GCSE English Language - Analysing a writer’s use of structure - Live Revision Workshop

[00:00:03]hi good morning to all of you I'm just checking in we start in two minutes but I just want to check that those of you that are here who knows about three of you at the moment that you can hear me so if any of you who are actually here right now if you could type yes into the chat box just to let me know the sound is working that would be great perfect now we have had some issues with crowdcast over the past couple of days if there are any technical hitches that come up today which might be possible um please just do hang tight and we will try and get those sorted out as as quickly as possible right it's 909 so I think we'll make a start obviously we're here today to go through analyzing the structure of a text now the structure of the text is something that can come up um in different ways for different exam boards for AQA for example you have a whole question on structure or educass you are asked to comment on language and structure for Ed Excel the same But whichever examples you're with you will end up having to comment on structure so that's solely what we're looking at today how you can pick out those elements in a text or you can obviously um identify them and then comment on something interesting about their use so let me just create a quick Poll for you I'm just going to ask you are you confident with your structural devices in other words do you know what they are it's going to be a simple yes or no answer so I'll just share that with you now and if you could just put your answer in results are Anonymous so don't worry about anyone seeing your personal response but do you feel you are confident with structural devices the other thing I will say is that if for any reason my sound drops out you can't hear me anymore please can you type into the chat box and if we can't hear you because that's also been an issue and of course I don't know that because I can't hear you from your end I'm not seeing anything go into the poll the poll is there I'm hoping you can see it are you confident with your structural devices just pop in yes or no and if you want to see that oh yes okay we're getting some responses now all right so we've got a no so far if it's a no then just click on the no we've got a yes it's 50 50.

[00:03:09]oh right so it's relatively balanced right let's crack on then so the basics what essentially are you being tested on whichever examples are whether it's it's ao2 okay so that is when you have a look at the writer's methods you look at what they're doing with their writing to achieve different effects you need to show that you have the ability to identify different structural techniques you need to show that you can use appropriate subject terminology and you need to analyze how those techniques achieve effects and influence the reader all that needs to come through in your writing now you will be asked to comment on the presentation of a text you'll be asked to comment on the way the writers structure the text interests you as a reader it might come in various forms depending on the exam board you're with for example how is the writer structured the extractor interested as a reader how has the right to use language and structure to build tension how does the writer create drama and tension in these lines obviously your teacher will have directed you to the questions where you do have to talk about structure if it's not explicitly in the question itself but essentially it all amounts to the same thing identifying those techniques and commenting on them when you're looking at the structure of a text it's really important that you look at the whole thing if they've asked you to just concentrate on one section just concentrate on that section otherwise you are looking at the whole text because when you look at the structure of something it is how it is put together and therefore you need to look at the beginning how it develops the middle in other words and how it finishes if you think about the structure of a building where does the building start where does it finish if you look at the structure of anything a film how does it start how does it develop how does it finish it is exactly the same for a text that you're reading that's really all it is and then it's just a question of picking out those devices that are used within that text so can you list for me in the chat chat box sorry all of the structural techniques that you are familiar with you might not know many of them you might know all of them um the list is quite endless but just pop down into the chat box for me the structural techniques that you know the paragraphing yes meter is to do with poetry so that will be useful for when you're analyzing poems have anything else for example we know that setting is a structural technique what else goes into a story that makes it a story that's the way to remember structural techniques for example we know we have to have setting we know we have to have characters what else makes an interesting story you have two parts to it really the exciting parts character and so forth and then the technical parts for example paragraphs uh sentence length I'll speak to you about that it's it's different for different examples AQA for example um we'll put sentence length down to language whereas the other examples will put it down to structure so you need to be aware obviously of your own exam board climax give the different stages of a story any others think about how stories can possibly end sometimes they aim to leave you hanging what's that called shifts in the story good well done resolution ending at the ending of a story you might find a cliffhanger remember you might find a cyclical structure okay good all right we know some of them I haven't listed them all here but I have listed some of the most common ones okay because you're not going to be able to write about every