This video presents a detailed Hebrew grammar lesson analyzing Zechariah 2:10-17, covering key grammatical concepts including verb conjugations (qatal, imperfect, participles), the vav consecutive construction for narrative flow, pausal forms that alter vowel patterns, and textual variants in manuscripts like the Septuagint and Dead Sea Scrolls. The hosts demonstrate how Hebrew verbs function through examples like 'perasti' (spread out), 'himalti' (flee), and 'yosheveth' (dweller), while also discussing scholarly debates about textual readings such as 'my eye' versus 'his eye' in verse 12.
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Hebrew with Kipp DavisAdded:
[music] [music] [music] [music] >> Hey yo, it's uh Thursday night. Welcome everybody to uh another rousing episode of uh of Kitty Anti Breed. I I actually mean that, Dan, because because we've had Rabbi Hana uh the Rabbi Hana on the show.
So, um some of those some of those shows are less PG than >> [laughter] >> another one another ones. So, uh but that that I I'll that's probably not happening tonight. Um welcome everyone. As you can see, I'm joined by my my good friend and my special guest who's making his his Kitty Anti Breed debut. Dan McLellan I don't think requires any introduction, but uh hey, thanks for coming and hanging out.
So, that's >> inviting me. I'm glad we we uh were able to make the schedules work.
>> Yeah, it's been a we've been trying to we've been trying to uh make make work this out for a few months now. So, I was I was stoked that you were you were free tonight. [clears throat] So, um there's uh there's already a bunch of people Oh man, there's a whole bunch of people here.
>> [laughter] >> So, I was you just take your eyes off the screen for a second. So, uh just uh checking in with uh with John and and Shank. Uh Shank is one of my current uh Hebrew students.
>> Very cool.
>> Faith by faith is here, yeah.
And uh oh so as is uh Noise Ending, another one of my my current Hebrew students. Mossy Matt is wishing us a happy hot tikvah uh as as one of my former Hebrew students. And of course that warrants uh one of his >> a hot tikvah, I love you.
>> Yeah, it just >> [laughter] >> it never it never gets old, Dan. I just uh it it delights me. And I'd love to make a shirt out of it, except the only thing that prevents me from doing so is the fact that if I wear it anywhere, Hebrew like Hebrew speakers are going to think I'm stupid. So, I >> Well, you could put a little SIC in brackets in small letters underneath it.
>> [laughter] >> That would that would cure it, right?
So, hopefully. But uh yeah, so oh uh I was never here has a has a question directly for you. Uh Dr. Dr. McLellan, I have a problem. I'm dogmatically committed to Kip Davis mythicism and God's propaganda being pseudepigrapha.
How can I stop putting uh my dogmas over data?
>> Uh I I think there's there's probably too much self-pleasuring going on. Uh if that's getting in the way, I mean you got to cut that out. Um cuz you know, you get the you get the problems with your palms, too. But um yeah, that that's that's step number one.
But >> Oh, wow. See, here here I thought here I thought this was this was not going to be a spicy >> [laughter] >> Uh Gord is here and uh Sapphire Big Swamp Denier Light is here. BeccaBoo is here. A bunch of people from your channel.
Uh Buck Perigo.
Um this is Cuneiform Guy uh who used to have a lovely Cuneiform uh YouTube handle before YouTube [ __ ] all that up.
So um I think J Stanhope is here. Evan Moore.
Um uh Jace Hair, are you familiar with uh with uh Jason Hair?
He runs >> I don't think so.
>> He runs a platform called uh the Hebrew Hebrew Cafe here on uh >> Oh yeah, yeah. I know the Hebrew Cafe.
>> Yeah, so that's uh that's Jason. But uh there's a there's a bunch of people in the audience tonight. So welcome.
Welcome everyone. We're going to jump right in.
If you're new [clears throat] here, uh this is the show where I get to hang out with friends of mine and we read Hebrew text and we get nerdy about uh the language and the syntax and the grammar.
And uh just just uh talk about some some interesting things going on as well. So uh Dan and I will as always take turns each reading a verse in the Hebrew and translating it into the English and then um yeah, parsing verbs and pointing out anything else that that's uh might be of interest. So we are starting tonight after the petuha, the open paragraph uh mark there at the end of uh verse nine. We just read about how Yahweh is going to be a wall of fire around the unwalled city of Jerusalem >> Yeah.
>> and how the glory is going to be right [clears throat] in the midst of it. It's pretty spectacular. So um that's where we're picking up tonight. Do you uh do you do you want to read first then or do you want me to start? I usually leave it up to >> Uh I'm I'm happy to start.
>> Sure.
>> Um so uh verse 10, here we go.
Uh hoy hoy ven asum eretz tsafon neum Adonai ki ka'arba ruachot hashamayim perasti perasti, excuse me, et achem neum Adonai.
>> [clears throat] >> And then the the hoy hoy we got or or ho ho if if you're nasty, I guess, um >> [laughter] >> our our interjection which is I I usually go with woe, but I I think I think up is is something that I see uh >> Up?
>> Yeah, yeah, okay, get up.
>> Yeah.
>> Like uh get off your ass.
>> Yeah, [clears throat] something like that. Yeah, yeah.
>> So.
>> Uh and then we got the nusu which is our uh plural masculine uh imperative from uh nus to flee. So, we're we're saying get your asses off the ground, flee. Uh me'eretz from the lands uh in construct with tsafon. Tsafon could be name of a mountain. Uh it is also used to mean the north. It is a mountain located in the north. Famously, the the mountain uh in the Ugaritic literature.
>> That's right.
>> Where where we have some divine palaces, some abodes. Um and then we got the neum Adonai.
>> [clears throat and cough] >> Uh something we see a lot in prophetic literature. Uh says the Lord or or uh something like that.
And then um ki because or for ka'arba as uh four of winds or the the four winds of uh the heavens or the skies.
