Watch This Before JAMB 2026! 40 Likely Chemistry Questions & Answers (Final Revision with AJAKS)

Added: 2026-05-05

[00:00:00]Jam bite. I welcome you all to our YouTube channel and in today's video tutorials, we're going to be dismantling 40 possible likely chemistry questions you might see in your exam. Now, these questions were extracted from the 226 just concluded mock exams. I'm going to be using all of these 40 questions to revise the entire chemistry with you guys from inorganic chemistry down to organic chemistry. Every single thing will be discussed in this video tutorial. I hope you're ready and I implore you to watch from beginning down to the end because every single question is important. Let's get to the whiteboard. All right. So, question one we appear on screen now. So um please make sure that you pause the video try to see if you can attempt the question before we continue. All right. Now question one says aqua regia.

[00:00:40]All right or aqua any how you want to pronounce it. Okay. Is a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated trios nitrate 5 acid in the ratio of now aqua reg you need to take note of this that it has it's a mixture of three of HNO3 right and one of what HCl so they said that what's the ratio so the ratio is 3 to1 all right so what happens here is that this guy it dissociates it dissolves the metal. All right? It dissolve the metal usually noble metals.

[00:01:17]For example, gold. Do you understand?

[00:01:19]Gold, platinum, they're noble metals.

[00:01:22]So, gold, platinum, platinum. So, this is aqua radia or all right. Now, so it's in the ratio 3 ratio one. Now, this is now used to form complexes. This is to form what?

[00:01:39]Complexes.

[00:01:41]So please take note of that. All right.

[00:01:43]Good. Now let's continue question two.

[00:01:47]This question one and this question two.

[00:01:49]So this is these are the mock questions.

[00:01:52]So I'm going to do every single thing that was treated in the mock and I'm going to explain properly. So I'm not going to give you the answers. I'm going to be telling you why this is the answer. Okay. Good. Now question two says the separation process used in the purification of bozite is a fractional distillation b electrolysis c bias process and d chromatography the answer is what bias process all right the answer is what bias process now let me tell you something about bias process so what we use here is what we use so it is purification that mean we are trying to remove impur what happens is that we use sodium hydroxide we use what sodium hydroxide in bias process. So bias is is more like boite rather boite is more like a rock. All right. Bogite is a rock. All right. And what we get from this rock is what? Aluminium oxide. Do you understand? So what sodium hydroxide do does that it brings out impur?

[00:02:49]So this is used when you are trying to extract aluminina. Do you get that? So please take note of that. Okay. So bias process is used in the purification of what? Bite. I hope this is clear. Good.

[00:03:02]Now number three. Number three says aqua again is commonly used to I told you it is used to dissolve noble metals. So the answer is option C. Yes I said neutralize bases. No. Extract sodium no.

[00:03:19]Dissolve noble metals. Yes. Example of no metals we have the gold and your platinum like I said. All right. Purify water. No. Okay. So I hope this is clear. Let's continue. So that's question three. Dissolve dissolve noble metals. Please put all this in your head. No metals.

[00:03:40]So when all these noble metals when you something is noble it it exists freely.

[00:03:45]Do you understand? It exists freely in nature. Do you understand? Good. So that's basically it. It is in noble gases in gases. Okay. Good. Now what was question four? Now question four says the raw material used in the manufacturer of synthetic plastic are so what are raw material used in the manufactur of synthetic plastic. So since you know we have natural we have natural rubbers we have synthetic rubbers right so when you talk about plastics in general plastics you know we have two kinds of plastics hope you you not forgotten we have what we call thermosets theosets we have what we call what thermoplastics so what are theosets theosets is you know from the plastics is derived from the Latin word plastics is derived from the Latin Plasticus.

[00:04:39]Plasticus. Do you understand? So plasticos means to mold. Do you understand? So plastic mean to move. Now when something is when you say thermoset theosetting plastics are those plastics that when they are formed they can no longer be what? Remoded. That's what thermoplastics when they are formed they can no longer be removed. When you talk about when sorry that's when you talk about thermoplastic it means that okay even even if they formed they can still be removed that's theoplastic are the ones that once they formed they can no longer be removed example of thermoplastics we have what balites balite all right so these are an example of the plastic then I mean example of the set why I say this example of the we have balite example of the plastics we have your perspects your perspect X PEX we have your nylon and all of that. Okay.

[00:05:35]So please take note all of this thermoplastics thermoset. So the question said synthetic plastics are mainly so they mainly from petroleum products. So all this knowledge is actually on organic chemistry. Okay. So they mainly on petroleum products. So that's basically the answer. And of course plastics you might be asking yourself what's plastics? Plastics is usually represented as PVC right? That's like the common one PVC. And this is what polinil chloride.

[00:06:08]All right chloride. So that's PVC. Okay. Good.

[00:06:12]Let's continue. Now question five.

[00:06:15]Question five is on your screen.

[00:06:18]All right. Question five says it says a compound that will decolorize acidified potassium permaganate is so acidified acidified potassium permaganate.

[00:06:40]So this is actually what we call K4 right K4. Now chemolo. Now please pay attention. He said which of them would decolorize it? A alkaine, B aline, C benzene, D est. Now let me tell you something about this. Right? When you talk about classes of hydrocarbon. So we have what we call the unsaturated compound. Sorry of organic compound unsaturated unsaturated compounds and we call the saturated compounds. So when you talk about saturated compounds we usually talk about alanes right when we talk about unsaturated we talk about what so you know we have what we call alifhatic saturated that's the alanes and alifhatic unsaturated that's the alkenes alkanes and alkyes right now when you now talk about when you now talk about which of them would decolorize water now what are the ways you wish you distinguish this from this the alifhatic saturated from the alifhatic saturated is the colorization in broom water or potassium permagnate.

[00:07:50]Okay, you can use any of those two reagents. So brome water potassium peraganate. Now they asking for potassium permagnate. Now please take note of this colorization of this guy depicts what? An unsaturated compound. unsaturated right and no decolorization I'll tell you what it means I'm trying to be fast so that we can move faster depicts a saturated compound now when something is when something decolorized it means it form what colorless colorless right doesn't of decolorize when something gives no decolorization that means it does not form any color I mean sorry no decoration means the color retains is colorless means there's no column. So when something decolorizes it removes the column when something says no decoloriz means it remains the same.

