This video is a masterclass in exam-hacking that prioritizes score optimization over genuine scientific inquiry. It perfectly illustrates how high-stakes testing reduces the complexity of chemistry to a series of mechanical shortcuts and pattern recognition.
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Hello students. So welcome to chemistry marathon session. In today class as I already actually informed everything in the short strategy video everything. In today class we are going to completely from A to Z we are going to discuss chemistry. Now first question will come to the students.
When it comes to class 11th chemistry when it comes to class 11 majority of the students will be having this question in your mind sir. Now you will solve question or you will teach concepts. Sir I don't know anything. I want complete revision.
So any number of questions will be there in student mind. Right? So how today's session is going to be? First thing I'm going to tell that please do remember the complete class 11 chemistry. How the session is going to be means I am going to discuss each and every concept actually from this entire class 11th.
I'm going to discuss each and every concept from this entire class 11. So what are the chapters we are having in class 11 means first understand the approach my dear students we will be having organic chemistry that is basic principles and technique. When it comes to organic chemistry, first we will be having definitely upsced by isomearism.
The first 10 minutes class is very very important because I'm going to give the complete approach as well as in what are all the areas I'm going to tell shortcut. Now you guys tell me not even 20 days we are having less than 20 days, 19 days, 18 days. Now in this particular time in this particular point of view tell me my dear students if you sit and do everything that is of any use no use no one is going to ask us derivation no one is going to ask me write all the rules write all the steps involved in balancing redux reaction like this and all we are not going to get any questions. So in a very very precise way in a very precise way what is required for neat examination all those things we are going to solve it is clear. So first thing UPSC isomearism after UPSC we are having general organic chemistry followed by this hydrocarbon complete concept question like that I'm going to do entire class my dear students hydrocarbons now this is all about organic chemistry if I talk about physical chemistry this is where majority of the students are facing difficulty when it comes to physical chemistry while the very High weightage chapter equilibrium we are having in 11th class both chemical as well as ionic equilibrium followed by we are having thermodynamics my favorite chapter thermodynamics.
So these two high weightage physical chemistry chapters we are having along with this we are having redu reaction followed by atomic structure.
These four important physical chemistry topics we are having in our class 11.
Next when it comes to inorganic chemistry. In inorganic chemistry what are the topics exactly we are having means periodic table periodic classification and properties okay in short I'm writing it as periodic table next to periodic table we are having chemical bonding then chemical bonding next mole concept that is both inorganic as well as physical chemistry physically inorganic topic that is mole concept.
Now honestly speaking my dear students if you look carefully if you listen carefully how many topics we are having in class 11 we are thinking sir I wasted my 11th class in 12th class I was focusing on my board so I couldn't able to now focus for neat examination my dear students we can able to do it but the very simple thing is try to understand organic chemistry four topics physical four topics and then when it comes to In organic chemistry only three topics. So 8 11 topics. We know very well from this 11 topics in chemistry we are having only 20 chapters according to neat syllabus. Now they need to ask 45 question. That means definitely minimum one question we will get from all this chapter. Maximum of three question four questions also. when it comes to equilibrium if the question paper set I do agree when it comes to question paper 200% I can able to tell chemistry will be very easy my dear students I do agree majority of the students will feel difficult when it comes to chemistry because of exception all these things but easily we can able to score very good marks in chemistry now what are the things I'm going to tell exactly to make sure that each and every one of you can able to attend from This 11 topic let me keep the minimum of two questions we can able to attempt but equilibrium and all four question will come. So if we can able to attempt two question from each chapter then automatically we can able to attempt 22 question. I'm sure short telling from this class you guys can able to solve 22 question. So easily we can able to score 88 marks but once again I'm telling I'm talking in terms of minimum minimum two question but maximum from equilibrium we will get four question from thermodynamics minimum 2 to three question we will get right so like this the things is going to be now how the class is going to be yes duration of the class everything first what I'm going to do is how I am planning means in a very precise way I'm going to explain the concept concepts when it comes to UPSC what is important rules in a very precise way I'm going to give for cyclic compounds everything then isomeism in isomeism maximum what they will ask calculate number of isomers they will ask so in a precise way I'm going to give the idea when it comes to go now if I call any of you and then I ask what is inductive effect what is misomeic Everybody can able to answer but why when it comes to question solving purpose we are feeling very difficult in GC because of the application part. So for this application part also I am going to discuss in a very precise way all the relation everything with the example I'm going to give in go. So after that automatically you guys can able to solve any question when it comes to hydrocarbons the reaction marovniko antimarovnico then wonolyis all are very very important I'm just going to tell how to predict the product everything with the help of reagent with the help of reagent I'm exactly going to tell now when it comes to thermodynamics sir thermodynamics is very tough sir what I can able to do definitely ly I'm just going to give one tabler column in this class I'm going to give only one tabler column for entire thermodynamics if I talk in perspective of question paper setter what question they may ask work done heat internal energy enthalpy these are all the possibilities the question paper setter may ask us to calculate if they are asking us to calculate these work heat, internal energy, enthalpy. So definitely we need to identify what is the process. So in a one simple table column I am going to give all the process involved in thermodynamics. For all those process, what will be the work done formula? What will be the heat formula? What will be change in internal energy? What will be change in enthalpy? Everything I'm going to give in one simple table column. in one simple tabular column I'm going to give all the things. So with the help of that not only need my dear students if you are preparing for any state level or central level entrance or even if you people are preparing for advance also with the help of this single table column you guys can able to score marks.
Next when it comes to redux my existing students know very well. I am just going to give the trick how to balance the redux reaction automatically you guys can able to do thermodynamics means automatically thermmochemistry is involved thermodynamics thermmochemistry also involved don't worry next when it comes to atomic structure where what is very very important means quantum mechanical model graph all the different different possible graphs I'm going to give because if a question paper setter want to frame a little bit tough question automatically they may focus on the graph based question when it comes to atomic structure then equilibrium equilibrium complete chapter I'm going to tell majority of the students are facing difficulty when it comes to buffer and then salt hydrarolysis during my regular class one student asked me sir how I can able to differentiate between buffer and then salt hydrarolysis question how I will come to know by looking at The question yes this question is from salt hydrarolysis this question is from buffer how it is possible for me to identify one student asked me so definitely that ideology also I'm going to give in this class next when it comes to one of the easiest chapter periodic table chemical bonding mole concept in periodic table what I'm going to give means all the trends plus exceptions I'm going to give all the trends plus exceptions I'm going to give when it comes to chemical bonding when in chemical bonding majority of the students are thinking chemical bonding will be fine it will be very easy no my dear students in chemical bonding there is an exception for hybridization in hybridization concept there is an exception so based on this question paper setter may ask question so that is the reason what I'm going to do automatically I will be discussing all the exception apart from this mole concept. So we can able to solve question. It is right it is clear. So very good morning all my dear students.
So initially in the beginning of the class I was very much interested in explaining how the things will be everything. So 4 hours for organic chemistry, four hours for physical chemistry and then four hours for inorganic chemistry. So I am planning for the session to be nearly 12 hours but maximum yes we can able to do it. So first actually you people want to start with exactly what my dear students I am feeling. Let me start with isomeism. What you people are feeling?
Yes.
Yes. Agree the great sir. I completed my biology and physics but didn't even touch the chemistry. Will this session be helpful for me or you would just be giving short revision?
It is not going to be a short revision.
I'm just going to explain each and everything in a very very detailed way.
Don't take it lightly. As I told what are the things I'm going to revise. I am just going to completely discuss the entire chapter in a very precise way.
Yes.
Right. Shall we start? Yes. As even majority of the students if I compare to these things you know organic is very very important my dear students organic is very very important. So now let me start the class with organic. Once I complete all the four topics in organic then I will give the break. Otherwise in between student will ask sir when break will be there sir give me break give me break. So once organic is done and tested break will be there for 25 to 30 minutes then I will start with physical chemistry my favorite then followed by inorganic chemistry. Why inorganic at the last means you guys can able to do if I give all the exception will you guys remember or not easily you guys can able to remember all the question all the exceptions automatically you guys can able to solve all the questions done so we will start the class with organic chemistry I'm going to give entire idea not only the revision one student asked me sir you are just going to give revision honestly I'm telling my dear students I am not taking this class as a faculty Pritis sir is not a chemistry faculty here. How exactly I'm going to take this entire class means if imagine I am a student I'm preparing for neat examination. If I'm a student I'm preparing for my neat examination in what perspective I will be doing the revision.
So in that way exactly I'm going to discuss all this concept. It is clear.
So as a person, as a individual, as a student, if I am having exam on May 3rd, how exactly I will be preparing my own notes, how I will be marking out all the exceptions, everything each and everywhere in that perspective today class is going to be everybody getting the idea. So I'm promising my dear students after this class each and every one of you can able to solve all the questions in a very precise way. See each lectures of five hours 6 hours we can able to take but in a very concise way like a revision if personally I am preparing how exactly I'm going to write in the same way exactly I'm going to do okay so please don't miss anything yes chemistry precise con content pr sir what is your name myself prituat sharma okay fine now shall we start the session without any further delay we will start the session please do listen carefully one more What I'm going to do means concept followed by question. Concept question. Concept question. In this way exactly I'm going to do yes mahasalb it's not yet been decided but still that is the reason now we will make use of this session. All right. So after this 12 hours you people will personally feel chemistry is fine. Sir class 11th I'm ready. That is my responsibility as a student along with you guys. I'm also going to do the revision part. All right. Now we will start the class first concept question. You guys can see all the question is already I'm having. So I'm going to discuss the concept in a very precise way. So after the class notes will be shared in the WhatsApp group. I believe everyone will be there in the WhatsApp. Right? So I believe you people will be there in the WhatsApp.
Please do collect the notes. Try to solve these question. If any question during the class you guys can't able to solve it's fine. Don't get demotivated.
with the help of my revision class you guys can able to solve and then fine now let me start let me jump into the class yes this is the NCERT topic chapter name right I UPSC so quickly I will go with the revision if you people have time please do make a note whenever I'm writing the exception or else I will move so that you people can take the screenshot also right okay first upsc C nom I am not going to in a very precise way I'm going to tell first till now even I don't know anything about UPSC now exactly I'm going to do the revision first what we will be having when it comes to UPSC first thing we need to write prefix 2 then prefix one next I will be having root word followed by root word I will be having suffix one then suffix two sometime why I'm writing this means sometime question papers based on this also they may ask question now what is this suffix two represents it talks about principle functional group high priority functional group, caroxilic acid, alih, ketone, all those things. Suffix one. Suffix one talks about saturation or unsaturation. That is in single bond, double bond, triple bond. Root word we know very well, right? So meet for one, eat two, prop three. Like this, it will be keep on going. Root word prefix one. Prefix one talks about it is applicable only for cylo compounds. If cylo compounds comes then we need to introduce the term cylo. Then prefix two. Prefix 2 talks about branch or substitut.
branch or substituent. Sometime this prefix also talks about less priority functional group. What is that? Alkal group, aloxxy group, nitro group, h hallogen group, hallog group, then phenile group. All these are less priority functional group. When it comes to here these things are high priority functional group. It is clear. Now next thing next what is the major thing we will be having automatically rules before going for the rules what is the priority order we need to follow when it comes to priority order first priority we will be giving for principal functional group will have greater priority than multiple bond Multiple bond will have greater priority than number of carbon atom.
Then we need to give the priority for maximum number of substituents. We need to give priority for maximum number of substituents. Then maximum number of substituents will have greater priority than lowest low rule.
What is lowest locant? Locant means it is nothing but substituent. Substituent should get the lowest number.
Lowest locant. Next the last priority it is for alphabetical order.
Done. So the basic thing when it comes to UPSC prefix 2 prefix one root word suffix one suffix two. Prefix two quickly it talks about branch or substituent or less priority functional group. R N O2 O R X PH. When it comes to prefix one it is applicable only for cyclic compound cy. Root word one means meat. Two means E. Three means probe.
Suffix one N in suffix two. Suffix 2 talks about principal functional group.
What is the priority order we will follow? Principal functional group is having high priority than multiple bond.
Multiple bond is having high priority than number of carbon atom. Number of carbon atom will have greater priority than maximum number of substituents.
Maximum number of substituents is having greater priority than lowest locant.
Lowest locant is having greater priority than alphabetical order. It is clear right? Anybody's having any doubts now?
Now when it comes to principal functional group so many criterias are there sir what is locant? Locant means it is a substituent. The other word for substituent. That's it. Substituent should get the lowest number. That is what exactly I'm calling it as lowest.
Substituent should get the lowest number. Fine. Done. Now principal functional group.
Principal functional group.