Uh perasti we've got uh looks like a PL and the PL usually you have E the the hirek in the first syllable, but because we can't put a dagesh in the resh, you've got compensatory lengthening of that here to say ray. And that's a first common singular cut off form. When you teach Hebrew, do you use perfect and imperfect? You go >> Yeah, I do. What do you use?
>> I I was taught not to to default to tense.
And to use that.
>> Right.
>> But and and I think the the what I used was prefix and a fix were the two forms that >> Yeah.
>> But then in the literature I I overwhelmingly saw like tall and and why tall and cut tall. So So I I haven't really [clears throat] settled on on just sticking to one of them. So >> Yeah, like I've been I've been using Josh's new books for this, right? And so what he has done because and and he's he's gone a different direction where we we don't he doesn't even start talking about like he introduces all the verbs with tense at the start and just doesn't even start talking about aspect until quite a bit later.
Sort of because I guess perfect and imperfect get into it, right?
>> Yeah, some somebody points out that those aren't tenses. I yeah, I guess past and present would be the tense version of it.
>> Yeah, that's usually how we do it, right? We introduce as like there's a we we say there's you know, there's a past tense which is the perfect and a future tense which is the imperfect and participles are usually usually function as as present tense verbs and then later on after they've got cuz we we do verbs pretty early, right?
So later on we start to to to fill that out a bit more with with with the like like the more nuanced version. Yeah, so it's it's it's tricky though, right?
Like [clears throat] >> It is annoying and and it's been so long since I've been kind of in that debate that yeah, I I I I said perfect and imperfect. I should have said past and present.
I use Lexham presses.
Um They're learning biblical Hebrew reading for comprehension, which is pretty decent. I like it. And one of the things that it does that a lot of grammars don't is uh it goes back to the historical linguistics, particularly with vowels, and teaches you these were the historical vowels and here's how they changed so that the student doesn't just memorize different patterns, but knows how they got to be the way they are so they can relate different vowel patterns that that come from the same form. And it it's it makes it a little bit more complex at the start, but I think it it creates a a better foundation.
>> Yeah.
>> But anyway, we've got perasti Go go ahead. Sorry.
>> No, I was just going to I was just going to point out Jay Jay's here says that that he defaults always to past tense because in Hebrew it's called zamana ovad.
>> Zamana ovad.
>> So, and and I mean usually like Jay Jay as um you know, an an Israeli um Hebrew speaker, right? I I very often and and his his his knowledge of the of the biblical language is quite exceptional, too. So, I often find myself defaulting a fair bit to to whatever whatever Jay says.
>> Yeah.
>> So, but uh >> I had a a speaker of a native speaker of modern Hebrew in in our my recent Hebrew class and they they didn't have as much biblical Hebrew, but it was always every time it was like okay, your turn to read and I was just humiliated every time.
>> Yeah, I know, right?
>> Yeah, it's always like what >> Yeah, it sound terrible.
>> It may not sound like I know what I'm talking about. Like I sound like a third grader when I read >> [laughter] >> Yeah. Exactly. [clears throat] Sorry.
Finish up.
>> Yeah, so we've got perasti, uh which is uh the first common singular uh perfective or qatal of uh parast to spread out. So, uh as the the four winds of the the skies or heavens I have spread y'all out. Uh and then another Nahum 1:9 says the Lord.
Or or uh somebody What did somebody say on I saw a comment that um >> For Adonai >> I don't know what that is.
>> Yes.
Somebody said would could you render that uh under the under the auspices of Adonai?
>> Under [laughter] the auspices of Adonai.
See, I just uh I Yeah, I just I just consistently translate those as as an oracle of Yahweh.
>> Oracle >> But uh yeah.
>> I I think I Yeah, I'm probably too influenced by the traditional rendering cuz it is more like utterance of uh or something like that.
>> Yeah, and it's such a I mean, it it's such a uh it's such a formulaic term, too, right?
>> Yeah, yeah.
>> That's um you know, it Yeah. Uh I I will I I'll just bring this up here and my apologies. Uh Prexy, another one of my my uh Hebrew students.
>> [laughter] >> Uh he pays his students. He doesn't point to the words as he reads because he forgets that we are Hebrew kindergarteners. Uh my apologies. I was uh I was late as usual getting getting my my my my pointer ready to go here.
>> No.
>> So. Yeah. So, okay.
>> When I um I always did it on my iPad and I had my pencil and I would just use that and it was it was pretty handy, but but good heavens, it was difficult to write legibly on an iPad with the with the Apple Pencil and And then I had to delete everything that I did when I moved on and it was annoying.
>> Yeah. I I like Yeah, I do like I do like having it handy if I need to, but um uh I got a recommendation actually yesterday. I started a new course with, um, the religion department and, uh, they were really nice.
And this video he he promoted that.
I had a great turnout, last night and, uh, >> [clears throat] >> a couple of the students were very frustrated by the fact that my my, uh, cuz you know when you're trying to draw like like write slowly to to get the you know, I'm like yeah, yeah, I >> [laughter] >> just does not working. So, he he made a great recommendation. He found, um, like a like a screen cover for your iPad that's really nice.
Purchase on the on the surface.
Yeah, yeah, I think I've heard of that.
I might have to look into that.
Yeah. So, all right. Well, I'm going to I'm going to move [clears throat] on here to to verse 11. It's very short.
Uh, all right here at the bottom. So, uh, hoy tze on him alti yoshevet but babo.
I I have gotten accustomed, uh, more recently just to leave hoy untranslated.
Okay. But, but I think you said you said up, right?
But then that works here. Up, get up, get off your ass. Zion. I'm looking at the I'm looking at the LXX and it just transliterates in verse 10.
>> [clears throat] >> It has just hoy. It has an omega and an omega. But there it's a it's a smooth breathing though. So, it's just oh oh.
