This comprehensive class covers the evolution of modern Hindi literature from the Bharatendu era (1857-1900) through the Dwivedi era (1900-1918) to Chhayavad (1920-1940), highlighting key figures like Bharatendu Harishchandra (father of modern Hindi essay), Mahaprasad Dwivedi (language reformer), and major poets including Jaishankar Prasad (Kamayani), Suryakant Tripathi Nirala (rebellious experimental poet), and Sumitranandan Pant (nature and emotion poet), along with their contributions to prose, drama, and poetry that shaped modern Hindi literary consciousness.
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आधुनिक काल के सर्वाधिक पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न | भाग 2 | One-Liners + MCQ | TGT PGT NET | Birendra Sir
Added:Hello Everyone, today's class is Bachchan Shri Part 2 Which one is it, so part two is which one?
Bachchan series is going on, okay Bachchan series The second class starts at 9:00 It was supposed to start but something is starting at 9:30.
There has been a big reason. Ok? So Let us move ahead directly.
Don't waste much time. all these things You guys might know me. look at the thumbnail You must have already done all this. So who today?
Is the Sa part starting? There is a second part. Correct Is? We have already covered everything in the first part.
Were. From Bharatendu era to Chhayavad today Will go. Where? So Chhayavad from Bharatendu era Will continue till. In this sequence we Bharatendu The poet of and all the poets of his circle We will learn about it. Modern Hindi Navcharan Ye Everyone will move forward while studying. Ok? So I'm just looking at your comments Am. After this we will move forward again.
Come on, you guys have also been waiting for a long time.
Are.
Till then, please comment something Let me see, wait a minute, sir.
We Till then please share it with your friends To friends.
Oh my god, you guys are filling the comments completely.
Comment box has been placed. Whose should I look at?
Hello everyone, yes everyone.
Let go Am I sounding right?
Please tell me this as well, I am looking at it here.
That The voice is correct, let's move ahead.
Just tell me a little, after that we will confirm.
will proceed Yes, hello, hello everyone, hello everyone To Let go If the sound is coming correctly then tell me quickly.
Well, there will be no rain, Kriti ji, tension Take it.
Malti ji, what should I say?
It took some time to create the content. You I was seeing some problem again and again, come today.
Was being.
But while I'm waiting for you guys, I I thought why not stay a little late?
But I will do it anyway. take class today I will remain there. The children are waiting so long delayed. So what about today? So Bharatendu This is the second part of. You guys already know.
Let's go to the prestige of Gad and Khariboli poetry Beginning of. Should I make it a little bigger? I Let me zoom in.
Come on, what are we? Gad's reputation and standing Dialect poetry began from 1857 to 1900 AD.
Until [sound of clearing throat]. This deadline Is. One of the topics is Bharatendu and His circle is Kavi Mandal. Ok? Modern Hindi Pro Appropriation of Determination. We are in this Let's go directly to the topic Let us look at the way in modern Hindi literature Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar in Bengali and Marathi Vishnu Shastri and Chipu Chipunkar and Narmad Shankar in Gujarati described the renaissance had worked. Similarly in Hindi it is The work was done by Bharatendu Harishchandra.
If asked, give a statement. Ok? If here If you give a statement in the exam then [sound of clearing throat] likewise Give it in quotation, Balshankar, okay after this Give it to Bharatendu or give it to Premganj ji.
Either Thakur Jagmohan gives all these names then Then what will you people tick, if you tick So you should pay attention to this statement You will see that in modern Hindi literature, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar in Bengali Vishnu Shastri in Marathi ok Chiponkar And in Gujarati, Narmad Shankar has written Navcharan did the work of the same in Hindi This work was done by Bharatendu Harishchandra Of the Renaissance. Ok? So Bachchan Singh's statement Is. This is most important to you guys. This Please memorize it. according to which? Bachchan According to Singh. Ok? very important Is. After this it comes further that Bharatendu Harichandra was born on 9 September 1850.
Born in a wealthy Vaishya family of Kashi.
After this comes the next topic that his father Shri Babu Gopal Chand, whom we call Giridhar Das Gopal also knows. Babu Gopal Chand Giridhar Das, litterateur and scholar Were. What is? He was fond of learning. litterateur Were. The name of one of his works is quickly Tell me. Only those whose names I take will tell.
Ok? Let's go Babita ji You tell me. Only your name is visible.
Babita ji, Sunita ji, everyone's name. Ok?
You guys tell me quickly. A composition by Girdas the name of us Bharatendu was exposed to a literary environment since childhood.
have received. Ok? when whose father You are a litterateur, is it okay to have so much money? of knowledge I am blessed. The one who is called rich He is a writer and was a good writer.
Time. Ok? Even Bharatendu Harichandra also considers himself the first playwright.
To father. Ok? So this shows that Sunita ji, please bear with me your disappointment.
Gave. I had expected the second one. Let's go someone No matter. Okay, at least it's a great look If you guys remember at least from childhood Bharatendu got a literary environment It is okay because of what happened and whose father As Mr. says, if there is a master in the house If he is a father, then his children also have something to say about him.
The effect is definitely felt. Let's go next The topic is their initial and literary Deendayal Giri Kanhaiya Lal is fine in the division OK Laxmi Shankar Vyas Gulab Rai Nagar Prominent writers like these were included.
After this we move ahead. Bharatendu did not consider literature merely a means of entertainment National consciousness, social awakening and It has become a medium of modern ideology.
It is very important. Pay a little attention to this Keep giving it. what everyone is saying Bharatendu considered literature only a means of entertainment.
National consciousness, social rather than considering it as a means A medium of awakening and modern ideology has made. Bharatendu's life mantra was what was in it? One's own language is progress. All The root of progress. What are you saying that as long as Progress of one's own language is the root of all progress.
Who considers their language to be the root of progress?
Okay, let's read this statement in Hindi language national and cultural pride The declaration is fine, it is considered a declaration of self-respect.
what is considered Ghosh is considered okay Yes, the voice is echoing Let's go, a wonderful voice is echoing through me I will try to speak a little slower.
Maybe I'm speaking loudly, that's why the sound is Me. The next topic is that Bharatendu wrote in 1868 Publication of Kavich Sudha magazine in AD Had started. After this, okay? Kavich It became sweet. How much? In 1868. after this Penny Reading Club was founded in 1873 AD.
Established. where literature reading is fine Is? Literature reading, reading and ideological discussion is organised. Is such a form nowadays?
It is seen somewhere where on a stage Can everyone sit together and discuss literature?
Yes, tell me quickly. Is it available anywhere?
We get both in India Doodh 1880.
Come on, what will happen? In 1873 AD Penning Club was founded. what here What was the reason? There used to be literature lessons.
Ok? Literature lesson means about literature Discussion in the idea. Ok? one question at a time Ask what will happen with this?
Let go. In the same year, Harishchandra Magazine was published.
Started publishing. Which is fine. That Which was later named Harishchandra Chandrika Was kept. What are you saying? this same year Harishchandra Magazine begins publication Did. Who was later named Harishchandra It was named Chandrika. Harishchandra Magazine What did you keep from it? When will Haris Chandrika change Was it kept? Ansh Babu will tell. Ok?
Abhay ji, Kirti ji, please tell me everything. after this Propagation of religious and Vaishnava ideas In 1873 AD, for the purpose of propagation Tadiy Samaj was established. All this is very It is important what I am doing round and round.
Ok? The Tadiy Samaj was established. Some?
It is important. Ok? Birth of Bharatendu When did it happen? In 1850. You guys might remember.
What was his life mantra after this? So my own Language progress is the root of all progress. So this Let's talk, who's talking then Bharatendu ji's magazine comes prominently Possibly a poetic sudha Peddling Club in 1868 Harishchandra Magazine in 1873 AD Yes, after this Harishchandra Chandrika came to Taday Samaj in 1873 and all this It is very important, keep watching it.
We are Harishchandra are you guys talking ma'am's voice It's better to have a little less head.
[Laughter] It's okay, everyone likes their own thing.
important statement okay important statement What is it Babu, listen carefully to the new Hindi Chal Me Dhali was written in the year 1873 AD tha ok in which composition is this or whose I will take the name and they will tell, okay from here.
It was in 1873 that Sir Awesome probably five after the number yes tell this in hindi new Which book mentioned him in the trick?
Do you know? After this Acharya Ramchandra Shukla The language of Bharatendu and his circle of poets The elegance of style is fine. of agility and enthusiasm Special praise has been given. Good special Praise to Ramchashog ji for his language style Why do you do it? Because as much as all this His circle was Bharatendu Kavi Mandal All the poets of Bharatendu Mandal were How were you? Almost all were journalists. Ok?
All were journalists and because they were journalists Being a journalist, his language is good.
What is the style of writing, language, all these things?
it goes well it gets better okay If it becomes pure then from here Ramchandra Shukla ji praises it, okay Bachchan ji will praise you further, you will get it in future.
what is on its second slide Bharatendu's linguistic vision and modern Hindi How prose was created is the thing we I'll understand, let's see, okay.
The next topic comes that of Bharatendu Harishchandra gave a modern form to the Hindi language has made a historical contribution to. What Bhartendu Harishchandra introduced the Hindi language Historic in a modern twist have contributed. Absolutely given. Why?
