CN (computer network) unit -3 in one shot #oneshot #education #aktu #cn

Hinzugefügt: 2026-06-03

[00:00:00]Hello everyone welcome back to our channel. So We have previously discussed Unit One and Unit Two.

[00:00:04]Completed the computer network Very well. Ok? and you know it Our portion of CN is two each We are completing our purpose in this manner.

[00:00:13]In the first one we will have our entire theory portion.

[00:00:15]Ok? In which we will discuss the entire theory We will take a closer look at the units. Ok?

[00:00:18]Then comes our numerical Portion. I mean you on the 4th Your numerical portion is on the 4th It will come so that you can revise at the end point.

[00:00:27]I can do it. Ok? You know these notes?

[00:00:29]Our entire proprietorship is hand written. Correct Is? Nothing is left out in this.

[00:00:33]The complete details will be in the way and last In this, one note means one page of notes.

[00:00:37]Which means for your quick revision Look at this last page.

[00:00:41]Which is the fifth page. Ok? Look at you a Complete meaning of the entire unit in one page I have given you a summary because you are absolutely What do you do at the end point? quickly Revise what you have studied In this unit. Ok? Our notes too It is a complete mix of Hindi and English.

[00:00:56]So that if you are from English medium It doesn't matter if you read it from any medium.

[00:00:59]Fell. Ok? So we don't mess around much Do it and start your unit.

[00:01:03]What should you do? You subscribe to the channel So that you get updates from time to time And you will get such good notes.

[00:01:09]And it is not that I am the only one who will tell you the syllabus.

[00:01:11]Meaning, cover the semester exam.

[00:01:13]remained. Related to the rest of your development Coursers and many more things going on There is a channel on which you will see once Please subscribe. You get updates Will remain. Ok? So what is ours in this So, some of our topics in this unit are At Topic is the first point-to-point network Routing using logical addressing Routing is fine then your IP6 is fine IP version six this is the last topic okay and we have three important What are the important topics?

[00:01:37]Look what I do, everyone Unit means till now if you take the first second Have you read the unit? By me I mean my channel.

[00:01:42]If you have read it then you will know that I Three of a unit, which is the three most I am the one who has important questions I have always been giving. Ok? So What is the most important question in this also?

[00:01:51]Explain the working of IP ARP ARA RP. Ok? All these are good for you Have to explain from. Ok? and how do They support internetting in a packet packet Switch network. Ok? So a simple one There was a question which was worth seven marks in one Let's come to Max. Ok? Just like that This is your second question. And third Here you go. I have told you the syllabus Gave. If by chance some other university If anyone is watching the child, then once before You match the syllabus. See if you find it Otherwise you will send the video to someone else.

[00:02:21]And watch the lecture of. Ok? And see You know my notes very well.

[00:02:25]Will remain. So look at a few things that Yes, I am explaining it to you in advance.

[00:02:29]Like the notes, you might think that It's too small or you don't understand it.

[00:02:33]Came. But if you zoom in even slightly If it is on phone etc. then you can read it clearly.

[00:02:37]You can say yes, what is written in this.

[00:02:38]Ok? You can see the meaning in a very clear way You can. Because look at my little bit, There are hand written notes. I him I convert with AI because of which A little problem arises. Ok?

[00:02:47]Adjust the rest a little. If not notes It is absolutely perfect. Ok? And this guarantees that some theory outside of this Will not come. Ok? Meaning 14 and two 16 numbers If theory portion is coming then 16 marks are fixed Is. Forward to Numerical Numerical The lecture will come. Ok? So we our unit Let's start. First, understand our Look, what was our first unit?

[00:03:06]Was? It was the normal introduction part. But What was given in it? Physical layer. we said I knew there were seven layers in the OSI layer.

[00:03:11]Are. What is the first layer of this?

[00:03:13]Physical layer. So its first unit was formed.

[00:03:15]The second is the data link layer. his second Created a unit. Third, our network layer. So What will be the third unit? of the network layer Will read about it. Ok? Just like that, our The fourth is the transport layer. So in the fourth Let us learn about the transport layer. Correct Is? So in this way each unit has its own Different means one way. Ok? So we In this, I mean in Unit Three, from here we Meaning we read about the network layer.

[00:03:33]Are. Look what it is? What is this written?

[00:03:34]First look at the third layer of the OSI model It happens. What happens to the OSi model?

[00:03:38]The network layer is the third layer. I I already made this clear to you.

[00:03:42]that we have the third layer of the OSI model in this You will read it in detail in the unit. So you If you don't understand what the OSI model is Is? If you already skipped, check it out.

[00:03:50]Without reading Unit One you can go to Unit Four.

[00:03:52]Don't go to any unit. my brother-in-law You should not read any unit without reading Unit One.

[00:03:56]Go. Because this was the introduction part.

[00:03:58]It covers a lot of things. Who Further changes may occur in your units Also there. Ok? So we look at the first The topic is what is network layer? So this OSI OSI Layer Third Meaning Third Layer Is. What is its main work? Source Delivering the packet to the destination. Who There is small data like what does A do Look what our physical layer does.

[00:04:17]Is? Bit transmission means the signal which is convert it into zero one form Will give. Data Link Layer 1 means one He will give way, yes from here to here You have to go like this. will create the link. Ok?

[00:04:26]And what will the network layer do? different means one The route will decide which route means which packets from source to destination Will reach. Ok? Suppose from your home and when you go to school or college There are many paths. Ok? So It is not necessary that you will make all the same choices.

[00:04:41]You will make the choice that suits you the most.

[00:04:43]There were shortcuts. Ok? This is what our The main work is of the network layer and I Well explained in the same model Is. Ok?

[00:04:51]Look what happens in this? Look at the p What is a path from a path? Select In sectioning. Ok? PDO in this What happens? There are packets. Devices What are they? What will be the divide in this?

[00:05:02]Routers. Ok? routers that will be devices Meaning it will work as a device which allows root Will decide. Ok? Function of Network Layer. What is the function of the network layer?

[00:05:09]Same means what is the basic function? Route To disassemble. Just understand this simply that Delhi, If you want to go to Kanpur, Lucknow then decide the route Which means packet, which route will you take?

[00:05:18]Understood? Then comes logical addressing.

[00:05:20]Logical addressing means the name of each device.

[00:05:23]Each has its own unique IP address. Meaning There is a logical IPP address. Ok?

[00:05:27]It is a logical address. what do we call him Are? It is called IP address. Ok?

[00:05:31]For example, consider an IPP address as is given. of a device or The router could be anything. Correct Is? What does one do again and again?

[00:05:39]What will the function be? Packet forwarding again Internet working. We will study this further Well. This is what this means to us completely This is its function in the unit.

[00:05:48]We have to read whatever is there in the entire unit. First Look, our first one is point to point.

