ENGLISH UNIT-2 GRAMMAR PART EXPLANATION | Degree semester-2 english unit-2 full grammar explanation

[00:00:00]Hello dear students, welcome back to our YouTube channel Learn with Sahira. In this video, we are going to see unit number two complete grammar and vocabulary part from the language English of degree second semester.

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[00:00:19]Students, one more important thing I have already prepared damn sure important question and answers notes for all subjects and languages of degree second semester. These notes are easy, simple, clear to understand and 100% exam oriented. And the best part of these notes is just by giving a reading you will get perfect with the complete subject complete language because I have given in detail explanations with very easy and simple terminology. If you want these notes to score O grade in your exams, definitely message me on my Instagram. My Instagram ID link is available in this video description.

[00:00:48]Just message me want notes along with your group and semester. I will be giving you the access to all the notes, but remember these are paid notes. Yes, there is a small payment for the notes, but believe me you're going to see excellent results with these notes. Only the students who want the notes should text me. And if you want to watch all explanation videos of the language English, definitely check out our playlist. The playlist is named English semester two. Link is available in this video description. Do not forget to join our Telegram channel for important updates. Telegram channel link, Instagram link, playlist link, basically all links are available in this video description. Do check it out. Without getting late, let us get started. Guys, in grammar we have a topic named determiners. Now, what are determiners?

[00:01:28]Guys, determiners are words that come before a noun. As simple as that. What are determiners? Determiners are the words that come before a noun. What is a noun, guys? Noun is a naming word, a name of a person, place, thing, animal.

[00:01:43]All those are nouns. So, a word coming before a noun is nothing but determiner.

[00:01:48]They help us to understand which person or thing uh we are talking about, uh who it is, how many or how much. Basically, guys, determiners make the meaning of sentence clear. Okay? That's all. Now, let us try to understand with few examples. The boy is my friend. Here, the tells us which boy we are talking about. This book is interesting. This points to a particular book, right? My bag is new. My tells us that the bag belongs to me. I have two sisters. Two tells the exact number of sisters. So, remember, guys, determiners always come before a noun, and they give us more information about it. Okay? So, this is about determiners. Let us talk about different types of determiners. First, we have articles. Articles are the most common determiners, guys. They are A, and the. We use A before singular words that begin with a consonant sound. What are consonants now? A, E, I, O, U are vowels. Other than A, E, I, O, U, all other alphabets are consonants. So, before consonants, we use A.

[00:02:55]Okay? Examples: a cat. We use an before singular words that begin with a vowel sound. Okay? An apple, an elephant, an egg. Okay?

[00:03:07]Next, we use the when we are talking about a specific person or thing, like the sun, the Hyderabad, the India, the Earth, like that. Okay? So, yes, these are articles. Then, we have demonstrative determiners, guys. They point to a specific person or thing, like this pen, that house, these books, those flowers, and all. Possessive determiners, they show the ownership.

[00:03:30]They tell us to whom something belongs.

[00:03:33]For example, my phone. It means the phone belongs to me. Your bag. It means bag belongs to you. Similarly, his car and their house, they show ownership.

[00:03:43]So, common possessive determiners are my, your, his, her, our, their, like that. Then, quantifiers, guys. They show the quantity. They say about the quantity or amount of something. For example, some water. It tells some amount of water. Many students, it tells large number of students. Similarly, much money, few books, they also show the quantity. So basically, they answer the questions like how much and how many. Numbers, guys, they show the exact number like one pen, two cars, five students. These are nouns. Okay? And before that, what you are having are determiners and numbers is one type of determiner. Distributive determiners, guys, they say the exact number of people or things one by one. Okay? Not in a group.

[00:04:32]Okay? Like they will be saying about the people or things one by one, not as a group. Like each student, every child, either side, neither answer, like that. About each one, not in a group. Interrogative determiners, guys, they are used while asking questions. For example, which book, what color, whose bag. So which, what, whose, these are common interrogative determiners. So please try to understand that determiners are the words that come before a noun. It tells us which person or thing whose it is, how many, how much, and all. These are few main types of determiners.

[00:05:08]Guys, do not worry at all. In my exam ready notes, I have included all the examples, all the exercises. If you just get perfect with the exercises whatever I have mentioned in my notes, easily you can score 20 out of 20 marks from your part A of English examination. Guys, in my notes, I have given easy, simple explanations, definitions, examples, exercises, practice questions, everything has been included in my notes in order to make you score a grade in English examination. All the summaries, all the grammar and vocabulary part, everything is been included. If you need these paid notes, exam-ready notes, you can message me on my Instagram.