Because at that time in the Ritikal period courtier courtier During the time of the courtiers or rather during the Ritikal period Braj language was prevalent during the time of the poets.
Ok? So how did fine poets write?
Very sweet in Braj language, Braj language Also called sweet language. Ok? So What would that have done? The king woos the people Were. Ok? Whomever is called flatterer It's okay, he used to flatter. In the king's liege Come and praise me, how great you are. This way By doing this, at that time in the field of Hindi language Is extremism okay? extremist tendencies He was present. Ok? King Shiva What were Prasad Sitare Hind? King Shiva Spreading Stars of India, Urdu and Persian He was a supporter of mixed Hindi. very large There were supporters. Urdu Persian mixed Hindi.
Just oppose it. Who? King Laxman Singh says that excessive Sanskrit loyal supporters of Hindi do it.
Bharatendu said both of these right? from extremes To save myself, I chose a middle path. medium Why the route? Because this was his guru.
Who was it? So Rajvi Prasad Sitare Hind [sound of clearing throat] There was a guru. Its After all, we cannot oppose them. like that His language is simple, natural and It is fluent, accessible to the people and practical.
and what was Bharatendu ji's language like Hindi in a new style Hindi in a new style No Sunita ji, Dr. Narendra must have said It is okay to quote Bharatendu ji.
This is the statement of Bharatendu ji which In the cycle of time it is said that it is okay to remember all this.
You guys keep it a little Kalachakra Kalachakra No, my hair got lost in the cycle of time.
Krishna Bhatt, let's go after this He considered language as a central element of people's life and society and linked to national consciousness. 1873 AD In 1873 AD, Bharatendu ji declared That Hindi took a new shape. Ok? Sun In 1873 AD, this language form was later Is Harishchandra okay? Is Harish okay?
Harishchandra was called Hindi. Looking at this It will remain but a little bit of Indians have learned Hindi.
Life can be improved by freeing prose from artificiality.
is vibrant, impressive and modern, okay provided expression after which languages And who contributed to its purification?
Dwivedi ji's statement is fine, Mavi Prasad Dwivedi in his literature only language not a medium of expression It becomes a tool for national awakening.
Through Hindi prose he addressed the society Politics, Religion, Education, History and National Well, national issues should be addressed by the general public.
Delivered it to. It even happened.
Yes Babu, it is a complete book. Ok? Now I Now I will tell you what is important from the entire book.
I have brought it after selecting it. Ok? In this page I kept sorting out what was important.
Am. Ok? You guys should understand this a little.
as much as on this page I selected what was important in the book.
I have been. Ok? Now under this topic The more important the statement in the topic, the better If I print the same then this matter will be called some matter.
talked about it at great length, but in some exams some exams If I don't find it important, I don't I have picked it up. Ok? So that is why the exam Visually, I feel important.
You should understand a little bit. like one of their The critical view should be understood. according to the same I have taken the facts from here and not the whole I have done the work of compiling each page one by one.
Ok? And by the way, it should be such a big page.
Will not be able to. Ok? It is a thick book.
Let's look at some important critical opinions.
Like this one. According to Acharya Ramchandra Shukla In the language of Bharatendu and his circle Self-efficacy, agility and zest for life is found existing. But Bachchan Singh's According to him, Bharatendu modernized Hindi prose.
A new look to suit the needs of the times and national consciousness effective expression. Ok? What They say? Ramchandra Shukla's circle Poet, all the poets of his circle were How free and agile was his language There was agility and enthusiasm of life, scholar It is okay to see it in that but just Bachchan Singh says he is two steps ahead.
Because Bharatendu gave modern shape to Hindi prose.
A new look to suit the needs of the times Provided where in the language and what in it couple and effective formation of national consciousness The expression is included Hmm.
I have brought whatever is important.
Now the importance was not there, so I I can't add anything on my own, right? So Modern Hindi Essay in the Bharatendu Era Modern Hindi Essay in the Uday Bharatendu Era The era of the era is fine [sound of clearing throat] Sorry. How to rise Happened? A little bit of your comments I will see.
We Let's go to the father of modern Hindi essay Bharatendu Harishchandra believes. Ok?
Bharatendu Harishchandra was called modern Hindi He is considered the father of the essay. Ok?
Who believes this? So Bachchan Singh yes Bachchan Singh believes that you people should remember this.
A little of this. After this we move on Are. He considered the essay as a literary form.
By not accepting the national consciousness and social Reformation, religious conscience and political awakening Is it impressive right? Created a medium. Very This is an important statement. Ok? This you absolutely People should remember all these things no matter how much If an important statement comes or something remains, you will What will people do? Try to Take a screenshot or else it's fine Otherwise I will give the PDF at the end.
He considered the essay merely a literary form.
National consciousness, social reform and religious conscience and political awakening Who speaks about the influential medium So Bachchan Singh says that Bharatendu ji's Arguments in his essays about satire social reality and national sentiment Strong coordination is achieved.
After this, you definitely get laughter, isn't it darkness?
Look at the city.
Chief of social i.e. vegetable Bharatendu It is an essay, sorry, that was a play, not an essay.
We are talking about Bharatendu's chief The essay is Akbar and rightly Aurangzeb Akbar Aurangzebat is a historical essay which is based on heaven.
The deliberation meeting takes place in Dayanand Saraswati and Keshub Chandra Sen a satirical presentation of ideas Is. Ok? It is Kashi. You guys see all this Please take it. Kashi is the place of religious ostentation.
A sharp comment on superstition is ok, sharp.
The blow has struck. So, all the years are Indians, okay, how should India progress?
It is very important that you People have included the national level in the syllabus as well.
Essay considered to be the manifesto of awakening This is it, okay, remember one line of this.
What is it, just keep quiet, okay Sadh Balwana This one is done, after this one two more This line will come in it for the progress of India.
How can it be from the essay?
Bharatendu gave Indian society its due Awakening by reminding us of the dormant power calls for being what the Indians call Isn't this a train to these people?
Pushing and pulling The one who helps him should be his Taga Jamun So what will these people do with all the exams?
It will burst it, isn't it like this The important fact to remember is that For you people, Bharatendu said Muslim rule was affected by plague and British rule Which disease is called tuberculosis?
Where is the disease, okay, so Muslim rule means What is the name of the people of the Mughal period? Playing.
Ok? Play. And what about the British rule?
Where is it? Tuberculosis disease. Will you remember? all these things It was important. After this his essays The purpose is only to criticize. Ok?
Not to criticize but to bring about nation, society and Awakening of the person. Ok? We have to awaken.
this is so true. See his essays It seems like. In the same way.
After this, language was used in Bharatendu's essays.
Simple, effective, and full of humor It is suitable for the general public. Let's go ahead with it Please remember this a little. Heads of the Bharatendu era Essayists of the Bharatendu era Let us look at the major essayists.
Are. Modern after Bhartendu Harishchandra Balkrishna in enriching the Hindi essay Bhatt is well known as Pratap Narayan Mishra and Badri Narayan Choudhary Premghan ji's utmost important contribution. Okay, one more thing and you Let people know here that the way we Let's read Shukla ji. Bharatendu era When I read, I first read poetry. Correct Is? I read poetry, then I start with prose.
It happens approximately. So here it is something like this Not there. Ok? What is here that first When the Bharatendu era came, Bharatendu's poetry There has been talk about. here after Then there was talk about the essay. right here Then now we will talk about its drama.
This is how it happened. Ok? So you guys Don't get a little confused that right now Were going to the play. Just got into the essay How? So this is how it happened here. Correct Is? These essayists have given importance to Hindi essay.
Thought-oriented, social satire and Is the person okay? provide an expression Did.
After this comes Balkrishna Bhatt. Balkrishna Bhatt was born in 1844 AD. 1914 He died in AD. 1877 AD Hindi Pradeep newspaper from Allahabad started publishing. very important Is. This became the most important thing. Ok?
A little attention to this for you guys Please give it. Are. Hindi Pradeep Modern Hindi of journalism and essay literature It is considered an important magazine. Their Famous essay moonrise okay? of Hindi Considered the first excellent example of prose poetry goes. What is his famous essay?
So Chandrodaya which is the first work of Hindi prose It is considered an excellent example. Bhatt ji The language of the Was generous. How were you regarding your language? He He was extremely generous. He worked with Hindi Urdu, Persian and English The words are also used naturally.
In his essays Whose? So Balkrishna Bhatt Of. It even happened. We After this we come to Pratap Narayan Mishra.
Are. When was he born? In 1856 AD. 1894 He died in AD. from Kanpur Editing and publishing of Brahmin magazine Have done. From where? From Kanpur. Remember this.
Where did Khedi Pradeep come from Allahabad?
Which Brahmin magazine was published from Kanpur?
Was? It belongs to Pratap Narayan Mishra. how to remember Will you keep it? So the way I remembered it Who is Pratap Narayan Mishra? So Mishra.
So what happens to the title from Mishra? So There are Brahmins. So from the Brahmin Brahmin Magazine. relate in this way Please do it. The subject matter of his essays is very fundamental And it was connected to life. Their Key essays bhoon moustache. Ok? Dental Income Tax Desi cloth. Ok? is a devoted wife Suppressed fire wolf okay wolf swarm this All of them have strange names and There were essays on small names.