[00:05:51]network. Now look at point-to-point network Many children are confused. Triple P Whatever exam you may have given before What question was asked in that?

[00:05:58]What is Triple P? Ok? So what is in it Have you done it? What does many people mean maximum people?

[00:06:03]I have come here explaining this point two.

[00:06:05]Point Network. Ok? But not this It happens. This happens process to process.

[00:06:08]Look what has come here? Sorry point two Point protocol. This is point two Point protocol. Meaning triple P which would have been There is a protocol. Ok? And this is us What are you reading? point to point network I am reading. Ok? So the difference is you guys Note that in protocols and networks There is a huge difference. protocol You have your set of rules. network Firstly, a complete proper connection has been made. Correct Is? of devices. So what is the definition?

[00:06:28]When there are only two point-to-point networks The devices are directly connected and Let's communicate. Meaning when two devices means only Computer A Computer B means B What do we call those who communicate with each other?

[00:06:39]Will you say? It is called point to point network.

[00:06:41]Ok? Meaning between a sender and a receiver What will happen in me? one particular one fix Meaning a fixed route will be created between these two.

[00:06:46]Go. Ok? So we will do it point to point The network will say. Ok? what would happen in this Is? Direct communication would have been Is. Ok? Its character means What will be the characteristics? point two What are the characteristics of point networking?

[00:06:57]Will it be? Look, there will be a dedicated link, meaning one The dedicated route will be decided brother, you By doing this way, I mean this is the way If you want to go from A to B, this is the way I want it, it will be high speed, now watch it.

[00:07:07]You know that's the way I want it We have to catch it and you mean to us this is the way which is the smallest and can go from here to here what will you do if it is best for You will take this path only, okay, and then What is Easy Management? Easily Manage There's only one way you can do it, so I mean Even if the road gets broken, it can be easily repaired.

[00:07:24]can you manage What does less mean less congestion?

[00:07:28]Whatever the traffic, traffic does not mean sharing.

[00:07:31]it occurs. Ok? Understand traffic maximization Go. Brother, overall crowd will not come there. No Suppose there is a dedicated road, then only those will come who Those who are going to go that way, Pay traffic will not increase at all. So the traffic There is no need to share. Ok?

[00:07:43]Now you can understand this through an example.

[00:07:46]Like what is it? your telephone line Whatever happened earlier, the telephone in the old times There used to be a line, meaning from person A to person B.

[00:07:52]used to connect to. If you think this is normal So there are still hotels etc. if you If you ring the bell then you will come directly.

[00:07:58]If there is an attendant in your room, he How does he know that he knows that yes?

[00:08:02]What is a point to point? What is a proper Dedication means that brother, this is of this room.

[00:08:06]The guy is okay then comes the leased line okay It says companies dedicated Uses internet line. Then comes PPP connection point to point protocol There are uses. Ok? that this very way If you go from there will be space sept rule. This will happen.

[00:08:19]Ok? And then comes router to router Router to router connection means from one router The connection to the other router is fine.

[00:08:25]The advantage is simple and will be fast.

[00:08:27]Communication will be better security Reliable hoga easy trouble shooting hoga Suppose a problem arises on that path.

[00:08:32]So you know, yes, on this path.

[00:08:34]If there is a problem, you can easily fix it.

[00:08:35]You can, okay, so what does networking tell you?

[00:08:38]This is the basic way the computer will tell you from A In the middle of the computer B, okay, so simple.

[00:08:42]This was a small thing and I did not take much time.

[00:08:45]Okay, what will be the disadvantage?

[00:08:46]It will be expensive because there are only two devices.

[00:08:47]Assume that path between you and Only your one in the middle of your house If this is the only way then it will be very expensive brother Because he is being used by the same person. Correct Is? Then there is the scalability problem. Meaning There will be difficulty in adding new devices.

[00:08:58]Accept it from you, from you and your home means if a dedicated path in between Is. Ok? So accept that meaning and People mean a house and if they want to build it then it is very There will be a problem brother. because he is your There is only one way for it. Then comes the peacock Waxing. What will happen in this? Large Network I seem to have a lot of cables. mean value Suppose we want to build a low-large network.

[00:09:17]A large network has to be created. a very large To build a network. Suppose multiple The devices have to be connected. So now you Know that there is one for each device.

[00:09:22]Particular means fixed path. means from a This will also happen. This will also happen. Now you here If you want to go to this also then this should be Went. Now what do you say from here?

[00:09:31]Sorry if you have to go from here to here too.

[00:09:33]So a different route for this. Ok? Then its If you want to go from here then this is a different route.

[00:09:36]Meaning for everyone, meaning reaching every device There should be a particular way for this. Correct Is? So this is what networking means.

[00:09:41]Point to point networking. Now comes Triple P. Ok? You call it short form I can also say PPN. But such It doesn't happen. I am still telling you.

[00:09:48]If PPN is given then point to point Networking is done. gave me triple P Meaning point to point protocol. protocol Look at what is it? point to point Protocol. Data Link Layer means protocol What does it mean? Data Link Layer Protocol which is point to point communication It provides. means from one point to another What will he do between the points? Communication Will provide. How? A protocol means Through a set of rules and instructions.

[00:10:08]Ok? What will the feature be? to be authenticated Needed I mean, you understand that you This is your home and these are your friends.

[00:10:15]This is your friend's house. and in the middle of it Whichever way is right? What is that thing?

[00:10:20]Meaning it is connected to a gate. means a gate that brother if I open it then I Just understand the meaning of your friend that Only people from your family go that way.

[00:10:27]Can go. So this authentication means a The rule tells me that only authorized users of the brother Just use it and then detect the error.

[00:10:34]Is. It will detect any error that occurs.

[00:10:36]Ok? That means brother, if you accept it by chance If any error occurs on that path then he To detect that brother, yes this is the thing Any unauthorized user is entering, whether Someone is breaking the road, someone is breaking the door If this error occurs then what will the multi do?

[00:10:47]Supports multiple protocols such as IP IP version four and IP version six What it does is it supports what we're going to do next.

[00:10:53]We will increase, okay, then ours has come, meaning What will Dynamic IP Assistant mean?

[00:10:59]What will happen in Dynamic IP Assistant IP will be automatically assigned.

[00:11:03]Meaning what will it do immediately, automatically?

[00:11:04]will assign the IP which is ok Now the format of the frame of Triple P They happen, see, I have explained it in detail.

[00:11:12]I have taken it because once you This time the act has come in the exam There was an exam in which triple means point two The point protocol has already arrived.

[00:11:19]okay so if I don't want to Bhai, by chance, look again, question repeat.

[00:11:23]The chances of this happening are very low. But Who knows, one's brother might pick up the same paper and then Give it to me, what will you take away, that's the only thing Isn't it that everything is covered well?

[00:11:32]Should be. Ok? So now understand this One frame means one frame of triple P What is the format of a flag in it?

