:56]It is a common way of representing an ether. Okay. So this is a skeleton name.

[00:01:03]Okay. Common name. And here I'm writing IPAC name. So when two methile groups are present, you try to take it as dimethyl ether. So end with ether. Name is end with ether. Now suppose if I take ethile group here. This is ethile and your right side methile. I'm taking ethile methile ether.

[00:01:22]So starts with ethile.

[00:01:25]then methile ether.

[00:01:28]So dial alkal ether common name is dial alkal ether. Dimethyl ether ethile methyl ether. Suppose if two ethyl groups are present like this. This is two ethile. So I can say diyl ether diile ether two eile groups are present around oxygen. Okay. Suppose if left side three carbons right side one carbon is present. So I can say n propile nropile methyl ether. This is n propropile methile ether. So left side a longest carbon chain is present that is three carbon. Three carbon longest chain is present. Right side methyl is here.

[00:02:05]So n propropile methile ether. Okay.

[00:02:08]Then see here IPA name is we need to end with mythoxy. Mythoxy. Then select the longest carbon chain. Only one carbon is present. So red one is methane mythoxy methane mythoxy methane aloxxy should be small group so this is aloxxy that should be a small hydrocarbon part so here mythoxy ethoxy both are present in this small organic part is methile so I can say mythoxy so here we need to select the longest chain over here one two so I can write it as mythoxy ethane this is mythoxy ethane always this aloxxy part should be the smallest hydrocarbon part. It should not be longest. So longest will be hydrocarbon part that is parent chain. This is parent chain.

[00:02:55]Okay. Suppose see here two ethyl groups are present. You can say ethoxy ethane.

[00:02:59]So two ethals are remain same. So one should be taken as a substitution that is ethoxy then it is ethane. Ethoxy ethane. And here if I take this is a parent chain. Now this is small alkal attaches to oxygen. It is a large alkal attaches to oxygen. Small alkal attaches oxen is taken as aloxxy. So IPAC name is always ends with a aloxxy alkan. Here remember it is going to end with aloxxy alkan.

[00:03:28]Here aloxxy is always smallest hydrocarbon part. It is the longest hydrocarbon part. So in this selected longest carbon chain and this aloxxy attaches to this carbon. So this is 1 2 3 first carbon carry mythoxy. So I can say one mythoxy one mythoxy propane one mythoxy propane first carbon carry this myth mythoxy that's why one mythoxy propane okay next see suppose if isopropile group attaches over here now this is isopropile and this is methile okay so here I can write methile isopropile ether methile isopropile ether.

[00:04:21]Okay. Suppose if two isopropyl groups are present here. Now this is isopropyl.

[00:04:25]It is also isopropile. So I can say di isopropile.

[00:04:29]Di isopropile ether.

[00:04:34]Di isopropyl ether. Okay. So like that we can give a multiple combinations over here. Now see it is the longest carbon chain I'm taking. Now here I'm writing mythoxy. So now this is called secondary 1 2 3 4 secondary but okay. So this is secondary but below part is methile. See this is secondary but this is methile and finally end with ether.

[00:05:02]Finally end with ether. Now select the longest carbon chain in this one. See if I take this one as aloxxy this is 1 2 3.

[00:05:10]Second carbon aloxxy group is attaches and that two it is a methile group. So I can say two mythoxy two mythoxy propane. It is two mythoxy propane. Now see in this one one will be a hydrocarbon attaches to oxygen that is called aloxxy and this is parent chain 1 2 3. So second carbon carry aloxxy I can say two isopropoxy isopropoxy propane isopropoxy propane okay and here see in this on second carbon this substitution is attaches aloxxy so I can say two mythoxy two mythoxybutane here this two indicates that it is a position of a aloxxy group In this parent chain suppose the five carbons are present 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 and here if I write mythoxy so here also same 1 2 3 4 5 so I can say secondary pentile secondary pentile methile ether secondary pentilethyl ether use anyone okay and if I start numbering from here 1 2 3 4 5 so I can say two mythoxy Total number of carbons are five. So I can written as pentain.

[00:06:38]Okay. So especially in IPAG name every time we are using a aloxxy alkan. Aloxy generally this is the smallest part. It is the largest part. This is a parent chain and this is nothing but a substitution. Aloxy alkan is a common ip names for ether. Okay just go through it one more time. I will explain.

[00:06:59]So aromatic compounds I will explain later time any soul phenol will be there that I will explain time but right now you focus on only alifhatic dimethile ether ethile methyl ether dile ether propile methile ether like that. So IPAC name start with aloxxy. So aloxxy always it is the smallest part. It is the largest part. Aloxy smallest. This is largest. So mythoxythane mythoxy ethane ethoxythane prop mythoxy propane. So it is attaches to first carbon. Suppose if it is attaches to second carbon that is next molecule that is this molecule. See that molecule you can also write like this. But this position is changes from 1 to two. Now this is isopropoxy attaches to second carbon and here it is attaches to second and here also same. Okay that is about ether. So multiple aloxxy groups are present that I will explain after completion of multiple functional groups. Okay so here that is about ethers.