[00:08:48]This guy is actually purple. It is purple. Yes. Take a look of that is what purple. So if the purple color in the solution still remains it means that oh it was a saturated compound that's what an aline.

[00:09:01]Are you following? Then if it was not purple if it's colorless it's what? an alkine or an alkine. Is that clear?

[00:09:09]Let's go back to the question. A compound that will decolorize acidified water acidified potassium is the answer is aline unsaturated.

[00:09:23]So even instead of they put alkine there is still correct. I hope this is clear.

[00:09:28]Good. Let's continue. That's question five. Let's look at question six.

[00:09:33]Question six says, Question six says, in faulting experiment, all right, the gas commonly used is a oxygen, b hydrogen, c ammonia, d nitrogen. So which of the gas is commonly used? Now let me tell you something about fountain experiment. So fountain experiment. Fountain experiment.

[00:10:01]So font experiment is used to indicate or is used to test for the solubility of gases in water. Take note of that again for experiment is used to test for the solubility of gases in water and we use two gases. We use two gases and these two gases are ammonia NH3 and iodine chloride right HCl not hydrochloric acid hydrogen chloride the gas HL and ammonia those are the two gases we use when talking about fountain experiment now your question can ask you so the answer for this question is actually option the answer is um the answer is amoya C right now let me let me speak on this now fountain experiment You see ammonia is a very strong alkaline right? N is for O. Hope I'm not forgotten now. So ammonia is a very strong alkaline.

[00:11:04]And of course this guy is also very strong acid. Right.

[00:11:09]So it means this is alkaline. This is what acidic. Now listen attentively.

[00:11:13]They can ask you an exam. Of course, we have we have established that fountain experiment is used to test for the solubility of what gases in water and we use these two gases. Now, they can ask you what's the color of the fountain experiment or what's the color of the solution. Let me tell you something. The color can either be red or blue. It is dependent on the kind of gas we are using. Listen attentively. If we are using the kind of gas an indicator we are using oh forgot what indicator means lit paperine all those things right now if we are using ammonia right if we using ammonia and we're now using you know ammonia is an alkali and what what is going to happen to what what does alkali do on red misnos it turns red to blue Right. So if we using ammonia and red lmos paper, right? Plus the fountain solution will be what? Blue.

[00:12:19]Because the ammonia will turn the red to what? Blue. Depicting it to be what? An alkali. Now if you are using HCl, the fountain water is going to be what? Red.

[00:12:32]Because we are going to be using HCl and what? A blue lit small paper. So an acid turns blue lit paper red. So this is very very important. Red is the color for fountain water. We using HCL we using ammonia using what? Blue. I hope this is clear. Now let's continue our board. Question seven is on your screen.

[00:12:52]And question seven says it says the alloy used as soft soda contains lead and soft soda.

[00:13:04]ion. It contains lead and what? A zinc.

[00:13:08]B copper. Cut thin. And D aluminium. The answer is what? Thin. Yes, it contains lead and tin. In fact, it contains 60% of lead, right? Lead is 6% of tin. Tin is essent.

[00:13:25]Lead is what? PB. I hope this is clear.

[00:13:28]Good. So, tin is correct. Okay. Soft soda. Soft soda is what? 10 plus lead. Please put that in your head. Okay, good. Question eight, you see it on the screen. Now, question eight says, the nonvolatile residue obtained from the destructive distillation of coal is go again. The nonvolatile residue obtained from the destructive distillation of coal is a kota b coke c coal coal gas and d lamp blank.

[00:14:13]Now let me tell you something. First off what is destructive distillation? Please pay attention. Destructive destructive distillation distillation right of coal of coal is it is not coal yes is the burning h of coal in absence absence you know The absence absence of what? Air.

[00:14:58]Are you feeling me? IT IS THE BURNING OF coal in absence of air.

[00:15:04]Now when coal burns when there is no air because of the absence of oxygen, what happens is that it's now decompose. Are you following me? Now please take note of this. When co bonds coal I mean when coal under go destructive dillation or bonds when it under go destructive dissolation it produces three class of compounds. Number one we have what we call the solid residue.

[00:15:34]The solid residue is known as what?

[00:15:37]Coke. As what coke and take note that this is what nonvolatile it is nonvolatile. When something is volatile it means it can quickly escape as gas into the air. Right? Is not volatile. Two, we have what we call the liquid residue. It produces two liquid residues.

[00:15:55]All right? And the liquid residue it produces are first of all is what?

[00:15:59]Ammonica.

[00:16:01]Ammonia liqu.

[00:16:14]The third one is that it produce a gas residue and is what? Coal gas.

[00:16:24]The other coal gas. So that's basically it. So coke is the answer for that question. They said the nonvolatile residue. So these are the residues that are produced when coal under go destructive dissolation. Okay. Coke ammonia and ka co gas. So this co gas is used as well. America co is used in explosives. Do you understand? Then that's basically everything. So please take note of all these things. Okay let's continue. Where are we? Where are we? Where are we?

[00:16:55]Question N. Question N is on your screen. Question N says the metallic compound used in water treatment to remove collodial particles.

[00:17:07]All right, to remove collar particles is to remove collar particles. I have a question for you guys.

[00:17:16]When your water is kind of dirty, right?

[00:17:19]What do your grandmother do? What do they do? What they do is that they will go and bring alum, right? Put inside.

[00:17:24]Why? What is the use of the alum to make water liter? Now let's continue.

[00:17:29]The metallic compounds right used in water treatment to remove collodial particles is A. Sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is definitely wrong. B.

[00:17:41]Aluminium sulfate. We'll come back to it. C. Calcium carbonate. Of course, that's not correct. That's limestone. D.

[00:17:48]Aluminium nitrate. Nitrate. G. No. Now the answer is what? Aluminium sulfate.

[00:17:54]Aluminium what? Sulfate.