[00:11:38]okay the address of one bit will be one Look, our three things are okay, There are three things to understand: flag address and Control means what the flag says frame Starts and means flag tells that brother Whatever meaning of data you see, whatever process it takes Process communication is taking place which is data Where does it start and where does it end?

[00:11:57]It is happening, meaning the flag has been given the address.

[00:11:58]Meaning what will be the address of the receiver which The receiver is taking his address to be on you should value that process process sorry point point at which communication is taking place There will be one receiver and one sender and one receiver If so, what will we do here? Address I will put the address of the receiver which will send the data has to go to the receiver and then control comes back What does the control do? Frame Control Information Meaning what controls the frame Make sure that you don't use too much data brother.

[00:12:19]Now I agree that I should not go or reach there in the wrong way.

[00:12:21]Look, the time has already begun and ended here.

[00:12:23]Still data is being sent then protocol It is okay to show which protocol will be used.

[00:12:27]It will be of two bites, meaning you You don't need to remember the bytes, just one Format Basic Sa Remember that F flag There will be address, there will be control, There will be protocols, there will be data, there will be an FSC It will happen, then there will be a flag. FFC mean error It is used for checking. Ok? These FSC etc. whatever terms will come next, you can do it now You will get a lot of these terms.

[00:12:44]Ok? So these were some of the things that it meant I had the formats of your Triple P.

[00:12:48]Hope you are doing well, so I am doing well I have explained it. If you don't understand, look at You zoom in a little bit. You are by yourself once Read the notes and follow my video.

[00:12:55]Look at it. Then you will understand it well.

[00:12:58]And the link to the notes is what you mean.

[00:13:00]You will find it in the description. You can also send a message to Telegram Go and join the channel for free Download it. I see a lot of things there I keep updating from time to time. Correct Is? As soon as the exam got cancelled, I Timely updated that your exam here Whatever it is, the paper has been leaked and that can happen.

[00:13:12]That it should be cancelled. Ok? So a lot of things It keeps coming. You are joyful in it. means your Look, the next topic will be mine, accept it now.

[00:13:18]It's about to be a holiday. All colleges closed Will remain. So make your resume in it.

[00:13:22]How to develop a screw? so in that Proper will run its own course. Ok? I I will try that data analytics in it Should I teach? Ok? A DK means data I will tell you the complete proper course of Analytics.

[00:13:30]what things to learn here, how Must be. Ok? So that is a different thing.

[00:13:34]Ok? We don't even go into that. We are now We stay on course. Our next topic What comes? Logical address. Now look What does a logical address say? Network Layer But every device is given a unique address.

[00:13:45]It is called logical address. Ok?

[00:13:50]Logical address is also called IPP address.

[00:13:52]You can speak. You can call a logical address an IP address.

[00:13:54]You can also tell the address. Ok?

[00:13:58]And look, basically we have only two Type of logical meaning which is your basic It happens that there are mainly two types.

[00:14:05]There is an IP version Pro and understand its meaning.

[00:14:08]IP stands for Internet Protocol.

[00:14:09]Ok? What is the full form of IP?

[00:14:11]Internet Protocol. So we'll read a four.

[00:14:13]Which is first, then after that six is ​​running now.

[00:14:15]Used to be. Ok? So let's read logically.

[00:14:17]In addressing. So understand that means basic Which is every single device in the network, right?

[00:14:20]A logical address. Meaning, assume that the system to know that yes this monitor here sorry this If the printer is installed here, then its address Do you know. Ok? Then look at our Why was there a need? Why did it become logical?

[00:14:29]To the address? Let's say the physical address is MAC.

[00:14:31]They say the address. What do you say? Physical Every device has an address. Her Mac The address only works on the local network.

[00:14:38]Is. What will the MAC address do? Only local Will work in the network. On the Internet IPP address is required for communication.

[00:14:43]Meaning, address is required. Now on the internet If we want to communicate then IPP address Needed Suppose my device is The IP address will be something. Ok? So the one who There will be a signal, that is, from the tower.

[00:14:52]Will be connected. So brother, know that tower It used to be that yes, this brother, this guy is This device means this phone, look at the phone which Calling is how it works. Your Look at what it does through the IPP address.

[00:15:01]Your eye, assume this is a tower. we here Let's see there is a tower. Ok? and this What did you do? Called. So how is the phone Will it take? Suppose the phone number is yours.

[00:15:09]It will be a unique number. Ok? They What will be the unique number? one of the towers The data will be fetched. What happens from there No? Your IPP address is checked.

[00:15:16]Yes, this is the person with this IPP address.

[00:15:18]There is a number. Ok? So what does the tower do?

[00:15:20]It connects you. Ok? So IPP Address plays a very important role. See The physical address is called MAC.

[00:15:25]They say the address. Suppose it's my phone It had a physical address. Whether it's a mouse So its physical or logical address It did not happen. So the physical address is Where does it come in handy? Local network only.

[00:15:33]Like just in your immediate area.

[00:15:35]I mean, around your house.

[00:15:36]There is Wi-Fi and so on. local area You can say the network is of mobile.

[00:15:40]The network will be useful in that. Now look, it comes again IP is for communication over the Internet The address given is used to use WhatsApp etc. Yes, for example, if you have a laptop also Connected to router then internet then router then laptop B which is connected so this How to use an IPP address Each router is getting an IP address It will be fine, it will also have an IPP address.

[00:15:57]If it also has an IPP address, then from whom will it be The communication is an IP to IP address, okay?

[00:16:01]We have two types of IP.

[00:16:02]version four is okay and an IP version six We will study both of them in detail.

[00:16:07]See what the Internet Protocol version says.

[00:16:09]Its IP full form is Internet.

[00:16:11]protocol version four so the first version Come, what happens in this, it is the fourth Understand the meaning of version of Internet Protocol The fourth version was used to Identify Device in which we can identify the device Look, first we meant this was the fourth part.

[00:16:23]In which we have told that brother, the device It will have an IP address, it is mostly Widely used logical addressing in older This used to happen in time, why are you telling me?

[00:16:32]Look what's in it, what do we do third?

[00:16:35]Let's understand what the four bits mean in this.

[00:16:38]No, let us look at the size of the data.

[00:16:40]Yes, how is its format? 190 to 160 This format will remain. So look, if you pay attention If you look at it, how many pairs is it divided into? Four It is divided into parts. There are four dots.

[00:16:49]Can you see it? This is a dot, that is, a box contains one bit. a bit mean It remains like this. Look at the binary format.

[00:16:55]Written in binary format, one by one Bit. So this is a bit. eight bytes What does this do to? Meaning it will cover it.

[00:17:03]Ok? So when it covers 8 bytes So we put 2 to the power of 32.

[00:17:08]What will happen with this? So the address we get How many addresses will we have? So if We put 2 to the power 32, so 4.3 billion.