single one and they don't expect you to write about every single one either so as you can see beginning little nodes you can't avoid that that tells you the development of the story narrative voice if it's in first person it's worth commenting on because of course you then are able to directly empathize with that character you're able to hear their thoughts and feelings you're able to see their perspective on events setting settings always very very important mood and atmosphere this is a brilliant one what feeling is created does it change characterization now have a look at those ones I've just mentioned whatever happens when you start looking at a text you will always be able to detect these at the beginning okay you will always be able to identify the narrative voice always the setting is typically 99 of the time they're established mood and atmosphere you'll be able to detect that character is typically introduced at the very beginning so those things straight away you will be able to comment on you'll never be left thinking oh what am I going to write about here but then we also have these other things dialogue now some extracts believe it or not will not have dialogue in there have been some in the past that when no characters have spoken so just be aware of that the dialogue tends to be more common Focus think about and this links to uh what um has been said in the chat box so that shifts in the story we have different focuses think about when you're writing a story you're focusing on something different as it progresses you might be focusing on the character's feelings at one stage you might be focusing on what's going on around them at another stage so Focus or zooming in that's also acceptable terminology foreshadowing which is a fantastic one suggestion of what will happen in the future if there's a huge thunderstorm what might that be foreshadowing flashback Flash Forward sometimes they're there sometimes they're not just depends really when obviously a flashback is when a character thinks back to an event we have contrast contrast is typically there as well um it might be a contrast between characters it might be a contrast between the feelings of the character and the setting that contrast is a good one Motif can be a little bit more difficult to spot that will be a repeated image for example in Macbeth we have the motif of blood um so that one's a bit more subtle but it might be there a shift from the inside to the outside or vice versa if you shift from the inside of a building to outside for example if you shift from Outer events to someone's inner thoughts that also counts delayed Revelation where information is held back from you you have to wait until the very end think about all those murder mystery films you've seen they all include delayed Revelation pace if you find that the action suddenly builds up the pace is going to increase it's going to get faster then it might slow down again pace is a good one Cliffhanger Cliffhanger doesn't have to come at the end you can have mini Cliff hangers as your extract is progressing so just be aware of that and cyclical structure the ending links to the beginning in some way I'm sure you've all studied in a spectacles we have a cyclical structure there because an inspector another inspector is about to visit them the history is about to repeat itself so forth so they are a good range of structural techniques like I said not all of them but they're not going to be writing about all of them and they are some of the most common ones if you have any questions please do pop them into the chat box for me okay and I'll answer those all right so can anyone now tell me what steps do you take when analyzing a structure of a text how do you approach analyzing a structure what do you do when you are planning your response when you are looking for structural devices do you have a method that you follow do you have steps that you take pop them into the chat box again foreign [Music] structure so we wouldn't be looking at language if you are for example given a question where it asks you to comment on the use of language and structure then I guess you would be looking at them side by side but specifically when you're looking for those structural techniques what do you do how do you approach that any ideas hey you've come to a grinding halt so let me go through some tips for you one easy way to do this is to divide your extracts okay divide it into the beginning Mark that out maybe with a box or a line the middle section and then the ending now it sounds very obvious but what it will do is it will just help divide your story up into sections and you will be able to see how things progress within each of those stages so that's very useful to do at the beginning then of course what you want to do is you want to go through it now at this point you would have read the whole text anyway so you will be going through it again you do need to do that for structure because you need to highlight and you need to annotate you need to note down any structural techniques you find that are interesting as you are going through that text okay that's important because what you want to be able to do when you're writing a response is refer back to your extract and know where those different structural techniques are used you don't have to note down every single structural technique you are noting down the ones that are of interest to you that offer you something interesting to say about the story and when you're doing that just make sure that you're aware of their effect so for example if you have the introduction of a character what is what catches your attention about them now when you are writing about the reader and the effect of these techniques on the radar be specific explain your ideas avoid these phrases like it makes the reader want to read on it gives the reader questions you need to be very very specific why does it make the reader want to