[00:17:56]Now let me tell you something. Aluminium sulfate is your Al2 SO43 right? So this is aluminium sulfate.

[00:18:04]Okay. And this is what alum is what?

[00:18:06]Alum. So alum is aluminium sulfate or sometimes it can be K A SO4. All right.

[00:18:11]So anyone you can use anyone. Okay. Now you see let me tell you the three stages in which alum works in water. Please pay attention. Right? So in water to remove collar particles. Now please pay attention. The first stage is what we call coagulation.

[00:18:30]What we call what? Coagulation. Now coagulation basically means that okay the atom is going to dissolve in water.

[00:18:36]Are you feeling me? And it's going to it's going to release aluminium what?

[00:18:41]E3.

[00:18:42]Now this aluminium the next is what we call neutralization. It's called what?

[00:18:47]Neutralization.

[00:18:50]Right? Now these aluminium ions what they now do is that this Al3 positive ions right that's a positive charge they they will now neutralize with the negative charge of the collodial collodial particles right particles or that so they neutralize with this guy right and form heavy lumps. Now these air lumps the third part is known is what we know as what fluulation fluation they form heavy lumps known as what flux and this flux can now be what drained out okay can be filtered out so that is basically how alum works right in collodial what particles when it's in water I hope this is clear alum is aluminium sulfate okay let's continue.

[00:19:44]Um the next part, question 10. Let's go a bit faster. I hope you're enjoying this class. Good. If you're learning, just type in comment box. Now, question 10 says, gold does not require extraction because of course gold occurs freely in nature. That's the answer. Yes, it occurs it occurs freely in nature. Yes, gold occurs freely in nature. They are called noble gases.

[00:20:11]They called no I mean noble metals.

[00:20:13]Okay. G gold platinum. So they called no they free in nature. So of course they don't require any extraction. Ones that require extra don't aluminium. You understand? Calcium. You get that? Good.

[00:20:28]Let's continue. Copper those ones here.

[00:20:31]Now the next is question 11. Now question 11 is on the screen. Question 11 says the alkaline substance commonly used as disinfectant is a ethanol.

[00:20:43]Ethanol is you know alcohols can be amphutary right so they can act as an acid and acid base but alcohol ethanol generally is usually acidic. Do you understand? So just leave that alone.

[00:20:56]Eanol is not correct. Phenol h phenol is correct. Phenol phenol is not correct.

[00:21:01]Phenol is a disinfectant. Yes. Phenol is a disinfectant but phenol is acidic but the question said alkaline H are you following the third one the fourth one methane methane is a gas obviously not correct so the answer is what sodium hypocchlorate now sodium hypocchlorate is known as what Na O this is sodium hypocchlorate it is a very strong alkaline disinfectant alkaline disinfectant used to hypocchlorate it is used to remove dirt and all of that.

[00:21:34]Okay, that's basically it. That's is used in bleaching, water um disification and all of that. Okay, that's it. Um what else? So, sodium hypocchlorate is the answer. But don't forget phenol is also a disinfectant. Okay, question 12.

[00:21:53]It's on our screen now.

[00:21:55]Question four says detergents are manufactured with long hydrocarbons chain in order to now let me quickly just brief you guys on detent. Please pay attention. Now when you talk about a detent has it looks like this.

[00:22:15]Are you feeling me? Now this looks like now this is the head and this is what tail.

[00:22:25]This whole thing is the tail, right? And this is the head. So you can see that the tail is extremely very long from here to here. This is the tail.

[00:22:32]And this is the head. Just this place.

[00:22:34]NOW PLEASE TAKE a note of this in detergent. The head is known as what?

[00:22:40]The head is what? Hydrophilic. It is what? Hydrophilic. What is hydrophilic?

[00:22:45]Hydrophilic means where something likes water. Phobia means fear. Filic means you love. So the end of a detent is hydrophilic. And this the part that that that reacts with the water. Do you understand? That dissolves with the water. Okay. Now the tail is what we call it is hydrophobic. Hydrophobic.

[00:23:04]Now it is hydrophobic meaning that it is water hating. It does not like water.

[00:23:08]Now what hydrophobic? What this tail does is that please pay attention. The tail is a long hydrocarbon. And what it does that it helps to be it helps it helps increase the solubility of detergent in oil or grease. Really the hydrophobic deal helps to increase the solubility of detergent in oil or grease. Now if you look at the options let me put on your screen again. The question said hey increase solubility in water. No it's wrong. They said the detergents are manufactured with long hydrocarbon chain. That's the thing. So it it does not increase solubility in water. The one that is soluble in water is the hydrophobic head the hydrophilic head. Do you understand? So the answer to this question is it helps to enhance cleansing. Yes, it enhance cleansing action. So how does cleansing action works? All right. First off this guy is water loving. Okay. And this tail is water heating. So this tail dissolves the g the um the grease or the oil or the fat on the surface. All right. So when it dissolves it all right this water wash it away. That's basically how cleansing action works. That is it. So that is what the tit is used for. It is used it works. It helps in cleansing action. That's the tail. It helps for cleansing action and also make the whole thing dissolve in oil or grease. Is this clear? Good. Question 13. So question 13 says the organic compound commonly used as a disinfectant is the answer is what? Phenol. Yes, phenol is used as a disinfectant earlier in the the years of this whole thing. It was used as an antiseptic. Okay. So it is used as disinfectant used to kill microorganisms and all that. Okay, let's continue. Question 14. So question 14 says according to Farad's law of electricis the amount of substance is directly proportional to so according to law of electrolysis amount of substance is dportal to what the quantity of charge okay having m= to what z i do you understand so that's basically it okay so the answer is what quantity of charge okay in columns in columns okay or let's continue now question 15 this was question 14. Question 15 says from PV= NRT NT right what is R representing so R is your what your gas constant R is your what gas constant so you can actually derive gas constant okay you can derive constant sometimes you might use 0.83 A3 sometimes might use A3 depends. Okay. So this is your gas constant. This is your temperature.

[00:25:53]This is your number of moles. This is your volume. This is your what?