Principal functional group what are the principal functional group we are having in the same priority order I'm going to write so please do remember this is the priority order even in J main's exam one question actually this 2026 exam they asked one question based on this priority order so don't underestimate NTA people anything they may ask when it comes to principal functional group what is the order is first actually we will give priority to caroxyic acid Next sulfonic acid.
Caroxilic acid. Tulonic acid. Next anhydride.
Next to two anhydride priority is for esester followed by esester. Acid chloride.
Next we will give priority for acid amide. Next cyanide.
followed by cyanide isocyanide.
Next we will give priority for alihide.
Next priority is for ketone. After ketone alcohol next priority is for theol after theol last priority is for amine. I could have written something there. It's fine.
Lost priority is for amine. So this is the priority order. Based on priority order also sometime the question paper setter may ask question. Now this is the principal functional group in IUPSC nomature. If principle functional groups comes as the suffix two then how we need to give the name.
If principal functional groups comes as a suffix two then how we need to give the name caroxyic acid we will give the name as wic acid. Sulfonic acid we will suffix two will be sulfonic acid only.
In the same way anhydride ichydride yesterday like that we will write right O8 next followed by that acid chloride we will be writing it as Y chloride Y L chloride next acid amide name will be amide only then cyanide Cyanide we will write it as nitral.
Remember we will be writing it as nitral. Then isocyanide we will be writing it as is nitral. Then alihide suffix 2 will be a for ketone n. For alcohol l for thol it is for theol it is theol only. For amine it is amine only.
This is the name for suffix 2. If now one question will come that the same high priority functional groups comes as a comes as a prefix two.
If the same high priority functional groups comes as a prefix to now one question will come for the student. Sir what you are confusing principal functional group you given the priority order this high priority functional groups comes as a suffix to hey hi chawan why this much hi hi hi okay okay okay so my dear students one time if you text also even though when I'm actually discussing very important things I won't reply for the comment but later definitely I will respond okay yes now if the High priority functional groups comes as a suffix 2 at the end in the IUPs name then these are all the names we need to give then what about prefix 2 then what about prefix 2 any idea remember if I'm giving you one organic compound in that more than one functional group is there suppose for example caroxilic acid also is there alcohol also is there which one is high priority According to the order caroxilic acid is high priority. So caroxilic acid will come as a suffix two at the last then which is less priority alcohol then alcohol will come as a prefix too. Now you people are getting an idea. So when it comes to organic compound please do keep this in mind. When it comes to organic compound, always remember if more than one functional group is present, more than one functional group is present, check the priority order. High priority functional group will come as a suffix two. Less priority functional group will come as a prefix 2. So in that particular case if we are having a organic compound in that more than two functional group is there then according to this priority order one we will take it as a suffix to another one will come as a prefix to if that particular functional groups comes as a prefix then what name we need to give that is what now I'm going to give the list please do remember caroxyic acid we will write it as caroxy we We will write it as caroxy.
Tulonic acid we will write it as tulfo.
In the same way anhydride andhydride it's not possible to come as a prefix too. According to the structure there is no possibility esester. If esester comes means we will be calling it as aloxxyarbonile.
Aloxy carbonile.
If esester comes aloxxycarbonile acid chloride then I will be calling it as chlorocarbon.
Chloro cararbonile acid amide I will be calling it as carbom.
Next cyanide. When it comes to cyanide, we will be calling it as cyano.
Understand? If it comes as a suffix to nitrate, if it comes as a substituent, then we will be calling it as cyano.
Okay. Okay. Sure. Sure. I will keep in mind. Yeah. Sure. Okay. I will use thinner brush. Wait. So carbo cyano when it comes to iso nitral if it cyano isocyanide comes as a prefix too then I will be calling it as isocyano.
Next when it comes to alihide remember this is very very important. Two names will be there. One is aldo another one is farm. when I will be calling it as aldo. Remember one thing if functional group carbon if functional group carbon is included in counting if functional group carbon is included in counting. If carbon is included in counting counting the parent shape when I will use farm.
If functional group carbon is not included in counting then I will be using for my next next ketone. When it comes to ketone, if it comes as a prefix two, then we will be calling it as keto or oxo. Keto or oxo. When it when it comes to alcohol, we will be calling it as hydroxy.
We will be calling it as hydroxy. Tol we will be calling it as mercap.
When it comes to amine we will be calling it as amino. When it comes to amine we will be calling it as amino. So these are all the suffix two and then prefix to name. It is clear then anybody is having any doubts. So please do remember my dear students very very important. Quickly once again I will give like a revision when it comes to UPSC. This is the order. This is the priority order we need to do when it comes to numbering. I believe each and everyone knows everything like a revision I'm giving in a very precise way. Instead of reading two pages, three pages in the same way when it comes to yes priority functional group if it comes as a suffix two these are all the suffix we need to give. If it comes as a prefix when it will come as a prefix if two functional group is present in organic compound one is having high priority then less priority will come as a prefix too. These are all the names we need to give.
Sir when keto when oxo there is no difference we can use keto or oxo both are correct only but when it comes to alihide only we are having this difference when we need to use aldo when we need to use clear yes done clear okay perfect now the next thing what is the next thing we will be having I believe each and everyone knows the rule right now I'm going to explain how to name for cyclic compounds upc naming in cylo compounds as I told in a very precise way I'm giving if I am a student if I am going to write neat in what way I will be preparing in that way actually I'm doing naming cylo compound in a cylo compound what order we will follow the same order only prefix 2 we know very well along with that prefix one we need to include as I told in the beginning of the class prefix one will be cylo next to what we will be having next we will be having root word we will be having any idea next we will be having suffix one no doubt in that next we will be having suff Suffix one plus instead of suffix two when it comes to cylo compounds we will be having special suffix two we will be having special suffix two sir what sir if I'm doing cylo compound then what is this special suffix two that is what I'm going to give now idea when it comes to special suffix two when it comes comes to special suffix 2.
What are the names we will be having special special suffix 2? When it comes to special suffix 2, what are the names we will be having? Any idea? Yes. Caroxyic acid will come as caroxyic acid only in special suffix two. Caroxilic acid will come as caroxyic acid only.
Talphonic acid in a cyclic compound special suffix two it will come as sulonic acid only acid andhydrate nothing is there. Next when it comes to estester it will come as carboilate in a cyclic compound we will use the name carboilate.
Next we will be having acid chloride.
For acid chloride we will be having carbonile chloride. For acid chloride we will be asking carbonile chloride.
Carbonile chloride. Next acid amide. Sir when will you ask the question? That's it. After cylo compounds what is there?
Ben benzenide compound some six rules is there. Then immediately we are going to solve question with that upper is done and tested. Next I will take isomeism in the same way in a very precise way what is required I'm going to give all the relation this destroy confusions are there between students so for that also what I'm going to do means I'm going to give the shortcut that's it if for that particular shortcut one thing my dear students if there is a exception for any shortcut then definitely I won't call it as shortcut okay I won't call it as a shortcut clear sir Why nothing for an hydrate?
There is no possible cyclic compound.
Okay, because of the stability issue, angle strain issue, all those things.
Fine. Carbonate chloride. Next, what we are having acid amide. If acid amide comes in a ring, then we will be calling it as caroxamide.
We will be calling it as caroxamide.
Thin brush is fine. No, because one student requested that's why I changed it to thin brush. Next cyanide. Cyanide we will be calling it as carbon nitral.
We will be calling it as caron nitri.
carbon nitr. Next alihide. Alihide we will be calling it as the same thing carbaldihide. Alihide we will be calling it as carbaldihide.
You guys can understand the difference.
Right? Now I will do question. Now you automatically you people will get an idea. Next alcohol. Alcohol will come as O only. Alcohol will come as O only.
Theol. Theol will come as theol. Theol is very easy. No only in prefix to we are having it as meto otherwise it is theol only. Last thing amine. So amine will come as amine only. Amine will come as amine only. It is clear my dear students. So this is all about special suffix two.
Now confusion will come where confusion will come between ring and the chain which one I need to give sir alcohol phenol and ether and some other chapter sir today is class 11 complete chemistry 18th I'm just going to do class 12th chemistry in the same way that time I will cover all the class 12 portion is it okay kavita done Yeah, it is clear now. Now as I told just now rules where confusion will come for us means if chain is also present along with the ring. So generally what is the priority we need to give?
What is the priority order we need to give? Remember principal functional group has greater priority than multiple bonds then multiple bond will have greater priority than number of carbon atoms.
This is basic rule here. Nothing special actually. This is basic rule. Next rule is very important. Please do make a note in your notebook. Next rule is very very important. Today only organic or all.
Hey what is that y name? Kuchimai kuchimai 143. Uh so all portions of class 11 not only organic organic inorganic physical whatever is there in class 11 NCERTT textbook clear but I like your username 143.
Okay. So priority principal functional group multiple bond number of carbon atom. Next rule please do remember if number of carbon atom is same. If number of carbon atom is same then which one we need to give priority? Any idea?
Remember ring will get more priority than chain.
Then we need to give numbering for the ring. that will be considered as a main chain.
Okay. In this that much happiness not the legendary obby. Okay. So ring is greater than chain. If number of carbon atom is same then ring is greater than chain. Next understand if carbon containing functional group if carbon containing functional group like caroxyic acid all those things. If carbon containing functional group is directly attached with the ring. If carbon containing functional group is directly attached attached with the ring automatically which one we need to give high high priority. Yes.
Yes. Tell me. Remember functional group is taken as part of the ring. functional group is taken as part of the ring.
Students are having confusion in this one rule. My dear students, everyone even my past students, existing students, everyone is having doubt.
With the help of this single rule, we can able to solve all the question. Sir, how many session will you take sir? Uh today actually I'm doing for uh class 11 complete chemistry. So today 15th right 15th Wednesday. So Friday I will be meeting once again you guys in top 500 questions. Next Saturday I will be doing class 12 chemistry complete marathon.
No that is not possible. Agreeing the grade.
Okay.
Right.
Done.
Everything is clear. Fine.
Yes. Pa by gaming. I'm just reading everyone name. Actually whenever I'm feeling uh bored no if I see everyone uh username no in white but some people are keeping it as the normal name.
Yeah. See Imran, Aura, Absana like that.
But some people you see wrote to Jibar.
Okay. Fine.
Henry. Okay. Then shall we move further?
Let me give some example for this.
If number of carbon atom is same then ring will get more priority than chain.
If carbon containing functional group is directly attached with the ring, functional group is taken as the part of the ring. That is very very important.
Now suppose CO H. Now how to do the numbering based on this rule? How to do the numbering my dear students?
Yes.
How to do the numbering? If carbon containing functional group is directly attached with the ring, we can able to see this carbon containing functional group is directly attached with the ring. That means functional group is taken as the part of the ring. That means it is taken as the part of the ring means numbering ring will get high priority. 1 2 3 like this we need to give the numbering. It is clear everybody getting an idea. Yes.
If suppose then one question will come sir if the same structure is like this CH2 CH now in this case also I need to take this thing functional group as a part of the ring. No, if you look these two molecules, my dear students, what is the difference we are getting? Here carbon containing functional group is directly attached to the ring. But here carbon containing functional group functional group carbon is not directly attached.
In between we are having alkal group. So in this case automatically chain will get the high priority.
It is clear because functional group is there in the open part. Right? So that is the reason that will give the high priority. It is clear. Now the last thing we are having benzene derivative.
So before doing benzene derivative. So shall we do some question?
Yes. Shall we do some question? Before going for benzene derivative, let me check. Nearly 40 students are watching.
So don't hesitate to tell the answer.
See this is our classroom. Here you guys can do mistake. But I don't want you guys to do any mistake when it comes to final May 3rd examination.
Right now let me check.
Let me give one molecule for understanding purpose practice.
Let me give one molecule CH3 C double bond O CH2. Once again I'm having CH2 C double bond O.
Tell the name for this particular compound my dear students quick tell the name how I can exactly see the question is asking first you answer this question for this no poll my dear students why poll is required for this tell me this is understanding question to check whether you people got concept clarity or not please do everyone I want you guys to tell the UPSC name in the comment section Click.
Yes.
Yes. Everybody quick.
What will be the answer? How to do the numbering?
Poor hydroxybutinic acid.
Sure. Hydroxy is the name for what?
Hydroxy is the name. You guys can make use of this tabler column. Hydroxy.
Hydroxy is the name for alcohol.
But which group is there? That you guys need to see. Four oxopentinoic acid.
Four oxopentinoic acid. Four oxopentinoic acid. for formal pentaninoic acid. Now the doubt is coming for ketoeninoic acid. Listen carefully. Formile when I can use the formal thing. Formal is applicable only for alihide. Formal is applicable only for alihide. First thing try to understand this is the way to solve the question. First we need to check what are the things given in the question.