[00:17:14]The addresses come. Ok? Approximately 4.3 If you look at the address, you will understand today's billion.

[00:17:19]How many devices are there in the world? How many Everything has increased. Accordingly, this It is not sufficient. It's becoming too much Is. Do you understand? At present time, a lot There are too many addresses. Have many devices Went. So this was not sufficient. So we IP Version Six Specific. Ok? So now Look what was there in IP version four at that time?

[00:17:33]There were classes.

[00:17:36]What classes were there? It had your IP version means Class A Class B Class C Class D means that the Class A is what was there in the earlier one, meaning It is a process of finding unique IPPs Address means what basic used to do unique To find the address IPP address we For example, take it as an example What is an IP address? Unique IP Address is in it class A which was used For means we use the basic class A.

[00:17:59]When will we do it when we have a large network of B?

[00:18:02]When will we use it when we have the medium Small multicasting and this for research Meaning all these classes are IP versions.

[00:18:08]4 and these are some of its uses. Ok? So This is a simple thing, I told you.

[00:18:14]And look, this IP means the classes, Your normal eye means they will come here also.

[00:18:19]If you look, IP version also comes in six.

[00:18:21]Are. Ok? Now understand IP IP version four What was the structure of it? First networks I had given the ID. Then a host ID is given.

[00:18:27]Was.

[00:18:29]Like first one will be your network ID.

[00:18:32]Please understand. Will give a network ID. As An address is a host ID on a network. That Which host is it? Ok? network ID What basically happened? It will be 8 bits.

[00:18:39]Meaning different for different classes.

[00:18:41]Bit bit means used. Ok? So this Separate means a very large portion. which I give you The numerical value of its IP also comes.

[00:18:48]Look at that, this is its numerical portion. Who If I do numerical then I will do it better.

[00:18:52]I will explain. Ok? like example I have given this for this, this is your IP. And This is the Internet port and the host's network port This was the portion. Host had 10. Ok? So In the network ID you enter this Give. Put this in the host section. Both Combine the two and the IP address will be created. Then [nasal sound] Our IP Version six means Internet Protocol version Six. So what was in it?

[00:19:13]Sorry, what was there in this? Internet What happened in protocol version six?

[00:19:17]What did we do when we had more devices?

[00:19:19]Did? Enhanced version. When the version was increased So what we used to do in this was that the devices It is for the one who can make a group of 8-8 bits.

[00:19:26]You were there, right? Now what do we do with it? 16 In the form of bits, that is, whatever you see above These are the 8-bit groupings.

[00:19:32]Look, you will see this, I mean this was 8 bit.

[00:19:35]One was 8-bit, now in this one We did the grouping, we did it in basic kisses 161 When it was done in 16 bit, the reason for that What happened to the addresses that were 2 powers?

[00:19:46]Look, it is over 128 bits, understand the meaning if What do you get if you add 16 four times?

[00:19:52]32 64 and 128 means if you add them like this it becomes 128 Ok Now when 128 is 2 to the power 128, what is it?

[00:20:01]bro, you can do this Infinite address has been created, okay, consider it like this What if we become infinite addresses?

[00:20:08]What did you do at that time that IP version six I started using this, it is the latest version.

[00:20:13]What does its structure say? Simple in that Understand that in IP version six, this means so much Hexadecimal means group of The hexadecimal number that represents by column okay its what header The format is coming soon, wait a minute.

[00:20:26]No, I have taken the format of the header as No. The format of the header in this is Your last header format is a seconds Let's look at IP version six, which is the header.

[00:20:37]Look, this is the format, I have taken it here.

[00:20:40]Is. Ok? Showing both points in this I will give you once again I will explain it, there is no problem in that.

[00:20:44]Ok?

[00:20:46]So it was simple [laughs]. Then comes Public and private IP addresses. Public IP address means visual IP on the Internet I mean, whatever you see on the internet We talk about public IP address. See Sorry IPP address type now how many types There is unique casting meaning one center and one receiver will be his unit Casting will say broadcast means one The center should have an IP address and multiple Multicasting is the IP address of the receiver You already know that mulcasting means a Cast and multiple people means like me I'm sending it and the rest are watching Annie Casting means anyone can see it brother nearby OK on the device OK remotely from anywhere So all these things which were there, two or three, IP The address I typed is fine.

[00:21:22]And now look, this is yours, just one second.

[00:21:26]Let me erase it a little bit no you get a second yes Ok Then comes our public and private end.

[00:21:39]Private IP address. Now the public understands the meaning Go for something the public can see and private means The IP address which is public means which only Meaning normal people watch it. Then comes subnet mask. What does a subnet mask do?

[00:21:48]Meaning of host on network and host on host Understand the meaning of use to identify Meaning of network and host parts It is used to identify. Correct Is? IP address basically means You mean IPP address, give me some meaning.

[00:22:04]Then it will give the subnet mask of a network I will give it. Ok? So he does it like this and gives it to me.

[00:22:08]If I tell you what I mean, then this What do we mean by things?

[00:22:14]A [throat clearing sound] numerical Whatever is there in the portion will be covered. Ok? A The one with your subnet mask is Proper numerical comes. very well We will explain. will see him mean In its numerical portion. Ok? And Then our difference between physical and You can check the logical address. Data Link It happens on the layer. physical address logical Addressing is done at the network layer. These 48 bits or 32 bits. So this is a normal thing.

[00:22:35]Ok? Then comes our Basic internet working and look at this Topics are IP C CIDS Meaning There are four or five topics which we should know well.

[00:22:45]Have to explain. This question comes How is it direct? Look at Basic Internet What is working? when two or more Data by connecting more different networks Internetting is when communication is done We do. Understand the meaning of two or different from two When we communicate using the network So we have internet working there. Now Understand two or more networks If he comes there then it is obvious that Internet is working. Like Router One The network is connected to A. from network B is also connected. By doing this. Ok?

[00:23:11]What will be the devices for internet working?

[00:23:13]The router will be done. There will be gateways.

[00:23:16]Write as many of these as you in the protocol All these protocols have been implemented.

[00:23:20]Okay, what is the structure of the Internet?

[00:23:22]Understand that there will be an internet network on it.

[00:23:24]If you are connected then simple internet access There is a structure in it, look at the first one There was a portion, it was a little explainable now.

[00:23:30]There's nothing so explainable here.

[00:23:32]Its format is a simple format which You can see then there was Internet Protocol IP address I will tell you very well I have explained it, okay again.

[00:23:39]But let me erase it for a minute.

[00:23:42][throat clearing sound] [coughing sound] Sorry, look, IP address less means internet.

[00:23:46]What is protocol? IP is a connection less Best Effort Protocol is the data source Meaning IP is not Internet Protocol.

[00:23:53]Is? Basically what it does is it tells How is the data reaching the source? Ok?

