WAEC 2026 CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL SALT ANALYSIS

Added: 2026-05-11

[00:00:01]Hello my lovely viewers all over the world especially my West African followers. Today we want to look at 2026 was chemistry practical salt analysis. All right we are going to look at ya chemistry practical salt analysis which we are going to write on the 20th of this month May 2026. All right. So in your salt analysis remember the end point has already been uploaded on OJI TV. If you are new here just hurry up go to my YouTube channel. Go and search for titration on endpoint 2026 practical chemistry endpoint 2026.

[00:00:49]Just go there look at my YouTube channel name TV. Now today we are going to look at salt analysis. And now what is the thing that you have been given in that analysis? We are given we are given starch and lear carbonate.

[00:01:07]Le two carbonate.

[00:01:09]We are given this salt le carbonate and and starch.

[00:01:17]Now we are asked to mix these two things in a ratio of 1 is to one. It means that if you weigh le two carbonate 2 g you must also weigh stash stash grano 2 g that is what we mean by ratio of one is to one. So if this one is three this one will measure three. If this one is four this one you also measure this one four you mix them together. All right. And as you know, let cararbonate leoscarbonate is not soluble. It's an insoluble salt.

[00:01:55]Also, starch grano is also insoluble.

[00:01:59]So, we have a mixture of two insoluble substance. Now, how do you do that?

[00:02:04]Remember in your practical salt analysis, you always create a column, a table of form of test, observation, and inference. So that is what we're going to do. So if you are watching for the first time, just remember I'm going to hold a live session on my YouTube channel come Friday, come Friday, 8th of May, 2026 on YouTube, 700 p.m. West African time. So this is the way of me reciprocating your support towards the development of my uh pl teaching platform. And if you are following me on Facebook, you can as well follow me on Tik Tok OJ Mike one on Instagram or Mike_mike.

[00:02:50]Then on YouTube is Oji TV. Just hurry up and go and subscribe or follow any of my social media platform. Now let's go.

[00:03:01]Like I say your test must be uh your salt analysis must be reported in test observation and what an inference. So we go with test. We have test, we have observation and we have inference.

[00:03:33]So we have three major things. Yeah.

[00:03:41]We have test observation and what an inference. Now the first thing you are going to do remember the mixture of this um lead two trios carbonate and starch will be titled C because they're not going to give you like that. It is only the teachers that they will give um they already know what is there. So now that letter will be titled what? Either C or D as the case may be. All right. So now we will title our a mixture of that as what? As C.

[00:04:19]As what? As C. Now the first thing you'll be asked to do, you are going to dissolve that in water.

[00:04:28]So we say C plus distilled plus distilled water.

[00:04:43]If it if it dissolve that in water of course you know that it's going to be insoluble. Okay. So what you are going to have is what? C is insoluble in water. Do you get that? C is what?

[00:04:56]Insoluble in water. And a white solid is what is observed. That is what you're going to have. So here in observation you see C is insoluble insoluble in water and a white solid.

[00:05:23]A white solid is observed.

[00:05:32]and a Y solid is observed. Now what will be your inference? You say C is a mixture of insoluble substance.

[00:05:57]C is a min of instrument. Any stage you finish you have to line. All right.

[00:06:03]Sometimes this test part will be given to you. You are only expected to write the observation part and what the inference. All right. That is what and other standard examination normally do.

[00:06:16]So this test part you might you might likely be what be given. Now the next thing is what?

[00:06:24]Say it is insoluble.

[00:06:26]Insoluble two substance. What can you use it to? Remember the ion we are expected to test is what? We have lead two ion. We have carbonate ion.

[00:06:42]We have um of course this one will give rise to what? CO1, CO2 and what do we have? Um iodine of course that is um stash. These are the things that we need to test. Let two ion carbonate ion and of course this one will give rise to what carbon dioxide because of what we are going to pass out through what through lime water that is calcium hydroxide.

[00:07:10]Now the next thing we are going to do is that we are going to dissolve this thing because it is insoluble. Insoluble means that when you dissolve the things they don't mix together. So you cannot call it a solution. The ion are still intact.

[00:07:23]This ion here they are still intact. So until it become solubable that is where you can now test to check for the ions.

[00:07:32]Do you get that? So the next thing we going to do is that we are going to dissolve this in acid. So you say is that if you t this one a this one is tit a. All right. So you are going to say C plus dilute dilute H C or H N O3. Now this part is very very important. We want to check for lead ion and what carbonate.