[00:05:51]Instagram ID link is available in this video description. Guys, this is just an example for practicing exercises. You need to go with those notes what I have prepared, okay? So, if you want them, message me. Now, in vocabulary, we have homographs, students. Homographs are the words that have the same spelling but different meanings. Spelling will be same.

[00:06:12]Meaning will be different. And sometimes they are pronounced to the same and sometimes their pronunciation is different. We cannot say that the pronunciation will be same always or different always. Sometimes it will be same, sometimes it will be different.

[00:06:24]Same spelling will be there but different meanings will be there, guys.

[00:06:28]So, let us try to understand them with few examples. Here you can see bat. A bat flies at night. He hit the ball with a bat. Guys, here the word bat has two different meanings, okay? In the sentence, "A bat flies at night night," the word bat means an animal. But in the sentence, "He hit the ball with a bat," the word bat means a piece of sports equipment which is used in games like cricket or baseball. Bank. "I deposited money in the bank. We sat on the river bank."

[00:06:59]Guys, here deposited money in the bank means This means a financial institution where we keep our money. But here, this bank refers to the side of a river.

[00:07:12]Then we have light, guys. "Please switch on the light. This bag is very light."

[00:07:16]Here, in this sentence, first sentence, light means something that gives us brightness. But in the second sentence, light means not heavy. So, the same word has two different meanings. So, yes, these are all examples of homographs, guys. Homographs have same spelling, different meaning. Sometimes the pronunciation will be same, sometime it will be different, okay? And in my notes, I have given you all the examples and all the exercises which you need to get perfect with the uh to score O grade, okay? Like just to give a reading, guys. Like just uh give a reading. Just see the example.

[00:07:53]See the exercises in my notes. Easily you can cover the complete grammar and vocabulary part in very less time. Then we have spelling, guys, where we have spelling and plurals. A plural noun means more than one person.

[00:08:08]Okay? It can be more than one person, animal, place, or thing. So when we talk about only one, we use the singular form. But when we talk about two or more, we use the plural form. This is what it is about singular and plural. So in English, most noun become plural by adding s or es. Right? Some words follow different rules, guys, but most of the words s or es.

[00:08:33]Singular means what, guys? One. Plural means more than one. Okay? So a plural noun means more than one person, animal, place, or thing. See, book, books.

[00:08:43]Class, classes. City, cities. Leaf, leaves. A child, children. So now let us see few basic rules. Add s.

[00:08:51]For most nouns, we simply add s to make them plural, guys. Like book, books.

[00:08:55]Pen, pens. This is the easiest and common rule. Then we have add es. Some nouns take es instead of s. For example, box, boxes. Bus, buses. Here adding es makes the word easier to pronounce. Then change y to ies. If a noun ends with y, we usually change y to ies to make it plural. Like city, y changed to ies.

[00:09:20]Baby, y changed to ies. City, cities.

[00:09:23]Baby, babies. Then change f or fe to ves. See, if you get f, you will change it to ves. See, fe, you will change it to ves. Leaf, leaves. Knife, knives.

[00:09:35]Irregular plurals, guys. Like uh They change completely in the plural form. So, that's the reason they called irregular plurals. Man, men, woman, women, mouse, mice, child, children.

[00:09:47]Okay? So, yes, a plural noun means more than one person, animal, place, or thing. Most of the words add s, then we add es if we have y, we will change it to ies. If we have f or fe at the end, we will change it to ves. And irregular plurals we have seen. Then we have pronunciation, guys, in which we have word stress. Word stress means giving more force or importance to one syllable of a word while speaking English, okay?

[00:10:14]Basically, guys, in every long English word, one part is spoken more loudly and clearly than the other part. So, that is nothing but word stress, guys. Like if we use the correct word stress, our English sounds more natural and easier for others to understand.

[00:10:30]Word stress Koi word ke upar apan stress Koi word me apan Koi letter apan stress stress se zyada aisa kheench ke bol rahe to that is nothing but word stress. See example, stable. Here ta, the first syllable is stressed. Ta-ble.

[00:10:48]Ta, we are stressing here. Right?

[00:10:50]Sunday.

[00:10:52]Guys, again the first syllable, sun, is stressed. Now, look at these words.

[00:10:56]Decide. Here the stress is on the second syllable, guys. Side. De-cide. Okay?

[00:11:03]Then, protect. Again, the second syllable, tect, is stressed, guys.

[00:11:08]Pro-tect.

[00:11:10]Tect, here we are stressing. So, every word has the main stressed syllable, guys. We should pronounce that syllable more clearly than the others, okay?

[00:11:23]Ta-ble.

[00:11:25]Sun-day.

[00:11:26]De-cide.

[00:11:28]Pro-tect. Like that, okay? So, now let's see why it is important. It is important to speak clearly, to improve pronunciation, to make English sound more natural. See examples, present, gift. Present, to give, okay? Present, gift. Present, see the difference. When you are pronouncing it, see the difference, you will be easily getting to know.