[00:23:57]An address will tell you how to go. Correct Is? What is the feature? Connectionless Protocol He is the same. Best Effect Delivery Logical Provides address used in data Data Village Services. Meaning when we use UDP And when TDP reads the unit form It is used in that. Ok? Its IP We read two addresses. one IP address How many IP4 and IP6 can you explain this?

[00:24:17]Do it. It is of 32 bits. These 128 It is of bits. Ok? See also IP packets What is the format of? I mean, I did version four.

[00:24:23]I have created the format of the packet here. These Look, I won't explain anything in this.

[00:24:27]I will take it. No matter how much I strangle you [nasal sound] You're in it Not going to understand anything. you remember this I will have to, brother. Ok? So look at this one It will be a version. There will be an IHL. Ok?

[00:24:37]Then the type of service that is being provided. Then Gives a total length. Ok? Then In this we come to identification. Then the flag Where do you use it from? From the source To the destination. then for fragment We do. Then we check the headers. Any The error is not coming. Then the protocol They impose protocols. Then Time To Live Meaning when to leave. IP address of the source Will give. Then there is no option for destination.

[00:24:56]Will give. Then we will do the padding. means with him Any data needs to be added. Then I will give you the data.

[00:25:00]Ok? I've already told you the IP address type.

[00:25:02]Am. Unicasting, Broadcast, Multiple I have told you about multicasting above.

[00:25:05]I have explained it. Ok? Then our CIDR stands for Classless Inter Domain Routing. What is? classless inter domain What does routing say? understand What does this say? One of the Most Effective What is the meaning of effect? One of the most effective IP addressing allocation is done so that The wastage should be reduced. What will he do first?

[00:25:25]First IP address means over divided into Classes. What does this do? First IP What will happen to the address? of its length Accordingly, it will be divided into classes.

[00:25:32]Ok?

[00:25:34]So that whatever this means, whatever is your wastage It should reduce. What happens in this, right? One us Let's use a slash. Ok? What we What do you say? Note one is a slash I mean, you can call this back slash Let's say notation. Ok? So when it is used If we do, what do we call it? Slash It is said that using which we take classes Let's divide it. Look at one The addressing method that provides IPP addresses Used with variable length subnet masks Is. Meaning, the subnet mask is what it is.

[00:26:00]We use this. Ok?

[00:26:03]Then See what is the purpose of IP address?

[00:26:09]Managing space effectively means Reducing routing size, aggregation Summarizing routing. Ok? So this Something beyond its normal meaning is your purpose.

[00:26:19]You might be seeing it. For its notation We put a slash. IP address Let's put a slash next to it. Ok? So this Like let's say slash 8, okay? So 8 bit The notation will be. slash 16 this 16 bit slash 24 Slush 13 Meaning this is yours, please understand Neither will a submit mask be given 05 this means For example, if we have three zeros.

[00:26:37]Ok? Here, it means three zeros after the point.

[00:26:39]Meaning it is class A. Two zeros mean class B.

[00:26:41]Class C, Class D, doing this means that as many There will be as many classes as there are zeros. which I I will tell you the numerical portion.

[00:26:48]Absolutely, you guys, don't worry, brother.

[00:26:49]What are you blabbering about, what are you saying? Correct That I don't understand I What should I do? Ok? So you are just in it Don't think so much. Just understand it simply that What do we do with this back slash?

[00:26:59]Are? let's find. Ok? which one Which class does the range fall into? Ok?

[00:27:04]Look, I am not saying that brother, you should You will understand. Ok? See All Subnets Subnetting means dividing large networks Into small parts. I mean, we're very big There is a network. into small parts which What we divide is called a subnet.

[00:27:14]This zero that is coming, it means three zeros.

[00:27:16]Class A Class B Class C and this one back The slash is being applied, this will make it clear Is. We don't have to write that it's so big Wrote it down. Just the slash means at next There will be a class only. So to explain this simply That's just the way. Ok?

[00:27:28]Then comes our AR I ARP address Resolution Protocol Meaning Sorry What does this do, which is an IPP address?

[00:27:40]What does a logical address mean for an IP address?

[00:27:43]What does the IP address say?

[00:27:44]bro give me the MAC address ok It is simple, what is its work, is it working?

[00:27:48]Computer network means IP address.

[00:27:50]If he says no, brother, I need someone else.

[00:27:51]I mean the device address.

[00:27:53]If you want to tell me what he is doing, MAC address Meaning a protocol that uses IPP addresses Converts to MAC address Meaning Suppose I want to know what my What is the MAC address of the printer?

[00:28:03]I will say that brother you give me your IPP Give the address as it will give the IP address So from whom will I get it converted?

[00:28:08]ARQ stands for Address Resolution Protocol From that brother what will be its MAC address? Correct Is? What does working do? Coast your MAC of any IP address in the local network ARQ request to find out the address Broadcasts. Meaning ARQ will broadcast the request that brother I mean the MAC address of the printer.

[00:28:25]Have to find out. whose IP address matches That is ARQ request, I mean, accept it.

[00:28:28]What did I do? I said that the brother whose Those whose name starts with S, raise your hands. Ok? So All the students I have will be s Raise your hands from the rear Will give. Ok? So I found out that yes There were six children with name S. Ok? Simple Understand this. I would just say that you accept it How many children with the name Vishal are in the class?

[00:28:45]In? So there was a boy named Vishal. He I raised my hand and said yes my name is Vishal.

[00:28:48]Is. Now I need information that Vishal's house Where from? So I will say it directly.

[00:28:52]I don't know where his house is. So I I will tell you how many people have the name Vishal. So IP address means understand that the name is Vishal Name. Now as Vishal raised his hand He will say, yes sir, I am from here. I I am from Patna. Even though I am from Bihar. Ok?

[00:29:02]This means it is simple one IP to MAC Address conversion. Ok? You header Whether you read the format or not is up to you.

[00:29:09]There is no problem. So much for you in detail No need to go. If you want to read, read You can. It depends on you. Correct Is? Then comes our R ARP meaning Reserved Address Resolution Protocol. Now What does it do? This simple will reverse it.

[00:29:20]Look, this is what the Address Resolution Protocol does.

[00:29:23]what are you doing? reverse reverse tax Will give. Meaning we know the MAC address.

[00:29:27]We know that yes brother, Muzaffar's The boy from Muzaffarpur means the one from Bihar The boy is huge. Now in my class There is only one boy named Vishal. Ok? So I would say that all the boys from Bihar Raise that hand. So who will raise their hand?

[00:29:38]Vishal will erect it. I will ask brother What is your name? He said my name It is huge. So what I found out here was that I knew the MAC address from it. from him to me What did you find out? His IPP address was found out.

[00:29:47]Ok? Then comes our DACP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Now What does this say?

[00:29:55]This is what automates, meaning it's a protocol.

