1.2.3: The Nervous System & Brain Injuries

Added: 2026-05-30

[00:00:00]all right everybody this video is about the nervous system uh divisions of the brain as well as some information on brain injuries and diseases so the nervous system is divided into two main regions and which are shown in purple and uh kind of a gold color and this diagram and those are the central nervous system which is in purple uh and that includes the brain and spinal cord the brain of course is the most complex or organ in your body that consumes the most energy uh it controls thought Behavior emotions memory basic life functions breathing heartbeat Etc right um really is the control center for the entire organism then you have the spinal cord which is the main pathway for information connecting the brain to the nerves of the body and those nerves of the body are not part of the central nervous system but instead are part of the peripheral nervous system so peripheral kind of means like out on the outside edges that's what it means like peripheral vision right it's the outside edges same sort of thing here right the peripheral nervous system is not the central part but all the other parts of the nervous system throughout the rest of the body around the outer edges right including all the way down to your fingers and toes and so the nerves of the peripheral nervous system are basically just bundles of fibers that transmit information to and from the brain and spinal cord uh and allow that information flow between the brain and spinal cord right the central nervous system and the rest of the body all right let's take a little bit closer look at parts of the brain all right so there are three main divisions of the brain but then we're going to look a little look closer about at some divisions uh of our first section which is the cerebrum so the cerebrum is this upper largest portion of the human brain and it handles conscious thought and action uh also is involved in um language and mediating that um your behavior sensory process and more all kinds of stuff things we don't even quite understand uh a lot of that is going on in the cerebrum uh and as humans we have a very very very very large cere compared to other animals okay that's where our big old brains with all of our smarts come from now the cerebellum down here below the cerebrum this is mostly the coordination of movement uh maintaining posture balance muscle tone motor learning really highly involved in the coordination of uh motor neurons uh that are going to be able to allow you to you know move your body properly uh stay balanced stay coordinated um move around walk run jump Etc that's the cerebellum plays really key role in mediating all of that then there is the brain stem the brain stem is what's going to connect the brain to the spinal cord right an important link there in that central nervous system and it also uh plays a really key role in regulating vital body functions like breathing and heart rate uh uh parts of your body that are autonomic doing things kind of on their own um so you can't control your heart rate yourself you have no conscious control over that your brain Sy is doing that for you now breathing you don't have to think about it your brain stem can control your breathing for you as well but of course you also have voluntary control over that which is important if you're going to be able like you know swim or hold your breath when somebody farts all right let's take a look at some of the uh sections here of the cerebrum known as the loes uh of the cerebrum uh first one here in the kind of teal color is the frontal lobe and the frontal lobe is where most of your conscious thought uh is taking place this is where you're planning you're organizing controlling behavior and emotions um a lot of like um you know your personality um the things that are going on that are that are in Forefront of your Consciousness that you are actively thinking about that you are engaged in um that's all happening in the frontal lobe back here in the purple we have the parial lobe uh this is just a lot of integration of sensory and visual information a lot of the communication between like the uh regions other regions of the brain with the frontal lobe uh it's where a lot of like uh just like kind of raw processing power especially um unconscious processing that's taking place and integrating information from your senses a lot of that's happening in the parietal Lo then you have the temporal lobe uh this is where a lot of your language centers are so for being able to uh listen and understand what other people are saying uh as well as developing speech uh a lot of that's happening in the temporal lobe uh it's also really important with the development of long-term memory and storing information in long-term memory and then finally in the back here in the rear we have the occipital lobe and the occipital lobe uh is high highly involved in uh visual processing so receiving information uh from nerve impulses from the eyes uh processing that information integrating that sending it out to other parts of the brain including back to the frontal lobe uh for you to have you know conscious information of that visual information that you're getting from your eyes all right little bit information about brain injuries and diseases this is something that we're going to be looking for as we are uh analyzing Anna's brain uh we're both look at Anna's brain in Gross like looking at the entire brain as well as looking at uh tissue slides or doing hystology of Anna's brain uh so an MRI scan or magnetic resonance imaging uh is an imaging technology which uses magnetic fields and radio waves to take pictures of soft tissues like the brain and we can use that to diagnose brain injuries or brain diseases such as uh traumatic brain injuries also known as tbis uh a TBI is a brain dysfunction caused by an outside force to the Head uh and we can use MRI imaging to diagnose that a concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury in which an injury to the Head causes the brain to quickly move back and forth and actually hits inside the skull so the brain actually moves back and forth within the brain case within the skull and it can kind of rock back and forth and that is a concussion it is a type of traumatic brain injury uh and a lot of concussions repeated concussions uh can lead to a degenerative disease of the brain called chronic traumatic encylopaedia um so in recent years we've learned a lot about concussions and we've learned um a lot about CTE especially from uh football players uh but not just football players uh anybody who is at risk of repeated concussions can potentially be at risk for developing CTE uh there's been lots of um discussion about that and Rule changes within different sports to try to minimize that and um helmet Technologies trying to protect people's brains better because of what we've learned about uh C de uh so there unfortunately been a lot of like professional athletes who like after retiring have um like had early deaths um including like mental illnesses leading to like depression and suicide because of CTE because they had so many concussions so many traumatic brain injuries over the course of their career uh so it is really important we are going to be taking a look to try to diagnose whether Anna had any sort of brain injury from uh the injury that you saw there on her forehead or what might have happened at soccer practice as well remember that she did get an injury to her head during soccer practice so we want to know does she have any evidence of a TBI does she did she possibly suffer concussion or some other brain injury that is what we want to know here