[00:25:56]Pressure. Okay. PV= N ideal gas equation. Question 16.

[00:26:03]It says chemical equilibrium is reached when A the reaction stops completely.

[00:26:09]No. B the forward reaction is faster.

[00:26:14]No. C the reverse reaction is faster.

[00:26:18]No. The answer is what? When the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates. Yes, that is chemical equilibrium. We trying to balance it. So both of them are at equal rate and that's what you mean by this system is in what? Equilibrium. All right. Good.

[00:26:36]Let's continue question 17. So question 17 says the solubility of most solid solute in water generally. So please take note of this that solubility solubility generally increases as temperature increases. This is a very very important point you need to know.

[00:26:59]Okay. Solubility generally increases as temperature increases because when there is when there is an increase in temperature you know temperature is the average kindinetic energy of a body.

[00:27:07]Right? So I mean the averageinetic energy of a body is a measure of the temperature of that body. So this means that when there's an increase in temperature in the system right there is going to be more the kinetic energy of the system is going to be what increased also and if the kindinetic energy of the system is increased it means that there'll be more breaking of the bones that was holding that that particular system together. So when there is a breaking of the bone of course it's going to lead to more more more um solubility that means more it's going to dissolve more. So that's basically what it means. Okay. So generally the solubility of solid solute yes it increases as temperature increases because it'll be more what dissolving. I hope this is clear. Good.

[00:27:54]That's question 17. Question 18 says an example of insoluble chloride in water is so an example of insoluble chloride in water is a calcium chloride.

[00:28:07]Ca2 is soluble. Please it is soluble. B aluminium chloride A Cl3 is also soluble. Please take note of that.

[00:28:16]Copper chloride C2 is also soluble. So the answer to this question is what?

[00:28:22]This AgCl is what? Silver chloride.

[00:28:27]All right, silver chloride. Now please let me tell you something else again.

[00:28:31]Silver chloride is what? Insoluble.

[00:28:34]Generally insoluble. Put that in your book. Okay, it's insoluble. Now this what we call grow chloride. A U right?

[00:28:42]Gold chloride. A U sorry not gold chloride. Hold on. Who is the person calling me?

[00:28:52]Sorry. Come here. Okay. Now not gold chloride. Um lead chloride PBC2. So l chloride is also insoluble but this guy is going to be soluble when it is dissolved in hot water. Okay. Then there's another one again um mercury chloride. So mercury chloride Ag2 CL2 is also what insoluble. So these are the soluble chlorides of metals that we have um gold lead and what mercury. Okay that is in hot water.

[00:29:29]Question 19 you see the question your screen there.

[00:29:34]Question 19 says the bond between H2O. So bond between H2O and H+ between H2 and H+ to form H3 H to form H3 O plus is the answer is what?

[00:29:55]It is what dative. It is what dative please take of that is what dative. All right. So it is dative and this dative is as what coordinate coalent. Okay call it coordinate coalent bonding. We call it what dative bonding. All right. We have ordinary ordinary coalent bonding.

[00:30:12]Okay. We also have coordinate coalent bonding. What is happen is that this guy is going to give a lump of atom to this guy and that's basically to this guy rather. So that's basically what's forming this one. is also what a dative bond we can call it coordinate coalent.

[00:30:27]Okay, good. Put that in your head.

[00:30:30]Question 20. Now 20 says on your screen this is a solubility question says if the solubility of KH3 K H3 the solubility of this guy is 0.4 4 mo per dm cq right what is the mass in listen attentively what is the mass in 100 cm cube that's my volume 100 cm cube now let me tell you guys something about solubility sometimes when I tell you mass in 100 cm cube I might tell you what's the mass in 100 g of water please know that 100 g of water is the same as saying 100 cm cube of Is that clear? Good. So solubility is just more like your normal your normal N= CV. So N is C is your concentration.

[00:31:26]That's your solubility. That's it.

[00:31:28]Nothing else again, right? I have a full video on 3.0. It's on my channel. So just check it out. So what's N? N is what? The number of moles, right? And mole itself is mass over what? Mass. So equal to my solubility C time my volume 100. So you using this formula if and only if your volume is in what? DMQ. So you use this formula if your volume is in cm cube. See if I have over,000. So that's what I'm using now because my volume is in what? CMQ. Okay. So what are we doing? I'm canceling these two guys. If I'm canceling this 100, not 1,00. So I'm canceling these two. So is 10. Now what is your mass? Let's be fast. The mass is what the mass for, right? So that mean 0.4, 4 right 0.4 okay so what's my mass what I'm getting for divided by my mass mass of this guy okay by now I should be able to know how to find mass of that guy potassium is 39 plus hydrogen is 1 plus carbon is what carbon is 12 plus oxygen is what 16 16 * 3 * this 3 is 48 = 0.4 4 10. So my mass will be equal to so this whole thing * this thing. So 0.4 / 10 * let's press everybody 39 ah this thing 39 + 1 + 2 + 12 + 48 that gives me 100 right that gives me what 100. So of course my mass equal to 0.4 form is 4 10 * 1 / 10 * 100 cancel cancel cancel what's the answer class 4 g that's it 4 g is correct that's my answer I hope this is clear very straightforward okay all right now question 21 is going to appear on screen now and question 21 says if the volume of a gas is doubled at constant temperature the pressure becomes so constant temperature constant temperature what is that going to tell you that's um boys P1 V1 P2 V2 right good so P1 V1 equal to P2 B2 so why my P1 they said that the volume is doubled do you understand if the volume of a gas is doubled at constant temperature the pressure becomes that is initially the pressure was P initially the volume was V then what the pressure is becoming if the volume is now double 2V that's all cross P2 = what P over 2. That's the answer. The answer is what? C. Option C.

[00:34:08]1 / 2 P. Very straightforward. Question 23. 22. Question 22 says, a gas used as an anesthetic. All right. Anesthetic is used in surgery when you don't want the patient to um feel pain. So the gas used here is what? Um N2O. Do you understand? And to N2 is also a laughing gas please. Okay. So N2 is correct. N2O is used as an anesthetic. Okay. Right. Let's waste our time now. Next question. Question 23.