[00:29:57]Which automatically allows devices on the network to access IPP Address and configuration details provided Does. I mean, what do we do first?

[00:30:04]Were you living? IPP was giving the address that yes You will get this IPP address, you will get this later.

[00:30:07]What will this do to everyone, I mean IPP?

[00:30:10]The address is automatically assigned Will give. Ok? Whatever device it What is the process? Discover will. Client The client sends a Discover message to the server.

[00:30:18]The offer server will offer available IPP addresses.

[00:30:20]Suppose I have six IPP addresses.

[00:30:22]I will do this to the printer, this to the mouse After doing OK, then request client IPP Will request address then acknowledgement It will happen, the server will acknowledge it, okay?

[00:30:29]This is its basic format, you have to read it.

[00:30:31]Read it or else the rest is up to you brother.

[00:30:33]I don't want to waste time, look.

[00:30:36]Now understand what I am saying, what happens when Questions come up, doesn't it mean that you Now it depends on what you do Are you doing it or not, now accept this question.

[00:30:44]I told him that brother, you explain what IPC is I mean, you know how he gives it away.

[00:30:48]Explain this following point one to two like this He will give three and four. Now how do you do this Explain? Now it depends on you.

[00:30:56]Now this is four points, so this means this is the maximum.

[00:30:57]Two pages will go by. Ok?

[00:30:59][sound of clearing throat] If you two pages If you are writing then you should see this in it now.

[00:31:03]Here is the boy in front of you. Ok?

[00:31:05]It is not enough that the copies become successful.

[00:31:06]Must be. You have maximum chances According to the boy in front, your There will be a revolution. Now the boy in front What did you do? This was the format of the message.

[00:31:13]He made it and you didn't. So What will the teacher do? according to the same Will start marking. respect for other children Look, I have given it along with me. and next He will see the copy and see that brother, he has used this format.

[00:31:22]It has not been made. So now the next kids What will he do? He will give five marks. so such The numbering is less. Ok? so one There is a way. Now, a little request for the rest of you.

[00:31:30]Meaning, at least this much example was shown.

[00:31:32]You can brother. Why and how to send a request The broadcast is going on. Ok? This is you Make it yourself, friend. So much means so much I haven't increased the bad. Ok? Then Ours comes What else do we have? ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol means ICMP.

[00:31:48]IP is used with the meaning that error Meaning error reports and network diagnostics Messages come for this, understand that the address Yes, assume there's an error with this IP address.

[00:31:58]Your printer is not working So what will that do, Internet Control Message?

[00:32:01]He will send it through protocol that yes brother, inside me If you encounter an error, please fix it.

[00:32:04]Its work was simple, which I explained to you.

[00:32:06]Diya, now the important topic comes, does it Our routing is fine, then comes Forwarding and Delivering then Static and Dynamic routing. Ok? Now this is complete There is a unit. I mean, this whole page is what I Look, the unit is divided into four portions.

[00:32:18]Out of which it is fixed that three questions You will get them. Each means each page At least four pages have to be read. you four Read the page and go away. 100% yours 14 The number is in your hands. Ok? Now Understand routing. What is? In routing Process in which routers are available network based on some information packets by selecting the best path Will deliver to the destination. accept our Near There was Network A, there was Network D. Ok?

[00:32:42]We have to get from A to D. So net means Understand that there is one router, two routers, three routers. Three There are routers.

[00:32:49]Sorry, this was the only option we had. Ok?

[00:32:53]Then what are we getting into? One way for us It is coming closer. Ok?

[00:32:57]And another way is coming, right? assume two Two ways. Ok? Now you get to know That's what the routing is saying, right?

[00:33:03]What is helping? you know that From Network A to Network B, who is your best choice?

[00:33:07]You will go there by the way. which way Is it best for you? What will he do?

[00:33:11]The routing will tell you. Ok? So routing What is the basic work of? What is? way Narrate. What is this? Do you understand the meaning In a way, I understand what you mean. A Helps like a guide that brother, which You will go by the way. Ok? So give it two There are types. It is static.

[00:33:26]Dynamic routing is what your It is written here and it became static and Where is the sorry and dynamic one? Dynamic There are two types of routing. You mean this Understand that the entire page is for you whenever routing If you ask, you mean one, two, three, four.

[00:33:41]Five topic routing mein tumko explan Not so detailed but at least There should be a point. Please write the routing What is diya? Ok? of routing Made the table. This was the destination. Next Next means hopes are these. interface these Are. These are the matrices. You make this now Whether you want to make it or not, there is no problem.

[00:33:56]What does forwarding mean?

[00:34:00]packets from one router to another Keep sending until the destination is found.

[00:34:05]Ok? What do we do? from a packet Meaning from here to here means we are direct Will keep sending until we get what?

[00:34:11]Destination means our final destination There is a way that I may not find it. Ok? this we It is called forwarding. Meaning, explain it simply.

[00:34:17]one minute sorry that means starting Keep conveying the meaning till the end. Let's go to a local This is a process in which we connect our routers packets based on the routing table Next Hope Meaning Next Hope Meaning Understand Go. Meaning until the next router or destination Keep moving in this direction. Ok? one by one you Keep forwarding. What does the delivery say?

[00:34:34]Delivery is the final process in which the packet The destination host must be reached.

[00:34:38]Meaning delivery means understand that it will come to you.

[00:34:41]Data and forwarding means one by one.

[00:34:43]For example, suppose you order food and What will happen first? Select the best path will be. Suppose this was a hotel and from here you yes. So what if you ordered from an SG?

[00:34:50]will be? You will find the best path to your home.

[00:34:52]Came. Ok? Now what will happen in that?

[00:34:55]What did the routing do? Told me the way. Now What happened to him? who was a food delivery person He picked up the food and the restaurant owner Gave it to the food delivery cow. Ok? They What did he do? Picked up the parcel. picking up the parcel That he is bringing it to you now. Correct Is? What did he do? Must have picked it up. then the bag Must have put it in. Then when I started the bike, it Forwarding is in progress. every single step It is being forwarded. Then you come last If you are there then what is happening to you?

[00:35:15]It is being delivered. Ok? of delivering There are two cases. Destination Same Network I am in. Destination which is different network I am in. Meaning, you are who you are, you are in your place.

[00:35:24]Or did you order it for your friend?

[00:35:25]yes. Ok? So these two ways mean it Delivering means there will be two ways.

[00:35:30]Meaning the router uses ARP to identify the destination.

[00:35:33]Finds the MAC address. Ok? And here Pay means it can be known through basic IP address goes. Ok? Now comes our type on Meaning what is static routing?

[00:35:41]In static routing, the router is manually Same goes for configuration. These routings Till then the meaning does not change until the ad Understand the meaning of static routing, we first I will tell you that brother, this is my house. These It's your house. And from our house This is your only way. One more minute There is a B path. I will say that brother A You will always be with the one with B, not the one with A.