You must have read it and revised it as well.
After this, in all the books of Shukla ji, his Beswaadi meaning in language Beswaani Rurality is fine, the simple and A natural effect is achieved.
After this, popular words like Nayan Rona He also used without hesitation Is. After this who is Chaudhary? Badrinarayan Chaudhary talks about Premgan.
Ok? After this comes 1855 here.
He was born in AD. In 1922 his passes away.
Yes. Who? Premgham ji. Ji Badnam Chaudhary Premag ji, their most important thing is fine.
What is the most important Ananda Kadambini Anand Kadambini magazine was published Where was the editor of Nagari Nird papers from?
I did Naagin and remember this is okay.
That's why I'm putting this on important That Shukla ji also later became Ramchandra Shukla Ji also edits this magazine, right?
Where did this magazine come from? So this Where are you from, I used to remember Mirpur It will remain with you people and Nagari Neerad papers.
was edited by. He wrote his prose The influence of the rhetoric of the Riti period in It is clearly visible. Ok? What is?
What did it look like in his ass? So rhetoric the influence of the ritual period [sound of clearing throat] can see clearly We were there. Acharya Shukla Premghan Is the style okay? Did Acharya Shukla Premghan's style is fine?
It is said to be a complicated matter. What did you say?
It is said to be a complicated matter. Who mentions this We do? So this is what Bachchan Singh mentions Are. Ok? their language about them It is ornate, Sanskrit based and artistic.
Till here, remember what is important Was? Fame, ornamentation in his language It is available. What else was there?
Let me tell you.
What happened? The class is getting stuck. right now Everything was going well.
Isn't it right?
Let's move ahead.
Now comes the drama. The beginning of the play and Contribution of Bharatendu era. development of drama How did the Bharatendu era contribute? What has contributed? We will know that. Ok?
It even happened. who has any problem How did the essay begin? in what way Essays contributed to the Bharatendu era The poets.
We have seen this. Now we go ahead Let's go. Ok?
Real and strong development of Hindi drama It is believed that it started with Bharatendu Harishchandra.
goes. From where? Development of Drama by Bharatendu It is believed from the era. Bharatendu ji's It is considered by. because too much Have written plays. Translated, original All.
Then some plays even before Bharatendu Works have been written. but they are Perfection on the touchstone of modern theatrical craft It does not fit. Who says? Bachchan Singh says that before the Bharatendu era Even before Bharatendu era or Bharatendu ji The play has been written before also. But That work is fine. which modern theater craft It does not fit him correctly. who says Are? Bharatendu. Ok? Bachchan Singh says It is about Bharatendu. After this comes This is a play by Pranchand Chauhan which is from India Pranchand Chauhan first wrote the play Ramayana epic Banarasidas's Samaysaar is fine, Rewa Anand Raghunandan of Naresh Vishwanath Singh and Gopal Chand is fine, his Gopal Chand is unlucky Who is Bharatendu ji's father Shri Nahus were poetic compositions in Braj language.
Therefore, they are considered true in the modern sense.
If it can't be considered a play, what about here?
Do you understand? Very important. This which Isn't it very important? Ok? Here It is very important from here, Babu. This Look carefully. Why? I am speaking.
Because all these plays are written by Bharatendu.
Which is considered the first play. Ok? your father Shri's first play is Ye Sab Jo Rachana Ancient Chauhan's Ramayana drama Hum Log Let's read. Ok? Samayasāra of Banarasi Das Let's read. Rewa King Vishwanath Singh Anand Raghunandan reads. This is the drama that is I don't consider everything a drama. Who doesn't Do you agree? So you will be remembered Bachchan Singh Bachchan Singh doesn't consider people to be drama Let go It is said that the translated plays of Bharatendu Yes, I watch the translated plays of Bharatendu ji.
Next we will read his translated play which Famous is famous, means he is famous, that's fine.
Vidyasagar is one Vidya Sundar sorry Vidyasagar's Vidya is Beautiful in 1868 The correct translation from Bengali is Ratnavali Hypocrisy Irony Dhananjay Vijay Mudra Sadalab Lakshmi, all this happened. Subsequent original plays Some names also come here. Vedic violence Hinsana Bhavati is Satya Harishchandra. Mister It is Chandravali. The subject is Vaishna Sir. India It is a plight. Neel is a goddess. Sati Pratap Dark city. I hope you guys that you people should publish all these plays and Do you remember the order of placing it in the serial?
will be. Ok? At least two or four publications Remember this. Otherwise, in the serial At least remember the order of placement.
People. Ok? I expect so much from you guys I can do it.
Let go Move ahead.
Then comes Andheri, okay? darkness City drama was a speciality. Dark City Extremely popular based on Nautanki style It is a satirical play. What kind of play is this? So It is a satirical play. Is it okay with that? Of functional language, folk religious discourse and through satirical songs depiction of social and political meaning Has been done Is it okay in this drama? Broker, Gangaputra Ok? Ganeria, Kunjani, okay? Characters like poet and editor Represents the society of that time.
So, what are the characters in this play?
Represent the society of that time?
So broker. Ok? as much as society The character is picked up from the society itself. thug He is a broker, a son of Ganga, a shepherd. Correct Is? He is Kundalini, he is a poet, he is an editor sir.
What is everything? of the contemporary society Pratiksha Andher Nagari Hindi Theatre The most talked about and social satire of It is considered a satire.
After this, some important facts of the critics Here is the opinion as per Bachchan Singh Bharatendu classified Hindi drama as a Ritikal period.
National social and It has been made a medium of consciousness on reality.
Whose statement is this? Of Bachchan Singh. Memory It will remain with you people. It is most important.
Please keep paying some attention to this.
Ok? So what do we understand from here?
Who was the originator of modern Hindi drama?
happened? So Bharatendu ji. Ok?
Bharatendu ji is done. vidya sundar drama It is his translation from a Bengali play. Correct Is? Andher Nagari is also like this Sheesh Chandra Chandawali. Ok? Its It is an important drama. That too with some care You will see. Bharatendu Poetry of Bharatendu period. Now let's see what Is? Poetry of the Indian period from Ritivada Ritivada How did the influence of the Ritikal period extend till the Renaissance?
New awakening is right for the modern times by taking it out from okay connecting to the country of the country It has turned towards patriotism, okay?
We can say that during Bharatendu period The poem is a transitional poem. How?
It is a transitional poem in which on the one hand If there is influence of the poetic tradition of the Riti period then On the other hand, national consciousness, social reform and A new spirit of renaissance arises or Who says Bachchan Singh says remember It will be fine, this is what the poets of this era should know.
be divided into two main categories A poet of the ritualistic tradition may Poets of the Ritualist Tradition Who are the main poets of So a poet mainly works on Shringar al Alankar, The heroine is different and okay. tradition of royalty They carry out the work of. the main form of Is it okay? He is a servant, he is a leader, Lakshmiram Is. Ok? It is Benidbij. All these poets come Are. Correct. In his poetry, the Ritikal period The rituals are more visible. after this Bachchan further writes that the second is in Image of Renaissance and National Consciousness. So Who can see his poem in two parts?
Are. It can be seen in two senses.
Well, I am feeling a little unwell. take medicine Here, take the medicine A little bit, yes a little bit, just me too I'm going again today because I am just watching. So as quickly as possible today We will destroy what we have created. After this you guys Please take rest too. Let us understand it in two ways Needed One is Ritchacharya and national consciousness Second, due to Ritika influence. Now this second class The poet belongs to Bharatendu Mandal. second class The poet who brought about new awakening and national consciousness are connected to. He was a member of Bharatendu Mandal.
He is a poet. National consciousness in his poetry [sound of clearing throat] Social reform and Patriotism, language awakening and modern life Vision has developed. These poets have Is the court okay with poetry? from the royal court by removing him from the royal court, from society and Worked to connect with national life. Who I told you the same thing happened. Ok?
What do you see in the important facts?
Many royal courts like Lakshmiram Dev Like is Ayodhya okay? Ayodhya is There is Basti, there is Darbhanga and is it okay? Giddhore Is Raj in the right? dependents receive Long live Laxmiram. After this Govind Gilabhai Pant. This was asked. Being Gujarati He also composed poetry in Braj language. So Where was Govind Gilabhai Pant from? Gujarat Of. Please remember this a little bit. Bharatendu Mandal Nationalism, social consciousness, patriotism and modern outlook respectively There has been development. It even happened. after this We come people An important critical signal is received.
What is it? Let's take a look at it here Are. After this we will go to the next According to Bachchan Singh in the slide According to Bhartendu Bachchan Singh, Bhartendu The poetry of the period blends both the old and the new.
Isn't it okay that the poetic lines run parallel?
develop. Therefore, this is the essence of Hindi poetry.
It is a transition period. It is very important.
Ok? What is? Most important. This Please pay a little attention to Bachchan Singh's According to Bharatendu, the poetry of the period is old and parallel to both the new streams It develops. Therefore, this is the essence of Hindi poetry.
It is a transition period. What is the transition period for?
Let us see how the first Ritikal were dominated by instinct. from there onwards Following the nickel scene, the nation Poetry moved towards love and poetry grew.
It's fine here. The language also kept changing.