[00:34:42]Question 23 says H very important. I love this. Please pay attention. It says H2S plus CL2 to give S + HCL.

[00:35:01]plus 2 HCl to balance it. Right? It says the oxidizing agent is now oxidation and reduction. What is the oxidizing agent?

[00:35:11]Please pay attention. First of all, what's oxidation? Oxidation is what?

[00:35:16]When there is what? First of all, loss in electron, right? Loss in electron, right? Reduction is what? Gain electron.

[00:35:29]Gaining what? electron.

[00:35:31]Right? The next is that oxidation is what? When there is what? An increase in oxidation number.

[00:35:38]Increase in oxidation number.

[00:35:42]Reduction is what? Decrease in oxidation number. Please pardon my writing. Okay? I want us to be fast.

[00:35:50]This video will not be too long. Now, please pay attention.

[00:35:55]We're going to use these two definition.

[00:35:57]There are still other definition of oxidation. Oxidation is also the addition of oxygen and removal of hydrogen. Right? Oxidation is also the addition of electro negative elements.

[00:36:07]Remove positive element. So there are so many definitions. We're going to use just these two things. Right? They asking us to find what is the oxidizing agent. Right? Now let's take it from here. Right? Follow me. So H2S coming to this guy.

[00:36:24]If you notice there was a hydrogen here.

[00:36:26]There's no more hydrogen here. It means that there was a removal of hydrogen that's oxidation.

[00:36:33]Now if this whole thing is oxidation it means that this is my reducing agent and of course this oxidizing agent.

[00:36:42]That's a very fast way to know what you can know is again look at this this is CL2 from here to here is what addition of hydrogen reduction.

[00:36:52]If this reduction is my oxing agent and I need to know again is this Cl2 on this at this state is zero because an element in this free state the number is zero.

[00:37:01]tox of of CL2 is zero that's here and when it's coming here CL2 is going to change to what because is + one so coming here going to what I minus one so it's going from 0 to minus one class from 0 to minus one on your cartian plane this is zero this is where minus one is yes that's a decrease in number decrease in number is what reduction and reduction you have you can see so many ways to know to what is myizing All right, let's continue. Question 24.

[00:37:36]I love this one. Now, question 24 says, N2, this is under chemical equilibrium. N2 plus CH2 reversible reaction 2 NH3.

[00:37:53]I know that my enthalpy change is what - 90 kJ.

[00:37:59]Now I said this reaction the yield when something when you say yield that means the product right so this reaction the ammonia yield right the ammonia yield decreases when so what would decrease an ammonia yield now let's quickly talk about in chemical equilibrium now for chemical equilibrium is what we call lealas principle now what leilas principle does is that it tells us that if you're having system in equilibrium. Are you following? Okay, you're having a system and there is a change in either the temperature right or the concentration or the pressure right there is going to be another change to annoy the effect of what happened. That's basically it to stabilize the system. So we use temperature, we use pressure and we use what? Concentration.

[00:38:55]Okay. Now please take note of this.

[00:38:56]Let's analyze each of the options. said I increasing temperature. So is an increase in temperature going to increase the yield of this guy? We check it. Come down. The next one is what?

[00:39:07]Adding catalyst. Now please take note of this. In chemical equilibrium, a catalyst does not have any business with whether a reaction is going to shift or not. A catalyst has no effect on the position of an equilibrium. What a catalyst does is this two things. one the catalyst helps the reaction to go faster by reducing the activation energy. Are you following? So let's say you have something like this. So this is myation energy. So what my catalyst will do is that reduce the activation energy.

[00:39:39]It will make the reaction the reactant to product pathway faster. That's what a catalyst does. So a catalyst reduces the activation energy. That's why reaction go faster. And what it does is that it helps to it helps to stabilize it stabilize the rate of the reactant and the product. So anything that is happening to reactants react is happening to product when you're using a catalyst. Do you understand? So if if a catalyst is increasing the rate of the reactant side is also going to increase of product side. That's what a catalyst does in chemical equilibrium reduces the activation energy and creating a sh towards the product. Okay. So catalyst is out of it. does not have a business with the position of equilibrium or whether this is yielding more yielding that.

[00:40:23]Now the next one says increasing pressure. Let's leave increasing pressure first. Let's talk about removing ammonia. Now if I remove ammonia from here that's going to be a decrease in concentration of ammonia.

[00:40:34]Now the principle say okay when something happens there should be something that will happen again and know the effect of that change or to neutralize it. Now if I remove ammonia from here the system will detect that there's an ammonia that was lost here and add back. So if I remove ammonia from here that mean I decreased the concentration ammonia here. Now if I decrease ammonia here the system will still add more ammonia to this place. So it means that regardless if you if you're dealing with decreasing ammonia ammonia will still be produced here and there will still be there will still be an increase in the yield of ammonia. So that's not going to work because the goal is to find what will reduce the yield of ammonia. Now let's talk about pressure. The question said an increase in pressure. Let me tell you something.

[00:41:21]Let me tell you something. The pressure pressure is proportional to number of moves. Okay. So it means that an increase in pressure it will focus to the it will focus on the part with the least number of moles. What do I mean?

[00:41:35]Look at this part.

[00:41:37]This is one mole, three mole, four moles.

[00:41:42]This is what two moles. So increasing pressure will favor the part with the smallest move. So if I increase the pressure of the system, it's still going to the forward reaction and that's what an increase in the unit of ammonia.

[00:41:53]That's not what the answer find the decrease in the unit of ammonia. So of course the answer is temperature. Let me explain why. Now how can you know if it's temperature or not? You look at the entropy change.

[00:42:06]This is an exothermic reaction. It means that ideally ideally this already has a lot of heat. So if I'm increasing temperature for an exothermic reaction, right? What is going to happen is that it's going to f the backward reaction because this already has heat. So if I increase temperatureing here and here, of course, it's going to reduce the yield of this.

[00:42:31]But I mean there was a decrease in temperature. If I'm decreasing temperature is the side with more temperature that will favor here. I'm I'm increasing temperature this is exothermic favors here. Is that clear?