[00:08:06]This part that I'm going to explain is very very important. That is why you need to pay attention. W will rather give you either HCL that hydrochloric acid or trios nitrate five acid. They cannot give you the two. I will explain why they will not give you the two. They will give you either this one or this one. So we are going to break down that is why this video you have to be very very careful.

[00:08:32]And for teachers teaching your student you have to teach them this two part because what I am explaining now it will be exactly the way will give you my prediction are always 98% accurate.

[00:08:47]Now if you treat this one and this one look at the equation form let's use the equation first. If you treat this of course you you treat um P B3 plus H C what is going to form is what is um lead let chloride plus what CO2 plus what H2O of course we have two here now this is what is going to form are you following now this substance is insoluble Is it soluble? Therefore, you might be asked to heat it.

[00:09:31]You might be asked to what? To heat it.

[00:09:33]So, when you're doing the laboratory after treating with HCL, you have to heat it.

[00:09:40]You have to heat it. When you heat this sauce, what you are going to see is that as soon as you heat it, it will dissolve. But when you allow it now when you now leave it now to cold after cold the it will now come back. Of course this substance is white precipitate will be formed. Do you understand? Now when you heat it the white precipitate will dissolve. When you now allow it to cold it will now do what? The white precipitate will now appear again. So before the white precipitate appear you have to filter it. But if you use this one now, if you use Pb CO3 plus H N O3, of course give you lead what?

[00:10:24]Lead nitrate plus CO2 plus what? Water. Now if you use this acid now if you use this acid now this one because there was a present of this nitrate it is soluble this one is soluble so they will not require you to heat this one all right of course this one there there's no white precipitate but this one there will be white precipitate so if you treat this substance with HCl what you are going to see is what is lead chloride And it will be what white precipitate will occur and which you need to treat it with heat. But if it if you have if they ask you of HNO3 there is no need of it because this substance is soluble. So it's just for you to filter it because it contains starch. Remember it's a mixture of starch starch does not react with any of them any of the acid. So it will always continue to dissolve and the particle will settle down. Do you understand? Then you can that is why we need to treat this one separate separate. So I will first of all treat this one. After treating it, you only have two test for you to use and confess the presence of what? Of le ion. Do you understand? Now moving further, let us treat with this one. Dilute HCl. Now when you put any of this HCl, what you are going to do is ephether you put this one or put this one. Ephes is on eScent.

[00:11:56]are going to see is what a fe is bubble you see bubble coming out do you get that bubble will begin to what bubble will begin to come out and that bubble that will come out you see see what h say colorless colorless orderless orderless gas evolve colorless orderless gas what evolve. Now what you are seeing that colorless orderless gas that is being evolved what you are simply going to see is what CO32 ion is what present that is in your inference this what you are going to write this one is what present now when you now pass that gas that have been evolved just use as the gas is coming out like that plug something connect it So a container of lime water if lime water is there it will turn that lime water what? Milky.

[00:13:04]So you say gas turn lime water melting.

[00:13:10]Gas turn lime water melting.

[00:13:21]Are you following any that don't like water melting? Of course it is what? CO2 carbon 4 oxide. So the gas a gas will come from what? CO2 CO2. So we are finished with the one of carbonate. Want to look at how you can test for lead ion and also iodine test. Now I have told you that when you dissolve when you use HCl you are going to do what? You are going to heat it. After that you now filter it. But if you are using HNO3 you are not going to uh heat it. You are going to use this one. You go direct to filter it. Now when you filter it both of them will now carry this same test that we want to use. All right. So we now say in case you now you now filter you let us say I let's say B I now B I now say filrate you say what filr field plus the filtrate is either from the one of HNO3 or the filr from what? HCl fitrate plus a ammonia in drops in drops. When you put the draw, what you're going to see is that what you say why precipitate precipitate form.

[00:15:12]Some can say why precipitate form. Some can say why precipitate what? Observe.

[00:15:18]And when you see something like that, what you should suspect is what is lead ion.

[00:15:25]Lead ion present or suspected. We can also Okay. Le ion is what present. Now in drug in SS then then in SS precipitate precipitate insulin.

[00:15:53]So precipitate is what is insoluble. You can say that lead 2 ion is what present.

[00:16:03]Le two ion is what is pres present.