Yeah. Interesting. But they're just they're together. Are they just individuals or are they together? This is for verse 11 or verse 10? Verse 10.
Oh, yeah, okay. It's just two two right one after the other.
>> Yeah.
>> That's cool.
>> Yeah. So, now that makes me feel better about [laughter] about choosing not to translate.
>> But then verse 11 has ace in or into.
>> Into, okay.
>> Instead of >> Yeah. Instead of hoy.
>> Yeah.
>> Um, okay.
Uh, so yeah, um, up or hoy, Zion, uh, flee.
And then we've got, uh, settlers uh, or dwellers of the daughter of, uh, Babylon. I think I've seen, uh, some English translations, uh, uh, treat bot bavel as like fair uh, Babylon.
>> Really?
>> Um, I know the GPS does that.
>> Like fair Verona kind of >> I guess so.
>> Like that.
>> It feels like it feels like I can't think of any offhand, but it feels like like bot um, which means daughter.
>> Right.
>> Uh, folks, I feel like that's a that's a word that that sort of takes that that euphemistic um, sense of a as as more of like, uh, like a um, what's the word?
Like like a metaphoric representation.
>> Yeah, yeah, a personification. Well, is it are you reading it as appositional or as construct?
>> Uh, I I I read it as construct here.
>> Yeah, cuz I I see translations that just say daughter Babylon.
>> Oh, yeah, sure. Okay.
Yeah, that that makes sense, too.
That's probably better, actually.
Um, but, uh, anyways, uh, so for the verbs we have, uh, himal t is a nifal um, imperative masculine singular.
Uh, we, uh, the the the I mean, the imperatives in the nifal always take this take this this this prefixed consonant hey, and you can see the the prefixed vowel still in place there, and the doubled the the doubled mem is probably taking the place of of the letter noon.
And then you've got that that comets in the in the pretonic position which is characteristic of of almost all the the the the niffal stems in in in both the perfect it's it's very common in both the perfect and the imperfect to see that in in the imperfect especially and in the imperative. So so yeah, that's what that is malot means to means to flee. This is sorry, did I say I said it was an imperative. I didn't I didn't distinguish this is this is a a feminine imperative. So we've got the the T ending there.
>> Yes.
>> And as I I haven't gotten to imperatives in in my current classes, but when I I introduce them to my last class, I always say the easiest way to recognize an imperative you I usually in the cow, right? Is to just picture them as second person verbs cuz in actual fact this is what they are. You're always addressing someone with your imperative, but then you lop you just lop that that prefix right off.
>> Yeah.
>> Yeah. So one of my students one of my students got accustomed to saying you cut off the tip of the >> [laughter] >> of the verb of the imperfect degree and the imperative. So that's what's going on there. [clears throat] And then yosheveth is also a verbal conjugation here this is a cow participle feminine feminine plural feminine singular a feminine >> No, that's feminine singular. Yeah, sorry.
>> Yeah. So there we go.
That's that's verse 11.
>> Yeah, which is what yeah, the the inhabitant of That's >> I did say Yeah, I did >> Yeah.
>> It it would correctly do that.
>> [laughter] >> So, oops.
>> You'd be yosh vote if uh if it were plural. But But that is interesting that that you were were now doing because you have etachem A in the previous verse, which is your second masculine plural.
We've switched to um a feminine singular. And I wonder if that's under the influence of the singular feminine personified cities of Zion and Babylon because they're they're both feminine. So maybe that just in uh affects how the author uh decided to um to render that.
Is there in the in the BHS is there a um Where are we? In the BHS is there a variant Oh, you you already went over. Is there a variant or anything in the >> Uh actually there is a note here for bot. Um about you were wondering about yoshevets.
>> Yeah, cuz you have right there himalti yoshve.
The inhabitants.
>> Yeah, that's right.
>> So the masculine plural construct.
So it does look like somebody was like, "Why is that singular? Let's make it plural." Um and and masculine as well.
What is that? That is the That's uh one manuscript.
>> Reflected in the Septuagint as well.
So >> Oh, is it Yeah.
>> Yeah.
Kati katikuntes which is uh masculine plural participle.
Cool.
>> Okay.
Good stuff.
Uh it's always it's always a chore uh to >> [laughter] >> turn the pages here.
Um all right.
Uh verse 12.
>> Verse 12, yep.
Uh ki cho amar adonai tzva'ot, ahar kavod >> Oh.
>> What's up? Do you have a >> Sorry, I'm just getting my pointer. I'm ready.
>> Okay. Okay.
>> [laughter] >> Uh, I'll start over. Um, ki amar Adonai tzva'ot, ahar kavod Uh, shlachani el hagoyim ha shol'lim et hahem, ki hanogea bahem nogea b'vavat eyno.
Uh, I've got I've got dental trays now.
I've had them for a couple months now and >> Oh. It's making it >> reading Hebrew >> [laughter] >> a challenge.
>> Yeah, I'm stumbling over stuff as I'm as I'm reading. It's annoying.
And my videos, too. Like I I struggle with making my videos sometimes because I'm I'm stumbling over these dental trays.
>> [clears throat] >> Okay, so uh, for thus says Adonai of hosts, uh, after uh, glory has sent me to the nations which plundered y'all, uh, and then we've got another key for uh, the the striker or the one who touches y'all is a toucher of the apple of uh, his eye.
>> Yeah.
>> And you have Yeah, we It looks like we got a couple of notes on eyno. They're They're at the end.
>> Do you want to go look at those now or we could we could uh, maybe just do your your translation and your and your parsing first.
>> So, amar is is our standard 3 MS uh, qatal from amar say. So, thus says Adonai of hosts, uh, shlachani is uh, pretty standard uh, qal qatal from shalach to send with a first common singular uh, object suffix.
Um, el, and then we have a, a plural participle with a definite article on the front, which I was, wh- when I learned the, the participles, they told me think of the definite article as, as like a relative pronoun. As like a who or which.