CH carboxilic acid C double bond O ketone which one is having high priority H. So this will come as a principal functional group that is suffix 2.
Suffix two what is the name I told for caroxilic acid? OIC acid then automatically when two functional groups are there even though it is high priority functional group this will be taken as a prefix 2 in prefix 2 ketone will come as oxo or keto anything is fine both are correct only so how to give the numbering now as I told high priority functional group 1 2 3 4 5. So automatically what will be the correct answer? The name of the compound will be four oxo. Four oxo five means pentane and then ic acid. But what we need to do here vovel rule. A e i o u.
So according to vowel rule e will not come. So the correct answer is porox pentaninoic acid. Porox pentaninoic acid. It is clear right everybody getting the idea. Fox pentaninoic acid.
So these things are very very important.
Four oxo pentaninoic acid. Next question.
Let me check. So because answering these questions is very very important.
Another confusion students will be having when it comes to priority of double bond. Let me take three compounds.
Um let me write like this. TH2 double bond CH single bond C triple bond CH. Next I am having CH3 CH double bond CH single bond C triple bond CH this is another molecule next to molecule CH2 let me take like this CH2 double bond CH single bond C triple bond CH CH3 for all these things till the numbering.
My dear students, if we can able to do the numbering, then things will be very clear. Once again, why here hydrogen will not come? Carbon balance is only poor. Yes. Yes. Tell me how to give the numbering quick.
>> Yes. How to give the numbering?
I'm asking about the numbering butane one in four in first prop 3 how probe will come.
First one right to left be one in three in how to solve this from in.
So very simple remember when it comes to double bond triple bond remember this very very important if I compare a double bond and triple bond which one will have the greater priority means if both are in terminal end double bond will have greater priority than triple bond. So automatically the numbering will be 1 2 3 4. Now what is the name?
Four carbon is there. But alphabetical order double bond E N E triple bond Y and E. So E and E will come first. So but 1 in 3 where double bond is starting double bond is starting from first carbon and ending at second carbon. Triple bonding is triple bond is starting from third carbon ending at fourth carbon. That means whenever we are writing double bond triple bond we need to always consider the starting number from where exactly double bond is starting that is what we need to consider. It is clear from where double bond is starting that is what we need to consider here. So but one in three. Next one how we will give the number consecutive a e i o u vowel rule. Please do follow bubble rule a e i o u that should be very very important. Next how to give the name double bond triple bond which one will get the more priority when if triple bond is present in terminal end then automatically that will get the high priority. What is the problem? You know my dear students from day one of our 11th class we will be keep on preparing when exactly we will do the mistake you know when exam is approaching we will forget this double bond priority and all we will think hey this and all is not important they will definitely ask question from Faraday's law only they will ask complicated questions only unwantedly we will increase the level and then we will prepare but finally what will happen no like the simple question will come in the exam automatically we will be making the mistake. So please do be very careful.
Don't prejudge the paper. We need to prepare definitely even in chemical bonding I'm going to give hybridization exception everything. So automatically you guys can able to do it. Okay. Yes.
So 1 2 3 4 5 this is the priority. If triple bond is there in the terminal double bond is there also then triple bond will get high priority. Then automatically what will be the name?
Five carbon is there. Pent in third position double bond is starting pentine bubble rule I'm not going to write e so one i in the last one how to give the numbering quick double bond triple bond so in the terminal end what is there double bond so double bond will get high priority 1 2 3 4 5 so what will be the name pint 1 in three pent one in three it is clear my dear students anybody is having any doubts right next only one question I will ask that will be the challenging question after that we will start solving benzene derivative some six simple rule I will give after that we will start solving question from my UPSC so 1 hour is going to complete 1 hour for one chapter in that way I planned for 12 chapters okay yes we are reaching our deadline time because if you are not discussing in a proper way no then it is of no use my dear students marathon itself is of no use even after the class if you people are taking and checking no you guys need to know okay 1 hour 1 hour sir is doing it'll be very easy for you guys also to do revision now one question let me write here very simple last practice question what exactly I'm having benzene ring I'm taking oh my god problem is going to come sir. No problem.
CH2 H here. Let me put one substituent uh CH2 CO H. Let me put one more CO here.
Yes sir.
If you guys can able to tell answer for this question things is done.
Everybody please to tell me tell me the UPSC name of this particular compound.
Yes.
I UPSC name of this particular compound.
Let me check why the class is very silent.
Tell it's a challenge question for you guys. This is the challenge question quick.
Four caroxy methyl benzoic acid wrong.
Two four caroxy phenile acetic acid wrong.
Yes. Others give a try. What will be the correct answer?
Paramthile caroxy benzoic acid. No, it is wrong. When it comes to upscar students, think and tell me or metapara, these words we can use. Please do remember now onwards. When it comes to upsc or metapara, these words we should not use these and all way of nomenclature.
Two phenile tanoic acid wrong. Two caroxy benzoic acid wrong. Four caroxy benzene acetic acid wrong.
Why my dear students? Now tell me this one question comes in need 2026. What will happen?
Yes.
When it comes to organic sir you are from south.
Yes ma'am. Movies smooth. What's your real name? Please do let me know so that I can remember.
One two benzoic acid.
No wrong. How? It will be 1 comma 2 benzoic acid. How to give the name? My dear students, listen carefully. This is very very important. Yes. Lakshmi formethyl caroxy benzoic acid. No.
What is benzoic acid? My dear students, you tell me where all those things is coming. First thing ring look at the structure carefully. Ring is there. Whenever we are dealing with ring we know one thing right? What is the idea? Carbon containing functional group is directly attached or not.
Here carbon containing functional group is directly attached. So this will be taken as a part of the ring. So ring will get high priority.
But here if I look carbon containing functional group is directly attached.
No. So automatically this will get high priority because open part is having functional group. So automatically the numbering will be like this 1 2 but in second position. Now this entire thing is coming as a substituent. This entire thing is coming as a substituent. So automatically now I need to give the numbering. How I can do to differentiate? 1 dash 2 dash 3 dash 4 dash 5 dash 6 dash. This is different dash. So if I come this way also this will get four number. If I come this way also four number. So in four dash we are having coh. Now tell me in a cyclic compound which suffix we need to use? We need to use special suffix. So what is the special suffix? We studied for what is the suffix? We will be using special suffix when we will be using special suffix. If the functional group is present as the high priority but here what we are having high priority functional group is CO when more than one functional group is there automatically this will get high priority this will get the low priority this will comes as a prefix so when it comes to prefix what we are having the name once again what is the name we are having caroxy so in which position we are having caroxy in Which position we are having caroxy?
In fourth position exactly we are having the caroxy. Now understand one thing how to write the name. In second position complex substitution means we will open the bracket. In second position what we are having? Poor dash caroxy.
This entire substituent is called as phenile.
Poor caroxy phenile. Now what is this UPSC name? Two carbon is there ethaninoic acid.
Ethaninoic acid. So this will be the answer for this compound. It is clear.
Now everyone is telling ah yes sir two phenile caroxy ethaninoic acid. Now everyone is telling Ramburi. Hi sir. Hi Ramburi.
Everybody is getting an idea right? So these things are very very important.
Now quickly we will discuss about the benzene derivative then we will go to solve question. It is clear anybody is having any doubts. That's all my dear students upscure is not at all complicated. We are only unnecessarily making it complicated. Yes once again I will repeat for sure. So these are all the basic UPSC the root structure priority order. Remember this tablet column. One thing when it comes to my class I will be always giving a number of tablet column not in the sense like you guys need to memorize please do remember it's not about memorizing it's all about getting familiar with the things again and again if I keep on looking at this tabular column what will happen things will come and register in our mind that's it okay so these are all the things very very important upscaming in cylo compound don't forget this priority next yes these are all the example when it comes to here Yes, one student asked me sir, please explain. Remember acetic acid cannot be used in UPSC acid. Tell me it is poss.
We should not use that. Now if you look carefully here functional group is there but here carbon containing functional group is directly attached. So ring will taken as a main part. But here in open chain also functional group is there.
Then automatically this is the parent chain. Entire thing will be a functional group. Now how to give the name numbering? Now you would have understood. But how to give the name?
Now understand this is high priority functional group. So this functional group will come as a prefix. In prefix what is the name caroxy four-car phenile to which position it is attached? Second carbon. Two carbon is there ethaninoic acid.
It is clear right? Anybody's having any doubts? No doubts. Now shall we start solving question.
Okay. Before getting into question benzene derivatives we will discuss.
Then we can for benzene derivatives. We will discuss some rules for benzene derivatives. Then we can solve benzene derivative.
Yes.
benzene derivative remember simple simple rules we are having so keep this in mind randomly please don't don't do the things in the exam my dear students benzene derivative is also very very important when it comes to benzene derivative first rule if compound is having if compound is having one functional group if compound is having one functional group remember then common name is actually called as UPSC name then common name is retained when if compound is having one functional group when compound is having one functional group phenile if benzene ring comes as a substituent then it is called as phenile that is phenol All my dear students understand yes maligarjun are ready and then a degrade both are having this confusion. Please do remember carefully.
If benzene ring alan comes as a substituent alkal benzene ring comes as a substituent phenile. If phenol with benzene ring with O then it is called as phenol. If it comes as a substitute what we will be calling it as four hydroxyphenile we will be calling.
Understand this difference my dear students. Okay sir. If ring have O instead of CO then O is a less priority functional group. CO will be high priority then automatically what we will be using. Good question.
Instead of this CO H or this COH that you need to tell me Lakshmi instead of this CO H you are taking O or instead of this CO you are taking O top or down please do let me know that hey you are telling is great goat you are telling in the way like great of all the time or goat that sheep will be there No because I won't believe my students. My students know they will be always making fun. Sir, your handwriting is super. So please tell for both. Okay, very good.
If this having then O definitely CO will get high priority. Oh will comes as a prefix only. We will use the word hydroxy here for hydroxyphenile.
Now in the top is there then which one will get high priority? Anyhow, this will come as the part of a ring. So, ring will get the high priority.
Okay fine. Then yes. So if compound is having one functional group then common name is retain. Example you people want let me give few example then only you guys can able to solve the question correctly.
When it comes to question solving no excuses nothing. I want each and every one of you to tell the correct answer.
Yes. Benzene ring with one functional group. We will be calling it as benzoic acid. A UPSC name also benzoic acid.
Right? In the same way. Now since we discussed about phenol benzene ring with one functional group then common name is phenol upsc name also phenol. Next rule, if more than one functional group is present, what to do?
Second rule, if more than one functional group is present. For example, here one oh is there here also oh is there then in this case what it is easy what it is easy for us to do.
Yes, in a benzene ring if more than one functional group is present then automatically we need to follow IUPAC nomenclature follow IUPAC.
So which is the 1 2 3 lowest low sum rule 3 + 1 will be four. If I do like this 1 2 3 4 5 1 + 5 will become six.
lowest to low I told right so based on that we can do we can follow normal IU UPSC if compound is combination of both open and ring part understand next rule is very important if compound is having both open part and ring part what sir we didn't understand wait let me tell here I am having CH2 CH2 CH3 open part is there ring part is there here I am having CH3 3 here I am having CH2CH3 then what to do if a compound is having both ring part as well as open part remember which one will give the high priority means open part is always taken as the main part. So how the numbering will be 1 2 3 open part is always taken as the main part.
Open part will be taken as the main part but exceptions are there. What is the exceptions?
These two is an exception.
exception for only methile and then ethile. When it comes to methile and ethile automatically what will get the high priority? Ring will taken as the main part.
Here also ring will take as the main part. Other than these two everything is fine. Right? Now one question will come that CH3 is only one functional group.
No then automatically here also only one functional group. Common name we can use CH3 is a less priority functional group.
We won't call it as high priority functional group. It is clear. Hi sir, good afternoon. Good afternoon. Bali. So we will be taking it as high priority functional group. These are high priority functional group but alkal is a less priority functional group. In the beginning of the class I told methile is the less priority functional group. You guys can see it is the less priority functional group.
Sir tell me will I get more than 100 after watching this video? Yes, exactly.
Uh you do one thing Mr. Sanji 4328 do one thing now nearly 1 hour class completed right quickly you just go to the starting of the video and then watch in 2x or 2.5x speed and let me know you are getting confident or not done it is clear so remember exception is only methile and ethile is an exception methile ethile is an exception when if compound is having both open and ring part Next, if suppose the compound is having functional group.
For example, if the compound is having functional group.
If the compound is having functional group then automatically which one we need to take it as main part which one we need to take it as main part.
