Bold White Professor REPRIMANDS Her White Audience About Their Lies On Blacks & They Got Upset

[00:00:00]I'm sure you have an opinion on the topic, and I don't know virtually anyone in this room.

[00:00:05]And yet I am confident to say the following. If you are white and you have not devoted years of sustained study, struggle, and focus on this topic, your opinions are necessarily limited, superficial, and uninformed.

[00:00:21]Wow, how can I say that when I don't even know you? I mean, maybe you've been to Costa Rica.

[00:00:26]>> [laughter] >> Maybe you have multiracial nieces and nephews.

[00:00:34]Maybe you weren't Teach for America.

[00:00:38]After 20 years of doing this work, I feel very clear about the following.

[00:00:44]There is something profoundly anti-black in this culture.

[00:00:53]And in the white mind, black people are the ultimate racial other.

[00:00:58]We have the most energy about black people. We have the most resentment and anxiety about black people. And when I have a very short period of time with white people, and I want you to get in touch with your early messages, I ask you to think about black people.

[00:01:13]And and anti-blackness, there are poles, right? White is here and black is here. And we And I don't have time to get into it, but but there is no white without black. There's a deep need for white, the white collective.

[00:01:27]Uh there is no superiority without inferiority, right? So there are poles.

[00:01:34]Uh and anti-blackness cuts across all groups, including black people.

[00:01:41]The darker you are, the more compounded the oppression. And while I'm here to challenge white people and our complacency, uh there's a very sensitive couple questions I think peoples of color have to ask themselves. One, what does anti-blackness look like in our group?

[00:02:00]And who have I aligned with?

[00:02:03]So, having mentioned history, anti-blackness, it's a system, I want to just give you one glance at the trajectory of anti-blackness um since the beginning of this country to the current time to illustrate those points.

[00:02:19]And this slide will be deliberately dense and we can think about it as state-sanctioned organized crime, quite frankly, against African Americans. And it begins with kidnapping and 300-plus years of enslavement, torture, rape, and brutality, and it carries on.

[00:02:39]About 1/4 of the way in here, bans on testifying against whites, and you are in my lifetime.

[00:02:49]1/4 of the way in that slide, you are in my lifetime where it was technically legal to murder black people in this country.

[00:02:57]I would love to never again hear another white person say I didn't own slaves.

[00:03:02]As if that ended on that day.

[00:03:04]And about halfway in at employment discrimination, you are now in 2019 with copious empirical evidence. And if you don't know some of these things, that's on you to educate yourself. But I'm going to pick it up in 2019 and let me repeat, copious empirical evidence.

[00:03:23]Employment discrimination, educational discrimination, biased laws in policing, white flight, subprime mortgages, mass incarceration, school-to-prison pipeline, disproportionate special education referrals and punishments, testing, tracking, school funding, biased media, voter suppression, cultural mockery, historical omissions, unaddressed trauma, to name a few.

[00:03:48]It's a system.

[00:03:50]It's the system we're in and none of us could be in, none of us were, because I'm from its forces. And this system is not interrupted by friendliness.

[00:04:00]>> [cough and clears throat] >> The system is not interrupted because I smile at black people when I pass them by or go to lunch on occasion.

[00:04:09]And African Americans are not and have never been in the position to do this to the entire white collective, and the white collective has always been and continues to be in the position to do this to African-Americans. There is no such thing as reverse racism.

[00:04:25]Right?

[00:04:26]>> [applause] >> I can say it because nothing in dominant culture gives us the information we would need to have an informed opinion on arguably the most complex nuanced social dilemma for the last several hundred years.

[00:04:39]For example, you can get through graduate school in this country without ever discussing racism, can you not?

[00:04:46]You can get through teacher education in this country without ever discussing racism. And if you're in a progressive teacher education program, you'll have one required course, multicultural of some sort. But that doesn't mean you'll be discussing racism. You might just be talking about how to introduce ethnic authors in February.

[00:05:04]Right?

[00:05:05]You can get through law school. You can be seen as qualified to lead anything virtually. Right? So, the first challenge for those of us who are white is humility.

[00:05:14]>> Hello guys. Welcome once again to the channel. I hope all of you who are watching you're having a great time. Now, one thing that has happened in America is that racism has been one of the major promoted public discourse issues, and therefore it has been very critical that people within the American system come out and fight some of the rhetorics that white American power structures are promoting. And one of the key issues that has been discussed quite widely is the issue around anti-blackness. There are those who have been informed and brought up to believe that black people don't deserve to be American enough and therefore they have some negative reactions or negative tendencies against them. And this is where people like Robin DiAngelo come from.