But the language of poetry in the Bharatendu era the language of poetry or the language of poetry Mainly Khari Boli could not be done. Correct Is? Mainly Khari Boli could not be done.
As far as Bharatendu Harishchandra also says Are. Ok? that they all tried so hard But these people could not write. Meaning I could not write a good poem. Whatsoever way Braj language became sweet poetry. like that It was not possible. Isn't it? does not work Was. This says it all. We moved ahead. Its No one has any problem after this Does anyone have any problem?
So the infection to Bharatendul is fine Bharatendu The period is called the transition period. Why poetry As two prominent figures of the Riti period divided into sections. which stream two stream What is in a stream? Ok? Poetry Is it okay? The poetry is divided. Bharatendu The poetry of time is divided into two parts. One A mannerist and a renaissance man. coming into the Renaissance Are. Poets of Bharatendu Mandal. Ok? Its Remember later where Govind Bhai Pant is from?
Let us tell you about Gujarat.
Now we turn to the pre-sanitarian period. Here Now the Dwivedi era started. Bharatendu Whatever was important in the past, I am as important as I have applied most to it, you guys a little bit.
Yes, please take a screenshot. Please keep it.
Otherwise I will provide the PDF. comfortable in it Please review it sometime after watching it. Now let's come Dwivedi era. Which is not called Dwivedi era What do you say? Vachan Singh East Hygienist. Former hygienist says Why have I told them this? Or am I the first You explained it very well in class.
I have done it. Ok? So Push Sanitary When is the time of the period fixed? Since 1900 He accepted it till 1918. After this further Let's go. Pre-sanitarianism period Background and release of the cheap magazine How did it happen? We will know that. Dr. Bachchan Singh has replaced the traditional Dwivedi era But the name pre-sanitary period is more considered appropriate. Ok? So what Dwivedi era should not be replaced by Dwivedi era What name have you given? Pre-sanitarianism period Pre-sanitism What is hygienism?
Neither Chhayavad nor pre-Chhayavad means before Which period is Dwivedi era, time of this period The boundary is considered to be from 1900 to 1918 AD.
coming up next The center of Hindi literature in this era National consciousness, language refinement, social reform and the development of modern literary consciousness Is. What is there in this era? Hindi literature In Hindi literature There is national consciousness, there is language reward, Social reform, modern literary consciousness There has been development. Ok? Remember this Literature of the Bharatendu era Sorry, the center of literature of the Dwivedi era What's in it? So there is national consciousness, language There is sophistication, social reform and modern Literary consciousness has developed. Year 1900 The Indian Press at Allahabad in 1847 The founder was Chintamani Ghosh who was the founder of Saraswati Started the magazine. When? 1900 AD In. Ok? This is the most important thing.
Saraswati magazine in modern Hindi The most influential figure in the history of literature The magazine is considered. And it's still fine today Is. You have just become a swan, right? so cheap cheap The magazine is good for modern Hindi literature.
The most influential magazine in history It is considered.
After this, let's move ahead, now the swan has been done.
The laughter stopped and started again and now plays an important role in Hindi literature.
She is fulfilling it.
After this, Saraswati magazine Saraswati The board of initial editing which was earlier Shyam Remember who is Sundar Das, Shyam Sundar.
The editorial board has asked, okay Shyam Sundar Das Radha Krishna Das The world is fine Jagannath Das Kirti Prasad and Kishori Lal Goswami 1 2 3 4 5 Mention the names of five people Let's mention five people's names Who then Bachchan Singh says that Srishti Who were the initial editorial board of the magazine?
Shyam Sundar Das was Radha Krishna Das.
Jagannath Das followed by Kirti Prasad Kishan Lal Goswami is so [sound of clearing throat] People's names Rachan Singh mentions in 1901 AD Shyam Sundar Das became its sole editor It started in 1900 AD, okay?
How many people were there in its editorial board?
Who were the five people, so Kirti Prasad Let's start with Shyam Sundar Das.
Hai Radhakrishna Das Jagannath Das Kirti Prasad and Goswami ji later in 1901 Who later became the When he left, Shyam Sundar Das became its editor.
Then in 1903, then later in 1903 AD, who became? So our Acharya Mahaprasad Dwivedi edited Sasti Handled it. And from here in 1903 AD The stature of the cheap magazine was that of Hindi literature It started touching like this. Ok? to the language In improving. Ok? to improve the language The direction of poetry had changed. Absolutely The other way. Who was earlier a courtier, Braj language Sweet language leaning more towards sweet Everyone was saying this in the language, so what is this?
Which way did you turn, towards patriotism?
After this, narrativeism dominates it.
All this has started happening, how will it still come about?
dominated the nation After this, the editorship of Maha Prasad Dwivedi Cheap magazine in Hindi language literature criticism and national consciousness It became an influential magazine. Bachchan Singh According to the male hygienic capacitance period Organization Language of Modern Hindi Literature This is the time of refinement and ideological discipline.
This is the time for discipline. what is that saying What does Vachan Singh say that according to how the pre-sanitary period What is the Dwivedi era like? So modern Organization of Hindi literature, language refinement and It has been a period of ideological discipline.
After this, let us look at the important statement Some. Locations of the Second Age of Malevolence Is of. Male hygienist period name more considered appropriate. It has already happened as promised Is.
After this, we moved forward and what Was it worth remembering?
Let's take a look at that a little bit, will you?
The editorial board of this magazine is fine.
Who were the editorial board? It is very It is important that you guys look at this a little.
Shyam Sundar Das Radha Krishna Das will remain Jagannath Das Kirti Prasad and Kishore Goswami ji, all these five people are very It was important that after this in 1901 I If you tell me who became Shyam Sundar in 1901 Das who became Haj Prasad Dwivedi in 1903 Yes sorry Mahavir Dwivedi ji, go ahead.
Maha Prasad Dwivedi and language reform Maha Prasad Dwivedi Language Reform Literature How to maintain the prestige of vision and Khariboli Let's see what happens. Ok? So Mahaprasad Dwivedi in 1864 AD from 1864 AD Modern Hindi is correct till 1938 AD Bhasha Pushkar, the leading creator of literature Essayist and critic and the era of Saraswati The producer was the editor Major creators of literature in modern Hindi refinement of language in literature The biggest contribution to It is theirs in literature. Ok? Happiness Jeeviya writes. essayist, critic and He became the era-making editor of Sasti. 1903 After taking over the editorship of Swasti in AD Later he taught Hindi language and literature.
Provided a new direction. Dwivedi ji's The objective is right, Dwivedi ji's objective Knowledge of literature is fine, knowledge of literature is A medium of social reform and national consciousness Have to make it. His famous statement is knowledge The name of the accumulated fund of money is literature.
The name of the accumulated fund of knowledge There is literature. Who says? Mahaprasad Dwivedi ji. It is very important. This You guys should memorize it. Repeated exams This line has been asked in this. What is?
The accumulation of knowledge is called literature.
Is. Who says? Manasa Dwivedi says These were his opinions regarding poetry. Poem He had an opinion regarding this. different from poetry Ok? One gets relaxation. From poem What do you get? One gets relaxation. dot Dot creates new songs every day. Dot Dot This is a natural or innate plan.
This is by Mahavir Dwivedi ji. Ok?
Keep watching for a while.
Move ahead.
Dwivedi ji used the word 'Braj Bhasha' instead of 'Braj Bhasha'.
Hindi literature in Khari Boli Hindi is considered a prestigious literary institution.
Made a significant contribution to the formation of the language.
That's what I told that by taking it out from Braj language How was Khariboli established?
In Hindi literature. So, Hindi literature In poetry, he maintained purity and simplicity in language.
grammatical correctness and or correctness They have been supporters of practicality.
A mistake was also made after which a big Let's discuss, you guys tell me quickly who is that?
It was the word that caused this.
Sanskrit is a language of extreme complexity.
They are soft, comfortable and good for the public.
The language is fine, follow the language which is useful for the people.
Are. Places of great criticism of Sanskrit But whose language is that right? Language support We do what is gentle and easy there People who are saying that it is useful for the people, its use It should be easy for. Ok? those who are speaking What should be the language you are using?
Easy to type. Ok? Its their Swasti magazine is edited only It is no longer a literary magazine but a modern one.
Hindi literature, language reform, criticism and It became the main platform of national consciousness. Correct Is? According to Dr. Bachchan Singh, men Dwivedi ji during the independence movement Discipline is right for literature, preaching is good Provided rigor and intellectual seriousness Is. How have you done? So ideological seriousness Has provided. They say with words that it is good His important statement is the same. amount of knowledge The name of the accumulated treasure is literature. Who They say? So Maha Prasad Dwivedi ji says Yes, one gets peace from poetry also. it Let's take the line. Remember this. Masa Dwivedi's theory of poetry I say about poetry Let's move ahead What I can't leave you a comment are you speaking What did you ask sir? oh I was asking what Instability, yes you have written it well Ansh Babu.
Regarding the instability of language, yes, absolutely.
There was a lot of controversy regarding instability.
Was. Ok Balmukund was asking about him, yes He was after Balmukund and would later praise him.
Only one person says good Hindi Were. Yes, only one person says good Hindi.
That's true, but that's as far as I'm concerned.