Functional group is taken as a main part. Functional group will be taken as a main part. So automatically numbering will be one two. Now tell me the name of this compound my dear students. Suppose if here I am having NH2 group. Tell me the name of this particular compound quick.
Tell me the name of this particular compound.
What will be the name of this particular compound?
Let me know.
What will be the name of this particular compound? Quick, which one will get high priority? Solve in this way. Which one will get high priority?
WH NH2 high priority function group is WH so automatically as a prefix 2 NH2 will come as amino in which position it is coming as amino the main part is functional group is there so this is the main part in first position I'm having benzene ring also so automatically the name will be one what I will be starting 1 dash 2 dash 3 dash 4 dash 4 dash amino No phenile what is the name we will be getting here two means e in one position we are having o so it is nothing but ethanol ethane 1 but instead of write we can writing as ethane one all or else ethanol both are one four amino phenile ethanol exactly it is clear everybody getting an idea so these are all the rules we need to remember when it comes to benzene derivative randomly we should not do. So remember this. Now suppose if choice is there for us if choice is there suppose we are getting like a tiebreaker if we are getting a choice then in that case what we need to do?
Yes. If choice is there which one we need to give priority?
Last rule, if choice is there for us, if choice is there, remember my dear students, when it comes to benzene derivative, priority is given to open part. Okay? If there is a choice, please do remember priority is given to open part. No change in that.
Your choice is there.
Priority is given to open party. That's all my dear students upscing questions. Anybody's having any doubts sir any example for last rule you can take this rule you can take this rule if two functional group is there actually we can't take the same example if like this it is there then open part will get the more priority then click clear. Oh, very sorry. Yes.
Now, shall we start solving question? I UPSC nom creature is completed in 1 hour 20 minutes. Maybe beginning 10 minutes.
Actually, I used I took all the time to write all the things right now. Is everyone is ready to solve UPSC questions?
Yes, please do let me know my dear students. Yes, everyone is ready to solve UPSC questions.
So as usual how the question session will be means I will display the question I will open the poll I will give the time of 45 seconds to 60 second because now we are learning the concept right after 20th now why I'm coming marathon in the short time means today this complete class 11 marathon Friday I'm going to discuss top 500 question in marathon then followed by that Saturday I'm going to come class 12th marathon sir since it's my first time learning this I can't understand anything but Jack STS live what is your real name dama you tell me from the beginning you are listening to the class for the last 1 hour 1 hour 15 minutes nearly yes tell me yes very good very good sabarish I'm appreciating you yes everyone is ready I Shall we start? So once again like a quick revision I want to give for UPSC nomomenclature. So when it comes to UPSC nomenclature in the last minute also this is more than sufficient I included everything UPSC the general structure this is the priority order we need to followed by that priority functional group suffix two prefix 2 and then when special suffix 2 comes. So everything we discussed when it comes to cyclic compounds we need to use special suffix two. Remember when it comes to cylo compounds we need to remember this followed by that these are all the some practice questions I given while teaching for understanding even if you people are watching recorded also you guys can see then when it comes to benzene derivative these are all the five rules we need to remember that's all right right okay now shall we Start first question for the day.
Now let me start the question.
Yes.
Yes. First question for the day.
Let me give since it is first time I'm giving timeless poll. Tell me UPSC name of the following compound is what is the UPSC name of the following compound?
In chemistry definitely we need to solve question otherwise even I will feel sleepy that's all IUPC nomenclature is done and dusted my dear students please do tell me yes what will be the answer for this first C B C What is the correct answer?
First understand what exactly we are having? I told clearly in the class also if let me use thick brush actually when it comes to question solving. So what exactly we will be using? If it comes in a terminal end automatically what we will be doing this will get high priority 1 2 3 4 5. So five means pend one in three in. So option C is the correct answer. Option C is the correct answer. Option C is the correct answer.
Okay Mr. Sun City sir I am a CBSC students. I have completed class 12 chemistry. Very good. Now then you can make use of this class 11 marathon session. Now upcure we completed. Next I will be moving into isomeism. Then first question answer is option C.
Next question.
Yes. Question based on common name.
Now with the help of this IUPAC name first try to draw the structure my dear students.
Yes.
With the help of this UPSC name try to draw the structure common name of 2A 2 dimethyl propane.
Okay.
Some students are telling A, some students are telling C, some students are telling B. What will be the answer?
2 comma 2 dimethyl propane PH3 PH CH3 1 2 3 1 2 3 in either way I will be having this only as second carbon but in second carbon what we are having 2A 2 dimethile that means two methile group is attached to second carbon so automatically this is exactly called as What?
What is the common name? Neopentane.
This is exactly called as neopentane.
So option A is the right answer. This is called as neopentane. So option A is the right answer. Why confusion is coming between isog group? Iso means what exactly we will be having? Isopropane means the structure will be CH3 T CH2 CH3 isopropane right so understand the difference my dear students this is very very important then yes fine so neopreinting next question.
I UPSC name of the following compound.
Yes.
UPC name of the following compound.
See B C A B A C What will be the correct answer?
No ser no server Hussein. You can just enter your answer automatically it will be captured. Don't worry.
Yes. So automatically let me stop the poll. What will be the correct answer?
First we need to check the group. What functional group we are having? It is not ketone. We are having amide functional group.
So this actually will get the high priority. So how many carbon atom will be there? 1 2 3 4 5 6 longest carbon chain. In third position we are having methile. Fifth position chloro. Fourth position bromo. But how we need to write? While writing we need to follow alphabetical order. We need to follow alphabetical order. First B will come four bromo. After that C will come five chloro. Then M will come three methile.
Six means hexane. Vels rule. So E will go off amide. Option A is the right answer. So option A is the right answer.
It is clear. Then next question by amide we can choose option yes option elimination method.
Uh this is basic question right? Which of the following is not a homologus?
Basic question based on homologous series. What is homologous series?
Increase or decrease in the length of carbon chain by CH2 group. What is actually homologus series? There will be increase in the length of carbon chain or decrease in the length of carbon chain by PH2 group. Yes, tell me.
Yes. Yes. Yes.
The question is all about which is not homologous. They are asking which is not homologous which is not homologous. A is a homologus because there is the increase in the length of the carbon chain by CH2 group.
Okay, maybe you people are thinking like this. I think sir this is three carbon sir propane then but this is five carbon sir then it is pentane. How sir this will be homologous? But both belong to same homologous family or not? Both belong to same homologous family or not.
Exactly. Both belong to same homologous family only. Either there is increase in the length of carbon chain or not. Yes.
By adding two CH2 group both belong to same family. So A is a homologus but it is not correct. The question is all about not they are asking this is homologous.
What is the correct answer? Quick.
Sorry sir, didn't notice that. Fine, fine, fine. No need to tell. Sorry ma'am. What will be the answer? Correct answer is option D is the correct answer. Option D is the correct answer.
Sir, why sir? Here CH2 is not there.
Here CH2 is there. Here CH2 is not there. CH then why? What is the definition? Increase in the length of the carbon chain. Here are we having carbon chain my dear students?
So correct answer is option D. Both B and C is the right answer. Please be very careful.
Next question. IUPAC name of the following compound.
Yes, very good question. Now if you guys can able to solve this question automatically things will be done and understand.
increase in the length of carbon chain NH2 group and then another functional group is there between that TH2 comes means how it will be homologous series is upc name of the following compound.
Quick.
That's Yes.
What is the correct answer?
Which one we need to give the high priority whether ring or open part? I told if functional group is present that will be taken as a high priority.
But when it comes to priority order what we are having priority functional group is greater than multiple bond. After that only we are having maximum number of carbon atom I given that priority order right. So accordingly speaking multiple bond is there. So this will be taken as the main part. So which is coming as a substituent? 1 2 3 four only four carbon atom. This is not four means butane. If it comes as a substituent butile in first position but is there. So one butile cycloprope where double bond is starting in the first carbon atom. One butile cycloprope 1 in. So option B is the correct answer. Option B is the right answer. It is clear. Next question.
Which of the following is ethile benzoate?
Yes.
Which of the following is ethile benzoate? When it comes to yester, when it comes to yester nomomenclature, students are having very much confusion.
Even yesterday one of my other bad student texted me in telegram. Sir is both are same answer like that.
Tell me my dear students.
Which of the following is ethile benzolate?
Yes.
Which of the following is ethile benzoate?
Everyone. Option B, sir. Option B, sir.
Yes.
Yeah. 2,000% wrong.
So, which is actually called as eile benzoate. So, option B is the correct answer. Option B is the correct answer.
Eile benzoate.
Then remember one thing my dear students when it comes to esester nomenclature how we will know we will be having caroxilic acid along with that we will be having alcohol right now in this what exactly we can able to remove? We can able to remove water.
We can able to remove water from this.
If I remove water, what exactly we will be having?
We will be having R C O R. Remember whatever the group come from the alcohol, it is always fixed. The group coming out from the alcohol is fixed.
Fixed means what? Ethanol means ethile.
It is coming from propanol means propile. Butinol means butile. The other thing only we need to write it as O A T E.
Sir, your voice is not clear. Only for cyhali for everyone it is like that.
Ma'am, please do let me know in the comment section.
Please do let me know in the comment section.
Clear sir ciphery then I think my voice only is like that drama otherwise check your settings drama okay yes thanks for informing me so alcohol whatever the groups come from the alcohol is fixed so don't get confused so from this structure what I can able to tell ethile that means it is coming from ethanol plus benzoic acid to acid group only we need to voice is somewhat low sir maybe I am talking low I think here clear sir clear sir clear sir clear sir clear okay fine clear voice sir okay okay thank you so remember one thing whatever the groups come from alcohol it is always fixed acid only to acid only we need to write it as o so remember this when it comes to estra nomenclature don't get confused okay it is But low s now it is okay now it is fine.
Yes sure I not feel low sir. Okay, maybe this much time I was talking little bit loud when actually I reduced my voice. Maybe because of that.
Okay. Okay. Fine. Now this is all about UPSC nomenclature. So in a single class if I want to solve so many UPSC nomenclature question means then we can able to do but time will not be sufficient. So now when it comes to upscure that's all my dear students these are all the things you guys need to remember because next isomeism questions I'm having yeah so these are all the very very simple things you guys need to remember when it comes to UPSC nomenclature it is clear right now shall we move into isomeism part everyone is ready so finally upsc nomenclature is completely done.
So remember UPSC nomenclature is completed. So all the rules everything in a very precise way we discussed followed by we solved the question also.
Now I am moving into isomearism.
When it comes to isome majority of the students will be feeling difficulty.
Why? Calculation of isomers sir yanumer diastomer they are asking sir but I couldn't able to find out whether the given compound is yanumer or diastr sir they're asking number of miso compounds is there any separate formula for miso compounds I don't know how to calculate so for all these things what I am going to do now means in a very very precise way I'm going to give all the formulas even without knowing the concept also So how you guys with the help of formula you guys can able to calculate total number of isomers I'm going to tell now okay so isomers will be very interesting listen carefully let me discuss all the concepts I won't leave even single thing now isomeism after isomeism go I do know go is very very important majority of the students you will feel difficult Oh my god. Yes. Came.
Yeah. Fine. Now I'm starting with isome.
Now in isomearism I'm going to give idea on ttoarism also in between I will be drawing so many structure I will be asking you guys to tell me whether ttoism is possible or not all those things so please be very careful listen carefully then only you guys can able to tell all complicated molecules I will give I will ask whether ttoarism is possible or not you guys need to tell me okay fine now we will start the class so already one and a half hour completed so isomeism is in next 1 hour we are going to complete fine then only in four hours we can complete organic chemistry otherwise entire organic chemistry journey will be running I need to keep part two class 11 I am ready to keep my dear students don't worry so before this 20th I will finish class 11 class 2 that's why I requested the team also prepare the schedule in that way today class 11 Saturday class 2 class 12th and then Friday top 500 questions not only me along with me subrats sir amigam all v3 are going to give top 500 questions for ne 2026 examination fine now we will Start all three we will come together. When it comes to isomearism.
First thing what we need to think type of isomeism. Classification is very very important. We will be having structural as well as we will be having stereoisomeism.
Structural as well as stereoisomeism.
Listen carefully. First thing let me start with structural isomeism.
When it comes to structural isomeism, what are the structural isomeism? We are having chain isomeism.
First thing we are having chain isomeism. How we can able to define chain isomeism?
It will be having same molecular formula but different parent chain. Different parent chain means I UPSC name will be different.
Very simple. In the same way, next one after chain isome, next isomeism is position isome.
What is position isome?
Same molecular formula. We will be having same molecular formula but remember my dear students different position of substituents.