[00:06:04]Robin DiAngelo has been speaking about anti-blackness in America and why there is need for Americans to kind of get a middle ground within which they can operate from because some of the historical information that are being passed around are very detrimental in terms of revealing the kind of relationship that blacks have with their white counterparts. It is not nice that a nation can exist where there are those who are believed to be more American than others. And this is one of the key issues that Dr. Robin DiAngelo has been fighting for. So, in today's video I want us to focus on a clip that I came across where he's she's speaking about the key issues affecting the relationship between blacks and whites and why black people needs so much respect in America. He realized that the white power structures have not given the black people the respect they deserve. They have not been recognized enough so that they get to occupy a space that is reserved for them.

[00:07:07]They are still left for the public so that whatever the public decides that is what befalls them. But Robin DiAngelo speaks about the anti-blackness that exists in America and why this has to come to an end. I want you to listen to her speaking in the clip that I've attached. I shall come back in the end with my commentaries. But before you dive in, if you're coming across this channel for the first time, please consider subscribing, like the video and share. Thank you. Let's watch.

[00:07:35]>> reinforcing the centrality of whiteness.

[00:07:38]I want I want to name that. And and trust me, I've gone home many a night and tossed and turned over that.

[00:07:44]Where I always land is that it is a both and.

[00:07:48]Right? To not use this position in this way for me is to really be white. And I'd like to be a little less white.

[00:07:56]Right? And a little less white, by the way, does not mean a little more Italian-American.

[00:08:01]Okay? It means a little less oppressive, quite frankly. A little less oblivious and arrogant and ignorant and certain and a little more humble and curious uh and vulnerable. Right?

[00:08:17]The last thing that I want to acknowledge is that nothing in society gives any of us good information about how this works. Uh and so hopefully again uh as an insider I can offer something to people of color. I do think people of color know about white fragility way more than I ever will.

[00:08:33]Um but again, I do have an insider's perspective. So let me say a little bit about some of the challenges of trying to educate white people on racism.

[00:08:42]Uh and a great example is I was recently going to give a similar talk to a large tech company and before they would sign the contract, the legal department wanted to see my slides.

[00:08:52]>> [laughter] >> And when they got to this slide, they actually asked me if I could take the word white off the slide.

[00:09:01]To which I replied, "You really should have vetted me before you called."

[00:09:06]No, I won't. All right. First of all, I've never met a white person who doesn't have an opinion on racism, have you?

[00:09:14]If you are not sure all white people have an opinion on racism, just bring it up the next time you're around a bunch of white people. Maybe tonight when you have a drink in Noe Valley.

[00:09:22]Okay.

[00:09:23]Um I don't think you can grow up in this society or spend any significant time here or any other Western-oriented white settler colonial context and not develop an opinion on racism. That doesn't make it informed. So, I'm going to say perhaps my first controversial thing.

[00:09:41]If you are a white, I'm sure you have an opinion on the topic, and I don't know virtually anyone in this room.

[00:09:47]And yet I am confident to say the following. If you are white and you have not devoted years of sustained study, struggle, and focus on this topic, your opinions are necessarily limited, superficial, and uninformed.

[00:10:04]Wow, how can I say that? I don't even know you. I mean, maybe you've been to Costa Rica.

[00:10:11]>> [laughter] >> Maybe you have multiracial nieces and nephews.

[00:10:17]Maybe you were in Teach for America.

[00:10:21]I can say it because nothing in dominant culture gives us the information we would need to have an informed opinion on arguably the most complex nuanced social dilemma for the last several hundred years.

[00:10:33]For example, you can get through graduate school in this country without ever discussing racism, can you not?

[00:10:40]You can get through teacher education in this country without ever discussing racism. And if you're in a progressive teacher education program, you'll have one required course, multicultural of some sort. But that doesn't mean you'll be discussing racism. You might just be talking about how to introduce ethnic authors in February.

[00:10:59]You can get through law school. You can be seen as qualified to lead anything, virtually. Right? So, the first challenge for those of us who are white is humility. I want you to know that I'm not standing in front of the choir right now.

[00:11:13]Even if you volunteered to come, there is no white choir.