[00:08:00]Next next functional group alihide aliates and ketones. First I would like to explain aliates.

[00:08:12]Okay. [clears throat] So aldiates generally represented like this C double bond O H. Then one more I'm writing CH3 C double bond O H. So definitely C double bond having hydrogen that is becomes a alihide. Now if I increase carbon chain length here CH2 C double bond H I'm writing. Okay. If I put double bond between these two I can write C double bond O CH double bond CH2. Okay. So first I written all groups and this is nothing but a form alihide.

[00:08:46]This is form alihide.

[00:08:49]Okay. So only one carbon formaldihide.

[00:08:52]Now see two carbons are present. This is called acetalihide.

[00:08:57]This is acetaliate and this is propionalihide.

[00:09:04]This is propionalihide. And see here acryate. This is called acryoli.

[00:09:11]These names are important for H&MR. Acroliade acrylic acid. Suppose if it is acid acrylic acid. Now it is acryate.

[00:09:19]Now if I give IPAC names, this is IPAC name and this is common name. And if I want to give IPAC name only one carbon is present. So I can say directly methanol.

[00:09:32]This is Al. Suppose if it is methanol, oil, nothing but alcohol. Now it is Al it is ali. Now two carbons are present.

[00:09:39]If two carbons are present this is ethanol. If three carbons are present propanal every time end with a propenel 1 2 3. Now see 1 2 3 double bond present on second carbon. So I can say two. This is propenel. This is two propanel means I can start numbering from here 1 2 3.

[00:10:02]So I can say directly second carbon having double bond that's why it is two propanel right. So what is a common fragment you observed in case of aliate there is a presence of c double bond presence of c double bond is nothing but aliatic fragment.

[00:10:19]So formaldihide it is starting from most of the organic function groups especially ali group starting part form alihide c double bond with h two h i are surrounded around this carbon and remaining all cases of aldiates only one hydrogen one hydrogen one hydrogen one hydrogen so other side carbon connected to other carbon next so now I'm taking four carbons 1 2 3 4 carbons and here one hydrogen is present. So this is called buter alihide four carbons but alihide.

[00:10:59]Suppose if I put double bond over here CH3 CH CH C bond H. So this is called croenaldihide.

[00:11:11]This is croenaldihide. Suppose if beta carbon if beta carbon having any hydroxy group see this is alpha carbonial first carbon is alpha next carbon is beta and this is gamma here also alpha beta gamma carbonal carbon first carbon is alpha beta gamma this you remember alpha carbon is more acidic in nature this carbon can lose proton very easily now let me tell about this one if I write hydroxy group over here so I can say beta hydroxy alihide this is called beta hydroxy aliate and one more famous name is there it is also called ald doll it is a mixture of aliad and ketone sorry aliad and alcohol aliad and alcohol that's why it is called ald doll all so which among the following is ald doll means beta hydroxy ali is called ald doll all that you remember okay now see here a double bond is present over here if I put one phenyl group over here so substituting phenile I can say like this so here I can write it phenile echihide.

[00:12:16]This is phenile acryide also called cinnamaldihide.

[00:12:23]So yesterday class in double bond I explained this one cinomaldihide.

[00:12:27]Cynamic acid. If I write here that is camic acid. These names are very very important. Remember if I write any common name in any organic functional group remember that is most important for your examination. So definitely they may ask in anywhere they may be in UV or maybe in IR spectroscopy or else even H&MR or in stereochemistry also the names they will ask how many number of kers present in lactic acid tataric acid. So the names also given see in your stereochemistry syllabus they mention about stereogenic centers kol centers how many stereosomers are possible anonsomers diastimer and they also mention some selective organic molecules such as malic acid tartaric acid like the dimension means indirectly I was focusing common names okay then how to give IP name I'm starting from here total four carbons are present so when four carbons are present this becomes a butanel Butinyl four carbons butinel right parallelly.

[00:13:27]Now if [clears throat] I start from here 1 2 3 4 four carbons are present second carbon carry double bond so I can say two here that is butane now a otherwise but en okay to butininal don't say but don't write a here it is because this second carbon carry double bond that's why I can write it as but in vanel otherwise You can write directly but null. So these two indicates that it is position of double one not for all eight. Always all eight carry one they it cannot be represented with one other than one.

[00:14:08]Okay. So don't represent with one. Don't represent other than one. Simply remember this a indicator it is always a starting point and if any number comes that may be a substitution or else it may be a position of double one.

[00:14:22]Right? See here if I give numbering 1 2 3 4 third carbon carry hydroxy here 1 2 3 third carbon carry phenile second carbon carry double bond. So I can say so three hydroxy total number of carbons are four that is butinyl two hydroxyb butinyl.

[00:14:44]Now three phenile.

[00:14:46]Third carbon carry phenile. Three phenile. 1 2 3. Three phenile. Then followed by here it is two propel.

[00:14:59]Three phenile. First carbon second carbon. Third carbon. Third carbon carry phenile. Three phenile that is propenel.