Different position of substituents not only substituents we will be having functional group as well as a double bond triple bond also clear so chain and then position isomer. Now example for better understanding always example is important. I won't go for part two that's why I'm going time is I think now we are planned in a very perfect way how in one and a half hour we completed UPSC in the same way we'll complete isomeirism also listen carefully please do make a note of all the formulas wherever I'm writing my you won't get all the formulas in any textbook so first 1 2 3 4 the same thing 1 2 3 tell me both are having same molecular formula but different parent chain if you do the uppe this is two methyl propane But this is butane when it comes to position isomers right? It is clear. So this is called as bututinol. But what I told position of functional group will be different 1 2 3 4. Four carbon atoms is there in the same way 1 1 2 3 4. But here I will be having O group. Functional group is in first carbon but here functional group is in second carbon. So position of functional group is different. So automatically it is called as position isomer.
Next one. Next what is the isomer we are having.
Next is metameism chain isomeism position isomeism.
Metamarism. How we can able to define metamarism? When it comes to metameism, same molecular formula different arrangement of atom or group either side of functional group. Metameism otherwise I will write like this. Different arrangement of different arrangement of alkal group around polyalent functional group. What is polyalent? We know from basic chemistry from sixth standard seventh standard.
She Sabarishwaran sir I'm stuck in I'm stuck in electrochemistry I feel difficult that chapter especially in Faradaya when you will take sir please okay tell me uh she sabarishwaran 18th I'm having class 12 marathon so that time I will be discussing class 12th chapter that is second chapter electrochemistry I will be discussing in 18th marathon today is for only class 11 okay don't worry I will come with so many questions we will do it fine so polyalent functional group from basic level of chemistry what we know polyalent means more than one valance side ether polyalent functional group caroxilic acid can I call it as polyalent functional group no ether it is having more than one site right so one valency site in the same way now tell me what are the examples we can tell etherio ether Ketone.
Esther after esester secondary amine tertiary amine. Primary amine is not polyalent functional group. Yes I I written ketone not the legendary abiser.
So primary primary amine we can't able to write. So secondary amine, tertiary amine everything we can able to write.
Then next one what is the example we can write?
Yes very simple. Let me give one example so that we will get clarity 1 two this side what I'm having yes this is one compound other compound don't mistake me that is bond line next compound let me write like this tell me these two are metamas are not total how How many carbon is there? 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5. Same carbon atom, same molecular formula but different arrangement of alkal group or group or atom. Not only it should be alkal group.
In general I written different arrangement of group or atom. So here this is three carbon chain. This side two carbon chain but here two carbon chain but what is this three carbon branch? So it is different. This is called as metame medicine.
Why and kosh? What happened? Why you can't able to see the screen? Others you guys can able to see the screen right?
Yes. Done. Now in the same way next very important topic what is to meism?
Understand from this I'm expecting question for NE 2026. Now I will give some questions. I will ask whether to tarism is possible or not. Okay. Next is ttoarism. What is the ttoism criteria?
Remember ttoism is basically intramolecular H+ transfer.
Intramolecular H+ transfer that is within the molecule.
Intramolecular not intermolecular. What is intramolecular? Means between two different thing. Intramolecular means within the thing. So intramolecular within the molecule there will be transfer of H+. But listen carefully what is the necessary condition means there should be a presence of sp3 carbon compulsory criteria. At the same time in the respective in that particular molecule there should be a presence of alpha hydrogen. Both criterias are very very important. There should be a presence of sp3 hybridized carbon. Not only that is the criteria, there also should be a presence of alpha hydrogen.
So sp3 carbon and then alpha hydrogen.
How the intramolecular H+ transfer will happen. Sir, can you show us one example? Let me show CH3 C double bond O CH3. Now what will happen from this one hydrogen will go here. double bond will come here. So what will be the structure? Resultant structure O double bond CH2 it is clear. So keto enol to why it is called as enol double bond is there alcohol group is there. So enol remember intramolecular H+ transfer automatically carbon should be sp3 carbon should be there. Not only sp3 carbon alpha hydrogen also should be there. Remember these are all the criteria for ttoarism.
It is clear. Next one more thing when it comes to position and chain isomeism there is one shortcut. My existing students know that very well but still now once again I want to tell that shortcut.
What is the shortcut?
It is basically XY rule. It is basically XY rule.
XY if X and Y value comes out to be same then it is position isomer.
If XY value comes out to be different then it is called as chain isomer. What X represents? What Y represents? X represents number of carbon parent chain. PC means not pol is constable.
Number of carbon in parent chain. But remember when it comes to Y, Y represents number of substituents starting with the carbon. Number of substituent.
Starting with carbon. So very simple here. What is the X value? Number of carbon in the parent chain. Four. What is the Y value? No substituent zero. Here number of carbon in the parent chain three. How many substituents starting with the carbon?
This is methile starting with the carbon one. Value comes out to be different. So chain isomer. If suppose number of carbon in the parent chain 1 2 3 4.
Number of substituent starting with carbon. This is starting with oxygen. So zero. Here number of carbon in the parent chain four. Number of substituent starting with carbon substituent starting with oxygen. So it is not carbon zero value comes out to be thin.
So it is position isomer.
This also you guys need to do.
Sir just to give brief of hybridization for memory booster in organic chemistry right whether it is organic or inorganic but coordination complex is different.
So number of bond pair plus lone pair.
Double bond, triple bond, single bond everything is considered as one bond pair only. So please do remember this is very very important. If I am giving you a compound it is having three triple bond then it is called as three bond pair only not as nion bond pair. One triple bond is considered as one bond pair. So three triple bond means three bond pair. If I'm giving you one molecule one double bond one triple bond is there then automatically it is called as two bond pair.
Sir XY always valid. Yes, exactly. But my sgest this is a shortcut. If molecule is very confusing for us in the exam, then we can use this. But that much confusion and all they may ask it only at once. So neat will be very easy. If chemistry if they are asking very tough then what about physics? What about biology? This side 50% syllabus is there in the name of biology. This side very tough subject physics is there. So chemistry will be very easy. My dear students don't worry. Always keep this positive attitude. So metamameism ttoarism. Next it is clear anybody is having any doubts in this four isomearism. Next quickly I need to move into very important isomeism stereoisomeism. Quick quick make a note.
Now the next isomeism is functional group isomeism. The next isomeism is functional isomeism.
Next isomeary sum is functional isome sum.
When it comes to functional isomeary sum, what is the criteria? The same molecular formula. Nothing will be different. My dear students, the same thing only. What will be there? Same molecular formula.
Same molecular formula. But we will be having different functional group. Same molecular formula, different functional group. So you guys can remember like this what are the two functional group will come as functional isomer. Remember alcohol and ether better I will write like this alcohol and ether both are functional isomers.
In the same way alihide and then ketone both are functional isomers.
acid and then esester both are functional isomers.
Primary, secondary, tertiary amine. All these three are functional isomers.
Please do remember my dear students.
Don't do any mistake. Primary, secondary and tertiary amine will come as a functional isomer. Don't forget this is very very important.
Okay. Yes. Primary, secondary, tertiary amine will come as a functional isomeary sum. Next we will be having dine will also come as a functional isomeary sum. Next RCN that is cyanide and then isocyanide will also come as a functional isomeism.
Next what is the next isomeism? We are having ring chain isome.
Ring chain isomearisum.
What is the criteria of ring chain? One should be in ring. Another one should be in cyclic. That's it. Ring. One should be in ring. One should be in chain.
Same molecular formula.
One is chain other is ring. Very best example what we can tell alken and cyclalkan.
Alkine and then cyclalkane.
In general I am writing what is the name of this propene and then cyclopropane propene and then cyclopropane. So these are all the structural isomeism we are having in our syllabus. Now shall we do one question based on the structural isomeism before moving into stereo isomeism. So when it comes to isomeism the first part is we are having structural isomeism. What are the structural isomeism? Chain isomeism, same molecular formula, different parent chain. Then position isomeism, same molecular formula, different position of substituents or functional group, double bond, triple bond. Use the XY rule. X represents same. If XY value comes out to be same position isomer, XY value comes out to be different then it is chain isomeism. X value represents number of carbon in parent chain. Y value represents number of substituents starting with carbon atom. Metamarism.
Metamorism is nothing but different arrangement of alkal group around polyalent functional group. Here you can see different arrangement is there. In the same way toism intramolecular H+ transfer carbon sp3 alpha hydrogen it should be the compulsory criteria sir in special suffix 2 after carbaltihide after carbalihide what happened ma now she is asking so let me check and come special suffix two after caraldihide it is comes as O only alcohol V. Okay. My handwriting very sorry. Alcohol will come as O only. No change in that. W alcohol. W.
Okay.
Now fine.
Now based on the structural isomeism.
Shall we do one question? Only one question. Yes. Try to tell the answer.
So if few people can able to tell that answer even we are having very high clarity on the things. Yes only one question very simple question because now we discussed you know think and let me know the answer correct statement alcohol oil.
Yes. Quick, what is the relation they are asking?
Quick, ketone will not come. Ketone will not come. Nothing is there for ketone. So only I just avoided that.
Yes. Quick. Let me know answer for this question. Let me check how many of you can able to tell the answer.
Yes.
Uh see this malikarity W.
Okay. I think quot key that instead of A I think he pressed W. Okay. Okay. Fine.
So what is the correct answer? No confusions. Right. So option A is the correct answer. Option A is the correct answer. Why exactly 1 and four? Students will get confused with one and four. But what is the thing? We will be having different molecular formula right CH2 CL molecular formula will be different. So please do remember that ring chain isomeism means you guys can think like alken and then cyloalkan.
Sir are you Alu Arjun friend? If I am al friend why I am going to stand stand here and I'm going to take class why you felt like that correct no if if Alu Arjun is my friend why I need to stand here why I need to take marathon classes and all clear fine so structural liome is very very important my dear students now next I'm moving into yes yes yes no this is the time to to stereoisome. Now shall we start? Now onwards whatever we are going to discuss that is very important ma. So please be listen carefully.
Okay. So listen carefully each and everything whatever going we are going to discuss now it's very important from here only confusion is starting from here only confusion. Some chapters will be having very high confusion. Those one of the chapter is this one stereoisome.
Now let me take fresh pitch. When it comes to stereoisome okay before that let me complete this calculation number of structural isomers they will ask right. So let me give that idea also. How to calculate number of structural isomers?
This also in exam question paper setter may ask how to calculate number of structural isomers when it comes to struct when it comes to structural isome how many numbers are possible if we are dealing with alkan.
So when it comes to alkane easily we can able to remember the formula methane.
Next. Ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptine, C8, H18, Octane, noninine, decain. So, how many structural isomers?
How many structural isomers? No need to waste time by drawing and all. Those things are not at all required my dear students. No need to draw the things. We can easily able to tell the answer alkan and then number of structural isomers.
If methane how many structural I will remember like a phone number 1 2 3 5 1 2 3 5 9 18 35 75 directly you guys can remember like this like a phone number so many phone numbers we will remember correct no because I'm from north and you are from south and aljun is a south so I just said okay Okay.
And then okay fine. Now shall we continue? So alken these are all alken. These are the number of structural isomers possible.
When it comes to these number of structural isomer just remember the formula. If suppose question paper setter ask for alken. When it comes to alken, how it is possible for us to find out number of structural isomers? This is for alkan. This is for alkan. If they ask for alken, then what we can do is C4 H8 CN H2N. It is alken, right? The first question solving approaches.
Hey yes he came. Yeah sure. C4 H8. What is the general formula? CN H2N. Now understand one thing. First step we need to calculate degree of unsaturation. What is the formula? Number of carbon + 1 plus.
So we will be having let me write like this plus N - X - H by 2. So automatically in this what we are having four carbon 4 + 1 5 nitrogen is not there hogen is not there only hydrogen - 8 by 2. So 5 - 4 that is 1. Degree of unsaturation one means indirectly what they are telling 1 double bond will be there or one ring will be there. Degree of unsaturation talks about how many moles of hydrogen required to break a pi bond or to open a ring. Once again I'm repeating degree of unsaturation talks about how many moles of hydrogen required how many moles of hydrogen required to break a double bond or to open a ring. It is clear.
Yes. Saga wish you a very happy birthday.
All the very best. I definitely by God grace you will be cracking neat examination this year. So degree of unsaturation is one double bond or one ring. One double bond or one ring means how it is possible for me to draw this structure. First let me draw for the ring. What are the things possible?
This is one ring. Cyclloate.
Then this is also one ring. Other than this any ring possible to draw. It is not at all possible to draw one ring with this molecular formula. Next double bond T4 H8 1 2 3 4. Here I can put double bond.
Next possibility here. Another possibility here. If I put in this last these two will be the same structure. So this is not possible. So this is not possible. What is the other structure?