That sarcasm that I did not complete that essay I've read it, so I can't say anything about it.
But yes, I think it is in Katas.
It must have been said that now who will support it?
Who takes the support of Mahasa Dwivedi?
Let's take Tell me quickly about the pre-literacy era.
Major essayists are pre-literacy Notable works of Hindi essay literature during this period There has been development. In the essays of this era Thought, Reason and National Consciousness, Social improvement and expression of personality Coordination is achieved. Birth of Shyam Sundar Das Born in 1875 AD, died in 1945.
Prominent Hindi scholar, linguist, He has been a critic and essayist. Shyam Sundar It was only because of Das that we are able to do MA today.
Are. Ok? First of all, get an MA done Those who say Then who is he? Shyam Sundar Yes. Ok? He was appointed in BHU Were. Where? In BHU. Ok? at BHU Which is called Banaras Hindu Vishwa If there is a university then it is for the teachers there.
Was appointed as. 1921 I don't go, I got appointed there. Their Then I did MA there. Then PhD from there.
Ok? What happened? PhD from there again The first PhD took place. Who among these Did you do it? Who can tell you this? Kirti ji You tell me quickly. First PhD in Hindi Who did it? He was a prominent scholar of Hindi.
The linguistic critic was Nimkar. Chief You may not remember that the literary criticism I will not tell anything. literary criticism Try it. The third linguistics is Nagari.
Establishment of Pracharini Sabha Kashi. Ok?
Its establishment and development have been extremely Has played an important role. civil campaigner gathering. Citizen's Campaign Meeting in Kashi in Hindi Sabha is dedicated to the scientific study and He has made a special contribution in standardization.
We already know about them already.
Bus Balmukund Gupta arrives. Ok? By which It had been too much. Ok?
Yes, Shukla had said the argument. Such Hindi Only one person used to write.
Yes father Batwal okay let's go very good Okay, yes, very good Ansh Babu, you Very good answer, no problem Very beautiful Balmukund Gupta Bharat Mitra The Hindi translation of the letter is fearless.
Who is the journalist and essayist Balmukund Gupta?
Letters of Shri Shambhu and Letters of Shiv Shambhu Through him he introduced Lord Curzon into it.
The then Lord Curzon was an imperialist He makes sharp and sarcastic comments on policies.
Who does it? You are from the satire of Tusha Have people read it? in Hindi journalism To give a strong voice to political satire The credit goes to them. After this comes Chandrama Guleri. Sanskrit, Prakrit and Pali And he has been a great scholar of history.
Who? Mr Guleri. Remember this for You will not understand in Hindi literature that so many till. So Guleriji, how did Sanskrit Prakrit and Pali languages and history Guleria ji was a great scholar. Their The main essay is Tortoise Religion. Ok? Marys Ok. Marishi mohi kuthai old hindi। You all might know old Hindi. wherever Old Hindi word comes to you immediately Guleriji must have included it in his statement.
If we talk about literary old Hindi, Shukla Yes, tortoise religion is their most important thing.
Turtle religion. In his essays, there is a great deal of subversiveness, Of humor, satire and original thinking, right?
Amazing coordination is achieved. It even got to this point Some people get dots somehow, Sardar Purna Singh. Sardar Puran Singh in Hindi Is the emotional and well-behaved? Persona He has been an essayist. be a personal essayist Are. What is the major essay? wages and Love. Wage love, civility of conduct, True bravery, Kanyadaan. Ok? America To Musk. Ok? Will Watson like this Station? You guys also did the same thing.
After this, this is the most important thing for you.
People will also remember Well, in his essays, humanism, labor The prestige of morality and spirituality A beautiful combination of emotions is found in this But Swami, it is okay, this is important on these Swami Ramtirtha is fine Emerson Carlyle Tustoy and O.K. Whitman What is Whitman's profound influence?
Mostly write it down, okay. whose The effect was teaching Sardar Pus is fine.
Babu, who had influence on Sardar Pun Singh?
So Swami Ramtirtha is fine. Emerson's After this, Tost's Carlyle's Well, Weitman had a profound influence on all of this.
Ruskin's special emphasis on sweetness and love The effect is accepted. Who? all this Who are you referring to? So Bachchan Singh are mentioned. Ok? Bachchan after Singh is referring to whose authority these There was impact. Who is telling all this? Bachchan Lion Subsequent important critical signals We give. According to Bachchan Singh, the former In essays from the period of pure potentialism knowledge, thought, social consciousness and Balanced personality development is evident Is.
After this, in the period of Purusha Sanitation Development of critical criticism and is it okay?
How did the Dev Bihari controversy begin? it We will see the matter. Ok? What is? Is Push Sanitationism means in Dwivedi period How critical criticism developed We see that thing. push hygiene Systematic and correct presentation of Hindi criticism during this period Systematic development has begun.
The development is completed in a systematic manner Because that's where the whole game started.
Ok? Regarding Bihari Dev. After this comes There are two main critical aspects in this era: developed in streams. in the biennial era Two main streams of criticism developed.
Who all? So a gross morality critique.
The gross moralistic criticism in which Mahavira Prasad Dwivedi was there. a formalist critique A formalist criticism by Padam Singh Sharma And it's okay Krishna Bihari Bihari's comparative study Kuch Leke Padam Started by Singh Sharma. Its After Man Prasad Dwivedi literary Evaluation Morality Utility Always Society He did it on the basis of reform and public welfare. it He was an idealistic person. Who? big Prasad Dwivedi ji. How does he own If anyone used to evaluate literature then What is the utility of morality in society?
What use is there in social reform?
Is there any advice for reform or public welfare?
This is good for society. This is good for society.
Who would look into these things whether they were in the interest or not?
Marsa Dwivedi ji is fine, on the other hand Padma Shri Sharma O and Krishna Bihari Mishra Central poetry of the Riti period of criticism Was it beauty and ornamentation and poetic skill?
The other thing was Padma Shri Sharma and Krishna The focus of Bihari Mishra's criticism What was it? So the poetic beauty of the Riti period Poetry of the Riti period, beauty, ornamentation and poetry Skill was this thing of the second criticism like bi Like in the Dwivedi era, there were two main areas of criticism.
It was vocalized in two parts. Ok? First Who happened? So first towards Mahavir Dwivedi From macroscopic moral criticism. The second happened Criticism of the Ritikal period. Ok? formalist There was criticism. Of which Padma Shri Sharma and It happened with Krishna Bihari Mishra. two types After this comes the Dev Bihari controversy Start. Ok? criticism of this period The most famous literary controversy is Dev and This is Biharism. What is? Dev and Bihari There is a dispute. Among the most famous controversies Which one is it? Dev is Bihariva. Let's see Are.
Krishna [clearing his throat] Bihari Mishra wrote a book called Dev and Bihari.
Attempts to prove the superiority of God Have done. Krishna Bihari Mishra. Ok?
Krishna Bihari Mishra wrote a book named Dev and Bihari.
To prove the existence of God by writing a book Has done the work of. Who is Krishna Bihari Mishra?
Is? So he is Bihari's son. Ok?
He is Bihari's son. You will remember People. In response to this, Lala Bhagwan Deen It is okay to call Bihari by writing Bihari and Dev side is presented. when his own son Other critics started being given more importance.
It is okay to make the other author appear bigger.
It seemed as if Dev then Lala Bhagwan Ji came in between.
I jumped in after this okay then bigger than Dev Bihari had shown the name of the book It was kept Bihari and Dev, it is fine out of that Seen taking Bihari's side more I saw Lala Bhagwan ji coming again Padam Singh Sharma did Bihari Satsai presented a comparative critical Padma Singh Sharma, meanwhile, had a doctor According to Bachchan Singh, this controversy has affected the Hindi language.
The trend of comparative study in criticism and yet its basis still remains formalist values are fine criteria [sound of clearing throat] It was only there. Remember in Hindi literature Who initiated comparative criticism?
If it happens by It happens through them only. after this What started from there was comparative study or comparative criticism of your Let's see what is the important statement? Bachchan According to Singh, one of the criticisms of this era On the one hand, the moral viewpoint and on the other, the formalist viewpoint Aesthetic vision appears active.
Then comes the male ableist poem.
And Mathison Gupta and Chapter Shri Upadhyay Now we have talked about Haribodh in the essay.
The matter is settled. We have talked about criticism. Now Let's talk about poetry. Ok? on poetry Let's talk. Let's talk about poems.
Let go.
Okay, remember this. I'll just ask right now Whom he will tell. Ok? Here I write I have been. Then I will start Ahead.
Dev and Bihari.
Whose book is Dev and Bihari? First Second Bihari.
Ok? What is? Bihari and And Dev, whose book is this? This is you guys Please write. Ok? Quickly in the comments Tell me. You guys will give one more that Dev and Bihari is it okay? Dev Dev Bihari is okay?
Dev Bihari controversy Who started the controversy? by whom Was it the beginning? This in the form of a question This happened. And one is fine? Two of the criticisms It was the method. Ok? India in the Dwivedi era The criticism was divided into two parts. two branches It was open. Ok? Who was the first to say And who was the other one? Please tell me this also. Ok?
Okay, you have a total of four questions.
Answer all four immediately. So I I will move ahead.