read on what questions is the reader given at that stage okay so avoid generic statements and it really is as simple as that divide the extract highlight annotate for your structural techniques by the time you go into the exam you'll know a good range of those and then always consider what's their effect on the reader it's the same as if you're watching a film when you see the introduction of characters when you see Cliffhangers and so forth how does it make you feel that's the outline now there are different ways you can approach this this is the most straightforward route that will allow you to cover everything comprehensively have a look at how the extract opens the writer for example has structured the abstract interest me as a reader as in the beginning and then you identify those structural devices they've used making sure that you mention what those techniques are making sure that you have some evidence there and that you are commenting on the effect of those techniques I say some evidence because the structure question is different to the language question in the sense that you do not have to have a piece of evidence for every single structural technique that you are mentioning you are going to mention more structural techniques in this question then you would do for language techniques in the language question simply because they often cross over the structural techniques if you end up having a piece of evidence for every single structural technique that you mentioned then um you you will have a lot of evidence that references making sure you have some evidence that's fine as the extract progresses so you're looking at how things shift how they change you can obviously have multiple paragraphs for that it depends on how much you find and then obviously make sure you cover the end of the extract okay so again what techniques are there what evidence supports that and what comments can you make okay but if you make sure that you are covering the beginning the ending what's in between then you will have a good idea of how everything's been put together it's like a jigsaw puzzle you need to look at the whole picture because if you don't look at the whole picture you're going to have bits missing but how does it all fit together now what we're going to do is we're going to look at the text and as we move through each section I want you to try and identify the techniques yourself and then consider that impact on you as the reader okay it is an older text so you might find some of the language slightly more challenging I'm going to be getting you to um do quite a bit of work here just so that you're testing your own skills and you can see how everything basically develops in this so in this extract this is from the novel donbian Sons by Charles Dickens Florence is very upset because she has been rejected by her father and stepmother her only living relatives she runs away from home out onto the Streets of London and goes to the home of an old friend the little midshipman she is followed by her faithful dog darshaness also known as dye now when you read The quick summary that you're given of the story you will already have a sense of how that text will have been structured for example just reading that little blurb at the top we know that obviously the focus is going to be on the central figure of Florence we know that the mood and atmosphere is probably going to be perhaps a little somber because she's running away it's a distressing situation um we know that there is going to be obviously the introduction of another character her dog so even just from having that General understanding of the story you should be able to identify some techniques let's have a look at its section by section so we are going to look at the opening first of all now how do you side when the opening finishes where do you mark it off well there is really no specific hard fast rule about this I'm going to take you through the very first paragraph which clearly is the opening but then I would also consider the second paragraph as as part of the opening as well because it's a continuation of that same idea there there isn't quite a shift at that point and what I would do is I would just Mark a line under that or I've put a box around it just so I'm very clear about where the opening of the story is and then if you deal with it a section at a time it makes it much more manageable manageable for you sorry less overwhelming so let's have a read this in the wildness of her sorrow shame and Terror the forlorn girl forlorn means sad courage through the sunshine of a bright morning as if it were the darkness of a winter night ringing her hands and weeping bitterly insensible to everything but the deep wound in her breast dumbed by the loss of all she loved left like the sole survivor on a lonely Shore from the wreck of a great vessel she fled without a thought without a hope without a purpose but to fly somewhere anywhere now we're going to help you to begin with you can see I have some quotes highlighted in yellow now the first quote wildness of her sorrow shame and Terror that's good supporting evidence to highlight that the reader is plunged into this tense drama immediately begins with action and so the focus at the beginning of this story is the emotional state of the protagonist the emotional state of the main character again that's another thing you'll be able to detect in the opening of your story what is the focus on is the focus on the setting the focus on the character is it a combination of the two there will be so many things that you can write about but obviously you can't cover everything so select the parts that you feel are the most important we then have this quote highlighted ringing her hands and weeping bitterly that's useful because we know there's this focus on her emotions but that particular reference shows you that there is a physical manifestation of her grief it emerges physically