[00:11:18]I am not the choir, and the moment I think I'm the choir, I'm going to be complacent and arrogant, and probably defensive about any suggestion that I might not be as much of the choir as I think that I am.

[00:11:31]Second challenge is that if I do a good job, this won't be comfortable particularly for the white people in the room for the whole time.

[00:11:39]Um, the status quo is racism and as a white person, that's comfortable for me virtually 24/7.

[00:11:48]So I'm not here to uphold that. I want to unsettle that because we will not get where we need to go from a place of white comfort. The key is what we do with those moments of discomfort if I manage to stimulate them.

[00:12:01]Uh, we can certainly use them as a way out.

[00:12:03]Uh, we can also ideally use them as a relatively rare way in. Why does this unsettle me? What would it mean if it were true?

[00:12:13]And there are two places where white people begin to get uncomfortable when I give a talk whether you can consciously articulate it to yourself or not. The first place is how often I'm going to say the word white, so prepare yourself about a hundred times.

[00:12:27]Uh, and we're not used to being seen racially. We're not used to having people proceed as if our race has meaning. And the second place where we can begin to get uncomfortable is that I am going to challenge the very precious ideology of individualism and I'm going to do it by generalizing about white people all night long.

[00:12:51]And you're going to be just fine, hey?

[00:12:54]Uh, it is a very precious ideology. In general, I'm talking about the white collective, we don't like to be generalized about. Uh, and so just so you know, if I thought it was racist to generalize about white people, I wouldn't do it, so you don't have to send that email.

[00:13:10]Um, you can actually ask yourself, well, might I be missing something if I don't understand it, right? Rather than she must be doing that wrong, hey? Yes, we are individuals, of course, and I couldn't possibly hold every person's story in this room even if I wanted to.

[00:13:28]We are also members of a social group.

[00:13:31]By virtue of our membership in this social group, we could literally predict whether you and your mother were going to survive your birth.

[00:13:42]Regardless of your age, we can predict how long you're going to live because you're a member of this social group.

[00:13:48]There is a collective experience to being white. There are shared messages.

[00:13:53]We are all swimming in the same water.

[00:13:56]Right?

[00:13:57]And just like gender, you the way you respond to gender socialization, uh your challenges to gender socialization, you may have them, there's variations, but nobody can avoid dealing with gender socialization and responding to it. It is the same with racial socialization, right? So, every moment that you want to uh exempt yourself, um try this. All right, she's saying most white people X. I was a Y. Okay, good for you. Okay, you were Y, but most are X.

[00:14:29]How did Y set you up into the racial hierarchy you live in, swim in, grew up in, breathe in? Right?

[00:14:39]Uh it set you up differently than X set me up, but we both got set up. It's on you to use everything you see as unique about yourself and figure out how uh it it set you up rather than exempted you.

[00:14:54]And finally, we don't tend to understand the systemic nature of racism. So, let's just start there and I'm going to do this the way that I always do this to um explain the difference between personal prejudice that everybody has and systemic racism. So, prejudice, prejudgment. Everyone has it.

[00:15:13]Uh there is no human objectivity. We get it from everywhere across our life spans. Most of it is not conscious. I would highly suggest, and I think it's being sold out there, Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt's new book Biased, where she pulls together all the research, and the research is clear, all of us have uh prejudice. I'll use the term bias, and most of it is implicit or unconscious, okay? And therefore, all of us act on it. The way you see the world drives the way you respond to the world, right? So, everybody has it, everybody does it.

[00:15:47]But, when you back one group's collective racial bias with legal authority and institutional control, it is transformed into a far-reaching system that becomes the default. It becomes automatic. It's not dependent on your friendliness or your good intentions, right?

[00:16:06]So, uh it gets embedded in all the institutions, and also in cultural definitions of what's even normal, right? What is professionalism? What is uh intelligence? Whose stories are told by whom? Whose stories are not told, right?

[00:16:25]And I'm going to use an example from one form of oppression to launch us into the form we're here to talk about tonight.

[00:16:31]So, we're here to talk about racism. I'm very clear, you can't really separate these out. Uh but, for our purposes, we're going to take a focused look on racism. Then, we're going to draw from an example from the form called sexism, and relax, I'm going to use dominant language, because I'm going to use this the way our textbooks teach us, right?

[00:16:48]So, hang in there.

[00:16:50]Um women got the right to vote in this country in 1920.