[00:15:11][clears throat] So acryate, acrylic acid, crooniate, cinamic acid these names are very very important. So aliates if you know clearly you can write caroxilic acids very easily.

[00:15:22]Now that is for four carbons. Suppose five carbons are present 3 4 5. This is five carbon. 1 2 3 4 5. So when five carbons are present use alihide. This is called alihide. Now see this is IS iso 3 4 5.

[00:15:42]This is called isoeraldihide.

[00:15:48]Isoi head is alihide. It is isoeraldiate. Suppose here four carbons are present. Four five. This is called neoeraldiate.

[00:16:12]Neoeraldi remember when five carbons are present for alcohol and halogens hogens alcohols carry five carbons there we need to use amile only for halogens and alcohols but when five carbons are present for any ali ketone acid esester then we use the word this you need to remember aliate okay suppose if six carbons are present 2 4 6 with respect to this carbon it 6 1 2 3 4 5 6. So this is called caperalihide.

[00:16:45]This is kept.

[00:16:47]Okay. Suppose if I write iso 3 4 5 6 here hydrogen is present. This is called isocaprolihide.

[00:16:58]Isocaprolihide. And if it is four four five and this is six. Six carbons are present. Okay. Now this becomes a neocaperroliate for five carbons capiate for six carbons. Suppose if it is a amide capro lactum capramide like that. Okay. Valeric acid caproic acid like that. These names will be useful even for acids as well as acid derivatives.

[00:17:26]Okay. Now can you give IPAC numbering?

[00:17:29]Numbering is most important here. Your functional group is alate 1 2 3 4. Here substitution don't give lowest number. Start from here because it is a carbon functional group.

[00:17:40]Now start from here 1 2 3. Here 1 2 3 4 5 6. Here 1 2 3 4 and this is five. Here 1 2 3 and this is four. Select the longest carbon chain like this. Okay. So here total number of carbons are five carbons are present. So I can say it is pentanel.

[00:18:02]Now three methile third carbon carry methile. So I can say three methile butinol. Four carbons are present.

[00:18:10]Three methile butinol. Now second carbon carry two methile. So 2a 2 dimethyl 2a 2 dimethyl. Three carbons are present. So I can say propanel propanel. And here six carbons are present. How to write? This is called hexanel.

[00:18:29]Hexanel. Six carbon. Hexanel. Here four methile pentanyl. 3a 3 dimethyl butinyl.

[00:18:37]Okay. So here this is four methile pentanel.

[00:18:45]4 methile pentanel. 3a 3 dimethile butinel.

[00:18:54]Okay. 1 2 3 third carbon carry two metals 3A 3 dimethyl butinel.

[00:19:01]So that is IPAC names of alates.

[00:19:33]>> [clears throat] >> So if you know aliates clearly it is very easy to learn caroxilic acid. So you need to focus on car caroxilic acid very very importantly because so indirect effect meic effect as well as hyper conjugation. So some properties has been related to caroxilic acids right. [clears throat] So first we learn about ethers.

[00:19:59]So this is your first slide where you will see how to write a simple ether.

[00:20:04]I'm not explaining any aromatic compounds. Aromatic compounds I will explain at a time. Okay. Then go through possible ethers with the different different alkal organic parts around the oxygen. Then next functional group is alihat. So ali generally represented by c double bond. If two iodones are present it is different that is form alihide.

[00:20:24]Okay. Now here two carbons are present aihide three propionihide.

[00:20:28]Propionaldihide. This is propanol. It is propio. Now this is echoliate.

[00:20:35]Then but alihide. Butyric acid. Butter.

[00:20:39]Butyric acid butter. Now croeniate. If I write phenile cinnamon. If I write hydroxide third carbon that is called ald doll. Beta hydroxy aliate is called ald. This name you remember. Which among the following is ald dolls on that time remember third position carry hydroxy is called ald doll. So first position if any hydroxy group is present here on this carbon if any hydroxy group is present that is called.

[00:21:07]So that is name reaction that is not there in your syllabus but I will give you in the form of competitive questions what is aeloine but right now you need to follow one sequential here five carbons capiate for six carbons. So that is about all right next so 10th one ketone.

[00:21:30]So simple functional rule two organic parts carry alkal this is called ketone.

[00:21:36]Okay. So if I take CH3 C double bond with CH3 two methals are present. So I can write directly as acetone. It is also called acetone also represented as dimethyl ketone.

[00:21:56]So, right side.

[00:22:02]Okay. So, here I can write it as ethile ketone ketone to is a common word here. Now it is ethylmethyl ketone. Suppose if two ethiles are present CH2 CS3 I can write like this. So this is called diile ketone.

[00:22:28]Diile ketone. Left side right side two ketones are present. Dital ketone. Okay.

[00:22:34]So here I can write methyl here. So isopropile methile ketone.

[00:22:42]Isopropile and right side is methile and left side is ketone. Isopropyl methyl ketone.

[00:22:50]Suppose if two isopropile groups you can write like this di isopropyl ketone disopile ketone that is the name.