Any other structure is possible? Any other structure is possible my dear students? Yes. What we can do?
It is possible for me to draw like this.
So automatically total how many structural isomers are possible? Five structural isomers are possible for C4 H8 five structural isomers are possible.
It is clear. So this is all about structural isomearism.
Remember when it comes to structural isomeism, chain position, metamarism, tatarism, functional ring chain with the help of definition only we can able to solve. If question paper setters asking you guys to calculate number of structural isomers. If they are dealing with alkan then you can remember this tabler column. If they talk about alken then what is the question solving approach? We need to find out degree of unsaturation. What is degree of unsaturation? number of moles of hydrogen required to break a pi bond or to open a ring. So automatically degree of unsaturation one means we will be having one pi bond or one ring will be there. So automatically this will be the structure it is clear then anybody is having any doubts here anybody is having any doubts my dear students no doubt now I'm moving into please do make a note now I'm moving into stereo isomearism quickly now I'm going to tell this optical isomeism mirror image everything in a very very simple way please do make a note of it hereafter no confusion should be there after my class when we are going for lunch break organic chemistry G should not be a confusion in 11th class.
Done.
Next we are going to continue with stereoisomeism.
Stereoisomeism.
When it comes to stereoisome what exactly why stereoisome we are having? It will be having same sequence of bond.
Same sequence of bond.
It will be having same constituents.
Same constituents.
Constituents constitution. But what will happen? Where difference will be there?
Difference in relative position of atom or group. Difference in relative position. A difference in relative position of difference in relative position of atom or group in what in space in three-dimensional geometry in mathematics xyz.
Now what are the types of stereoisomeism we are having?
Yeah. Actually I'm not supposed to talk in any other language other than English. That is why otherwise definitely I would have spoke. No definitely before finishing this marathon definitely I will talk otherwise at the end of the class I will talk. Okay don't so difference in relative position of atom or group in size. Now other students will ask sir can you then talk in Tamil then you can talk in malayalam then you can talk in Telugu. I know actually five to six language definitely at the end of the class I will tell thank you in all the language.
So when it comes to type of stereoisomeism we need to be very very careful when it comes to type we are having two types. What are the two things?
One is geometrical another one is optical. One is geometrical isomeism. Another one is optical isomeism. When it comes to geometrical isomeism, my dear students, what are the things we are having in geometrical isomeism? We will be having trans easy, right? So, first thing, let me take different color. When it comes to geometrical isomeism, we are having two things.
One is trans isomeism, another one is easy.
Everyone knows and then easy is right. What is the criteria will be there? Why geometrical isome arises?
We are getting geometrical isome. The reason is main reason is due to restricted rotation.
Due to restricted rotation geometrical isomeism is possible. Where exactly restricted rotation will be there?
In double bonds and ring. If double bond and ring is there, it is not possible for us to rotate the molecule. So wherever we are having double bond and then ring automatically geometrical isomeism is possible. Next thing what is the very very important thing? Restricted site where double bond or ring is there restricted site must have different groups. This is compulsory criteria my dear students.
Restricted site must have different group. For example, s give us one example then we can able to understand.
I will give understand carefully. C double bond C.
X Y X Y sis trans is possible or not?
Very simple.
Sir, I completed organic from one shot.
Now I am confused. Yes. Why everyone is having this confusion means because lack of gap? Today in today class what I am doing? If you look at my UPSC nomenclature completely I covered all the gaps where exactly students will get confused. That is what my top priority in today class. Okay. In the same way please do follow I will give 100% clarity on optical isomeism everything.
Okay. Now here GI is possible or not.
Exactly. Here what we are having double bond. So if double bond is there automatically what is there? Restricted rotation. Because of this restricted rotation what is happening? This carbon is attached to two groups. These two groups are different or same. These two groups are different. The groups attached to this carbon atom is different or not different. So GI is possible. Understand one thing. Many of my in my offline batch no many students started comparing in this way like this we should not compare my dear students groups attached to one carbon atom we need to consider group keto will not come will not come so don't worry so automatically these two groups attached to this carbon atom the group attached to this carbon An atom should be different. It is clear. Hi Ban. Hi.
You are Miss Sukriti. Hi.
Okay. Slowly students are coming.
Hey buen from your name only we can able to see know yeah you are ben. So remember the group attached to this one carbon atom should be different. It is clear then so automatically gi is possible. Don't compare in this way. It is very very important.
Clear? Now geometrical isomeism. As I told what we are having cyr at the same time easy. When it comes to cyr and then easy. What is the thing? Similar group on same side. Similar group on opposite side. When it comes to sis trans remember similar group will present on same side then it is called as sis.
If similar group present on opposite side then it is called as when it comes to easy.
Hey mangjit why this much high why this much highi hi sir sir s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s sir s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s sir. So it's not only for mjit for everyone I'm telling. So please do remember when it comes to my class when it comes to chemistry priti sir even though I'm teaching all very important concept if I'm not responding to your comment also definitely I will comment when I'm looking into the chat box so don't worry definitely I will reply for each and every students that is the reason when I'm teaching this concept also some students are asking doubt from upsc I'm I'm clarifying why I'm standing here why I'm taking marathon am I going to write exam no so don't worry my dear students Let's put only one time message that is fine.
Okay. So similar group on the same side means similar group on opposite side. If similar groups are present in the opposite side then it is trans. Sir what about 26 lakh registration? Hey shall I tell one thing when it comes to number of registration in the examination.
Think and tell me do you guys think all the 26 lakh registration will be serious aspirant?
No definitely not definitely not why means majority of the students know in 12th class they can't able to focus it is not their mistake because of the school where they are studying they will be focusing on only boats boats boats so no time to prepare automatically what will happen they can't able to prepare well so they will not come under the serious aspirants when it comes to dropper in 50% in our Indian family 50% of the home parents are not allowing to take drop right now they are telling you go join some college parallelly you read so that time also some of the aspirants will go if randomly you take no from this 26 lakh registration serious aspirant if you take they will be maybe around 80,000 or 90,000 honestly speaking so don't think about the number you prepare well whatever the question paper comes in front of you you score try to score out of out that's See Mjit by sir by Mjit.
Okay. So please do take a note in between I will be solving question. So try to do that. Similar group are on the same side. Similar group are on the opposite side trans. When it comes to easy nomenclature what we need to do when we will use easy nomature if cis trans is not possible. Suppose two similar groups are there means we can able to tell same side opposite side trans if three different groups are there then automatically it will be right. So whenever trans is not possible we will be using easy according to easy what we will do we will be follow CIP rule kahen in gold prolong rule we will be using CIP rule to solve this easy based question. Now when it comes to easy type of question, what is the CIP rule? Very simple. We will be using atomic number we will be following atomic number. The first atom the first atom atomic number. If atomic number is more that will get the high priority. If atomic number is if the if the first atom is same if the first atom is same then what we need to consider?
We need to look into the second atom. If second atom is also same, then third atom. If double bond, triple bond, multiple bond is present. Remember triple bond will have greater priority than double bond. Double bond will have greater priority than single bond. Or else we can able to draw ghost structure also.
Right? It is clear. So this trans isomeism and then e both are very very easy. My dear students, it is clear. Now I will give one question. Tell me it will come under easy or what?
Let me take one simple question.
C double bond C Br3 Br3.
Let me take NH2. Tell me this is E R C.
Tell me this is E R C. In the same way C double bond C L H C L H Tell me in the same way this is sis or tell me my dear students he up yeah sir I was in himal board they never thought degree of unsaturation and other stuff at have just thought a basic thing. So we never developed a conceptual clarity but you are giving good concept. Thank you so much ma'am.
So make use of the things that's it.
Yes calculate this one it is E or Z this one it is sis or sir could you please summarize it? Yeah sure sure sure I will give the summary don't worry how structural isomeism are given in the same way stereo isomeism also I will give yes very simple now as I told if similar group are on the same side similar group are on the same side then it is restricted rotation restricted rotation is there group attached to one carbon atom is different group attached to one carbon atom is different but here two similar group is there? No. Then restricted rotation is there but similar group is not there. Then we need to apply easy. What is the first atom here?
Brine more atomic number than chlorine. So this will get high priority. Carbon nitrogen. Which one will get high priority? Nitrogen. So opposite opposite trans means E. E is nothing but trans. Z is nothing but this. You guys can remember like this. E is nothing but trans. Z is nothing but sis. It is clear geometrical isomeism. Anybody is having any doubts in geometrical isomeism? How to do cy trans? It is very easy my dear students. Sy trans isome.
Now I'm going to tell you how to calculate number of geometrical isome.
I'm going to tell you guys how to calculate number of geometrical isome.
Calculation of number of geometrical isomearism.
Very very simple method.
If the given molecule is unsymmetrical, If the given molecule is unsymmetrical, then what is the formula?
2^ n. What does n represent? Means number of double bond exhibit gi. N represents number of double bond exhibit GI. If suppose the molecule is symmetrical 1 then what is the formula?
2^ nus1 + 2^ p minus1.
P value will be equal to n by 2. If n is even p value will be equal to n + 1 by 2 when n is equal to r. It is clear. So this is very very important. It is very very important.
Twiny sir we miss you.
I am only there. Why you are getting confused? Don't worry. So this is very important. So symmetrical means this is the formula just mathematics.
Now automatically we can we can able to tell will you guys calculate and tell me how many GI is possible for the given compound.
Let me give one compound CH3 CH double bond CH 4 * DH3. So this is the given molecule my dear students. Now what I want you guys to calculate means please do calculate and let me know how many GIS are possible calculate number of GI quick calculate and tell me let me start the poll this is integer type question yes calculate number of A yes. Yes. Malikar.
Yes. Correct. Nancy.
Quick. My dear students.
Why? E is the answer. Malikarjun. I told correct one only. Wait wait wait students he's getting confused. Yeah E is the answer opposite side E only E or Z like that I written as a option E only is the answer.
Yes this question this question integer type number of geometrical isomers possible for this particular compound.
is a number of GI possible for that particular compound.
Yes.
Okay. Nancy.
Yes. Everyone is getting 10. How to calculate this? Let me check.
First molecule is symmetrical or not?
Even number pi bonds are there. It is symmetrical. So symmetrical. How many double bond exhibit GI? Four. Right?
Why? If I expand this and write automatically this carbon is attached to hydrogen CH3. Definitely different groups will be there. So N value is four. Let me extend once again. Some students will be getting confused. CH3 CH double bond CH once again we will be having CH double bond CH CH double bond CH E H double bond CH then we will be having DH3 three. So four is there my dear students. This is one 2 3 and then four.
Right? So number of GI carbon attached to hydrogen CH3 different group. This carbon is attached to two different group. This carbon attached to two different group different groups. So how many is there actually number of GI center N value is four. So molecule is symmetrical that means 2^ 4 - 1 + 2^ p value n is what even so p value is n by 2 that is 2. So 2^ 2 - 1 so 2^ 3 + 2 2^ 3 is 8. So 8 + 2 value comes out to be 10. 10 is the correct answer. So what is the correct answer? 10 is the correct answer. It is clear how to calculate GI.
Yes. Priority group same then it is sis.
Sis means no sir. Exactly.
Oh my god. Malikar Jun I understood.
What is your confusion?
Which one we need to compare? This is the double bonded center, right? Carbon double bond carbon.
We need to compare. We should not compare like this. Carbon attached.
Different group attached to one carbon atom. These two group are attached to one carbon atom. We need to compare these two. These two groups are attached to one carbon atom. We need to compare these two. Then we need to write. It is clear.
We should not compare these two. These two are different group attached to different carbon atom. Group attached to one carbon atom. Those group only we need to compare. I hope now you would have got clarity. It is clear my dear students. So this is all about geometrical isomeism before moving into optical isomeism. I'm going to give so many formulas miso compound formula everything if no need to imagine my dear students because even I am having very poor imagination. But how I can able to score marks in chemistry means by remembering all these different different way of solving question. So I'm just going to give you the approach in optical isomeism with the help of that you guys can able to solve it is clear. So once again when it comes to GI stereoisomeism stereoisomeism means geometrical and then optical. When it comes to sir I think spammers have arrived. Hey, where the spammers?
No one is a spammer.
Okay, so listen carefully. When it comes to stereoism, we are having geometrical optical. Geometrical means when we are having restricted rotation group attached to one carbon atom should be different. Remember trans similar group on same side similar group on opposite side trans. So the same way CIP rule we need to follow for easy when easy is possible. If cistrance is not applicable then we need to follow easy method. In easy method group attached to one carbon atom automatically we need to compare which is having I priority. If I priority group are on the opposite side trans. Trans means E. This means C. How to calculate number of GI? When it comes to number of GI we need to look whether the molecule is symmetrical or unsymmetrical. When it comes to unymmetrical just use the formula 2^ N.