[00:36:01]Have to use it. Are you always this way?

[00:36:03]Use it. means static means fixed Give. Ok? What will be the feature brother?

[00:36:07]That will be fast. It will be simple. Easy It will be implemented. Suitable for small It will be good for the network. No Extras There will be bandwidth. means extra bandwidth It won't work. Does not scale in large networks.

[00:36:16]Meaning it will be scalable in large networks.

[00:36:19][sound of clearing throat] means scalable Will not done. For large networks. Now this If you want to increase it, you will face a lot of difficulty in increasing it.

[00:36:23]Will go. Ok? So simple it was dynamic Routing means the same thing, that is, it means automatic.

[00:36:29]The selection is done. Dynamic Routing The router will automatically decide the route.

[00:36:32]Suppose I said, brother, this is my house.

[00:36:34]And this is your house, this is my house and There are three ways to get there from here. Correct Is? So what's going on in this? Three Ashia Okay, like this. Ok? It's a complete mix up.

[00:36:44]What did you do? And he said, brother, one thing to do.

[00:36:46]Do you tell your friend to come to my house?

[00:36:48]Go. What did he do? from the first start So he took this path, this one. Then What did you do? looking from here The path is getting merged. what did he Did? He said, let's go, the road ahead is crowded.

[00:36:57]Is. I am grabbing this. What from here Did? I came straight to your house. So it means It depends on which path he takes.

[00:37:01]Wants to take it. Ok? Now static and Dynamic if you want to see a comparison This happens manually and this happens automatically.

[00:37:07]Is. Ok? Route that will be updated manually will be. This will also be automatic. Scale means this Will not be scalable. Cannot increase.

[00:37:13]Static routing means you fix the route.

[00:37:15]If you have already done it then how will it increase? It will not increase.

[00:37:17]While also highly scalable in dynamic will be. You can increase it. Ok? None of this Extra usage bandwidth will not come. In this Extra will come brother. Ok? So this There were a few things. Read this by yourself Take.

[00:37:28]What do we have now? routing key There are algorithms. Ok? and routing The algorithms are important.

[00:37:34]Look, we have divided routing into three types.

[00:37:36]Will classify. Ok? And look, yes, this last one second See Routing Algorithm Meaning of Routing An algorithm is a method that finds the best path.

[00:37:46]Helps in selecting. Meaning Suppose we have multiple paths but How will the routing happen? routing section How it will happen? So for that we use algorithm We do. Ok? And numerical in this too Yes brother. Now I will tell you that later.

[00:37:55]Ok? That is in the numerical portion only.

[00:37:57]We will see. Now question means normal thing Let's see. So in this we have two types of our Routing algorithms come close. We are the two I will study the basics. One is adaptive and one is It means sorry, one is non-adaptive Which is called static. There happens to be one Adaptive Adapt Static means understand time Do not adopt the path according to doing. His fix is ​​staying put. Ok?

[00:38:15]Let me drink some water one second.

[00:38:20]Whether the topology of the network changes or not.

[00:38:23]The router table does not change. Understand this meaning What will happen, we already have it in static Will fix it. Meaning of the current network According to your path means understand adaptive What would routing mean? Sorry non-adaptive What would routing mean? static routing Source Destination B Path which is fixed Simple dynamic means adaptive as per the name itself Understand that adaptive means according to time Changes are happening, adapt them.

[00:38:45]The path from source to destination There will be no fix. Ok? these two You read it. Now it comes to us in In adaptive, you have two or three types.

[00:38:54]Is. Ok? And [nasal sound] Look, I didn't pay much attention to it.

[00:38:58]Ok? Then comes a determining one. Meaning Same input will always give the same output.

[00:39:02]This is deterministic. Ok? Then Yours comes Randomize means best path random value Will select. Then comes the centralized one Selecting the central node network. Then It comes distributed. Meaning, every route What would be a possible meaning for you?

[00:39:16]In distributor, every meaning is yours He takes the decision himself. means distributor Meaning each one will have its own router.

[00:39:22]Will take the decision. That will be free. Ok?

[00:39:24]Centralized means a central network He decides what will happen. These are some of the things That was what I told you. Meaning it is simple Was. When the routing algorithm asks, it Create a table and write its algorithm And describe it and come back. Ok?

[00:39:35]Then comes the routing protocols. Meaning These are the rules through which routers can Information exchange with others. Now respect If you are sending low information from here to here There should be a rule that brother, if I I am sending you data, so you can also send me some Will give. Ok? Whether I am sending data So there should be no leaks anywhere. Ok? So What can this mean to him?

[00:39:55]Routing Protocols Meaning Look, three two three is the distance vector.

[00:39:59]Routing Protocol Link Static Routing Path Vector Routing Protocol in What is important is the distance vector Routing Protocol Meaning Router Distance Meaning cost and meaning direction should be next Meaning the direction will see which one is next The router shares what else it will do Periodically complete routing table and route Meaning he keeps sending to his brother It would be better to tell your neighbor that yes Brother, I am going from here to here. Ok?

[00:40:24]For example, RIP to all those who are with us.

[00:40:27]Whatever it is, we will read it further. just now so much Meaning you guys don't worry that this is happening a lot.

[00:40:31]There is something. Ok? Then we come to the link What is static routing? Routing The status of your link means everything from cost Tells the router what the shortest path is.

[00:40:39]Which one is it? Ok? Then comes the path vector Routing. Meaning this AS autonomous system level It is based on. Meaning of complete path ination shares. This entire information share Will do it. Ok? Now a comparison table I have told you. Distance Vector Link Step So Read this yourself, friend. I am in this I don't want to tell it again and again. Ok?

[00:40:56]Because it will be a very big video and this The last topic is going on. Look at the routing I explained this and two or three more things.

[00:41:01]I told you. Now understand what is in it There is a Disgusta algorithm, isn't it?

[00:41:05]Must have read it. Ok? and one more of yours Meaning, it has two or three numerical types.

[00:41:09]Are. and Optimal Path Principle algorithm Digesta algorithm. So what will I do Nor you?

[00:41:17]Sorry, this is what I am, all these things I will make you a numerical portion I will add all the things in it very well.

[00:41:23]I will do it. Ok? What is a disaster algorithm?

[00:41:25]It happens? Ok? What is flooding?

[00:41:27]What is distance vector routing? Now I I told you it is distance vector routing. So You are understanding this very simply.

[00:41:32]Finding the Cost and Duration of Your Next Hope Is. Brother, its numerical. Once upon a time a He has already asked 2000 maybe 2300 in this. Correct Is? in which every complete distance vector You will make it. You make a table and take it out. This is very This is a good topic which I will explain to you further.