[00:23:02]Okay. So then how to write name now select the longest carbon chain second position C only we can't write other than this place definitely we can write it as proper don't write two propon there is no special importance of that number next second carbon having ketone so two butinone And here in this case 1 2 3 3 here 1 2 3 four carbons are present 1 2 3 4 5 so three penton three penton third carbon having carbonal group that's why three penton and if you start numbering here 1 2 3 4 and here 1 2 3 4 and this is five substitution carry lowest number and before that always functional group carry lowest number. Suppose if functional group is not present we need to start from this side. Right? Now ketone should carry lowest number. So I can say three methile three methile second carbon carry ketone. So I can say two four carbons are present two butinone two butinone. Okay. And here also same second carbon having methyl fifth carbon also having methile. So I can say 2a 5 dimethile 2a 5 dimethyl third carbon having ketone. So that is three pentanon. Five carbons are present that is penton. Okay that is ketones.

[00:24:48]So all aromatic molecules I will write it one place but right now you focus only on individual function without aromatic ring.

[00:24:55]Okay. So that is ketone.

[00:24:58]Acetone is the most important molecule.

[00:25:01]Later on ethile methile ketone, dile ketone. So isopropile methile ketone. Then followed by das isopropile ketone.

[00:25:15]Next.

[00:25:17]Next. Caroxilic acids.

[00:25:24]Caroxilic acids. acids we are learning generally it is represented by C double bond O otherwise CO2 H like that CO2 H etc. Okay. The first most important is CB in place of hydrogen coming from acid red strings of red starting that is formic acid. So if two carbons I taken almost all aliate ali two carbons here I'm taking three carbons CH2 CO then if I put double bond between these two carbon carbon double bond and this is C double bond O okay suppose if I take four car three carbons are over next I'm taking four carbons 1 2 3 four four carbons what is the answer now This is called acetic acid.

[00:26:32]Acetate now becomes acetic acid. Now this is propionic acid.

[00:26:38]Propionic acid and this is butyric acid.

[00:26:42]Butyric acid and see this is 1 2 3 4.

[00:26:46]Sorry.

[00:26:48]See here. See between these two carbons I introduce double bond. So I can say acrylic acid. This is called acrylic acid. And see this is called butyric acid.

[00:27:00]Butyric acid acids are very very important one. Butyric acid. Can you give IPAC name? IPAC name of this skeleton sir.

[00:27:13]Okay. So one carbon is present. This is called methaninoic acid.

[00:27:26]This is called chain start from here.

[00:27:42]So 1 2 3 1 2 3 here 1 2 3 4. So here this becomes a ethaninoic acid.

[00:27:55]Ethaninoic acid. Now here total number of carbons are three. Proponinoic acid.

[00:28:02]Proponinoic acid. And see here propin oic acid.

[00:28:08]Propinoic acid. We can write even two.

[00:28:10]Two rasa without representing number two. This is right.

[00:28:24]Acid will lose their character.

[00:28:28]Propinoic acid. Then four carbons are present. Four carbons. This becomes a butyricininoic acid.

[00:28:37]This is called butoninoic acid.

[00:28:39]1 2 3 four. Four carbonsic acid.

[00:28:51]So take down firstly first you focus on the concept don't be hurry in writing the molecules first you focus how I am saying what is the order I'm following that all things you need to concentrate so that you can recognize very easily see the pattern what I'm following for ali same pattern here I'm following ali pattern follow same pattern Follow two carbons. Three carbons.

[00:29:28]Four carbons.

[00:29:36]Okay. So, four carbons.

[00:29:40]Four carbons 1 2 3 caroxilic acid four carbons. Now this is C double bond O. I given one more 1 2 3 4 last ending saturation. Right now I given double bond. So place what is the possibility? So four carbons are over. Next five carbons 2 4 5. So 3 4 5 now C double bond O that is a pattern first individual function groups then mix function groups are red now. So this is iso. Three carbons are there. Total four carbons. 1 2 3 four. Up to here it is iso. Now four carbons. Iso butyric acid.

[00:30:34]Isobutric acid. Okay. So this is called croeninoic acid.

[00:30:42]Croeninoic acid. This is synonymic acid.

[00:30:47]This is called camic acid. Now this is 1 2 3 4 5. Five carbons are present.

[00:30:54]So say valeric acid. This is called valeric acid. Now this one 1 2 3 4 five.

[00:30:59]Five carbons are present. So isoeric acid.

[00:31:05]And here I can use neoeric acid.

[00:31:10]Iso and neoeric acid. So can I give numbering? 1 2 3. And here 1 2 3 4. Here 1 2 1 2 3 4. And this is five. 1 2 3 4 and here 1 2 3.

[00:31:24]Okay. So can you give name of this molecule? Two methile IPAC name.

[00:31:32]Two methile is it proponoic acid?

[00:31:36]Two methyl proponic acid.