N represents number of double bond exhibit GI. Symmetrical means use the formula 2^ n minus 1 + 2^ p minus 1 automatically we can able to solve it is clear anybody is having any doubts no doubts now the next thing is optical isomeism the next thing I'm moving into optical isomeism this is very very important my dear students when it comes to optical isomeism listen carefully next thing I'm moving into optic ical isomeism.
Let me give all the formulas in a very precise way. Okay, no need to worry.
Optical isomeism.
When it comes to optical isomeism, the first thing what my dear students tell me.
Yes.
When it comes to optical isomeism.
Yes.
What is the thing? The basic polar meter experiment. The basic.
Okay. So, optical isomeism. When it comes to optical isomeism, first we will be taking ordinary light. When we are passing this ordinary light through nickel prism, it will get converted into plain polarized light. If I pass this plain polarized light through organic compound, two possibilities we can observe. This organic compound can able to rotate or it cannot able to rotate the plain polarized light. If plane polarized light do not rotate then the compound is optically inactive then the compound is optically inactive.
Remember the compound is optically inactive.
If the molecule can able to rotate, if plain polarized light is rotated, two things are possible.
Plain polarized light got rotated clockwise or anticlockwise.
If plain polarized light rotate in a clockwise direction then it is called as dextro then it is called as dextro or small d.
If it rotates in anticlockwise direction then it is called as leo small l. This small d small l is purely experimental data. Remember this small d small l is purely experimental data. Please do keep this in mind. It is purely a experimental data that is very very important. Dextro and then leo.
Now what is the relationship between optical rotation and specific rotation?
That is also you guys need to understand some question will come in the examination.
Optical rotation and specific rotation. What is the formula?
Alpha is equal to TA upon C into L.
Alpha is equal to TA upon C into L. What is TA? What is S?
Yes is nothing but specific rotation.
Theta is observed rotation.
Theta is observed rotation but alpha is specific rotation. With the help of this formula we can able to solve the question.
It is clear.
Done.
It is clear. Now the next thing what we need to know in plane of symmetry center of symmetry when it comes to optical isomeism remember one thing this is also important optical rotation and specific rotation.
I hope everyone remember just like introduction I will give what is plane of symmetry? What is center of symmetry?
POS means along the plane if we cut we will be getting two equal halves.
If suppose if I cut this alphabet like this I will be getting two equal halves. So plane of symmetry is there here if I cut like this I will be getting two equal halves. No, POS is not there. In the same way, when it comes to center of symmetry, remember center of symmetry is possible only for even number ring. Center of symmetry is applicable only for even number ring.
Even number ring, how many is there? 1 2 3 4. Right? Let me keep like this. How to check? Suppose here H is there. Here methyl group is there. H is there me group is there from the center if I move upward I am meeting H. If I come downward I am meeting H. If I moving here I'm getting ME. If I come down I will be getting M. So CO is possible.
Remember center of symmetry is possible only for even number ring. Now the question will come when I need to check plane of symmetry when I need to check center of symmetry. Yes. So this is very very important conditions to exhibit optical isomeism.
What are the conditions?
Conditions to exhibit optical isomeism.
What are the conditions we are having?
Very simple my dear students. Remember if only one only one kyal carbon is present.
If only one kyal carbon is present then remember the molecule is always optically active.
If only one chyal center is present then the organic compound is always optically active. It is always optically active.
Now the question will come in a compound if two chyal carbon is present.
If two chyal carbon is present, if if two kyal carbon is present, how to solve? Now you guys need to check whether the given compound is asyclic or cyclic.
We need to check whether the given compound is asyclic or cyclic. Remember if it is a cyclic we can able to tell only with the help of POS.
If plane of symmetry is there optically active. If plane of symmetry is there sorry optically inactive. If plane of symmetry is there optically inactive. If plane of symmetry is not there given compound is optically active. When it comes to cyclic we need to check whether the given compound is having even number ring or odd number ring. We need to check whether odd number ring or even number ring. Just now I told odd number even number. PO is possible only in even number. So odd numbering means check only for POS. POS is not there optically active. If POS is there optically inactive compound but if even number is there we need to check both plane of symmetry as well as center of symmetry we need to check. Remember one thing my dear students if one is present also if suppose plane not symmetry is there center of symmetry is there compound is optically inactive. If pis is there cis is not there still optically inactive.
If pis is not there cis is there still optically inactive. If both are not there then only it is optically active.
It is clear s how to identify kyal carbon. What is kyal carbon? Anybody can tell me what is chyal carbon.
Sp3 hybridized carbon at the same time the sp3 hybridized carbon means it will be having four valency. All the four groups should be different sp3 hybridized carbon with a different groups. Suppose carbon is there poor valency. This is sp3 hybridized here I'm having a b all four groups are different then this is called as kyal carbon kyal carbon or kyal center anything we can able to tell it is clear yes four different group around a single carbon then it is said kyal carbon but remember it should be sp3 hybridized that terminology also important because sometime question paper setter may throw a question based on hybridization also in statement type question clear so this is very very important as cyclic cyclic this is the criteria so now when if I'm giving you one compound if I'm asking imagine in exam they are giving one compound they're asking you whether it is possible to find out it is optically active or inactive then what we can do we can just use this method one kyal carbon means always optically active two kyal carbon means check it is a ring or it is a straight chain a cycle Click only check for POS. That's all. It is clear.
Anybody is having any doubts.
No doubts. Right now the next thing I'm going for RS configuration. That is very very important. Next I'm moving into RS configuration. Now why RS configuration you are teaching sir? Because now we need to discuss about yanumer diastster identical. to discuss all those things what is very very important we need to have complete knowledge on RS configuration only if we know RS we can able to do no sir what no sir you didn't understand means uh okay got clear I'm asking okay fine yes RS configuration in a very simple way I will teach my dear students don't worry RS configuration Different formulas will be there right? If suppose I am having fisher projection in a question paper if they are asking with fisher projection how I can able to do in fisher projection this is fisher projection right remember if less priority group is in the vertical position if less priority RT group is in the vertical position then no change then no changing answer if less priority group is in the horizontal position what we need to do change the answer what sir I didn't understand very simple in fisher projection if you take carefully In a fissure projection I'm giving you one molecule H P RH TH3 now give the priority how we will give RS nomenclature yes yes sure so how we can able to do it very simple follow the same CIP rule atomic number Which one will be having more atomic number? Bromine first priority. Next to bromine O two. Next to that carbon three. Last is hydrogen. Now in which direction it is rotating? In which direction it is rotating? 1 2 3.
That means anticlockwise direction.
Anticlockwise direction means what? We will be having yes configuration. But what is the thing? It is in horizontal position. Horizontal position means we need to change the answer. So it is not yes. What is the correct answer? Or that's all my dear students? It is clear. Everybody getting an idea. If the same thing comes in solid dash widget formula.
If the same thing comes in which dash formula these are all different different projection which are projection. Now if the same thing comes in wedge dash formula remember in a wedge dash formula carbon will be there in the same way I hope everyone know what will be the different between these two what is this is called as this is towards the observer if I'm looking this molecule means This one this is called as wedge. Wedge is coming towards observer. Dash is going away from the observer. Now once again what we need to check less priority group. If less priority group is in the dash no change in answer. If the less priority group is not in the dash. If less priority group is not present in the dash then what we need to do sorry that is dash. No if it is not in dash here here here or anywhere then we need to switch the answer. Then what we need to do we need to just switch the answer. It is clear. Yes, everybody getting an idea. Sir, I don't want to switch sir.
Give me any other way.
Sir, your trick. HCS, HVR, VCR, VAS.
So, one one class in one one way I will do. Now, if suppose students will tell, sir, I don't want to switch her then in what way I can use? I don't want to switch sir. In what way I can use? Very simple. Listen carefully. Let me give one. Carbon is there.
This is w and then dash right that is actually wedge and then dash. Now if you listen carefully I'm giving some compound understand this is having second priority this is having first priority I'm giving some random compounds there two is there one is there in the same way I am having I will write with the molecule then that will be correct now once again once again once again so the same thing let me take uh Br H Br then what we are having OH CH3 if this is the structure how I can able to do if I don't want to first let me give the numbering BR will get the high priority 1 2 3 4 so automatically 1 2 3 4 that is R R means what I will do I will write it as yes. I will write it as yes. Why?
Because less priority group is not in the dash position. Less priority group should be in the dash. It is not in dash. So I am changing the answer. If suppose I don't want to change what is the other method we can use equal exchanges. I need to do equal number of exchange. What is that sir?
New concept you are introducing equal number of exchange very simple this four I need to change with this position only right. So equal number of exchanges we can we need to do equal number of exchanges we need to do it is clear.
So where exactly fourth group is there like that we can able to change. All right. Now equal number of exchanges.
Let me explain like this.
Done. If it is like this initially for me the given structure uh let me keep 4 3 1 2. Now tell me less priority group is in the dash. No. So what I will do? I will exchange three and four that is one exchange equal number of exchange. Another exchange what I will do between this one and two I will exchange. So what will be the resultant structure? Here I will be getting three. Here I will be getting four. Here I will be getting two. But here I will be getting one. Now equal number of exchanges happened or not. So this is also another method we can able to do. But my thing is instead of doing this equal number of exchange all those headache you guys can go in this way. Very simple just swap the answer. So when it comes to file projection less priority group should be in the vertical position. If not change the answer. If it is in sorry yeah it should be in the vertical position. If not change the answer in the same way less priority group should be in the dash or else change the answer. It is clear everybody's clear with RS nomenclature.
Subarish please repeat sir. Yeah sure.
If whenever we are having fisher projection what is the best thing? Look for the less priority group. If it is in the vertical position no need to swap the answer. If the less priority group is in horizontal position then swap the answer. If in wedge dash formula if less priority group is in the dash no need to change the answer. If it is not there then we need to swap the answer. I don't like this swapping s I will do professionally then do equal number of exchanges. When we are doing equal number of exchanges less priority group should occupy this dash position.
Anything you guys can follow but I will be following this swapping method. It is clear.
Now as I promised why exactly we studied this R&Ds all those headache why we need to study this then only we can able to understand this yanan shumer diastomomas all those things.
Hello Shini.
Yes clear now shall we start? Is everyone is ready? Now we know how to do R&Ds nomenclature. So now how to compare the relation between two compounds. This is very very important. This one page whatever I'm going to write is very important my dear students. So listen carefully. Okay. So in exam this only they will ask they will give some random compounds. They will ask between these two compounds what is the relation. So based on this we can able to do relation between compounds.
What is the relation between compounds?
If we are having professional yeah professional is not required marks are very important my dear students. So relation between compounds. So what is the relation between compound? Remember first thing when only one only one kyal center is present when only one kyal center is present blindly do r and nomenclature r and yes nom clature if r comes out to be r if I'm comparing two compounds both are r or both are yes then it is called as identical.
If suppose in one compound I am having R in another compound I am getting S or in one compound I'm getting S in another compound I am getting R then it is called as enanchiomas then it is called as enanchiomas. What is enanti? Non-super imposable mirror image nons super imposable mirror images this is exactly called as sir physical chemistry when now I mean isism after this goc hydrocarbon is very easy so once we finish that after lunch break we will start physical chemistry so my target is 3:00 up to 3:00 organic chemistry after that break after to that physical chemistry up to the organic chemistry. So non-s superimposable mirror image when only one kyal center is present when two kyal centers are present then how to do when two kyal centers are present in a given compound the question papers set asking whether it is identical yanomer or diastster remember my dear students two kyal centers are there right So listen carefully. If same configuration is there I think I will write there then you people will get the clarity because this notes will be really helpful for you guys.
When two kyal center is present when two kyal center is present.
Understand if we are getting same configuration.
If we are getting same configuration then it is identical. If we are getting same configuration then it is identical.
If suppose in one compound I am getting R. Yes I am having in other compound I am getting SR completely is there. This is one compound that is another compound. If suppose in another compound I am getting first compound is having SR in second compound I am getting RS in first compound I am having R R in second compound I am having S yes S yes or else in first compound I am having S yess configuration in second compound I am having R R if these possibilities are there then it is enanchomous then it Yani sir, what about diastster sir? That is only confusing me. Yes.
Yes.