through her through her behavior and through the way she's carrying herself so that's a nice idea to continue on from the first one we then have highlighted how she fled without a thought um now what you'll notice is that in this extract we have moments of repetition we have without the thought without the Hope without a purpose somewhere anywhere that is a phrase that's repeated three times and we can call that parallel structure or you could just refer to it as repetition if you wanted to um it's this idea though this idea about her desperation is being repeated for the reader it has been emphasized for the reader because again It All Leads back to her emotional state she's upset she feels very alone and all of this is just based on the opening paragraph and what we've been told in that blurb at the top so straight away even with just one paragraph plunged would be considered structural because of course we're being thrown right into the middle of action Focus that's important parallel structure or repetition also very important and as you can see we've got Snippets of evidence there to support those ideas so as you are annotating that is what you're doing okay your your highlighting anything that links to structure and you're making a quick note of what the technique is and if you have time a quick note of what the effect is if you know what the effect is in your head then you're fine I've just noted it down here for you so it's nice and clear any questions at this stage you know right so what I would like you to do now let's have a read of the next paragraph because I want you to identify any techniques within this paragraph I have highlighted a few things if you need a bit of guidance the cheerful Vista of the Long Street burnished by the morning lights are covered by the Morning Light the sight of the blue sky and Airy clouds the vigorous freshness of the day so flushed and Rosy in its conquest of the night awaken no responsive feelings in her so hurt bosom somewhere anywhere to hide her head somewhere anywhere for Refuge Nevermore to look upon the place on which she fled chatbots any structural techniques that you can identify there think about how it might compare with the first paragraph that we've moved on from that first paragraph writer's focus and so forth you should see what you come up with any ideas okay so we have a shift and focus from the despair of the protagonist to the environment good suggests that nature has the power to calm individuals are you would hope but actually it's not calming her here and you'll see that as the extract actually continues on but you are correct and that there is this shift from the focus um of the Despair and that's a really good word to describe what she's going through she's in a state of despair to the environment to the setting around her good think about how the setting perhaps compares to her emotional state is there for example the use of contrast by the writer notice anything about how we have different moods attached to both the character and the setting any other ideas that we have at the moment oh yes we have some though some contrast between her attitude and the setting exactly now you can use the work of contrast or you can use the word juxtaposition juxtaposition also means contrast it sounds slightly fancier but both count so we have this juxtaposition between her emotional state and light was just mentioned in the chat what's her her feelings of Despair compared to actually this very cheerful atmosphere of this city it even says the cheerful Vista of the Long Street burnished by the morning light light is something that we associate with hope and think about how that compares to what was mentioned in the first paragraph the darkness of a winter night um and then again we have this this this parallel structure somewhere anywhere that's repeated from the first paragraph It's the writer is really focusing on how she has this aimless flight as she's running really at this stage with no sense of direction she just wants to get away and as a reader that makes us feel or you would hope that makes us feel great great empathy perhaps because she is essentially in these surroundings and she's not connecting with those surroundings she is isolated in her own grief in her own upset in her own despair so again when you are looking at each section look at the transitions between the paragraphs because here it's just really interesting how you have that contrast between her emotions and then the setting so that marks out your beginning section okay you could put that your observations your analysis into one paragraph and then if we move on let's have a look at the next section so I've marked this out in green this is going to Mark the middle part now the middle part is going to be long obviously so what you need to do is track what's happening throughout that middle section I have a few things highlighted here for you as I read through this just see if you can identify any structural devices think about how is the story developing there were people going to and fro there were opening shops and servants at the doors of houses there was the rising clash and War of the day struggle Florence saw surprise and curiosity in the faces flitting past her so long Shadows coming back up on the pavement and heard voices that were strange to her asking her where she went and what the matter was and though these frightened her the more at first and made her hurry on the faster they did her the good service of recalling her and some degree to herself and reminding her of the necessity of Greater composure where to go or somewhere anywhere still going on but where you thought of the only other time she had been lost in the wild wilderness of London so not blasters now and went that way to the home of water's uncle okay again what techniques can you identify in this section how has it progressed from that opening section in yellow pop your ideas