>> Mhm.
>> Um, and that's how I Yeah, so, so shalach, we've got our, our, call masculine plural participle, uh, to spoil, to plunder.
Uh, y'all, and then, uh, naga, we've got two masculine singular participles in a row with our, our wonderful furtive patah.
Um, and y'all will always be Yes, thank you, vishanti. Y'all is one of the most useful words in the English language. I was born in West Virginia.
Uh, I learned y'all before I learned you, so, um, I For a long time I tried to suppress it, and, uh, a while ago I was like, screw all y'all. I'm using y'all.
>> [laughter] >> Um, so, uh, naga would be to touch or to strike, so, uh, we've got nogea twice there, participle for that.
Uh, yeah, those are all the verbs in there.
And then I'm trying to see if there's anything interesting here. Uh, the, the cho at the, the beginning, kicho.
Uh, you would expect a dagesh lene in the beginning of that.
>> for the, for the begad kefat letter, this is something that I always tried to repeat with, uh, my students. If you've got a, an open long vowel at the end of the word that precedes a word that begins with a begad kefat, it will usually omit the dagesh. It's treating it, for purposes of syllabification, or pronunciation anyway, as if it is carrying on the same syllable.
>> Yeah.
>> So, you see that quite a bit.
>> Yeah. Excellent point. Yeah. No. Do you want to uh we could uh look at some of these these notes here.
>> Yeah, I'm interested because I I looked at a translation.
Septuagint has his eye.
But uh the NRSVUE has my eye.
>> It does.
Yeah.
>> For and and I think it's probably because the um >> [clears throat] >> it's it's treating it as reported speech. I think. And so it's wanting it is wanting Adonai to be referring to my eye.
What do we have?
Um Okay. Um >> So, >> Tischendorf the the A knee.
>> Yeah.
>> So, there's one it looks like there's one manuscript of the Septuagint.
And then the Vulgate.
>> Tertullian and the Vulgate.
>> And yeah, that have uh my eye.
>> Yeah.
So, cool.
>> What is the Can you scroll to the right a little bit? Oh, add?
>> D to D. What was that again? That's >> That was That was uh the end of the verse.
>> Oh, yeah.
>> so actually the whole clause. Yeah.
>> Wonder why that I mean but that's just a I I mean when you see that I believe that's just an editorial suggestion.
>> Yeah.
>> Um I don't think there's any there's any actual uh manuscript.
>> This is This is part of the minor prophets, right?
>> Yeah. It is.
>> I have the BHQ.
>> Oh, yeah.
>> I'm curious what >> up.
>> what we've got here.
Um >> No.
>> Give me just a second to >> Sure.
>> We're in Zechariah.
>> I'll uh I'll I'll grab a couple while you're looking that up. I've got a couple things here that I'll grab.
There's a super chat from Brendan Runyon for $10. Thank you very much. Great to see uh Dan McClellan on the stream, too. I just got both The Bible Said So and God's Propaganda delivered to me.
>> [clears throat] >> Nice. In fact.
Uh God's Propaganda is a densely packed book.
>> Yes. Yeah, it is dense.
>> It is. So. [laughter] >> My my editor wouldn't let me get away with that.
>> No, I know. That's That's I I was like, yeah, that's that's that's that's a big part of why I didn't I didn't try to pitch it harder. Um so, but uh the audiobook is like 24 hours, which is kind of crazy. But um Uh Buck Perrigo 6479 says, "Wow, right on. You pronounced my name correctly."
Oh, good. But I have a question for Dr. McClellan. I was recently in a discussion with a JW guy who asserted that angels Jesus uh angels who asserted that I guess angels and Jesus were not divine.
>> That's peculiar. Um I I I thought that that Jehovah's Witnesses thought of of angels at at least angels as divine if not Jesus, but um I don't know all the ins and outs of of their um theology.
Um I do see uh in the BHQ, we do have um whoop I don't see anything about that whole that entire last clause being added.
But it does say uh >> just signed it.
>> Yeah. It does say uh prefer aene.
And there is a there is a note.
If if you're Yeah, and for your audience, if you're not familiar with BHQ, that's the the next version of this critical edition, the BHS that KJV has up here. Uh and and it's doing a number of things with its updates. One, it's getting rid of uh like the Gothic symbols and and it's getting rid of Latin abbreviations and that kind of stuff. Uh it's also fully incorporating Dead Sea Scroll manuscripts. So, instead of just saying Q, it will give you the, you know, four Q do J or whatever. Uh but then um it's being published fascicularly, so one book at a time. Of course, the minor prophets are small enough that they get them all together. But uh they also have half the book is the critical text and then the other half is notes on a bunch of stuff.
Uh and so uh there's there's a little commentary notes on whatever's going on with >> Yeah.
>> Anee. Yeah, so it's it's pretty uh it's pretty handy. They've only got like maybe a quarter of the books out with uh um >> And there's just no chance they're ever going to get that all in crammed into a single volume, but uh >> Not anytime soon, no.
>> No. Um but uh yeah.
>> Let me see what >> Yeah, it's So, I I I think they probably they must have probably decided that that was not a that that was not a a great editorial suggestion uh for that final clause.
>> Yeah.
>> So, and I honestly I I it it irritates me when when BHS does that. Um it's like I don't know.
>> It's a pretty big swing.
Um So, here's what it says about Anee.
According to tradition, M is a tikune soferim for Anee attested in one Babylonian manuscript as the uh I guess it says M kets. So, do we have the ketiv that uh that has Anee? Okay.
Uh and also in the Washington Papyrus, several multiple Vulgate manuscripts, and a citation by Tertullian, implicitly also in a citation by Justin.
Yeah, so the the context strongly suggests the originality of the first singular suffix, whose modification to a third singular suffix for theological reasons is easily envisioned.
>> Mhm. [clears throat] >> And then in 4Q >> It's totally understandable.