[00:42:44]If it was endothermic increasing temperature increases forward because exothermic increasing temperature increase what backward that is backward and if it is favoring backward that is going to reduce the yield of what ammonia I hope this is clear don't make mistake in your exam. Let's continue. The next one is question 25, right? Question 25.

[00:43:10]Now question 25 is on your screen. It says organic compound that that gives a fraence. That's aense is that comes out like that. You understand? That gives a fabence with sodium hydrogen calcium carbonate 4.

[00:43:27]Right? So what we give with this guy?

[00:43:29]One of the property of an acid is that when an acid reacts with transcarbonate for salt, right? Transcarbonate for salt or hydrogen transcarbonate 4, what will happen? It gives out CO2. So CO2 is the talking about here. So all we have to look for now is an acid. Okay. Option A, arenoid, no. Option C, aren't D amine? No. The answer is what? Arinoic acid. That's the answer. Question 26. H.

[00:43:58]Now question 26 is very very interesting. It says that CH3 CH3 CH2 CO2 A5 right is formed from aite. In the second part two video I gave you guys on I I gave you something like this and I told you that they can ask you what is this form. Now let me explain something to you. Please pay attention. This is an Esther. Esther has a general formula RC O R. This is Esther. Okay. RC O esters.

[00:44:38]So esters are called alenoids.

[00:44:46]That's how you name them. I'll kill alenoids.

[00:44:50]I'll kill alanoid. If you have watched my video on how to make part two, you should understand what I'm trying to say. Now, how can I name this guy? You start from here. This ail and you start from here. You count 1 2 3 carbon atoms. Propanoid.

[00:45:09]Now propanoid is what? So this is called eil propanoid.

[00:45:15]Now that's not what they ask us to find.

[00:45:17]The question said this is form. I told you guys that ail that the alil will carry the alano. You know a stification is when you are having an um an organic acid with what? An aleno, right? To give what? EA plus water.

[00:45:41]That's estification. Acid plus alan to give esta and water. So it means that they're asking you to find what were the acid that what were the acid and the alan that formed a propano that's what the question said what were the acid and alano that formed it let me give you a trick in your exam the alil is for the alan the alano is for the acid so this is what ethanol plus propanoic acid done WHAT'S THE ANSWER PASS OPTION B IS CORRECT. I hope this is clear. Let's continue question 26. All right. So question 27 on your screen and question 27 says residual solid from petroleum product distillation are used for so of course the residual solid is your bitamin. All right your bitin and it's used for what coating pipes. Those are used in um construction of roots. Okay don't forget that. to use for road surfacing and also to um production of what? Pipes. Okay, that's not production of pipes rather coating of pipes. That's what is for.

[00:46:50]Okay, so coating of pipes.

[00:46:58]All right, good. Now let's continue question 28.

[00:47:02]Question 28 says organic compound form from H. The organic compound that these are more questions I know they no need.

[00:47:14]Now organic compound form from acid and hydide and hydide.

[00:47:22]Acid and hydide and ammonia.

[00:47:26]Acid and hydide and ammonia is now the answer is what? Amite. Yes. So of a they said amines. Amines are formed. Listen attentively. Amines are formed. Amines is NH2. So what happen NH2? What happen in amines is that you know we have ammonia. So instead of this thing, instead of this hydrogen, we remove one and put one as an alkaline.

[00:47:57]I mean I'll kill rather and I'll kill.

[00:48:00]So it is NH2. Do you understand? So it's RO NH2. So that's what a mic r2 is a mic and I'll kill and n2. Okay. The other one said esters. I've told you already esters is r o r. Do you understand? R. So the answer to this one is what? And I mean an amino acid. Amino acid is when you having a caroxilic acid.

[00:48:27]Caroxilic acid.

[00:48:30]Caposic acid and ammonas is caroxilic acid and amine. All right, that's basically it. What else? Where else?

[00:48:38]Where else? Where else? What else?

[00:48:42]Question 29.

[00:48:45]Sorry. Caric acid is um amino acid.

[00:48:50]Amino acid is caroxilic acid and amide.

[00:48:54]A amite. I don't know what I said. I think I say amite or amite. Sorry.

[00:48:57]Amite. Amide amide de is acid and hydide and ammonia. Amine is I think I said amine. Amine is NH2 right? Then amino acid which is the building block of protein is caroxilic acid and amine. I think I said amine. I remember okay I just want to clarify that. Let's continue. Question 29 is in your screen. Question is reduction of alanon produces do organic chemistry. Reduction of alanon.

[00:49:32]Alanon.

[00:49:36]If alanons are reduced the four we call secondary secondary what? Al canals. Al canal rather secondary al canal. If our canals see alanon is r o r al canal is r h o are you following? Good. If al canals are reduced before we call primary primary what can let me tell you something again if you reduce alinoic acid partially you get a if you reduce it completely you get what you get primano I go again if you reduce alkanoic acid partially you get a canal and if you reduce completely you get what? Primanol. If you oxidize primary canal partially you get alanal. If you oxidize primary canal completely you get acid. If you oxidize secondary canal you get what? Alan canary alan do not undergo oxidation. Open your ears. Do you understand? Good. Join chemistry boot camp. Let's continue. Question 30.

[00:50:54]Question says reactions between fats and I'm very honest with you guys these are the questions I saw in more questions I compiled them organic chemistry to be very honest reactions between fat and alkaline is called the answer is saponification what is saponification class saponification is the alkaline hydraysis it is the alkaline hydraysis of fats and oils with the production ction of soaps and propan one 23 triol prop one 23 triol is called what glycerol glycerol it's called what glycerol soaps alkaline hydraysis of fat and oil that's why they said reaction fat and alkali sification.

[00:51:56]Do you understand soaps and what glycerol propan 23 do right now for for knowledge this prop 123 is actually acts as an impurity in this soap. So what you do is that you add brine solution. You add what? Brine solution. Now the purpose of adding brine solution during saponification is to salt out is to what? Salt out. Salt out. What are you salting out? This guy. You're salting out this guy. So, this dissolves in this guy, right? And you can now what? Remove them to get your what? Your soaps. I hope this is clear. Good. Question 31.