down into the channel and again when you're thinking about the setting always consider what is within that setting because setting doesn't just have to be made up of landscape and buildings it can also be made up of people consider also things such as mood and atmosphere consider feelings characters feelings she is calming herself she is so there is that slight shift there she's she becomes aware of the necessity of Greater composure because she is in a very public space that we can start the other thing of course is that um if you're with a particular exam boards um for example with your group you're with Ed Excel then sentence structure does count you can also comment on sentence structure if you're with AQA um no just to make it confusing and sentence structure is considered applicable justy language however if you're thinking about the positioning of sentences where sentences emerge in a paragraph that does count as structure for every example okay so my only comment there is is just about AQA really um when you're commenting on on sentence structure that's actually the language she is afraid of everyone good yes definitely there's that focus on her feelings okay let's have a little look at what we've got here well we have this introduction of other conflict in a story you always have to have the introduction of a character you will always have setting there will always be some introduction of conflict the conflict might be subtle it might be very loud and obvious but there has to be some type of problem there in order for the story to move on so consider that when you are reading your response where is the conflict we have conflicts introduced at the very beginning but actually we have further conflict now because the londoners are introduced G cannot Escape look at the crowd look at how busy it is good well done so you've written the long sentence kids suggests that she's overwhelmed by the conflict of others exactly so it mirrors that feeling of fear from her we also have um this shift in focus from her internal emotions to the external world that's there at the very beginning of that paragraph okay and in the next paragraph you couldn't you might notice this for example how it opens with a rhetorical question which heightens the sense of drama and tension you might notice again look at that the repetition of somewhere anywhere you might notice that the the past and present she thought of the only other time she had been lost in a wild wilderness of London so that reinforces her isolation really doesn't it but it's also a turning point in the story because Florence has a specific goal in mind to get to that particular Haze place to the home of Walter's Uncle so again another thing that you will find when you are presented with an extract is that there can be a turning point in there um a rather obvious shift sometimes it's a less obvious shift but turning points otherwise known as shifts in Focus I guess you could refer to them but a turning point is a bit stronger and that also takes the story in a slightly different direction you can see the range of structural techniques that you've got here there's quite a few and for some structural techniques you will write more about them than the other remember this isn't like the language question you're not having to pull apart quotations in excessive detail zoom in on Words and so forth with structure it should be very natural you'll see that in the response I show you after how you move seamlessly from one thing to the next okay so there we go that's that section now we're moving on we are still on the middle section okay because the ending is here right at the bottom so let's have a read of this see what you can find checking her subs and drawing her swollen eyes and endeavoring to calm the agitation of her manner so as to avoid attracting notice Florence resolving to keep to the more quiet streets as long as she could was going on more quietly herself when a familiar little Shadow darted passed upon the sunny pavement shop short we ordered about him close to her made off again bounded round and round her and diagonists panting for breath and yet making the street ring with his glad bark was at her feet oh die oh dear true oh dear true faith will die how did you come here how could I ever leave you die who would never leave me Florence bent down on the pavement and laid his rough old loving foolish head against her breast and they got up together and went on together die more off the ground than on it endeavoring to kiss his mistress flying tumbling over and getting up again without the least concern dashing at big dogs in a coast Defiance of his species terrifying with the touches of his nose young housemates who are cleaning doorsteps and continually stopping in the midst of a thousand extravaganzas to look back at Florence and bark until all the dogs within hearing answered and all the dogs who could come out came out to stare at him I tried to read all of that without pausing but as you can see you've got a very very very long run on sentence there so again what do you notice in this section what techniques can you identify here because there's a very obvious shift with the introduction of her faithful dog how does it affect the story how does it change the feeling yes definitely he does he makes her happy so we can see how there's obviously a big shift in her emotions that feeling of despair is slightly lifted what else what else could we have a look at here think about the presentation of the dog as well remember one of the things about structure is writing about character when you are writing about character characterization is a structural element and so when you have for example you see what I've highlighted they're bounded panting making the street room with its glad bark what is that telling you about her dog fearful character yes definitely good not aware of the sad situation yes so all in all we have this loyal