[00:16:55]There was only one possible way that women could get the right to vote, and that was for men to give it to us.

[00:17:02]Women couldn't vote on their right to vote. They couldn't even speak in many public forums to advocate for their right to vote. Could a woman be prejudiced against a man and mean to him in a one-on-one interaction? Of course.

[00:17:15]Could women as a group literally deny every single man in the society his civil rights? No. Could men deny every woman in the society her civil rights?

[00:17:27]Yes. And that is a significant difference that must be acknowledged in language. Right?

[00:17:34]All right. So, think about today in 2019. I'm going to offer you a question. Today, if men as a group wanted to take away our right to vote, could they?

[00:17:45]Now, that's a little easier to see today than it was about 10 years ago when I first started asking this question.

[00:17:51]Um but I have been asking this question for many years because this is the best example of the difference between individual prejudice and institutional power and you know when yours is backed.

[00:18:02]Um And most people when I offer that question, there's confusion, they're not so clear. Some people are sure that they could, some are not, which is also part of how oppression works. So, let me just show you some basic statistics from 2019.

[00:18:18]The Fortune 500 CEOs are 98% male. The 10 richest Americans are all men. Seven of them are the richest people in the world. I think economic power is probably the ultimate form.

[00:18:29]Uh the presidency and the vice presidency has always been 100% male.

[00:18:34]The Senate, keep in mind we're celebrating the most diverse Senate Congress we've ever had, 75% male, House of Representatives 70% male, the current cabinet 84% male, US mayors 80% male, US governors 84% male, federal judges 87% male, police officers 85% male. So, I'll just ask you again, if they wanted to I'm not saying they would. My point is by definition institutional power is deeply embedded in the fabric of society. It's embedded across history.

[00:19:09]These are not flexible systems.

[00:19:12]Uh heads up, we live in patriarchy. We live in an androcentric male-dominated patriarchal society. We always have, and it didn't end in 1920.

[00:19:23]And I'm very confident that if Hillary Clinton had become president, patriarchy wasn't going to end that day.

[00:19:29]Any more I mean, if the word patriarchy came out of her mouth, any more than we can see that racism did not end upon Obama's presidency. I would argue it got an infusion.

[00:19:40]All systems of oppression can allow for exceptions. The rule will be consistent, right? 2019. And just in case you need a visual on my claim that we live in patriarchy.

[00:19:56]This is the House Freedom Caucus. This is arguably the most powerful committee in the nation.

[00:20:01]Talk about making decisions at the table.

[00:20:05]That will affect the lives of people who are not at that table. They're literally discussing the health care bill when this picture was taken. Right? In case you need an image from popular culture.

[00:20:15]This is cover of Vanity Fair.

[00:20:20]>> [clears throat] >> This is a slide I made. I don't even know who it is. I just Googled white guy.

[00:20:24]>> [laughter] >> And I got this. And I thought, oh, that's a that's a good one. Um if you have young people in your life, and if you have some kind of self-awareness yourself, you know that children are deeply shaped by films, by media, by imagery, and marketing, right?

[00:20:44]The way that they think about the world and understand the world. And all of us pretty much have been deeply shaped by film. Those who write and direct film are our cultural narrators, and they shape how we see ourselves.

[00:20:57]And how we see ourselves in relation to other people. And of the 100 top-grossing films of all time across the the disseminated from the US, 99 were directed by men.

[00:21:10]And 99 95 of them white.

[00:21:14]Institutional power is the ability to disseminate your world view to everyone and to shape how they see themselves, how they see you, how they see themselves in a relationship to you. To tell the story of the other when you are not in relationship with the other, when you don't know the other. To be able to represent the other and to do it and position yourself as simply telling universal human stories not from any particular position.

[00:21:41]So that Mike Lee is a film director who makes films about the human condition and Spike Lee is a black film director who makes films about black issues.

[00:21:55]So Facebook puts these things out on holidays. This one came out to commemorate the anniversary of women gaining suffrage and then some folks did this.

[00:22:06]Which women got access to the vote in 1920?

[00:22:10]Yeah, white women. So another dimension of institutional power is that your group's experience is held up as universal.

[00:22:17]So while we were oppressed as women, uh we were certainly privileged as white. There is no more universal woman's experience uh than there is a universal human experience on the physical plane where we live in the here and now.

[00:22:32]And that recognition, I'm sure many of you know, uh was termed by Dr. Kimberlé Crenshaw uh intersectionality, right?