[00:52:39]Question 31 is on the screen now. And question 31 says the chem of the compound above is so the chem of the compound is so this also a question that came out. Now what of this compound? So let me draw the compound as far as CH3 you can pause the video and name it by yourself.

[00:53:06]CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH3 C TH3 so what makes of this compound is very simple calm down relax let's dismantle this right alip guys let's go now how do we do it so I want us to do from two ends so that we not have stress to be thinking of where to start from and where not to start from. Okay, so let's start from here. So let's go 1 2 3 4 5 6. You know the longest chain 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Anyone is still correct. Okay, see 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I want to be still correct.

[00:54:05]Let us go straight seven. All right. So it means that the whole thing will be ending with what hectane because it is one bond. Right? Now let's take a substituent. One substituent.

[00:54:17]This whole thing is a substituent. This is metal.

[00:54:22]Right? This is a this what metal.

[00:54:28]Do you understand now?

[00:54:30]So we having the first name we are going to be getting is we're having a on the five carbon atom we're having metal on the second and on the sixth. So we are saying soil comes before meil alphabetical order right. So we're saying 26 Dylane.

[00:55:07]Okay, that's naming form like that. Now let's name forms like this. So, we're saying um 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 H. So, where are we nameing from again?

[00:55:27]Let's name from here. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. If I want to name like that, it means that this guy will now be on the two seven carbon atom. This is going to be on the third carbon atom and this be on the what? Second carbon atom. So I mean on the eth carbon atom. So on the six. So now having two and six dimeil still the same thing. But this is no longer five.

[00:55:55]It's now what? Three eil carbon atom right. That's going to be the answer.

[00:56:00]This going to be the answer. Why?

[00:56:02]Because I'm going to pick three more than five because it has to be smallest as possible. So the answer is 26 * 2 3.

[00:56:11]All right, let's confirm question 31 threeil. Sorry come before Dil. I forgot maybe first.

[00:56:27]Sorry. Eil threeil 26 time her pain.

[00:56:32]That's the answer. Okay. That's the answer. This guy comes first. Okay.

[00:56:36]Let's move the board.

[00:56:38]All right. So now for question 32. It's on your screen. It says a particle with a particle that contains 17 protons. So 17 protons. All right. It contains 17 protons. 18 neutrons, 18 neutrons and 18 electrons. So 18 electrons.

[00:56:58]So it is represented as now let me tell you something. So we having x a z. So your z is your mass is your atomic number and a is your mass number. So mass number atomic number. Okay. Know that the atomic number listen attentively atomic number is number of protons. Mass number is number of what? protons plus neutron.

[00:57:20]But now when you're talking about an element that is now having an electron, something else is here. Right? Now when an element is having an electron, it means that okay, it is now a charge. Do you get it? So it's either a cation or anion. A cation is when it gave out electron and anion is when it received electron. Recall initially the number of protons was 17 here. But it became 18.

[00:57:43]That means of course it received one electron. So it's going to be what? an annion. So it's going to be chlorine and anion one electron. Then here will still remain your what your atomic number.

[00:57:57]Yeah number that's um 17 and what this plus this of course. So um 17 + 17 + 18 is 35.

[00:58:10]This is the answer. So don't go and put 18 here. No no no. This is already depicting that okay this is actually 18.

[00:58:16]If you see something like Ca 2 + 20 no tell you that the number of electrons here is what 18 because there's a two plus here that mean it lost two this means gain two so this must be 18 number of protons is equal to number of electrons if and only if the element is in ground state that means it's not an is not an electron it's not an eon it's not it's not an ion do you understand question 33 question 33 says is what is the solubility?

[00:58:49]What's the solubility of a substance if 50 cm cube of saturated of saturated solution contains 8 g. So the volume is 50 cm cube, right? So the mass is 8 g. Okay. So they said a it has an atomic number atomic mass of 60. Of course that's the mass number 60 g. Okay. So we have to find the solubility. So I've told you guys already number CV, right? So what's your mass mass? What's your mass? 8. What's your mass? Since it's A and on his own 60 equals to your sol volume. You use this formula if and only if your V is what? DMQ. But this guy is CMQ. So you say 50 what? 1,000.

[00:59:35]Then why you getting C will be equal to just do this times this. Let's just do it fast fast. No time on there. 1,00 * 1,00 * 8 is 8,000 divided by 60ide by 50 that's 2.67 67 moles per dm cq.

[00:59:58]Okay, that's it. That's the answer.

[01:00:00]Option B, that's the solubility.

[01:00:03]Solubility is not hard.

[01:00:05]Question 34 is on your screen. Question 34 says 20.2 g of a salt.

[01:00:17]That's the mass 20.2 2 g right of a salt has a mar mass of what? 101 g per mole. Okay.

[01:00:29]Is dissolved in 100 g of water. That's what I was trying to tell you. 100 g of water means that the volume of water is 100 cm cube. Put that in your head.

[01:00:39]Okay. To 100 g of water at 25°C. Leave that temperature. What is the solubility of the water? What's solubility perm? We still doing the same thing. N= to CV.

[01:00:52]This is the C looking forward. Your M 20.2 / what? Mass 101 equal to C solubility time. What is your V?

[01:01:01]100,000.

[01:01:03]1,000 cross this 2 cross this two 10.

[01:01:06]Your solubility C we got what? Take this 10 here. 20.2 / 101 * 10. This means this means 202I 101. Right? So turn 101 this is clearly two. So my solubility is what? Two moles per dmq as no worry. 35 35 let's continue 35 says the basicity.