loving companion who's introduced and with that Florence's loneliness is reduced it's a real contrast the introduction of dye is a real contrast against the situation that she faces having run away from home feeling very overwhelmed by the city but we also have this shift in tone um where the protagonist finds comfort her isolation is overcome and that dialogue really expresses that dialogue is another structural technique oh dear true faith will die there's a real sense of gratitude there that she has someone beside her yes good the dog is introduced to reduce the emotional conflict influence exactly and we can see how they got up together and went on together okay strength in numbers let's have a look at the next section now I'm going to read through this paragraph you can see I haven't marked out anything in this one again don't feel that you have to obviously pick out every single paragraph you're picking out the parts that you find that's interesting I have something to say I'll be able to write about it in the time given but I'll read through the next paragraph with this last adherent Florence hurried away in the advancing morning in a strengthening sunshine to the city the roar soon grew more loud passengers more numerous the shops more busy until she was carried onward in a stream of Life setting that way and flowing in differently past marks and mansions prisons churches marketplaces wealth poverty good and evil like the broad river side by side with it awakened from its dreams of Russia's Willows and green moths and rolling on turbid and troubled among the works and cares of men to the deep sea so this is the continuing Journey obviously she's moving forward with her dog to reach her destination but I'm going to actually focus on the ending now which is marked out in blue and it is very obviously the ending because this is where she reaches her destination at length the quarters of the little midshipmen arose in view near yet and the little midshipman himself was seen upon his post intent is ever on his observations nearer yet and the door stood open inviting her to enter Florence he would again quickened her Pace as she approached the end of her journey ran across the road closely followed by diagonists whom the bustle had somewhat confused ran in and sank upon the threshold of the well-remembered little parlor okay structural techniques in that closing what can you identify what is the effect how have things shifted how might it compare to the beginning and again that's the beauty of looking at the opening and ending you will be able to make a comparison and see how the journey that the character is on has progressed typically they are always on some on some Journey yes they have reached their destination think about how this destination contrasts against the environment she's come from contrasts against the emotions she has been through any other ideas okay let's have a look then so we have here this idea of this place this little midshipman being her final salvation um this ends this this passage ends with the release of tension and this comforting setting contrasts against the threat and confusion that she feels exists in London so it's a it's a decidedly different mood and atmosphere that you have at the ending in contrast to what is introduced at the beginning in contrast to the emotions that she's been feeling on this on this relatively short short Journey that she's taken what's the destination appears to be inviting her to enter allowing her to escape from the harsh environment exactly good well done and as you can see the parts that have been highlighted they all suggest how welcome in this place is how it is a place of dollars Comfort familiarity oh there have been 11 things 11 observations that have been marked out there is no definitive number of structure because it's all about commenting on what you see as the extract progresses and trying to tie that into your response you will find that you will make a lot of observations um but as you can see the most important thing is that you're covering the breadth of the extract here you go so that is the very you've got the opening there then we progress on progress on further and we come to the ending okay now you are being asked to comment on how the structure is interested you as a reader that will come in various forms depending on the exam board you're with just remember the tips and tricks okay about dividing the extract into different sections highlight annotate for your structural techniques and understand that effect and when talking about the interests of the reader be specific okay now let's have a look at how you can write about the opening this is an example at the beginning of the abstract the reader is immediately plunged into the tenth strum of the scene which focuses on the feelings of the protagonist who is wringing her hands and weeping bitterly this physical manifestation of her grief draws sympathy from the reader even more so when the writer uses juxtaposition to contrast Florence's emotional mistake against the jovial atmosphere of the city with its cheerful Vista of the Long Street and burnished Morning Light this focus on the setting highlights the beauty of the day but set against Florence's wildness of Sorrow shame and Terror the reader is alerted her in a turmoil emotional turmoil and sense of isolation this highlights her sorrow and Detachment from the outer world of bustling noisy and busy London therefore the contrast between the bright morning sunshine influences dark emotions create a sense of irony addressing the depth of her grief to the reader the writer also uses parallel structure with the repetition of the phrase somewhere anywhere to create a quickened pace and to emphasize Florence's desperation as she runs aimlessly altogether the readers introduced her a very sympathetic portrayal of a vulnerable young girl now that's a particularly long analytical paragraph that