[00:31:39]Second carbon have methile that's why 1 2 two methile proponic acid in this case second carbon having double bond. So I can say two bututininoic acid two butyricininoic acid second carbon having double bond that's why two butyricinoic acid now here see this is called three phenile three phenile propinoic acid so what is the IPAC name of camic acid IPAC name acid name okay that is All three phenile propinoic acid name propinoic acid options only names.

[00:32:38]So I can say acidic acid is also called pentoninoic acid.

[00:32:46]This is called pentronoic acid. Now here three methile 3methyl butyriconinoic acid.

[00:32:56]3methylb butyriconinoic acid. Here total number of carbons are 1 2 3. In parent chain three carbons are there. Second carbon having two methile. So I can say 2a 2 dimethyl. Total number of carbons are three. I can write it as proponinoic acid.

[00:33:17]So two comma dimethyl proponinoic acid that is called valera. Six carbons. Next is six carbons. Five carbons are over.

[00:33:24]Next becomes six.

[00:33:33]So when carbon functional groups are present always caroxilic acid gets lowest numbering and with respect to that caroxilic acid we need to select a parent chain. So always select the lowest number for caroxilic acid. Start from here 1 2 3 4. So always substitution. Don't think substitution get lowest number and don't try to select from this side because it is a carbon functional group. Ali, ketone, estester, acid, allites, amides, nitrals all are belongs to carbon functional groups. Five carbons when alcohols and halogens are present use am. If five carbons are present in case of acids, aliates and ketones, use the word valer synamic acid, croonic acid, valeric acid. These are our most important.

[00:34:22]Okay. Next, I'm taking six carbons 2 4 6 C double bond O.

[00:34:31]Now 3 4 5 6. This is now I'm taking NEO.

[00:34:37]4 5 6 C double bond O total six carbons are over now acid name is caproic acid kromide kroli like that okay caproic acid so now here see isoproic acid here I can use neocaperoic acid now here if I write IPAC name I think you will write this just write down oral I'm giving you just write down this name four five 1 2 3 4 can you write names Yes. So here I'm giving some space. Just write down the name of that acid. Caproic acid. IPAC name. Hexoninoic acid. Iso 4 methile pendronic acid. 3A 3 dimethyl butyriconinoic acid. This is called four methile pendronic acid. 3a 3 dimethile butyriconinoic acid like that.

[00:35:27]Okay. Now see this molecule generally will write like this. Here caroxilic acid. If I write hydrogen acic acid. If I write any NH2 group here. So this is called glycine. Amino acid. Glycine.

[00:35:41]Alpha amino.

[00:35:43]We can also write like this. Alpha amino acic acid. This is also called alpha amino acic acid. Alpha carbon having amino. Alpha amino acic acid. Suppose here one of the hydrogen if replaced by methile here CH and here it is NH2. Here CO. So this is called alanine.

[00:36:04]Alanine. So alanine names one I will explain later but right now see here I can say alpha amino.

[00:36:13]Alpha amino 1 2 3 carbon acid is called propionic acid propionic acid. Three carbon acid propionic acid that you remember alpha amino propionic acid. So amino acids glycine, aline, lucine, isolucin, nucleus, terucin, essential amino acid, non-essential amino acids everything will be covered but amino acid is nothing but a a compounds or organic molecules in which there is a presence of caroxilic acid and amine groups viteran is electronic species proteins peptides everything will be covered over there. So just concentrate on glycine. Glycine is the only one optically inactive amino acid remaining all are active. So because they having one kol center this is a kol center.

[00:37:04]So I think you will write this then see what is IP pack name of this one here two carbons are present one two second carbon having amino. So I can say two amino two amino ethaninoic acid two amino ethaninoic acid 1 two second position carry amine two amino ethaninoic acid here three carbon second position carry amine so I can say two amino two amino proponinoic acid two amino proponinoic acid that is Okay. Now see suppose if CH3 attaches to CH and this is O C.

[00:37:58]This is one acid. PH CH CO and O it is a K center.

[00:38:06]So lactic acid. This is called lactic acid.

[00:38:14]Lactic acid. And here one more name.

[00:38:17]This one mandelic acid. This is called mandelic acid.

[00:38:21]Mandelic acid.

[00:38:24]Mandelic acid.

[00:38:27]Okay. Lactic acid is a compound having only one K center lactic acid, mandalic acid, tartaric acid, etc. So lactic acid this one and this is called mandelic acid.

[00:38:41]Okay. Suppose see if I write C double bond O H and here see this first you write this one then you will understand clearly if two caroxilic acid groups are present here.

[00:38:54]Now two caroxilic acid groups oxylic acid.

[00:39:00]This is oxylic acid.

[00:39:02]Okay. Two caroxilic acid groups three carox two caroxilic acid group but separated by one CH2 difference 1 C2. So this is called melonic acid.

[00:39:15]Melonic acid malic acid melonic acid. So here this is melonic acid. Now here what is IP name? Second position carry hydroxy. I can write two hydroxy two hydroxy proponinoic acid. Two hydroxy proponic acid. Okay. So here two hydroxy see this is second carbon.

[00:39:45]Second carbon having hydroxy. Second carbon also having phenile. Two hydroxy 2 phenile.