[00:41:44]Which is the numerical portion. Ok? Then Ours comes qgation control algorithm. Ok? In this What do you say? When there is more network There is traffic. Meaning when and router Congestion if unable to handle packets Understand the meaning, it means crowdedness. This To control congestion, we Use algorithms. Ok? Meaning What happens? Meaning understand the meaning of the statement When there are too many data packets in a network Whatever it is, start travelling only once. So there But what happened? Meaning congestion occurs.

[00:42:13]Ok? What will be the action? too much Meaning packets are gathered together Should go. Ok? what do we do to him Are? How will you control it? For him We use the algorithm for cavitation control.

[00:42:23]Are. Ok? One is open loop. Algor One becomes open and then one comes our close.

[00:42:28]Loop. Ok? There are two.

[00:42:31]Two is what we have? Open loop and Closed loop. Look, first let us understand your needs.

[00:42:36]Fell. Reduce packet loss. I mean, just accept it now One thing means one way. what about that Happened? Run 10,000 vehicles. So brother Obviously, some vehicles are in the ditch.

[00:42:44]Will fall. So for this reason this means less What do we do to do it? This Let's control it. controlling the pressure Are. To increase the flow rate, the amount of As many vehicles are coming here, as many vehicles are going there.

[00:42:52]Less delay means less crowd. Efficiency Be it in resource allocation. So for this We have got open Kang means prevention.

[00:42:58]Base means Major's even before the bracelet was made.

[00:43:01]So what should be said about the Major, brother, he means Reduce it. Do it already. Ok? Then Closed ring means after the ring is detected Congestion action is taken. Ok? As Some things are written. Ok? Then Then comes the explanation of closed loops Algorithm. What does it mean? Back Race What happens? Down when there is a combination Meaning down stream router up upstream It will slow down the router. Ok? mean value Look down stream, now stream means Understand that there is a continuous flow of data.

[00:43:27]There is a flow of data, it means less to him.

[00:43:29]Keep doing more and less. According to the What do you mean? That's how many Tabulating packets. Ok? His According to the choc packets. Meaning router sends a special packet to the source containing Ination of coagulation occurs. told earlier That brother, the dam of this car has fallen.

[00:43:43]Is. Ok? Then comes the implicit swing.

[00:43:44]And what does explicit singling mean?

[00:43:47]Is? Delay first look implicit means delay By increasing, the source itself understands that Commission is taking place. Ok? and explus means Routing directs the source. Correct Is? And one was our last topic. See I told you about the IP6 version before We have explained it very well.

[00:44:03]So you IP version 4 means the same and the 2 in it Powers are 32 bits. 2 power here It's 128 bits. This is its format To write. I told you what 128 bit means.

[00:44:13]16 is one of 16 bits. Ok? This way It happens by doing. 16 16 ok? This is 16 of 16 There is a format. divided into eight groups Will remain. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 eight such groups Will come. Each one is 16. If you add 128 will go. Ok? I will tell you its type I have given only this. And its basic a comparison There is a table. You are looking at the format. Format It is very big. There is no need to read this.

[00:44:32]So overall I love you In this I will give you control over the pressure.

[00:44:37]I am telling you the thing. Ok? There happens to be one What? Lee bucket means Lee bucket algorithm It happens. There is a token bucket Algorithm. Now there are two algorithms I will tell you in the concocting control I have been. Ok? Don't say that later Brother, I mean you are not in the notes in this.

[00:44:51]Didn't tell. So brother, whatever notes are here If you have reached till now then please share it somewhere Write it down again. Two in Congestion Control These are important topics. What is it? Liki LEAKY Licky Bucket BUCKET Bucket Algorithm What is a Bucket what will you do in it, make a hole in it We will give it a small amount and what will we do with it?

[00:45:10]Brother, we will keep sending the data directly to it.

[00:45:12]All the packets that are inside it, they come It will be fine, understand a lot, crores means Millions of data are coming but here what There is a hole, what will happen with this, that much will happen Data will go out, meaning crores of M Meaning, consider there is a bucket with water on top.

[00:45:24]We are filling it, okay, we are filling it.

[00:45:26]But what is happening if you keep filling up?

[00:45:28]The hole that is continuous from that area There is only as much water as comes out of that hole.

[00:45:32]Can. We call it lucky bucket. Then Here comes our token bucket. in the token bucket What happens? What do we have?

[00:45:38]There will be a bucket. Ok? me again one second Name the bucket from.

[00:45:42]See what we will do? give me a bucket Will give. What will you do in this? take one There is a bucket. Ok? And let's say one So let's assume the host is a computer. Correct Is? What did he do? Sent a packet. Correct Is? what did we do? one packet at a time The token has been given. Like the token will pop. Correct Is? It popped. Meaning, suppose there was a token. That Through the token we came to know that yes brother You had to come, this packet had to come.

[00:46:04]Suppose it was just a packet, just a token. as soon as Packet A arrived so we popped token A Gave. As soon as it popped, I mean here is a Understand that there was a base installed. Its What is the password? There is one A. A is. mean value Well, in a way, this is his password. as soon as A name meaning some metal fell from above. He He told me that my password is A. A Open It happened and fell into the bucket. Meaning Source Data reached the destination. Ok? So There were two things: Lucky Bucket and Token Bucket. And One is Quality of Service i.e. QoS.

[00:46:32]What does quality of service mean?

[00:46:34]No ability of network to provide better Service means understand how to provide any service How should you provide better then this Theory portion is see computer network It is not that it will be 100% the same.

[00:46:44]It is being asked very deeply, so whatever The theory portion will be as per your convenience.

[00:46:48]you can see okay so I've given you every single I have given as much detail as possible Everything was explained well If yes, then please tell me this by commenting tell me CIDR notation means host in this much How many bits are there? Ok? In this What is horse bits? I told you not CI, now I have told you what it means.

[00:47:07]What happens in this? A back in CI DR A slash is placed after the notation. So After locating hotspots in this What happens? which is followed by a back slash Yes, those are hot speeds. The answer to this is Yes, you have to comment. Ok? ARP What is it used for? Now which ARP Is it used for work? IP to MAC changes or changes from Max to IP?

[00:47:25]All the rest of these are wrong. you know it Is. It is one of these two. Comment do it. Then it says which ICM message is Scent by Pink Command. Now tell me who An ICMP message is sent.

[00:47:35]Through command? You have to comment on this. So I hope I have given you detailed notes.

[00:47:40]I have taught. Meaning, explain it very well Must have done it. You don't have to panic at all.

[00:47:44]Numerical video will come 100% and much better Will come. You will get a better numerical video than this.

[00:47:48]It will not be available on YouTube. I give a guarantee I have been. I made such a numerical video I have been. Ok? So I'm going to tell you next I get lectures. If it felt worth it, I lecture so one like and one subscribe and one Please comment my dear friend and definitely answer.

[00:48:00]To be commented. That's all for today.

[00:48:02]See you in the next lecture. Thank you.