[01:01:36]All right. The basicity of tetraosphosphate 5 acid is so when you talk about basicity basically the number of ionizable hydrogenion the number of hydrogen that can be ionized you understand available for ionization that's solubility that's basic okay so basicity now basicity you lose your you you should have learned in your acid and base okay so they said hydro tetraulfate tetrao phosphates five acid. So you need to know so many um what is called radicals. Okay. So we have SO4 2 minus. Okay. So if you're having hydrogen plus to this guy it means that H2SO4 that mean two hydrogen ions that available for dissociation. So I am um 10 phosphate 5 is P4 3 minus this is it 5 you can calculate the the oxygum phosphorus here look P + oxygen is - 2 * 4 = -3 P this gives me - 8 - 8 = -3 8 - 3 5 you can see five correct so this is P4 3 minus so it means you having hydrogen ion and it is reacting with this radical right so when you cross this give me three this give me one so that's what H 3 P4 so A3 P4 is the acid and it's having three ionizable hydrogen that's why the basic is three the answer is what three okay is a very popular one that can be as exam that confuse many students which is ethaninoic acid now eanic acid is an organic acid The resistance of organic acid is one.

[01:03:30]Please take note of that. Okay. CH3 C. Now that's because you're seeing three hydrogen and you see one hydrogen.

[01:03:38]It doesn't mean that basis is four. Now this how you if this dissociate it looks like this.

[01:03:45]Of course we not going to dissocate partially. It's not going to dissociate completely. So you do reversing reaction. H+ plus CH3 C minus. This is so it has just one hydrogen available for ionization.

[01:04:01]That's why the basis is what? One, this is three. This is two. Put in your head.

[01:04:07]Question 36.

[01:04:11]Question 36 says, sorry.

[01:04:16]Oh, this was 35.

[01:04:20]34.

[01:04:23]34 34 I missed 35. I miss 35. Oh, I missed 35 when I was on range. I miss 35. Let's just keep Okay, 36. So you guys just do 35. I'll put in your screen. I'll do it now. I'll put it when I'm editing. Try 35. I'll put in comment box. Okay, now 36 is saying that. Okay, so this was now 36. So 35 is on your screen. 36. So this 37 here. All right. Now 3 37 is saying which of the following oxide will turn blue red. So to form turn blue it means it must be an acid. So the same for oxide. Okay. So magnesium oxide MGO this basic this basic red. All right. Zinc oxide. Zinc oxide is what? Amphoteric.

[01:05:15]Amphoteric. It can act as an acid and base. Amphoteric oxide.

[01:05:20]Right. Well, carbon oxide CO2 is acidic.

[01:05:24]Come down.

[01:05:26]All right. And SO2 SO2 is also what?

[01:05:28]Acidic. So they said which will turn blue red. Now we're having two acidic oxides here. Which of them are we picking? I'm going to pick this one because this is going to give a very weak acid. It's going to give a weak acid. Look at it. H2O and CO2. What's going to give you? So sorry. when this guy this the kind of acid form is what H2 CO3 right it's a weak acid but the kind of acid this guy form is what H2 SO4 so it first form H2SO3 then H24 is a what very strong acid strong so it's going to what be professionally picked so that's going to be the answer Correct. Is that clear? Good. Now question 38 says when sucrossse react with concentrated H2SO4 sucrossse is a disaccharide under carbohydrate is disaccharide. So we have C12 H22 right 011. Okay. So that's your sucrose.

[01:06:40]So they said when sucrose react with H2O4 to H2O4 right it reacts with this guy. What is going to happen now? One of the the going to be form is what? Carbon black C. Yes. C. Now what happened was that this guy is acted as a dehydrating agent.

[01:07:02]Dehydrating agent.

[01:07:05]That's HSO4. So it's going to form carbon. And this is called charing. In organic chemistry is called what?

[01:07:11]Charing.

[01:07:13]Right. Carbon black. C.

[01:07:16]Sucrose when you use HS4 not necessarily sucrose any carbohydrate when you use H4 it's going to act as a it's going to remove all the water and left what carbon do you understand called taring question 39 question 39 says in which of the following reactions is Guza law applicable so Guza of combining volumes please NOTE THAT IS ONLY applicable when they are combining what volumes of gases. So if you look at option B, option B is saying that H2 and option sim option C is saying that C solid plus O2 gas to give CO2 gas. Please the moment you're seeing solid here, Guza claw is not applicable. Okay, Guza claw tells us that we can actually use volumes with the stochometric mole to solve. Do you understand? For example, you're having H2O plus let me say um N2 give ammonia right NH3 let's balance this guy put two here put three here okay it's balance now so it means that okay if they give me volume of N2 right they give me volume of N2 let's say 200 cm cube right I can use from GZA combining volume to say oh yes 3 to 1 how many to 200 so this works for gases alone that's ga so this is not gas.

[01:08:45]That's that's wrong. Okay. Question 40.

[01:08:49]Final question this video. It says X + Y to give Z. Right. The rate of chemical reaction for the chemical re the rate equation for the chemical reaction is given as R = K X to the power of what? 2 y to the power of what? One nothing. I mean the overall order. Now in case you have to find overall order. First of all, if you ask find the order of x, the order of x in this question is two. The order of y is one. So the overall order is what? The summation of both of them.

[01:09:34]2 + 1. That's what three.

[01:09:38]That's the overall order.

[01:09:43]I hope we enjoy this solid tutorials. If you are able to watch this video to the end, it means that you are really really interested in blasting 226 J and I pray that everything you pray for yourself is going to come to pass. Okay, so I hope you enjoy this video. Do well to like, share and subscribe to the channel. My name is Ajax, CEO, found tutorials. And in case you're interested in being a part of other tutorials, of course, you might watching this video, it will be too late to join our classes. Think classes should have ended by the time you are watching this video. All right, you can always join us for other programs. We hold position classes, we hold um level classes, we hold normal jam classes, you know. So just reach out to number on WhatsApp to be a part. And of course, just go to the exam with confidence. That's just all you need to do. You need to be very very confident and you need to be very very smart to pick your options. There are some questions you might see that you might not know. Don't just feel shaky. All right? Try to see how you can apply the little knowledge you know to answer the question. Sometimes you might actually be very lucky to even get a question that you have zero idea on. Just be very very smart to pick your options. Okay?

[01:10:51]And yes, I'll see you in my next video.

[01:10:54]Have a lovely day. Bye.