I've shown you but I wanted to show you the amount that you are able to write about and how many different things can be covered don't feel oh my goodness I need to write um big long paragraphs like that because obviously you're writing under a time limit so like I said this is if you were able to talk about anything and everything there might even be more um that's how it could all connect together so you can see how straight away I've got this this terminology at the beginning of the abstract we've immediately brought the reader in the reader is immediately plunged into the tense drama of the scene we've addressed what's been focused on and that is the feelings of the protagonist it's supported by some evidence there's an interesting comment to make obviously about this physical manifestation of her grief but then that then connects to obviously um the second paragraph where we have this contrast between her emotions and the setting um now you can see how I've moved back and forth sometimes with the quotations so when I'm talking about the setting I compare that to the wildness of her sorrow shame and Terror you can do that don't feel that you have to write about each quotation in order because the beauty of writing a structure question is that you'll be making comparisons throughout we then obviously go on to sum up some higher level comments the contrast between the bright morning sunshine influences dark emotions create the sense of irony okay so that would be considered a very subtle perceptive observation dressing the depth of her grief to the reader we then also pick up on this this is also very perceptive um we've got this repetition of somewhere anywhere that is repeated throughout this first section and continuing onwards in the passage that links to pace so again you with the structure question there is no hard and fast rule as to how many structural techniques you should write about because as you can see they come in at every possible moment it's just a question of you identifying those and thinking about how they're building up this story the scene that you're presented with so that's how you could write about the beginning okay and as you can see it's manageable because you're just looking at that one section at that stage now as you go on let's think about how we then shift forward through the narrative so as the extract progresses or as the narrative progresses even Florence's flight is interrupted by the presence of other people this introduces an element of conflict with a reader and suggests Florence cannot escape from her problems entirely the shift in focus from the girls internal emotions to the external World highlights a desire for Solitude and isolation and this is contrasted with the presence of others around her including the people going to improve the opening shops the servants at the doors of houses and the rising clash and Roar of the day's struggle furthermore The Mention Of Florence's previous experience of being lost in the wild wilderness of London foreshadows her current situation to the reader and reinforces the idea of her being lost and alone just as she remembers of previous experience in London and decides to seek Refuge with Walter's Uncle this marks a turning point in the narrative as the protagonist now has a specific goal in mind and a plan to achieve it the reader senses that she no longer has to ask herself where to go which was the source of her anxiety and tension in the first paragraph of the extract so again we've got our quotations in green and we've got our subject terminology in words and we've covered these points here that we've made in our notes and again we start off this paragraph by looking at how the narrative is moving forward how the focus is Shifting okay and then as you can see everything seamlessly follows on one from the other we always have techniques matched with comments with supporting evidence all right anyway any questions at this day obviously now we're writing about the middle section which is always going to be rather sizeable you do not have to write about the middle section all in one paragraph it will be a very long paragraph so you can break it down into sections like I have done so the next section is all about the introduction of the dog though the text has presented a somber a melancholic tone to this point the arrival of diogenus and Florence's interaction with him creates a shift and the mood becomes slightly more light-hearted and hopeful for the reader as Florence finds comfort in her companion the repetition of diogenesis actions such as bounding around plants and barking at other dogs create a sense of chaotic energy and joy that contrasts with Lawrence's earlier despair in addition through Florence's dialogue with diogeness where she says oh dear true faith will die the reader sees her deeperfection for her faithful pet this interaction also adds a touch of warmth and Humanity to the otherwise Bleak scene notably the use of short choppy sentences or you could say fragmented sentences and the repetition of the dog's name reflects reflects Florence's joy and relief at finding a familiar presence in a strange and pricing world the writer therefore uses the dog as a symbol of Hope in the time of great distress and we see the reuniting of two Kindred Spirits who got up together and went on together so again here we're bringing in even more techniques so thinking about the shift in the tone we're thinking obviously about the survival of the dog which creates that big decided shift we're thinking about the actions of this dog remember when something is introduced it will be introduced in a very deliberate way do you want to pick up on how it is described and with the dog of course um you have its movement um which links to creates a different type of Aura doesn't it it creates a different type of energy and that obviously nicely contrasts with appliances earlier Despair and then of course