>> Yeah. 4Q12E, it is not clear because of damage whether the manuscript reads yod or vav as the final letter, and yeah.
So.
>> That's how they get confused.
>> Yeah.
Easy enough.
>> All the time. All right. So, >> Yeah, and even we've talked in the past about Psalm um >> 22.
>> 22, verse 16, how >> 16, yeah.
>> it's you know, you'll have in a in the same line, you might have a yod that's longer than a vav in another word, and >> Even Yeah, even in the even in the the Dead Sea Scrolls manuscript, where it's supposedly clear, um the Nachal Hever Psalms Scroll, there's there's a lot going on there, where like even just in the very next it's a it's in it's in the very next word, or it's in the in in the word at the end of the word. Yeah, yeah, um uh yado, uh uh sorry, um yadai varaglai, right there, right? There is I think it's the yod on on yadai, the the the pronominal suffix.
>> Uh-huh.
>> If you look closely, and the manuscript is damaged, but if you look closely, it looks very much just like a vav.
>> Okay.
>> In fact, it was misread by the by the editors >> Uh-huh.
>> as a heh, because it's like two vavs next to each other.
>> Yeah, yeah. It's a heh.
>> So, but it's I think it's clear.
>> Um >> But I yeah, anyways. Uh it's it's a problem. It's a it's a real problem in all sorts of those those manuscripts, and you you you Honestly, I mean, half of the half of the the the textual variants in in in these manuscripts are are just >> Kind of arbitrary.
>> Arbitrary mistakes like that, right? So, yeah, but all right. Verse 13.
Uh key hinenni menif at yadi alehem.
Vahayal uh shalal uh le avdehem.
Uh vidatem ki Adonai Tzevaot shelachani.
All right. Uh for or since uh well, let's see here. Um uh uh So, I'll Yeah, I'll do it this way. So, uh so, look, I am like waving my hand over them.
Um and uh they will plunder um sorry, they they will be plunder for uh their slaves, and you will know that Yahweh Tzevaot Yahweh of armies has sent me.
So, um hey me menif, this is a uh this is a a hif'il uh participle from nuf, which means to which means to wave. It's probably got a a a different sense according to um the the waving of the hands. I'm not entirely sure.
>> Well, yeah, the hif'il is it something like shake or something like that?
Yeah, let me look at this Okay, halot says to move to and fro. Brandish.
>> Yeah, brandish.
>> In a threatening way.
>> Yeah.
>> Yeah, threatening with your hands.
Um so, yeah, so, that's a that's a verb >> I shake my fist over you.
>> That's it. But both of them.
So, um, no, it is just one. That's right. It is just one hand. So, um, and then we've got, uh, uh, Vahayu Vahayu is just a standard, uh, qal perfect, uh, third masculine singular. This is this is prefixed with with the vav, um, a vav consecutive with the perfect um, here and with, uh, with with the next, uh, verb, which are which are, you know, considerably less common in, uh, in in the Bible, but but function the same way in terms of inverting that, um, the sense of the verb there. So, >> it as a as a vav reversive. I learn learned vav conversive with the prefix and and reversive with the with the apex. And then in in my textbook that I use, it uses vav consecutive perfect and vav consecutive imperfect. And and I'm sure it was confusing for students cuz I kind of hopped back and forth to which I which I would use.
>> Aren't we terrible? I do stuff like that all the time.
>> [laughter] >> So, >> Well, and and what, um, what I think some of the students had a hard time with with with the vav consecutive perfect was that you need to establish a future future tense in order for that to be used that way because it can just be a simple perfect with a vav.
>> It can.
>> Yeah. But the the hin and nee check me out waving my hand, um, puts things, um, in the, uh, in the future. And so, that's what what establishes the temporal futurity of it.
>> See, yeah, I I often say but but yeah, when when you see when you see a bunch of, uh, when you see a bunch of vav conjunctions together that aren't verb consecutive imperfect. Very often they're just carrying forward the sense of the last verbal expression until you see the next verb consecutive. So, a verb consecutive imperfect. But, um yeah. So, and then we've got uh vidatem is uh another one of these, right? With the with with the verb on a uh a cow perfect second masculine plural from yada, meaning meaning to know. And then uh shalachani is uh the same verse with but this is in pausal form, which is why we have the uh the comments on the uh on on the chat there. So, this is a uh a cow perfect third masculine singular with the pronominal suffix.
See, notice the difference here, everyone. We have shi- uh shalachani up here with the patah. Here, because this is the uh this is the final syllable uh in the verse, uh the metheg, you can see the accent there, is attached to it, which puts the whole but puts this puts it into pause, and then will lengthen that final that that that um that vowel there, too.
So, that's what's going on there.
All right.
>> Yep.
>> Ready to go with verse 14?
>> Pause to No, I didn't learn pauses in undergrad. I had to figure that one out later on. Yeah. [laughter] We had Yeah, we Did you Did you do Hebrew in undergrad?
>> Yeah.
Yeah, I did.
>> Oh, wow.
>> Did Yeah.
>> I did, too, actually, now that you mention it.
>> I don't know why I did.
>> [laughter] >> Yeah.
Okay.
>> did uh a couple years of it, and then uh couple of reading classes.
>> Yeah, I remember in one in one of the reading classes we had at Trinity, we spent a day uh going over accents in in in um uh, the Masoretic text. And that was helpful and I wished I used to have a handy booklet, too, right?
>> Yeah. Yeah.
>> lost >> Oh, did you? I've got I've got a PDF of it. The >> Okay.
>> the guide to BHS or something like that.
>> That Yes. That one. I love that book.
Jace also recommended if you you can you can throw that in there again, Jace.
He's recommended a a book for for uh, accents and cantillation. Just a skinny little >> [clears throat] >> little booklet that's affordable that you can buy. So, um, but yeah, if you want to do that, uh, Jace, then I'll I'll make sure to flag it.