[00:16:07]Why we didn't want to use aluminium ion and zinc ion both of them form a white gelatinous precipitate. But in this one there's no white gelatinous. The only alternative method you can use is um calcium ion. All right, calcium ion. Now what really happen is that we are going to use calcium ion in when we'll be looking at sodium hydroxide. So this one is finished. We roll our line. It is either you are asked to use this word or you say B I you see B I 50 plus a sodium hydroxide plus a sodium hydroxide in drops in drops. When you have in draw, what you're going to feel is that why why precipitate?

[00:17:08]Why precipitate or zer or form? I told you that you can use what use form or what observe. Don't write the two. Okay? Write one observe or form. So what they are going to suspect what lead 2 ion or calcium ion is what suspected you can say suspected or present. Okay. Now you added this one in drops. Then then in essence in essence it say precipitate precipitate dissolve.

[00:17:56]Precipitate dissolve or soluble or precipitate is what? Solubable. This is to say that um lead 2 ion is what is present. When precipitate is soluble in a solution containing lead ion when you add excess of this sodium hydroxide the two ion what will be what will be solable. You see a clear solution but it is it is not a confirmatory test. You can confirm it using potassium iodide.

[00:18:26]When you add potassium iodide here, what you're going to see is that a white sorry um a yellow a bright yellow precipitate you will be formed. All right. But then a potassium iodide is not in the reagent that uh that have been given in the instruction material.

[00:18:44]So if potassium iodide is there, you proceed by what? Testing it. Either this one or this one. You test it with what?

[00:18:50]using potassium iodide which you are going to see a white a bright yellow precipitate that is what that is being formed. Do you understand? So in essence of this sodium hydroxide what you are going to do is what what you're going to see is um precipitate will do what will dissolve or precipitate will be soluble.

[00:19:08]So it confirm what electro ion is what present of course ion will not what will not dissolve. Now let's proceed. Now the other one is what? The last one is what?

[00:19:21]Iodine. So we say this one is C. So we say portion portion of mixture portion of mixture of C plus iodine plus iodine. So what you're going to see in your observation is blue blue black blue black. Some say blue black coloration.

[00:20:01]Blue black blue black coloration coloration observe or some can say black black blue or dark dark blue coloration.

[00:20:35]Then if you are a teacher, it is either your student can say blue black coloration or Z. Some can say blue black coloration or Z. Some can say blue black or dark blue coloration or Z. Anyone that you write it is correct. So here stash is what? Stash is present.

[00:20:57]song that say present or what of stash you can just um rephrase it okay stash is present so this is all what you should be expecting more especially this one it is accurate 90 98% what accurate my prediction are always 98% accurate check my previous video on the past uh prediction you see that they always come true all right so here we have um the second the first step is what you treat it be water. The second step treat it with what? With acid. It is either use HNO3 or use dilute um both of them dilute dilute HCl. All right. When you use dilute HCl, you need to what? You need to heat it. When you heat it, you filter it. But when you use um HNO3, you do what? You just filter it because the precipitate will now do what? Will dissolve and form a solution. Then you now filter it. You now use when you get the two. Now it is either you use the one of um use the one of HCl or use the one of HO3. You start with this one.

[00:21:59]Both of them will carry this this uh point. But might either ask you to use the solution of ammonia or you the solution of what? Sodium hydro. I've given you these two step now so that whichever they give you, you can just report it exactly like this. Do you get that? Then of course iodine test for starch will always be present. portion of what the mixture they will not ask you to use the solution the the uh the mixture that is the one that you have already treated with acid all right because it doesn't work like that they will give you they ask you to pick the the mixture of the solution and dissolve the what sorry and add what iodine to it of course is what is present if you are watching this video you will only help me by what by liking this video you can comment on this video so that it will it will reach a wider audience please and please do well to subscribe. If you are watching on YouTube, do well to subscribe. If you are watching on Facebook, a complete video of it is already on uploaded on YouTube. If you are watching on Tik Tok, watching on Instagram, a complete video of it is already uploaded on YouTube. Just go to YouTube. Look at Oji TV. Oji TV is YouTube. That is the YouTube channel name. So just go there, type 2026 salt analysis chemistry practical. a video will pop up and of course you are going to see all this one. I wish you all the best in your exams. Remember I am doing a bonus a free class that will be that will be holding on Friday 8 of 8 of May 2026 8th of May being Friday the time is 700 p.m. on YouTube on YouTube. Go there do well to subscribe turn on your notification bell and wait for the class. The class is going to be the predicted question titration predicted question what they will ask you in your titration and also a vivid explanation of this salt analysis. Thank you for always supporting me. Thank you for always being the best followers. I love you. I love you and I love you. We cannot equate how grateful I am for your continued support. God bless you.