dialogue if you do have dialogue sometimes there might be quite a lot sometimes there might be very little but typically there'll always be something you can comment on about dialogue okay and then of course you have very very very um long uh long run on sentence with lots of different Clauses um so think about obviously how you can comment on any interesting sentence structure if you are not with AQA if you're with AQA then obviously don't um don't worry about that but you can talk about the position in your sentences so that is that section and then of course that leads us on to the ending now as the reader approaches the end of the extracts and make sure you assign posting what part of the extract you are looking at Florence's arrival at the little midshipman's quarters provides the resolution to the story and is symbolic of her search for refuge and safety the small and familiar space of the Parlor provides a sense of relief and familiarity contrasting with the overwhelming and unfamiliar city outside and the well-remembered little parlor adds a sense of nostalgia to the scene moreover the overall structure of the passage reflects Florence's emotional Journey from despair to relief and Hope for much of the passage the sentences are long and complex creating a sense of urgency and immediacy in the reader as we feel pulled along with Florence on her journey for example the sentence somewhere anywhere to hide her head somewhere anywhere for Refuge never more to look upon the place from which you've learned is particularly effective in conveying France's desperation however when she reaches her destination Dickens uses some noticeable shorter sentences seen when the little midship midshipman arose into view and invited her to enter Florence finds solace in the familiar surroundings of the little parlor as she regains her composure and there is a release of tension on both she and the ringida so for this ending part again you've got your subject terminology resolution and then we've spoken about this shift in setting in fact you could even use that subject terminal as you can use setting in here um we've got that contrast that's picked up on that's one of the things that really stands out but then what we've also made sure we've done is we've looked at the overall structure because once you reach the end you'll be able to comment on that and the overall structure of this passage that you've been given does depict a young girl's emotional Journey from despair to relief the other thing that you can comment on is obviously sentence structure here because um in a lot of this passage which is very typical of Alger text um you have these long complex sentences but within this very last paragraph We do have a couple of relatively shorter ones so that's a useful observation to make if you're with um at Excel educast this idea obviously of the little midshipman and then inviting her to enter and and that obviously can be linked back to this change in emotions how there is this release of tension finally ending with her you know feeling comfort in the setting of this parlor and you know the reader also feels a sense of relief that she is safe um that she's no longer in the state of distress and and also that she finds comfort in the setting but also through her companion die and that's it really okay that's a full response that takes you through the entire passage from beginning to ending like I said this is a very uh detailed piece of analysis that you've been doing because I wanted to show you the different possibilities and how many things you could comment on um but I hope that's helped I hope you are able to see now how you can work through obviously an actual passage pick out the things that are interesting and then write about them and again remember with a structure question when you're writing your paragraphs as long as you are acknowledging the section of the text as long as you identify instructional techniques and you have comments on them supported with some evidence then that's absolutely fine it doesn't necessarily matter which order you do them in um for example you can see here in this paragraph I've finished with a quotation because that's being used to support this comment here so it is quite different to language of course the language is much more rigid the structure but with this particular type of question the idea is that you are moving through the passage and as you're moving through you're making those comments as you go on making those observations if you have a question where you asked a comment on language and structure then of course there'll be mixed mixed together but that is how you can identify structural techniques okay so as I've said before divide the extract highlight annotate think about the effect on the reader and make the connections it is very much like connecting jigsaw pieces together and you can't do that obviously until you see the big picture and you can see even in the ending here I was referring back to something at the beginning so again like a jigsaw you will make those connections as you're moving through it the same as you would do if you're watching a film you make all those connections does anyone have any questions please pop them in the chat box with this 1009 here so we are finished that the session is now finished but if anyone has any questions please do pop them into the chat box otherwise you can log off I will just hold on for a moment just in case uh there is a select delay of the chat box but good luck in your exams if you have them coming up if you don't have exams coming up then obviously you've got lots of time to prepare for next year okay and if you're not familiar with your structural techniques if you really can't remember them if you Google structural techniques that will come up with a whole list for you uh plus you'll be able to play this one right I'm going to sign out then good luck everyone and have a lovely day