>> Yeah, I I definitely need to work on cantillation cuz I'm just like it's can Yeah.
>> Yeah, right. Exactly.
>> Well, we were taught the accents and syllables >> Yeah.
For so long, everybody just told me, "Ah, just ignore it. Ignore it. It's not important. Just just pretend it's not [laughter] there."
So.
>> Hang on a second, Vishaan. He's asking a question. I'm just going to I'm going to queue up my um Oh.
Do I need to flag that? Um, how far back is that? No, she just um >> Oh, on your on on your Okay.
>> Yeah.
>> On your on your DMs.
>> Got it.
I got to I got to look for it.
Um, I don't remember what the what the title is. [laughter] >> Okay.
>> Oh, here we go.
>> is the the one that's uh, that Jace recommends is uh, the art of Torah cantillation from Yeah, he he corrects it. UAHC.
Um, the art of Torah cantillation.
>> The art of Torah can- cantillation. Let me >> Yeah.
>> It sounded like art of Torah cancellation at first.
That's an odd thing to >> That's [laughter] That's >> What an odd thing to do.
>> book, Dan.
>> That's uh, called the New Testament.
>> Yeah.
>> Or or it's minus >> god, where is my >> minus Matthew and James and and a couple of >> Damn it, where is my rim shot when I need it?
>> [laughter] >> All right. Uh verse 14.
>> Verse 14. Uh what do we got here?
>> [clears throat] >> Uh rani v'simchi bat-tsiyon ki hananani ba v'shachanti b'tochech n'um adonai.
Uh and so we've got our uh imperative sing uh feminine singular and rejoice feminine singular imperative uh daughter of Zion for uh watch me coming and uh and I will uh shall dwell. We've got our our vav consecutive perfect again and I shall dwell in your midst.
Utterance of Adonai.
Um and uh simchi we already Yeah, rani and v'simchi those are two feminine singular imperatives and then we've got our first common singular uh call uh perfect the the v'katalti.
Uh the vav consecutive perfect and then uh va is a participle.
And va, man, I hated va.
>> Va.
>> Oh. Well, cuz it can be uh it's uh you you always have to look at the context.
>> Is it a perfect? Is it a participle?
>> Yeah. But uh I I learned pretty quickly that the hinneh frequently was followed by a participle and that was that was huge. That was key.
>> Yeah. So, uh just so everyone's aware, uh this this form here looks identical in whether it's a whether it's a masculine singular participle or a third masculine singular perfect.
>> Yeah.
>> So, cool.
All right.
Uh venel woo uh [ __ ] ravim el adonai bayom hahu vahau li laam vishakanti betochech uh veyadata Sorry, veyadaat ki adonai uh tzva'ot shlachani uh elayich All right. I'm just going to cuz I'm right here, I'm just going to point again. Everyone can see the the the comments with the metheg here in the in the last word. It's just these are pausal forms, right? That's why the vowel changes. Um uh okay. And then it's uh and and um this is like uh uh you will be uh uh many na- Sorry, they will be. Yeah, so many na- uh a great uh great nations will be joined to Yahweh um on that day.
And uh they will be for me uh a people.
And I uh and I will dwell in your midst.
And uh you will know that >> [snorts] >> uh Yahweh of armies has sent me to you. It's interesting here, too, now.
We've got uh we had um um veyadatem in uh verse 13 the masculine plural.
>> Mhm.
>> Uh second second singular here we have second plural, sorry. Yeah, masculine plural. Uh second person. And here we have um a feminine singular form. Um is which is corresponding to It's not clear what the antecedent in that is is there? Um >> The you?
>> Yeah, I don't I don't see it here.
>> I I wonder if it's in that day and they will be to me people and I will dwell cuz then you have in you have in your midst talking about them and then your midst but it's yeah, that's feminine.
Um feminine singular so maybe that's influencing the the conjugation there.
>> Yeah.
Yeah.
But okay, so for the verbs we got the first one we got here again with the with the with the verb a verb consecutive attached to the perfect. This is a nephal perfect third masculine plural from I it's it's lam and verb hey, I think is the root. Is that right?
This is the I like this word cuz this is the root for Levite and I'm I'm not I'm I'm pretty keen on on on the the suggestion that that that these are the Levites are the attached ones that that were were joined to the to to like the the the the the the nation that the Israelites confederacy >> [clears throat] >> and they carry with them a bunch of these these fun traditions.
>> Which is why they don't have land.
>> Exactly. Yes.
Yeah, so [clears throat] that's so yeah, to the those who and this is passive those who they will be joined. The subject here is is going in with a beam. Um and then we have again by you which is a a cow a third masculine plural perfect with the with the valve consecutive and then she can t we've seen these before again the cow perfect there this is a first common singular with the with the valve and then this one I pointed out earlier by yacht is yacht sorry is a second feminine singular cow perfect With the the valve consecutive and shiloh honey is the cow third masculine singular perfect with a first singular pronominal suffix and again notice we've switched back right to the patak as opposed to the the puzzle form so all right Verse 16 I think [clears throat] we'll just do 16 and 17 at the end of the chapter we'll call it a night okay >> I've [clears throat] been a hard on I had to hold her cold at Mata Kodesh over her old Jerusalem And so we've got nahal is and and the Lord shall inherit Judah his portion or as his portion >> Man that sounds familiar >> [laughter] >> Yes we've got a Deuteronomy 32 89 allusion here upon the the holy land or what do how should we be understanding that against on the holy land in the holy land >> I I just yeah I I see that's I I understood it as on but uh >> LXX has F >> I don't think that makes Oh, yeah.
>> Yeah.
>> So, pretty literal.
>> not helpful though, yeah.
It's hard to I I I It's hard to to imagine what's going on if it's if it's if it's against, right? I I think I struggle with that.
>> Yeah. Yeah.
Yeah.
