A 3,000% increase in mutation rates?

[00:00:00]Yeah, so your work was with walnuts. Um, so I realized now this podcast is primarily going out to cannabis growers.

[00:00:05]However, I think the this is really interesting. So >> So the So the So the kind of like punchline of the paper is that the trees actually seem like they're doing pretty well. It's the stuff that went through extreme tissue culture where we see the most mutations actually. And so like for example, the stuff that went through somatic embryo culture, it looks weird and looks different if you try to regenerate it into a plant. And if you were, you know, like a walnut grower, you probably wouldn't want that plant.

[00:00:31]It's not It's probably not ideal.

[00:00:33]>> So, like you said, your your the the current commercial practice of field-grown cutting propagation actually had a very low mutation baseline mutation rate. And the genetic integrity of those plants was very high. But when you moved on to the what the somatic embryo propagation method through through tissue culture, you saw completely different results.

[00:00:56]>> Yeah, it's like a We have like a 3,000% increase in mutation rate in this material. There's also a higher mutation rate in the micropropagated shoot cultures as well.

[00:01:05]They're higher than the trees in the field, too, cuz they're just being propagated quickly as a lot, so.

[00:01:10]>> Yeah, yeah, so it's actually That's That's a cool result, too. So the shoots that are in micropropagated shoots that are in tissue culture have a pretty linear increase of mutation with time, which, you know, is to be expected, but it is more mutations than we see out in the field.