[00:39:53]Two hydroxy 2 phenile. Ethaninoic acid.

[00:39:58]Ethaninoic acid two hydroxy 2 ethaninoic acid. Now see this case it is oxylic acid. So two carbons are present. So we can write in the form of ethane. Ethane 1 comma 2 dioic acid.

[00:40:15]Ethane 1 comma 2 dioic acid. So total two carbons are present. 1 two two carbons ethane. First carbon second.

[00:40:29]Total number of carbons are three. 3.

[00:40:32]First you write as propane 1a 3 dioic acid. Propane 1 3 dioic acid that is melonic acid.

[00:40:47]Malic acid. Melonic acid. Malic acid is different. Melonic acid. Malic acid dehydrate malic acid is different is different.

[00:41:05]Which among the following is more less that will be most helpful.

[00:41:17]Right? Three carbons are over. Now I'm taking four carbons CH2 CH2 CO last example addition this is called saxinic acid.

[00:41:38]Okay next CH2i additional CH2 increase.

[00:41:44]So here three CH2s are there.

[00:41:47]So this is called glutaric acid.

[00:41:51]Glutarid CH2 will be four CH. If I increase one more CH2 you will get dicaroxic acid like this. So this is called adipic acidic acid. So to remember continuously oh my such good apples oxylic acid melonic acid sinic acid glutaric acid adipic acid okay so if I increase one more CH2 total any four five CH2s COA caroxic acid okay so this is called pyic acid pyic acid max.

[00:42:52]Okay.

[00:42:53]So general higher studies slow advanced level of organic chemistry especially for CSR.

[00:43:14]safe. So this is pyic acid please.

[00:43:18]This is please pyic acid. Now any carbons four.

[00:43:25]So butane 1a 4 dioic acid. Butane 1A 4 dioic acid total five pentain 1a 5 dioic acid. Then can I write directly hexane? Hexane 1a 6 dioic acid and this is six carbons are over. Now this is seven carbons 5 + 2 7. So I can say heptine heptine 1a 7 dioic acid dioic acid common heptine 1a 7 dioic acid. So here how many CH2s are present in pyic acid? five CH2s because especially daroxic acidic acid heptine 1 7 dioic acid.

[00:44:29]Now CH2 what is the situation? CH CH2 last.

[00:44:43]Okay. So this is called subic acid.

[00:44:49]Subicid.

[00:44:57]So that okay now CH2 taken seven times caroxilic acid caroxilic acid. Okay.

[00:45:16]Okay. Now this is called ailic acidic acid.

[00:45:24]Okay. This is all now here same 88 CH2s I'm writing taken 8 times and here caroxilic acid and here one more caroxilic acid CO2 H.

[00:45:42]Okay. So then sebassis acid enter sebassis acid.

[00:45:49]Sebasticis acid that is sweetly oh my such good apples please serve all sweetly that is one of the easiest to code okay so I will show that code how to recognize the acids So I started with an oxy acidic dcaroxic it will present on benzinoxic acid.

[00:46:42]Now here two caroxilic acid CH2.

[00:46:50]So oh my such good app please.

[00:47:02]Oh my such good apples please serve.

[00:47:06]Please, please serve all sweetly.

[00:47:25]Okay.

[00:47:34]Sole if you pay more attention without fear by facing the organic molecule with more intensity and more concentration definitely that will be remembered permanently for your examination.

[00:47:58]examinations organic molecule.

[00:48:04]So don't think about organic molecule.

[00:48:14]So any logic is there to link then it will be easy for you.

[00:48:29]Okay. So now in this case I'm going to write one more acid C double bond O and here C and CH2 CH2 C2 oh my senic. So this is alpha hydroxy alpha hydroxy suinic acid.

[00:49:03]Then alpha hydroxy suinic acid name one more name is also there. Okay.

[00:49:09]So malic acid malic acid top.

[00:49:16]Okay. So total carbon octane 6 + 2 octane 1 that is 7.

[00:49:28]This is 6 7 8 this is one and this is eight. So 1a 7 doic acid this is dioic acid octane. Now see this is noninine noninine 1a 9 dioic acid. So this is deen decain 1a 10 dioic acid.

[00:49:57]So 8 9 10 1 7 1 9 1 9 dioic acid. Now malic acid name. So I can write two hydroxy two hydroxy total number of carbons are four butane 1 comma 4 dioic acid butane 1 for dioic acid. See you can start from here 1 2 3 4 second carbon hydroxy 1 2 3 hydroxy will decide the answer. So next key example hydroxy hydrogen hydroxy then you'll get double bond between them exam dehydration of malic acid c.

[00:51:02]Okay. So, malic acid M I M A L E I suppose hydroxy group M only letter E twos opposite C bond O. So this is called fumemeric acid fumeic acid.

[00:51:32]Okay. So this daroxic acid is a trans dicaroxic acid more acidic as compared to this. Why it is more acidic? I will explain in effects. So 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 only trans orientation change. This is sis.