After this we come from here that Male hygiene. Male hygienic capacitance National consciousness was the center of poetry during the period Social awakening, moral ideals and Khari Boli Hindi has a reputation. of this period Most Influential Poet Mathilisan Gupta Are considered. What is this period of time Who is the most famous poet?
Maithilisan of Gupta II era. Dr. Bachchan According to Singh, Mathilisan Gupta is very fine Is. Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi ji's best friend He had a great following. He was the biggest follower.
There were students too. Ok? Isn't it?
So according to Dr. Bachchan Singh Mathis Gupta Mahavir Dwivedi's eldest son There were followers. If you call him the biggest devotee then 1912 Bharat Bharati published in AD Giving a broader voice to national consciousness Had done. Absolutely an inspiration from Bharat Bharti From Mudassya Hali and Kaifi's Bharat Darpan It is considered. So first of all remember this Bachchan Singh accepts. Only Shukla No, he says no or Bachchan Singh also says Are. Ok? Here we get the point on both What is the best inspiration from Bharat Bharti?
Bharat Darpan by Mulayam Hali and Kaifi It was considered to be considered to be. Saket Creations It started in 1914 AD Is. Saket's inspiration Mahaprasad Dwivedi Famous article by Urmila Abhishek in poetry was met with indifference. This is for you guys first You must know from this. But of Saket creation When did you start writing? This is your date Remember this. It is most important. Ok?
When was Saket completed? So in 1931. Is No? When did Saket start writing? 1914 In AD. All this is important. Memory Please keep this. Yes. Let me see what The first number is Krishna Bihari and the second number is Lala Bhagwan Deen. Yes very nice. Another one I asked four questions. You guys are just two have answered. Abhay Babu Krishna Sir I I understood you. From Krishna to Dev and Bihari.
Ok. Krishna Sir is ahead What further publications good publications when ask See what book publications are going on Bachchan Singh's book I am not even in the video I am not showing you, I have kept the book here.
The year of publication is mostly not given in the book.
Okay, it is published in Shukla ji's book.
The year is available but in their book The publication year is not widely available.
The year of publication of a book is rarely available.
Like Saket's is given here, okay like this Many people get it, but they don't get it right.
So whatever I am, I will remain absolutely I will include it and go. Let's go to Saket Where did you get the inspiration? So Prasad Dwivedi I got it from an article by. What did you find?
Abhishek indifference got towards poetry. You I have a question for the people that Dwivedi ji Where did you get the inspiration from? Ok?
Where did Dwivedi ji get inspiration from?
Please tell me this.
There is no such thing. Just wait a little longer Take it. After this there will be class. This article Dwivedi ji said it is okay. Bhujang Bhushan It was written by a Chhadnath named Bhattacharya. What By name? So by the name of Bhujang Bhushan Bhattacharya Wrote the article. After this we move on Are.
This is so important in this fact.
It hasn't come, it is the same thing that you people already have.
I am reading. If something new remains If it was important then it would have felt better.
But at least we are getting something new. You People are knowing so much that we will finish them.
Do it or book it. Therefore, read with this hope and Whatever you find important, you should immediately Keep.
Bhagwat Bihari Dev yes absolutely very good Shiv ji, Kirti ji, what are you saying?
Sir, why do you get it done in between? What Ma'am doesn't you get it done occasionally? Ma'am, all She gets things done. Ma'am, where is the rights class?
it occurs. I can't give myself time Am. Many people think that it takes time to make all this stuff.
goes. Well then. Ma'am will also take it. Good Part of this tomorrow Part of this tomorrow Next part will be. Ok? The next part will be about this and this From quizzes to complete theory and I will focus on something that is a little more important.
Everything has to be sorted out because books Have to finish half. I think tomorrow Chhayavad is complete Chhayavad somewhere. to Chhayavad The most detailed Is. Chhayavad by Um Bachchan Singh Is. Ok? Chhayavad in great detail Are written. More than half the book It is Chhayavad only. Ok? Post-Shayavad There's not much after that. So let's move ahead.
What is? Chapter Shri in 1914 AD When was Upadhyay born? In 1865. Their Died when the country became independent. Ok? 1914 Priya Pravas was composed in AD.
The most famous beloved travel is spoken in Khari Boli It is considered the first epic of Hindi. This The beginning of Radha Krishna in the epic Ok. not as the original God rather portrayed as public service Has gone. Fine Sanskrit in dear travel Forest circles are used here. And Gets a lot. Dr. Bachchan Singh K According to Priya Pravas, Khariboli poetry It is a historic achievement of development. Important The statement is. The accumulated fund of knowledge is It is the name of literature. Marx Dwivedi says Are. So you guys also remembered it. What Anyone have any problems?
Now, I would like to tell you guys a little bit here and ask you.
Am. Everyone please look at the question carefully Look at the question I am asking. Correct Is? that Bharat Bharti Who inspired you? Saket Creations to do Who inspired you to write Saket?
Was? And secondly, when did the Saket creation begin?
Was it done? Start writing to write When was it done for?
When did the third publication take place? It is not known when it started.
I have asked what happened. Ok? after this Dear travel, you all will remember it. Correct Is? Krishna is fine in the composition Priya Pravas.
What forms did Krishna show to Radha?
Has gone? Come on, give me everything quickly. Now come Nathuram Shankar is a flower potentist and Gyan Prasad Shukne, Shridhar Pathak and Ramsh Tripathi sees all this in context I am. Nathuram Shankar Sharma Nathuram Sharma Shankar Preservationism Major national and social reforms of the period Okay, he was a social reformer and reformist poet.
What is his famous work? their The famous work is Garbhanda Rahasya. Its The subject matter is called articles. In this work The miserable condition of widows and their condition in temples prevalent immoral behavior and social The events have been depicted realistically.
Ok? I will remember its subject matter. Now Next come the two names of the known mother-in-law and the loving one He used to compose poetry. By an affectionate name After this, a romantic poem named Snehi National Trishul Patriotic poem named Trishul hence What does the trident represent? So Lord Shankar Don't know what Lord Shankar is for?
Let's go? As a destroyer.
Destroy means neither as in destroyer Patriotic poetry used to show the form of Trishul In. Ok? chief lover of power Doesn't seem affectionate. Is the name okay?
He used to write romantic poetry with love.
Now after this comes in 1928 AD He published the magazine Sukavi.
Had started. of Sukavi magazine Who started the publication? So 1928 AD Remember this, pay a little attention Please give it. Yes. After this comes Sridhar The reader is introduced to the pre-romantic poetic tradition He is considered a poet. Former romantic Meaning of poetic stream is pre-eminent He is considered the main poet of Kavadhara.
Sridhar is an English poet. Gold Smith He had translated many of his works into Hindi.
It is very important. Which one is okay? One It was a deserted village. Ok? Ujad village means Ruined. Ok? what we don't call people What happened? It was left desolate.
Desolate means there was a famine. Ok? So Ujaad Ujaad means desert. Ok? So Desert Village. Ujad Ujad means desert Meaning. Ok? All sand Rajasthan What is? It is desolate in many places. So, Uj D Desert Village. This will be remembered. Then its English also asks which magazine it is.
If that is the translation then this is the quiet traveler, the quiet traveler what is saint pathik hai this the traveller is This is a name, you guys please take a look at it After this comes the solitary yogi, the recluse.
Yogi, this is the most important thing, okay, recluse.
What is a Yogi? The Hermit is translated [nasal sound] Reader's The main major original work is Jagat Sachchisar There is Kashmir, there is Sushma, all this is important Keep remembering this integrative yogi Published 1991 After this we move ahead. you guys Please tell me quickly about the publication of Kamvasi Yogi What is the year? It is 1991.
Now let's move ahead. Please tell me Ansh Babu.
After this Ramnesh Tripathi ji man The most important poet of the house of Santavadi Are. His three famous volumes are poetry. One There is a meeting, there is a traveler's dream. Milan Wanderer Whose is it in the dream? So Ramesh Tripathi Is of. After this, these three poems Liberation from foreign rule in poetry National consciousness and self-sacrifice of youth has an effect. Ok? sense of self-sacrifice prominently visible. Dr. Bachchan According to Singh, from Shridhar Pathak to Ramesh Sanitationist in Hindi poetry till Tripathi The seeds of consciousness are clearly visible.
It seemed. What are you saying? Look here The Dwivedi era started from here. Its Later in the Dwivedi era, some Dwivedi Mandal After this, where did you come next?
The last poet of the Dwidi era till Shridhar Pathak All this happened Shridhar Pathak, all this is fine Ram Tripathi, after this Chhayavad from here Chhayavad started from here when the last After becoming a poet, the influence was visible from here.
Chhayavad was felt through the works of these people.
began to dominate the poetic tendencies of was starting to develop, meaning to say more dominance had not begun to develop Later, from here Prasad ji came first The shadowy image has been changed, okay?
[sound of clearing throat] It even happened. Some believe in Muqaddar Pandey Yes, some consider it as Prasad. like this own According to Bachchan Singh, Pathak was the first Hindi reader.
romantic He is a poet. ex romantic mean ex He is a capable poet. You will remember people To. Then comes the fifth ableism.
Meaning, what is the time period of Chhayavad?