[00:11:51]And in my notes, I have included all the exercises, guys. I'm saying you again and again, so please try to understand how helpful my notes will be to score O grade, to score full marks in your English examination. Then we have LSRW, guys, in which we have odd one out. Odd one out is a simple activity where you are given a group of words, and out of those words, you have to find the one word that is different from the others, okay? The difference may be based on the meaning, category, spelling, or use. So, before choosing the answer, we should carefully look at all the words, and we should find what they have in common.

[00:12:27]Okay, let us try to understand with few examples. See, apple, banana, mango, carrot. Here, carrot is vegetable, so this is odd one out. Cat, dog, cow, rose. Rose is plant. Pen, pencil, book, plate. Plate is not stationary item. All they belong to stationary. So, guys, here, in this activity, we don't have to guess the answer. We should first find what is common among most of the words.

[00:12:51]All these are fruits, this is vegetable.

[00:12:53]All these are animals, this is plant.

[00:12:55]All these are stationary items, this is not a stationary. So, you need to solve odd one out questions in such a way that you will find a relationship between the other words, okay? Like first, read all the words carefully, then find what is common among most of the words. Finally, choose the word that is different from the others, okay? If you follow these three simple steps, okay? Read all the words first, find what is common, then choose the word what is different, easily you will be able to do that, okay?

[00:13:25]Next, we have writing, guys, where we have essay writing. Now, what is essay writing or what is essay? Guys, essay is a piece of writing on a particular topic, okay? Basically, in essay, we explain our ideas, facts, opinions, or experiences in simple and organized way, guys. So, basically, an essay helps us to express our thoughts clearly, okay?

[00:13:46]It is commonly asked in school and college exams, guys. So, it is important to know how to write a good essay. We have different parts to write an essay.

[00:13:55]There is a format to follow an essay.

[00:13:57]How there is a format to write summaries in your examination, in the same way, there is a format to write essay in your examination. Guys, in my notes, I have given you the summaries in exact summary format. If you want the notes, message me on my Instagram. There are three main parts, guys, in essay: introduction.

[00:14:15]This is the first part of the essay.

[00:14:16]Basically, this part is used to introduce the topic and tell the reader what the essay is about.

[00:14:23]Like, it should be short, clear, and interesting, guys. For example, if you are talking about the topic importance of education, you can begin by saying why education is important.

[00:14:33]So, intro is to introduce the topic to the readers. Body is the main part of the essay, guys. Here, we will explain the topic in detail. We write the important points one by one, and if needed, we can also include simple examples to make our explanation clearer, okay? Then, conclusion. The body should contain all the main information related to the topic. Like, this is the last part of the essay.

[00:14:58]In this part, we give a short summary of the summary of the topic, okay? Or our final opinion. It should end the essay in a simple and meaningful way, okay?

[00:15:07]So, yes, introduction. Essay begins with introduction, continues with the body, and ends with a conclusion. There are a few tips to write essay writing. You can see the tips on the screen. Then, we have skills, guys, last concept. In skills, we have teamwork and collaboration. Now, what is teamwork, guys?

[00:15:27]Teamwork means working together to achieve a common goal. Okay, so in a team, every member has a responsibility, everyone shares the work, helps each other, and works together to complete the task successfully. For example, guys, suppose your teacher gives you some project. Okay, like science project, you assume. Okay, we are not from science background, but yes, anyway, I'm saying you that your teacher will give you science project to a group of students. One student collects the information, another prepares the chart, another writes the report, and another gives a presentation. Since everyone is working together, this is teamwork. Now, what is collaboration? Collaboration means sharing ideas, discussing together, solving problems as a team. But guys, basically in collaboration, every member gives suggestions, listen to others, and uses everyone's strengths to complete the work in the best way, guys. For example, while organizing a college event, all the students discuss their ideas, they divide the work, and they help each other in such a way that they will complete the task, right? So, that is nothing but collaboration.

[00:16:31]Now, let us talk about the importance of teamwork, guys. First, teamwork helps us to share ideas, then learn from others, we can complete the work faster, we can build good relationships, we can achieve better results. So, basically, guys, teamwork means working together to achieve a common goal, collaboration means sharing ideas, helping each other, and solving problems together. They are very important, guys. When people work together, help each other, and share ideas, they can achieve success more easily. All right? So, this was the complete explanation of unit number two grammar and vocabulary part. How was the explanation? Do let me know in the comment section. If you need 100% exam-oriented notes to score O grade, message me on my Instagram, join our Telegram channel for important updates, check out our playlist for all explanation videos. Do not forget to ask me doubts if you have any in the comment section. All the very best to bye-bye.