Um Yeah, so something uh in relation to the Holy Land and uh he will choose uh again Jerusalem or elect again Jerusalem.
Uh and so Nachal, we've got our our vav consecutive perfect again. That's a 3 MS call.
Nachal to inherit uh and then Uvachar, that's another vav consecutive perfect.
And because of the the vav is on a precedes one of the labial consonants, uh here the the shva changes to a shureq.
And we've got our 3 MS uh call uh perfect vav consecutive perfect there as well. Oh, Jerusalem. Yeah, and then we've got our Yerushalayim in pause there toward the end, so you got the comets under the the lamed. Yeah. And that's a that's a weird Do you see You see uh Jerusalem spelled with uh Do you ever see it spelled with uh a yod mem or is it Is that hireq kind of a furtive hireq?
>> Yeah.
>> Is that a uh qere perpetuum or something like that?
>> Yeah.
Could I honestly I'm I'm not I'm not even sure. But, uh yeah, maybe you Oh, um shoot. I should have I should have uh I should have pulled open a uh Oh, I actually I have it right here. I wonder what that wonder what's going on if we have um text from Qumran here.
>> Oh.
>> Um sadly we don't. It ends at verse 14 in uh 4Q80. So, unfortunate. Oh, well.
>> Are you looking at uh biblical scrolls from Qumran?
Or okay.
>> That's such a handy text.
>> Isn't it?
>> Yeah.
>> Yeah. I I particularly I particularly like that you've cuz I've got the both the Accordance modules where you've got them all um in order, but then I also really love the manuscript uh module.
So.
>> But uh yeah. No, oh, look, Nidditch is here.
Hey, Nidditch. Good to see you.
Um all right. Uh Nidditch, by the way, Dan, is my uh he's my he's one of my co-hosts for my bi-weekly Saturday night show, which is coming up.
>> Oh. Right on.
>> Uh this this weekend. So, all right. Uh last verse.
Uh has kol basar mith uh mippene Adonai.
Yinne'or mim me'on uh qodsho.
So, here we have um uh silence.
All flesh from before uh Yahweh in in Yahweh's presence.
There's going to be a big exclamation mark there, I think.
Uh for um oh, shoot. I just uh um uh oh, yeah. He will for he will uh or he has I think like like awakened himself um from his holy habitation or his holy abode.
>> Mhm.
>> That's the the [clears throat] me'on there.
>> Now, um maybe the the native um Hebrew speakers in the chat might be able to help clarify for me. You you pronounce the last word kadosho, but I would have defaulted to codesho.
>> Oh, yeah. That's probably That probably would have been better.
>> But and and this is there are a bunch of cases where the uh the hataf or the um qamats qaton is not clear. And um and I'm always I know where where a word the noun is usually like hokhmah, sometimes uh it's it's not clear. Uh and and you default to um the noun form and so pronounce it as a as a qamats qaton, but I wonder if uh anyone in the chat who uh who knows Hebrew at least pronunciation better than me uh has any guidance there. Is that is that codesho there?
>> Yeah, let us know. Uh Ja- Jason's just not paying any attention and that's that's not helpful, [laughter] Jason. Really not.
>> Uh um he's he's pointing out where there's a yod in Yerushalayim.
>> [clears throat] >> Oh.
>> And Jeremiah Asher one and two qamats. So, it's pretty late.
>> Yeah.
>> Yes, it's codesho. Okay, yeah.
>> So, it's codesho.
Um so, good. Uh just the one just the one verb here. This is a This is a nifal. Um notice the tsere underneath the the the nun. It's a It's a third uh masculine singular. Um from or and uh the reason we have the tsere there is because you can't put the dagesh in the um um in in the uh in the the ayin, so in the ayin. So, it just Okay, it's my favorite It's my favorite thing is is compensatory lengthening.
So, it's just it's just fun to say, guys. You just You just say it. It's fun. So, um and I think that's I think that's it.
So, cool.
Unless you have anything else.
>> Um do do do do. No, I don't think so.
>> That was fun.
>> Well, um from the from his uh from his holy dwelling, the Greek has um his holy clouds.
>> [snorts] >> Oh, okay.
>> Yeah.
>> So, Jason is Is it cuz Jason is very upset. He says uh He says we should keep going. But, uh >> [laughter] >> It's uh We only have 5 minutes >> [clears throat] >> uh and I'm I'm getting hungry. So, >> [laughter] >> um And I >> a You got a hard stop.
>> I Yeah, for for tonight I uh I do. I went a little bit longer last week um cuz it was just me. So, that that makes a difference sometimes. But, um yeah, so that I think that's uh >> Here's a question. Did vav have a v and w sound in Biblical Hebrew or just the w?
>> Uh I think >> Cuz I've always heard that it was just w.
>> Just w. That's that one there, right?
Yeah.
Um I think Yeah, that's what I remember as well.
Um but that we all we all just we all just teach it with uh with the v sound.
Um in in large part because of like the the later rabbinic conventions and then modern reading and things like that.
>> Yeah, Jay says it was it was v by the Second Temple period.
>> Right. Yeah. So, um and I mean I To me, it's always the it That's that's always one of the dead ringers.
Uh the one of the dead ringer giveaways of of the guys who learned Hebrew in in seminary.
Are the ones who pronounce wa and tha.
>> [laughter] >> With the unpointed tav, right?
>> [laughter] >> Man, [clears throat] that is that is a heavy shellacking of of KJV tradition.
>> [laughter] >> There's a good paper by Jeffrey Khan about the evolution of vowel pronunciation. I'm sure there's something in I just I just acquired and never mind you how the whole um what is it? Encyclopedia of Hebrew language and linguistics.
>> Oh, my.
>> Yeah, all all the volumes. I'm going to have to go through there. I'm kind of disappointed cuz it's not very systematic. There's a there are a lot of things that are covered heavily regarding like modern Hebrew that is definitely a part of biblical Hebrew and like none of the papers cover uh those things in biblical Hebrew.