[00:22:43]All right. So legal authority and institutional control is what transforms uh people's prejudice into a far-reaching system.

[00:22:53]So let's look at race in 2019, right?

[00:22:57]So the presidency and vice presidency 100% white, the US Senate 91% white. I just have to point out again, the most diverse Congress we've ever had. Uh the House of Representatives 73% white, this current cabinet 89% white, the governors 98% white, mayors 88% white, military advisors, just think about who we go to war with.

[00:23:23]100% white, federal judges 88% white, police officers 80% white.

[00:23:31]The people who decide which TV shows we see 93% white, the people who decide which books we read 90% white. People who decide which news is covered 85% white. People who decide which music is produced 95% white, school teachers 82% white, full-time college professors 84% white, owners of men's pro football teams 97% white, owners of men's pro basketball teams 98% white, the players 75% black.

[00:24:07]Right?

[00:24:09]And yet what is the definition of a racist, of what it means to be racist in the mainstream? Right?

[00:24:16]Well, it's an individual, always an individual, not a system, who consciously does not like people based on race. Apparently, if it's not conscious, it doesn't count.

[00:24:26]Um and is intentionally mean to them. It also has to be intentional to count. Uh individual conscious male intent across race, that is a racist. And I don't know that you could come up with a better definition to protect the system of racism than this one.

[00:24:42]Because this definition makes it virtually impossible to talk to the average white person about the inevitable absorption of a racist worldview that we get from living in a culture in which it is infused and embedded across all its institutions.

[00:24:55]Right? I think that this definition is the root of virtually all white defensiveness on this topic. Have you guys noticed any white defensiveness on this topic?

[00:25:06]Because if that's my definition of a racist and you just suggested I've said or done something racist, much less that I benefit from racist just by being white, what I'm going to hear is you just questioned my very moral character.

[00:25:20]And now I need to defend my moral character. Right?

[00:25:23]Uh and and I will.

[00:25:29]So, racism is a system, not an event. It certainly occurs in specific moments that we can identify, but of course it's 365 24/7. It's the system we're in.

[00:25:39]And part of being raised as a white person in this society has been to be raised to be what I think of as functionally illiterate on this topic. I had opinions, I spouted them freely. I cringe today when I think about that.

[00:25:53]Um and part of gaining literacy, and of course that is a lifelong process I will not be finished on with.

[00:26:00]Part of gaining literacy has been to understand the kind of collective dimensions of racism, but also how different groups uh of color get set up differently.

[00:26:11]So, what's in my head about indigenous peoples is different than what's in my head about Asian heritage people, and that's different than what's in there about African heritage people. I have different levels of comfort and and anxiety and interest, etc. And therefore, those groups have different experiences.

[00:26:29]Okay? And it's very important that we break that down and that we we learn those histories and those struggles uh and those stereotypes uh and those experiences.

[00:26:40]So, I want to be really clear.

[00:26:42]All peoples who are not perceived or defined as white experience racism.

[00:26:48]And they experience it in shared ways and they experience it in ways that are different uh depending on their group and its position to whiteness.

[00:26:58]Having said that, after 20 years of doing this work, I feel very clear about the following.

[00:27:06]There is something profoundly anti-black in this culture.

[00:27:13]>> [applause] >> And in the white mind, black people are the ultimate racial other.

[00:27:20]We have the most energy about black people. We have the most resentment and anxiety about black people. And when I have a very short period of time with white people and I want you to get in touch with your early messages, I ask you to think about black people, right?

[00:27:34]And and anti-blackness, there are poles, right? White is here and black is here and we and I don't have time to get into it, but but there is no white without black. There's a deep need for white the white collective.

[00:27:49]Uh there is no superiority without inferiority, right?

[00:27:53]So, there are poles uh and anti-blackness cuts across all groups including black people.

[00:28:03]The darker you are, the more compounded the oppression. And while I'm here to challenge white people and our complacency, uh there's a very sensitive couple questions I think peoples of color have to ask themselves. One, what does anti-blackness look like in our group?

[00:28:21]And who have I aligned with?

[00:28:24]Right?

[00:28:25]So, having mentioned history, anti-blackness, it's a system, uh I want to just give you one glance at the trajectory of anti-blackness um since the beginning of this country to the current time uh to illustrate those points.

[00:28:41]And this slide will be deliberately dense and we can think about it as state-sanctioned organized crime, quite frankly, against African-Americans.