It is believed to be from 1920 to 1940 AD. Even Will you guys remember? Even remember Will remain. No one has any problem.
Let go I'm taking a look at your comments.
That Saket had asked about things many times The beginning of writing is considered to be from 1914.
Saket has been in a very sad state lately.
194 ok very good section 1933 happened very Excellent You are very nice. Let go Yes, very good sir.
Let us move forward Let go. Naming of Chhayavad and Dr. Bachchan Let us see the establishment of the lion. Bachchan Singh coined the term Chhayavad as Chhayavad.
scientifically and historically complete Not considered suitable. Why did you not agree Is? Why haven't you accepted it? Your first paper If you have seen the class, it is very good.
Was told. Ok? So not suitable I agree. According to him, the stream of Hindi Sanitarianism for this section of considered the word more appropriate and accurate Is. Ok?
Traditional historians called it Chhayavad.
But Dr. Bachchan Singh objected to this naming.
expressed serious objection. Ramchandra Shukla used the term Chhayavad two done in a meaningful way. Ok? one then Another poetic style in the sense of mysticism or Symbol as a symbolist method. Correct Is? Rahasya mystery in the sense of mysticism.
The second is of poetic style or symbolic view.
In form. Ok? As a very methodical way.
It is very important. One thing you will remember is that Mysticism is another poetic style. Ok?
Remember not a replica. Let's go. Of as a style or method Will go. Two things are very important. Its According to Bachchan Singh, the name Chhayavad Representing an entire poetic movement It does not because it only creates a trend.
There is a realization of. Ok? What is? Why Didn't you name it? So Bachchan Singh said According to this, the name Chhayavad is given to this entire poetry.
Does not represent the movement. of force rather because rather meaning because this Only a tendency is perceived. their It is clear that the entire poetic tradition The true nature is purely potentialistic.
How it is? So clean is potentialist. Everyone Being free to create whatever I wanted Had been. Ok? Any anger in your heart Were taking it out. I saw a mountain there She is composing different types of poetry. Ok? Any It is about the air by Nirala ji.
In this, take the air, take the wind, it is okay All this is poetry, after this it comes from here Nandura Vajpayee ji said Nand Vajpayee ji While defining Chhayavad, he has written that subtle but of spiritual shadows in expressed beauty Bhaan is my name, Chhayavad is right after becoming aware The definition of this is as follows, remember it Sumitanand Pant compared Chhayavad to Western Relation to the Romantic Movement of Literature I agree, right? Remember Smit Pant Where does it connect to Chhayavad? So, okay Is? Romantics of Western Literature Relation to movements, okay? by relation Connects. after this According to Dr. Bachchan Singh, this is the meaning of Hindi The entire movement was adapted to Indian conditions.
Hygienism is developed. What is? Bachchan According to Singh, this entire Hindi The movement developed under Indian conditions.
It is hygienicism. Ok? and hygienism What is? So it fits perfectly according to them.
And not to call it Chhayavad. So not shadowy It is more scientific and historical to say hygienism Is. Who says? says Bachchan Singh.
subtle Ketu manifestations of human or nature spiritual beauty in the spiritual The awareness of the shadow in my name is the most important thing in my opinion.
considers appropriate. Who? Vajpayee ji. Memory You will need these two quotations.
Let go It even happened. Now if Wait a little bit.
What important things are we seeing here?
For? So, one thing we have seen is that Ramchandra Shukla Whom does Ramchandra Shukla believe in? So Ramchandra Shukla believes it in two senses.
What is that it is believed in two senses. Two Who believes that the meaning is the same? So Mystery In the sense of mysticism. Who else believes Are? So as a method or as a symbol Any symbol in the form of a symbol.
Ok? Who is the symbolism or whatever else?
So Bachchan Singh What is? Bachchan Singh whom we are reading Are. What does Bachchan Singh say? So It is called self-efficacy.
Autocompetence.
Ok? Cleanliness is called shadowism In place of. Second Nand Vajpayee ji is I have already explained this while giving the definition.
Who is Sumitranandan Pant? Sumitranandan Pant. Whom does Sumitranandan Pant ji connect with?
Are? So after Western literature, I mean What is meant here by Western literature?
So English literature is fine, then Western Which movement do you connect with literature?
So Romantic Right from the Romantic Movement even links it to the Romantic movement.
I got it, let's move on.
Next comes Jaishankar Prasad with 189 Right up to 1927-37 AD, the era of hygienism The main pillar is Jaishankar Prasad, okay Cleanliness means the main poet of Chhayavad The playwright and storyteller is a car and thinker. Who They say? They say. Their famous Poems in Hindu magazine in 1909 AD It has been published under the name Kaladhar. 1900 AD It was published in The Hindu magazine. Love traveler and Chitradhara in its early form in Braj Bhasha Was. So later he learned Khariboli Hindi.
was converted into. Remember the picture The picture is still fine. year of publication How much is it? 1914 or 1918 or 1914 AD No? 1914 AD Ah, in this all the Braj language The poems have been compiled. lovers So that's the first one. after this Tears come. Aansoo is in 1935 AD.
Tears in 1935 Revised Edition in 1933 Removed. Aansoo is basically a poem of separation. Who They say? says Bachchan Singh. Bachchan According to Singh, in its first edition Ok? Teenage feelings. Ok? teenage feelings The raw emotion of is visible. Very Important: Please look into this a little. Ok?
what about tears say that first His version of Aansoo was in the Kishore Feeling is fine. Teenage feeling is raw.
Emotionality is visible, it will be remembered after this He used pain as an example.
The roar is fine, like the roar of pain.
expressions are indicated. 1933 Prasad in the revised edition in AD It is considered more philosophical, humanitarian and world welfare Have tried to connect with the spirit of.
After this we come to the wave. Ok? Bus There's a little bit more. After this we all wave Is it in 1933? Wave in the wave in 1933 Prasad's poetic talent has reached a more mature form.
It is visible from. Ok? what's in the wave Is? Appears in a more mature form.
It involves aesthetic sense, sensitivity and artistic Excellent expression is obtained.
The Shadow of Doom is the next in the poem The ideological background of Kamayani is clearly It is visible from. Ok? Where? In the wave.
So Kamayani was a modern version of Kamayani in 1935.
It is considered the best epic of Hindi.
Kamayani is the best of modern Hindi considered an epic or precisely Vaivagama What exactly is the hedonism and theism of the Svagam philosophy?
Samasatta is based on the philosophy of Savagam Apples are the main symbols of Kamayani philosophy.
Manu, the one who has faith in his mind and love in his heart It is Ida of the intellect which is right Intelligence is science and logic, all these You guys see all this pair by pair.
Please stay a little important, Bachchan Singh has given his critical mind to this That according to Bachchan Singh, Kamayani The character of faith is one of complete surrender.
The Middle Ages are based on the ideal. Very Important: Keep watching this for a while.
What has Bachchan Singh said about Shraddha?
So the perfect self is okay? what do they add Are? So first of all medieval idealism Connect with devotion. Ok? full To the faith of surrender. After this their According to him, Ida is the sign of wisdom and science.
represents adopted towards This approach is not entirely modern. They What is he saying? that according to their According to him, Ida is the source of intellect and science.
The copy has been adopted. approach completely Doesn't look modern. Who says Vachan Singh It is that Ida, the intellect of modern intelligence What does it mean? modern written by modern If I go then I will definitely connect it with the modern one.
But Bachchan rejects Singh here.
that modern perfection does not appear modern Is. Ok? His poems in his thoughts For this reason, his famous conclusion The conclusion is that Kamayani is modern Giving the impression of modernity but not becoming modern The letter is fine, this is Bachchan Singh's very The important critical statement is that Kamayani Giving the impression of modernity but not becoming modern This is most important to you people.
should memorize this okay what is that modern even while giving the impression of Kamayani modernity It is not possible, after this we move on Nirology pe ok as important The thing that was important. I include him I have done it. I start including everything So this will not even be possible. a teacher as if you were a student Even I won't be able to see this much. Yes, yes Okay, I'll drink some water, no problem.
Suryakant Tripathi Nirala 1896 to 1961 Personality and work vision till AD and Major works will see this. Suryakant Tripathi Nirala ji, how clean it is The most rebellious of potential egos Independent consciousness and love He was an experimental poet. love not Clean potentialists were experimental poets Meaning, it is the most rebellious of Chhayavad.
If the most rebellious poet of Chhayavad If you ask who is Nirala ji, Nirala said Edited the Matwala and Samanwaya magazine of okay after that coordination which magazine Where did it come from? Ramakrishna Mission The magazine was the magazine of Ramakrishna Mission Remember, after this we move on.
Which one is intoxicated and coordinated properly?
It has published a magazine Nirala's first published poem Juhi This is the Juhi bud, I am talking about the wind Had been. Ok?
Ok? This is where this poem comes in the most To be published first in Sariti Was given. But Dwivedi ji said this It was looted. What to say that in this Obscenity is the word. obscenity is just a word How much was it? One word for this also in today's To say it was obscene in itself. What The thing was the wind blows hard from here And he says what kind of line was that you guys had.
Who remembers that fair cheek bridge right here I can't quite remember where If you remember, please write it down.
So Nirala's Hindi poetry is considered He is considered the originator of the main verse.