>> Yeah, of course. Why would they Why would they make it easy? So, I have a super chat here.
And oh, I had another one.
I'll I'll get to your super chat in a sec, Lawrence.
Select works of Cecil just wanted to shout out Robert Alter's Hebrew Bible translation because he points out so many interesting things about Hebrew sentence structure and wordplay, which he's a master at.
>> Yeah.
>> So good. But yeah, I agree.
>> Which is I would I I have his art of Bible translation where he kind of really lays on heavy how one how much you you have to kind of make clear your reliance on the King James Version and which I which I kind of frustrated with, but but two, he he really wants to to make clear that he wants to try to bring through as much of the Hebrew form and wordplay and and stuff like that as possible in the English, which is which is fine for a very literary translation that is intended for well-educated folks >> Yes.
>> who are going to be able to be like, "Ah, I see what you did there." cuz they already know they can already access the source text, but uh but for for many Bible translations, particularly for uh non-English languages where where people don't have that kind of education, that's not an incredibly helpful translation >> True. Yeah.
>> philosophy.
>> Absolutely. So, um so thank you, Lawrence, from uh from the Behold Network. Uh to both of you, on Saturday, uh Blasphemers' Bible is going to be covering Psalm 104, uh the hymn to the Aton one. Would be really cool to have you both there.
Um is that 9 uh 9 Pacific, I think, this Saturday, Lawrence?
I might be able to to pop in uh for that one.
But >> I'm going to be I'm going to be Rome-word bound um on I'm going to uh present an Enoch seminar.
>> Oh, yeah.
>> The uh non-Jerome meeting uh in Rome. And I I fly out Saturday.
>> Excellent. Wow.
>> Yeah. It's on It's on Christology. I'm very excited to to go stir the pot about Christology.
>> Yeah.
I'm I'm sure I I mean, I I always have a ton of friends uh at the Enoch seminar every every year. So, please uh send along my greetings.
>> Yeah.
>> And then there's a there's a couple of super stickers here from uh from your side from Whoops. Sorry about it.
>> Cool. So, uh thanks, everyone. Uh so, you're you're heading to Rome. Uh so, that's that's what you're doing.
>> Yeah.
>> Um Is it Is it in Rome?
>> It is in Rome. It's uh it's at a Oh gosh, what's the thing called? It's some kind of um and there's a special keynote Lawrence Duggan Brooke is giving some kind of keynote at the Pontifical Institute. So >> Okay.
>> So the that's part of the uh the conference but I think it's um the the meetings themselves unlike last year in Milan where it was um the venue was in the hotel that everybody was put up in. This year the hotel's a couple miles from the venue.
Um >> Oh.
>> Yeah, but it's at the Facoltà Valdese di Teo Teologia.
I'm and my Italian's awful. So the Valdesian Faculty of Theology.
>> All right.
Wow. Nitty says he expects epic YouTube shorts from Rome. [laughter] >> I every time I go somewhere I'm like I'm going to do some uh you know local uh cool lives or or videos or or something and I almost never find an opportunity to do it.
>> to it's hard to find figure it out, yeah.
>> But I would I would love to do something.
>> Have you ever have you ever heard um have you ever heard Lauren play the piano?
>> I haven't.
>> Duggan Brooke?
>> Is he good?
>> Is he good?
>> God.
>> Okay. [laughter] >> So good. So uh we had a we had we did a um this is a When was it? Probably 20 uh 2014 I think we did we there was a there was an event uh this was in Norway. It was actually at uh Martin Schoyen's home.
Um it had to do with the yeah with the with the with the the the the forgeries that the fragments and and Schoyen has like this this fabulous kind of incredible uh concert grand in his like in his receiving room where we were all and and Lauren just sat down. I'm just starting.
>> Just decided to hold court for a while.
>> It was crazy. He's so good. But yeah.
Uh cool. Well, thanks again, Dan, for coming out.
>> Yeah. So, coming up for me, I'm streaming tomorrow at 5:00 Eastern, 2:00 Pacific.
Visch is still away at I think I think she's I think you're in San Diego, aren't you, Visch? Um So, I >> Dallas >> Yeah. Um Ryan Kaltastic will be will be guest hosting once again. And my special guest is is paleontologist Doc Dino.
And we're going to be looking at dinosaurs in the Bible, which means, of course, we're looking at dinosaurs.
>> Yeah.
>> Absolutely. [laughter] So, and and a terrible terrible lecture from Jason Lyle, who doesn't know anything about dinosaurs or paleontology or the Bible. So, it's just we're just we're just going to take giant shits on this guy for a couple of [laughter] hours tomorrow.
So, that's it.
>> I don't think I know this guy, Jason Lyle.
>> Oh, he used to be at Answers in Genesis.
He's He's an astronomer, I believe, by training.
So, I think.
But he's just super obnoxious. He's one of the I mean, [laughter] they're all obnoxious. He's just really really obnoxious. So, come out tomorrow, everyone. That starts at 5:00 Eastern, 2:00 Pacific on this channel. And then on Saturday night, it's at 10:00 Eastern, 7:00 Pacific. I will be back with Niddy and Dr. Tapioca Weasel for another installment of Budge's Scripture Saturday, where we look at dumb Bible videos, usually featuring lots of bad AI. And and I usually drink more than I should. So, but that's a it's a good time. It's a fun show. And then I think Um yeah, I think that's it.
I haven't I don't have anybody lined up yet for next week. So, Cool.
Thanks for coming out, y'all. See how I did that?
>> Yeah.
>> Uh >> So smooth.
>> Awesome.
Very smooth. Excellent. All right. Uh thanks again, Dan.
>> Yeah, thank you. Appreciate it.
>> And everyone, as always, be good, stay safe, and hot take fire.
>> [music] [music] [music]
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