[00:28:51]And it begins with kidnapping and 300-plus years of enslavement, torture, rape, and brutality, and it carries on.

[00:29:01]About 1/4 of the way in here, bans on testifying against whites, uh and you are in my lifetime 1/4 of the way in that slide, you were in my lifetime where it was technically legal to murder black people in this country.

[00:29:18]I would love to never again hear another white person say I didn't own slaves.

[00:29:24]As if that ended on that.

[00:29:25]>> Hello guys, welcome back. You've heard what Robin DiAngelo has to say about anti-racism in America and how America has worked so hard to kind of promote racism against minority groups. So, anti-racism educator Robin DiAngelo targets blackness because she views it as the specific foundation supporting America's racial hierarchy.

[00:29:50]Some of the four reasons why she has always been very vocal about the issues affecting blacks include foundational system where she argues that anti-blackness is the bedrock of American society structural racism rather than just random individual acts.

[00:30:08]I tend to agree with her.

[00:30:11]You can't tell me that white Americans just were born innately racist, but some of the racist tendencies that they try to show to the public are things they've been taught, are things they've learned from their own existence. Therefore, it is not really right to just come up and say that black people are hated by whites just because they are black, but there are certain things that whites have been taught so much so that they believe blacks are not really worth it.

[00:30:40]Another issue that really points out at the kind of ideologies that Robin DiAngelo holds is the historical operation where her work emphasizes that centuries of institutional violence including slavery and mass incarceration uniquely disadvantaged black Americans making them susceptible to some [snorts] of the discriminative tendencies that we see today. We cannot just come up and say that America is a racist country.

[00:31:08]The country is not racist. It is the people within that country are racist and where do they get these tendencies?

[00:31:14]It is from their parents. So, when you see white people trying to depict certain tendency that are not respectful to minority groups, it is not because they were born that way. Many in fact have had videos in this channel where white kids are speaking about how they envy and how they value black people.

[00:31:33]So, it can't be that there are those who are born innately racist against black people. There are many who are taught to be racist against blacks and that is what is happening. So, when you look at how historical operation has affected black people, it directly tells you that blacks have been subjected to some of the oppressive tendencies that cannot really be accommodated by other racial groups.

[00:31:58]Another issue around this is white identity definition where she posits that white identity and social status in the United States are historically constructed by contrasting whiteness against blackness.

[00:32:14]What defines whiteness?

[00:32:16]Is that distinction that exist between whites and blacks.

[00:32:21]And this is what Robin DiAngelo speaks about.

[00:32:24]It is quite sad that America has to stoop this low to accept itself. But in reality, if you look at the key issues affecting the American system, you realize that black people have made significant contributions to the growth of America, yet nobody takes time to acknowledge these contributions. You also realize that people like Robin DiAngelo have been teaching white people strategies within which they can be respectful to blacks because you can't expect your country to grow when you're disrespectful to the people who have made major contributions towards its growth. Blacks have been very instrumental towards the growth of America. So, America cannot wish them away. They can't just wake up and say that we don't want black people.

[00:33:14]Blacks have to be the part of the American story. And that is why you realize that there are those who say that you can't speak about American history without touching on black people.

[00:33:26]That is what is happening.

[00:33:28]Another key issue about this is defensive fragility where DiAngelo highlights how white discomfort and defensive denial shield this specific power structure from being dismantled.

[00:33:43]Many white people are very fearful of black people.

[00:33:47]They know that when black people rise to get power, they will achieve it without any force against them. And therefore, if black people try to rise, if black people try to strive towards achieving their key objectives, white power structures have to be against them. That is how they burned down the Wall Street.

[00:34:08]That is how they burned down the black Wall Street because they didn't want black people to be able to cater for their own need, to be empowered themselves, and ensure that their environments are able to work within what they want to achieve. So, these are some of the things that we see. And when we come out and speak about them, you realize that there are those who don't think we're speaking fact. There are those who believe that we don't have to speak about them because they want a cohesive environment. But you can't have a cohesive environment when you don't appreciate history, when you don't appreciate the contributions that black people have made to to America. Thank you for tuning in till this moment. I appreciate your company.

[00:34:50]Kindly share your thoughts down in the comment section. If you come across our channel for the first time, consider subscribing, like the video, and share.

[00:34:57]Thank you so much. Let's meet on the next one.