[00:51:52]Okay. So then write down butane sis butane but twoin sis butin 1 comma 4 dioic acid double bond position mention double bond that should be mentioned. So two butin 1in 1 same this should be taken as trans butin butinine trans butine and here same 1a 4 dioic acid So malic acid, fumemericic acids are malic and fumeic acids areomers.

[00:52:50]Now so last example for caroxilic acids.

[00:52:54]So example suppose hydrogen hydrogen senic acid hydroxy malic acid. Now and only one O that is malic acid hydrogen deation double double bond two. Now this is very very important one tartaric acidic.

[00:53:25]So mostly half of CO and H and HOT this is called active O and O hydrogen hydrogen. So different optically active. So I will show you but clearly mention tartaric acid clearly they mentioned then how to write name 1 2 3 four four carbons are present. So I can write 2A 3 dihydroxy second and third carbon dihydroxy then butane 1A 4 diic acid butane 1a 4 dioic acid is the answer 2 the dihydroxy butane 1a 4 dioic acid okay so that is about a biggest functional group caroxilic acid caroxic acid Most important started from esester acid alides and hydrates amides nitril isocyanate nitro like that maximum functional groups and their derivatives belongs to caroxilic acid.

[00:55:16]So I will show a rough examples regarding these assets which are most importantly giving in exams.

[00:55:48]Once you need to write on your paper.

[00:56:01]Okay. So it is going on lengthy.

[00:56:11]First of all is one of the major aspect to attempt any kind of entrance.

[00:56:28]The same way chemical reactions reaction So first family of benzin benzin total family starting from benzene tolene xylene arthylene catacol what not each and every function will be given on benzene okay so don't think I'm not explaining benzene compounds so I can explain separately.

[00:57:07]at last. Last class of nomature.

[00:57:13]Okay.

[00:57:15]Four carbon. Five carbon.

[00:57:19]Caproic acid.

[00:57:24]Lactic acid. Mandelic acid.

[00:57:27]Oh my. Such good apples. Please serve all sweetly.

[00:57:32]Please serve all sweetly. So, sometimes it may be rank deciding rank deciding because friends.

[00:57:59]So Ma is two that is about acids.

[00:58:41]Next next functional group esters can be represented like this.

[00:58:49]This is CB bond.

[00:58:53]So here I can write first this one ethereal oxen is carbon carbon ethereal. So first we should write single bond ox single bond attached oxen group comes from acid. So formate for me for okay if I write C double bond CS3 first double bond ox single bond oxen oxen okay first single bond oxate comes from acidic acid A.

[00:59:47]Okay. So suppose you got two carbons C double bond O CH3. So I can say methile propunit methile prop unit. So if I write four carbons with acid esester CH2 C double bond O CH3 first single bond oxygen. So I can write it as methile but common name but methile butrate methile butrate. Okay.

[01:00:26]First methile same as methile methile methaninoic acid methonic acid one.

[01:00:48]So methile same methile ethaninoate methile ethano 1 2 1 1 2 3 end with secondary suffix of yesterday is Now so I can write methile proponoidate methyl proponoidate. Next here I can write methile. So total number of carbons are four. So I can write but no but methile butonoid.

[01:01:43]So five carbons capoate like that. Okay, you can use any name.

[01:01:55]So three four five five carbons.

[01:02:02]So how name now this is methile methile.

[01:02:08]Now 1 2 3 4 5 carbons cover isoerate methile isoerate name 1 2 3 4 so I can write it as first without number Three, two, three, three.

[01:02:40]Okay.

[01:02:42]Three 1 2 3 4. So four carbons are present. So I can write but O8 end with O8. O N.

[01:02:59]Okay. Suppose two carbons two carbon. So this is called ethile 23.

[01:03:12]This is ethile propionate.

[01:03:17]Ethile propionate ethile propionate benile propionate like that. Okay. So now here I can write one more IPAC name ethile 1 2 3 carbons are present. So proponinoate ethile proponinoate propono you can say ethile proponoid suppose you can make c double bond bond then oxic so hydrogen this is oxylic acid derative so I can say dimethyl dimethyl Oxalate.

[01:04:06]Dylan.

[01:04:12]Okay. Oxalate. Oxylic acid. Oxalate. O X A L A T oxalate. Now here you can write as dimethyl ethane 1 comma 2 diane 1 2 di. So first suppose one more example I will show with the saxinic acid C bond O C3 and here also C double bond O C3.

[01:04:52]So this is dimethile comes from saxinic acid senate senic acid sinate. Now this one same I can use dimethile. Total number of carbons are four. Four carb butane 1a 4 di butane 1a 4 di butane 1a 4 di.

[01:05:21]Now see this is one most important molecule.

[01:05:28]So alpha beta gamma.

[01:05:40]So molecule name ethile acettoacetate.

[01:05:48]So EA EA molecules are important ethile acetate.

[01:05:56]Okay.

[01:05:58]Acettoastic estester.

[01:06:01]Acettoastic estester. E A or E Atoastic estester or ethile acid.

[01:06:11]Okay. And one more we can also say ethile beta ketoester.