What is wacky? Main Stanzas of Hindi Poetry is considered the originator of. remember this It is most important.
He played the role of Parimal in the poem Freedom and historical theory presented While doing this it has been written that the liberation of man is right Is? of the liberation of mankind [sound of clearing throat] like poetry too There is liberation. free from the confines of verses Being itself is the liberation of poetry. This is in what Is Parim okay? It is most important. Parimal Nirala ji writes in the preface. Correct Is?
You guys will remember it. Nirala's Swami Vivekananda's Advaita on Poetry There is a deep influence of Vedanta. So The way prasad is swayed on Nirala This is how philosophy influenced Nirala.
The influence of Advaita is visible. Correct Is? Advaita Vedanta in his work Freedom, rebellion, humanity, right?
Social justice and personality Reputation is prominently expressed.
You guys will remember it. One of its Saroj Smriti is a famous poetic work.
Who was Saroj to him? She was a daughter. Ok?
Saroj Smriti is the best in Hindi, right?
considered the best personal elegy goes. Who says this? This is Bachchan Singh says. Ok? Remember most All these things are important statements. This is his daughter A sad poem was written on the death of Saroj It is poetry. How it is? It is a pathetic poem. Correct Is? It includes Nirala's personal life.
conflict, economic deprivation and social suffering A poignant depiction is provided.
Is it right in this poem? ears in this poem Sharp on the stereotypes of Kubja Brahmins Satire has been made. This Kanya Kubj is fine Is. What is? This ear is of the hunchback clan.
It is fine after eating. Make a hole in the plate. Correct?
These come specifically from that society. Correct Is? And they also do good work in influencing that society.
Are. Even today society is still suffering from these stereotypes.
I exist in this way. Ok?
He also satirized traditional marriage customs.
through this poem. From such a Shiva ok girija marriage ok what is it girija I don't want to marry Ram.
Shakti worship is also famous for them.
Let's take a look, remember Ram in this.
Bengali story of Shakti Puja Kirtivasa is taken from Ramayana.
What is the effect of worshipping the power of Rama?
From which book did you read it, Kirtivas Ramayana is fine, Niral has described it only as war.
Instead of making it a story, it is portrayed as the inner struggle of Rama.
The form of internal conflict is shown.
According to Bachchan Singh, in this poem, Ram is struggle really independent okay sorry Samay Nirala's life is considered a symbol of struggle.
goes. Remember, according to whom?
According to Bachchan Singh, what we People read, don't they read Ram?
Nirala's time in the Shakti Puja of Rama We see the character of Nirala in it.
Nirala's sorrow, yes Nirala's personality It is reflected in it. So who says the words? Are Bachchan Singh says friend. Ok? Memory Please keep this in mind, it is a little important. Its One poem comes in Badal Raga. Ok? Parimal considered the most important long poem of The cloud raga goes away. What is it compiled in? So In Parimal. Ok? There is a revolution in the clouds.
Ok? What does the cloud mean as a revolution?
Viplav means revolution. Correct? Forms of revolution is shown in. Cloud here show okay?
Destruction of exploitative forces and the farmers and Considered a symbol of the emancipation of the working class There are clouds.
So you see how in Chhayavad It is standardly designed Let us look at the important critical statements.
There are a little bit What do you say like the liberation of humans Poetry also gets liberated from the verses Liberation from the periphery is the liberation of poetry.
Who is he, Nirala ji says where?
Pe says in the role of Parimal According to Bachchan Singh, there is another opinion which we You have already read that according to Bachchan Singh Rama's struggle in Rama's Shakti Puja Nirala became a symbol of his life's struggle.
or according to whom, then Bachchan Singh's According to him it is most important to remember this statement keep it up you guys okay what is this statement Bachchan Singh says it is most important.
Just a little Babu And I will hardly have 10 minutes Sumit Nandan Pant ji Sumit Nandan Pant ji is clean Aesthetic consciousness and poetry of Sanitarism Let's talk about vision. Sumit Pant 1990 Sorry, from 1900 AD to 1977 AD, their Happened. Born in 1997 AD His death. Major poets of Sanitarism are known as.
Now let us look at some of his poetry.
According to Bachchan Singh, Pant's initial Westerns on early poetry Ok? The Western Romantic Movement, which as the Romantic movement, which we now know as If people translate it into Hindi, it becomes Chhayavad.
What is the Hindi meaning of romantic movement?
So, shadowism. Ok? If shadowism is clear then The effect is visible. Pant himself It is accepted that the competence of Hindi From the Romantic Movement of Western Literature Is affected. Who says this? Pant himself Have accepted. Ok? what is that pant accepted that Hindi ableism post-romantic literature affected by movement.
The beauty of nature is soft in Pant's poetry.
empathy and human love, imagination and Beauty Buddha gets prominence. his language is highly musical, musical, and symbolic full of emotional and soft words Is.
After this, Pant considered nature only as a visual not in form but in the form of living consciousness is featured in. Freedom Nature and Man in Hygiene Poetry The essence of the world of emotions is correct This is the main feature of the poetry of the sect. What Is? What are you saying? Nature and man The world of emotions. Ok? essence of the world of emotions Meaning together your poetry is the main feature Is. Ok? According to Bachchan Singh, Pant's Early poetry is a reflection of the hygienic consciousness.
It is a very powerful example. It even happened.
After this we move ahead. of shadowism Relationship to the Romanticism of Western Literature It is from the movement. Who says? Mr Pant.
In this Pant ji says most important Is. I have already told this. Now let us go Are. Nirala's worship of Rama's power To take a conceptual and critical view. Correct Is? Bengali story of Ram's Shakti Puja Kritva is from Rasmayan. Which is okay? Effect Fell down. But Nirala did it completely New psychological and social meanings Has provided. Saroj according to Vachan Singh not just personality like memory and Still, Nirala's policy in this is struggle for life.
Is it okay? lifelike okay lifelike form Present since. are done. Rama in poetry Ravana's war is not just a character but a symbol Is. Whose Rama is in the satiated arms of Rama?
Is? So higher human consciousness and struggling Description of man. Is Ram okay? Ravana Whose? continuing trends okay okay The following tendencies are unjust and oppressive War as powers okay person and the self that continues to operate within society.
Remember Sangharsh Nirala ji, okay Struggling man is right, Nirala ji Remember here also by connecting it with Nirala See, this conflict is not only religious but Symbol of social, moral and mental struggle What do you say after this, we will see.
Let's take It's almost over. Ok? unique compared his life's struggle to Ram's struggle has been combined with. The victory of Rama In fact, Niral had dedicated his life to the doubt struggle and the then National It is considered a symbol of circumstances. Very It is important. what we see there Ram worships truth. Ram's There are doubts about the victory of Pratik Ram.
Whatsoever way. Ok? in the same way actually He tells about Nirala's life struggle and the then considered a symbol of national circumstances Has gone. At that time the whole country is fine.
fighting against imperialist powers Was. Therefore, the struggle for poetry is national.
It also connects with consciousness. Critics' Opinion Let's see. According to Naresh Mehta, Ram The depiction of the Ravana war is an imaginary not as a concept but as a reality has been laid on the ground. Very It is important. look at this a little bit Please take it. mentions. Ok? Who About Naresh Mehta Acharya Acharya Nand Dulara Vajpayee ji called this work a saga.
It is called poetry. Please see this also. Its Anusara raised the ground of ballad poetry The epic has been given dignity. all this It is a little important for you people.
Keep watching.
What is the speciality of a saga? Folk There is faith. There is overpowering.
The supernatural and the miraculous in this poem Has been transformed. Come on, I don't think so anymore That we have missed something like this.
All this has happened in the same roundabout way.
Let go How did you like the class? tell me quickly Give it.
How have you liked the class so far?
Do not include it as a question today I found that I did not have enough time, I will discuss this tomorrow when I take the next class.
There will be a next part to this. What will happen? tomorrow next There will be a part. At that time I also questioned Question and which completes Chhayavad I will question him. Ok? So everyone tomorrow There will be more questions from this book. Correct Is? And not so much in the way of one liners.
So, you guys must have understood.
I hope it was as important as it was.
I kept that. If I cut the whole If I don't keep it, you people don't understand.
Well, because if I had kept the direct facts I don't understand it that way. so I had to put something like a sort Started. You guys also have some reading skills. So Okay, I hope you guys understand.
Tomorrow night at 9:00 p.m. But okay?
Classes will start tomorrow at 9 PM. Tomorrow at 9 PM Delay.
Let go Yes, thank you very much.
to you people that the important fact in this was that we Fact: I have already read all this. I remember This fact is nothing new to almost everyone.
will get. So it seems that you have read this Looks like I've read it already. So now something new If you get it, now if you buy something new even once Come. Ok? Bachchan place only important I don't understand where these two or four things come from.
How is the statement relating? so therefore I had to keep so much. Ok? Such as Remained sitting in one understanding. what about the child Don't criticize how it is going forward.
Let go Go eat your food and revise.
Please sleep. Some even revise before going to sleep.
Stay and go to sleep thinking about it.
Ok? after thinking Okay, thank you very much. You guys are so late Remained till. Thank you to everyone from the bottom of my heart.
It's so late. Despite this, today you People are waiting.
It won't happen tomorrow.
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