[01:06:21]Ethile beta ketoester.

[01:06:24]So one of the best method to prepare only in clay and condensation and condensation effective.

[01:06:32]Okay.

[01:06:43]A A E It is prepared in condensation.

[01:06:47]Caramel compounds there. I will explain.

[01:06:50]It is prepared from condensation. IP name. I can start from here. 1 2 3 4.

[01:06:54]Four carbons. First carbon aloxy. So oxen I can write ethile first ethile. So third carbon having oxo three oxo.

[01:07:07]Ethile third carbon having keto.

[01:07:09]Otherwise oxo three o. Total number of carbons are four. So that is but no ethile 3 ox butinoate that is this name.

[01:07:21]So that is end of esters.

[01:08:20]concept.

[01:08:26]So chapters make easy chapters last year 2017 easiest molecule that I will send you just go through it you can work out that very easily simple simple so four options four names so if you want go through Esters remember single bond oxygen single bond oxygen is nothing but eenthe ial oxen atom. So e oxinate carbonial oxygen carbonial oxen and this is called ethereal oxen and this is carbonial present on oxygen.

[01:09:43]alkal present on ethereal oxin later on hydrocarbon part.

[01:09:50]Okay. So that is about esters.

[01:09:56]Next acid helides very small functional groups. So you can represent like this RC double bond X. So RC comes from caroxilic acid chlorine.

[01:10:18]So it belongs to it coming from acid that's why formile chloride formile chloride formic IC this is ic you will get the answer so this is chlorine two carbon next three carbon next four carbon I'm giving This is CH2 CH2 C double bond O CL.

[01:10:51]Okay. So this is called acetic T IC TIC T Y acetyl chloride acetile chloride. Now 1 2 3 propionic acid propio nick nic nic propion chloride. Now 1 2 3 4 five carbons four carbons are there. 1 2 3 4 F four carbons cover. Beauty Rick R IT IC chloride remember name IC for acidic propionic but IC over common name is over suppose five carbons this is CH3 CH2 2 and here one more CH2 then four and this is five like this this is four C double bond O CL five carbons 1 2 3 4 5 Okay so this is called acidic rail chloride so very easy simple very easy so name how to write IP name So one carbon is present. This is comes from methaninoic acid. Okay. So methano methaninoic methanol chloride.

[01:12:35]Methanyl chloride.

[01:12:37]Methaninoic.

[01:12:39]Methanic.

[01:12:44]Okay. Methaninoic acid and rasam.

[01:12:48]M T I methanyl chloride. Then see this is belongs to ethanol chloride and here it is propanyl chloride and this is butonyl chloride.

[01:13:14]Butylile chloride and see 1 2 3 4 5. So this is pentonyl chloride.

[01:13:23]O penta noic acid. No see penta I penta no.

[01:13:33]So that is acids.

[01:13:49]So that is about 13 functional groups.

[01:13:52]So next group so class almost individual function groups then we'll see multiple functional groups examples directly. Okay. So individual function groups multiple function groups applications it will be okay. Okay that is your fourth class. This is your fourth class. So make a short revision any concepts.

[01:14:33]I'm making a short revision.

[01:14:42]See today we started with ethers. So first video name primary prefix secondary prefix root word primary suffix.

[01:14:58]Second videoles. Third video individual function.

[01:15:03]Fourth video. Fourth video clear. I started with esters. Ethers sorry not esters esters but started with ethers.

[01:15:12]Okay. So ethers complete examples on ether immediate.

[01:15:24]So started with one carbon two carbonate then it becomes very easy for acids.

[01:15:32]Acetaliate, formaldiate, propion aliate, butroliate, crooniate, beta hydroxy aliate. See, IPAC names looks very easy right now.

[01:15:42]Common names looks little bit complicated but help common names.

[01:15:48]Okay. Valeric acid, isovaleric acid, neoalic acid, capic acid. So say ketones. So dal ketone.

[01:15:58]Okay. Then at last we started with acids. acids formic acidic. So like oh my such good apples please serve all sweetly we learn about lactic acid mandelic acid. Okay so malic tartaric acid then esters so ethereal carbonial.

[01:16:24]So then every esester end with a see every esther end with IP name common name eight end with common name end with IPC name. So five carbons two acid two and NL.

[01:16:58]Okay. So important molecule used in condensation beta ketoester important name beta ketoester. So both are same important molecule.

[01:17:13]So for common names I rally name that's it. Okay. So that is about some selective individual functional groups up to acid. So remaining functional groups we will discuss in your next class. Okay. So [clears throat] thank you for listening and try to prepare regularly. Don't neglect first video. Don't neglect second video.

[01:17:38]Whenever if you are preparing any regular video means upcoming uploading video. So try to prepare previous videos. Pre previous videos otherwise uh if you maintain a proper notes you just revise the notes and keep preparing running notes. So after preparing running notes if any place is there that you write down after recording the class but try to concentrate what I'm explaining that if you write sometimes you can't concentrate listening okay so we'll stop here we'll start In next class,