So when it comes to diaststeromas, when it comes to diaststeromas remember changing configuration only at one kyal center if suppose in the first compound I'm having RS in the second compound what I will be having not SR one kyal center will be same in another kyal center only there will be change in configuration if suppose I am having SR in one kyal center there will be change of configuration in other kyal center I will be having same configuration if suppose I'm having RR what will happen in one kyal center the same configuration in only one kyal center there will be change of configuration in the Same way yes I'm having in one kyal center there will be change of configuration in other kyal center I will be having the same thing you people are getting the idea then it is called as diaststeromas where get this note sir in PW English need PW English WhatsApp channel once this class get over we will share the WhatsApp notes and then it is clear so this is very very important this is very very important. So if we know the simple thing no need of any confusion easily we can able to tell when only one kyal center is there or when two kyal center is there. What is the thing? When it will be identical based on rns nomenclature when it will be an enantr based on rsn nomenclature when two kyal centers are there. How it is possible to find out anansomer based on rs nomenclature. How to find out whether it is diastr based on rs nomenclature. when it will be identical if same configuration is there it is clear or not tell me my dear students honestly it is clear or not tell me that's why I'm not blindly solving question if you people know this concept even in my absence you guys can able to solve the question it is not that much difficult yes am I right or So sir no change identical one change diastomer both change enanchi. Yes exactly no change identical only one change diastome both change if two kyal center is there.
Yes, malikar clear sir. Clear sir explain again diastster nothing in first compound let me use like this. This is one compound given in the paper. This is another compound. Question paper set is asking between these two compounds both are having two kyal center. What will be the diastomer or nanomer? What I will do in the first compound rs I'm having in the second compound I'm having rr configuration that means both same only one kyal center there is a change then it is diastr.
It's very simple.
Vay Ahmed good afternoon dear sir very good afternoon V it is clear everybody getting the point that's all my dear students as simple as that it is clear then anybody's having any doubts no doubts right now apart from this what is very important now yan dias this confusion is very much clear for us now what is the other thing it will be creating problem for Yes.
What is the next thing my dear students?
They will ask us to calculate calculation of optical isomeism right they will ask us to calculate number of optical isomers. So simply I'm just going to give one formula. You guys can able to do it.
Done. Okay. Now let me give how to calculate number of optical isomers.
Listen carefully. This is very important. With this isomeism is getting completed.
Calculation of optical isomeism.
Very simple when it comes to calculation of optical isomeism.
Understand one thing we need to check the same thing. Molecule is unymmetrical or molecule is symmetrical. unymmetrical or molecule is symmetrical.
If the molecule is unsymmetrical, then we will use the formula 2 power n. We will use the formula 2 power n. So remember one thing my dear students very very important. What is n represents? N represents number of kyal center.
N represents number of kyal center. So automatically we can able to tell the answer. Now what is the recemic mixture formula?
Recemic mixture formula is nothing but optically active divided by two. Remic mixture is nothing but optically active compound divided by two. What is this n represents? Number of kyal centers means it is basically optically active. Let me give one example. You guys can able to tell CO H2O H for this exactly. What will be the number of kyal center for this compound? How many number of kyal centers are there?
Yes, Vicki.
Good afternoon.
Good afternoon.
>> Yes. Yes. Yes. I will give an idea.
Confirmation ism is very easy. No.
Yes. It is not complicated like optical geometrical.
Yes. Still CHO CH is CH2O H. How many kyal centers are there? If you look at this structure, we will be having this three kyal centers we will be having. So automatically 2^ 3 is equal to 8. How many optical isomers are possible?
Optical isomers are eight optical isomers are possible. Eight optical isomers are possible. It is clear right?
Then if suppose molecule is unsymmetrical then what is the formula we need to use?
Sorry if the molecule is symmetrical.
Remember n will be odd or n will be even. Two possibilities are there when it comes to symmetrical. If n value is even then what is the formula? N value is even means I will be using 2^ nus1 upon 2^ nx 2 -1 2^ n - 1 + 2^ nx 2 - 1 this is total optical isomers remember one thing here whatever the value we are getting all are optically active but here understand one thing this component is optically active component this 2^ n minus one is opticical ally active but the balance 2^ nus 2 nx 2 - 1 this represents miso compound. So what is recemic mixture formula? Recemic mixture is nothing but optically active upon two. When this is possible this will give total optical isomer in that we will be having optically active compound also in that we will be having miso compound also. In the same way if n value is odd then what is the formula we'll be using?
Remember total optically total optical isomers are 2^ nus1 2^ n -1 miso compound what is the formula is 2^ n -1 by 2^ n -1 whole x2 that is not looking like one so let me write like this whole by 2 this is miso compound formula if I want to find out optically active active compound what I can do optical isomer minus miso compound if I subtract these two automatically I will be getting optically active so we can able to get the answer it is clear everybody getting an idea my dear students what is the formula how exactly I'm using because don't take the question paper setter lightly so this is the formula if n value is odd so In the same way this is the formula if n value is even they they won't even ask they it's not necessary they will ask only calculate total optical isomer they may ask recemic mixture also they may ask miso compounds also when n is equal to r they may ask us to calculate miso compound total optical isomer optically active anything the question paper set may ask so with the help of this simple formula we can able to solve Uh now I will give ID on reimic mixture.
Now before that I will give one question. Try to tell me the answer.
Okay. I want you guys to calculate everything in that question. It is clear right.
Done. Now the same question I will take.
THO CHO HO for this compound for this compound calculate total optical isomer total optically active compound total miso compound as well as reimmic mixture. My dear students quick solve and let me know the answer.
Yes, let me give some time. You people want to see this formula. So, let me give 2 minutes time.
Quick solve and let me know the answer for all the things. Quick, quick, quick.
Yes.
Solve and let me know the answer.
Very well.
Yes. Yes. Yes.
Last 50 seconds.
Yes, everybody like this only the question paper may frame question apart from this even papa they will Sir what a expansion is optical is oh my god is optical isomer wi it is nothing but optical isomeism my dear students okay not optically inactive optically inactive how I'm writing w i a that is the difference I'm showing okay so what will be the total optical is this is for symmetrical or unymmetrical this is symmetrical when it comes to symmetrical n value is odd Yeah, n is equal to 3. N value is R. So what is the value? 2^ 3 - 1. So 4. Next one. How many optical active in this? First for that I need to find out miso. So 2^ 3 - 1 by 2 that is 2^ 1 is equal to 2. Optically active 4 minus 2 automatically I will be getting two. What will be the recemic mixture?
Remic mixture will be optically active by 2 that is 2x2 1 42 1 everybody got the answer 421 yes malikarjun very good zoranica total isome four very good miso 2 very good okay okay it is clear everyone is fine now you people are getting the confidence in the exam they may ask how many miso compound is possible or what take the mirror Imagine rotate the molecule. Why we are having only 30 seconds already we need to put all our efforts in physics and then here this side 50% biology is there. So the very simple thing what we can able to do is yes that's all it is clear anybody is having any doubts no doubts right it is clear we move further is everyone is ready so this is all about calculation of optical isomeary sum. So please do remember this is very very important. If n is odd, if n is even, how we can be able to do. Now suppose now when it comes to stereo isomeism, now tell me my dear students, I will ask spoken.
Okay. Now tell me UPS is done and tested along with question. When it comes to isomeism, structural isomeism, it's clear. Yes, we completed. How to calculate number of structural isomeism?
It's done and tested. When it comes to stereo isomeism geometrical in geometrical system easy how to calculate number of GI yes we did it now optical isomeism RS nomenclature if they give two compounds how to do easy how to not easy how to find out an diome are identical how to calculate number of optical isomers everything is done and now one thing is pending what is the other question paper setter may ask think calculation of stereoisone Now they will check whether as a student we can able to calculate both number of geometrical as well as optical. This particularly every question paper setter will check. So for that also whatever question paper setter setting we can able to calculate calculation of number of stereo isomers. So here what we need to do we need to include geometrical as well here only. Now I know majority of the students whoever seeing this lecture I am feeling now only you would have got clarity how to calculate miso compound how to calculate receivic mixture or not tell me the truth. So this is very important my dear students in a very simple way we can able to score marks in chemistry no need to bother that much.
Yes. So calculation of number of stereo isomers what is the formula we can use sir explain how to substituting formula.
Hey that is mathematics dama that is not even chemistry know listen carefully number of kyal center what I'm getting value three now just mathematical substitution we can able to do you will get the answer nothing other than that nothing is complicated okay it's clear done now we are moving into calculate number of stereoisome stereoism means what geometrical isomeary sum plus optical isome sum both will be there. If the question paper setter ask how we can able to do not complicated formula very simple thing.
If molecule is if molecule is unymmetrical if the molecule is unsymmetrical total sub inspector it is not subinspector means stereo isomer. Okay, SI means what? Stereo isomer. Sir, NCERTT questions are important. Very good question. NCERTT intex questions are important. For example, 9.14.
So, in one chapter I was discussing in other batch that are all very good questions are there. It's important my dear student. It's important if possible after this marathon get over no by next week I will try to do only NCERTT based question as a separate video.
Unymmetrical. When it comes to unsymmetrical molecule, what is the formula to calculate total stereo isomer? It is nothing but two power n.
Now the question will come, what is n? N is nothing but stereogenic area.
N is nothing but stereogenic area. What is stereogenic area? Where geometrical isomeism is possible and then where kyal center is there. I think if I explain with the thing it will be very clear right n represents number of stereogenic area remember very simple when the molecule is unsymmetrical we are doing when the molecule is unsymmetrical let me take one example listen carefully understand the difference my dear students so only I'm taking these many example double bond CH H CH O H CH3 it is clear now if I'm asking you how many stereogenic centers are possible how many stereogenic centers are possible how many stereogenic centers are there suggest hi hi sug police station references the f yes tell me how How many stereogenic centers are possible? Center means here GI is possible. This is the kyal center. So stereogenic center means three. But if I want to take n value but what will be the n value? N value is two only. Whenever we are calculating stereogenic center means three but stereogenic area is only n. This is one area. This is one area. So n value is two. So what is the formula? Two power once again once again once again stereogenic area right I think two^ 3 only will come no correct only two square is equal to four four is the number of stereoisomes possible it is clear anybody is having any doubts anybody's having any doubts no doubts it is clear stereogenic center means all the things we need to conclude but when to when we need to substitute in the place of N. If I want to substitute in the place of N, what we need to think?
If I want to substitute in the place of N, we need to count number of stereogenic center. This is actually one GI center. So we need to calculate it as one only.
Clear? Now the question will come if molecule is unsymmetrical.
If suppose unymmetrical means that is the formula symmetrical here what question paper setter will check us sir how you got two tyal center one double bond this is one gi center right so two don't count separately one gi center where cyr isomeism is possible it is clear then yes now Here if it is symmetrical this is only very very important in exam point of view why I'm telling you people tell me here no need of any formula if suppose symmetrical compound they given they are asking us to calculate number of stereoisome means listen carefully this is very very important so what exactly we will be having symmetrical means that is no formula applicable.
Yes. Ah yeah. Uh who is that? Alive Ba.
Okay. If I pronounce your name very sorry ma'am sir stereogenic area nothing but kyal center. Ah this is kyal center.
It is a stereogenic area but I am talking for geometrical isomeism. When it comes to geometrical between these two carbon atom GI is possible I can't take it as 1 2 I can't take it as three n value comes out to be two only but stereogenic center means we can write it as three what you are telling is correct only don't get confused no this is not the formula there is no formula to calculate stereoisome no need to use any formula remember that okay so we will not use formula then how To calculate, let me give one molecule.
You guys tell me.
CH3 CHO CH double bond CH CH CH3 for this molecule.
Calculate number of stereoisome. My dear students, calculate number of stereoisomeism for this.
No problem sir. Okay.
Yes. Calculate number of stereoisomeism.
Sir, you told no formula but still you are asking us to calculate. Let me check conceptually you guys can able to solve or not. Conceptually whether we can able to solve or not.
Yes.
How to calculate number of stereo isomers? How it is possible for us to calculate?
Again I will do with the help of cy trans isomeism only. How I am doing? Listen carefully.
If this is R.
This is one kyal center. This is one kyal center. This is stereogenic center.
Geometrical isomeism center. Very sorry.
Now here if it is R this can be sis this can be R one possibility what is the other possibility if this is R that can be trans or it can be R one possibility or not these two are one possibility in the same way this can be yes this can be sis this can be yes or else this can be yes this can be trans Or that can be yes. Another possibility this can be R.
This this can be yes or this can be R.
This can be trans. This can be yes or else this can be yes. Sis this can be R.
Or else this can be yes.
Trans.
But if you look carefully my dear students this combination this combination is same in the same way this combination this combination is same only so I will count this as 1. So 1 2 3 4 this combination is 1 5 this combination is 1 6. So number of stereoisomeism is six possible number of stereoisomeism is six. Everybody getting an idea? Yes. Suranica. Fantastic.
Answer is six. Is everyone is clear?
So different combination. These two are team one combination. These two are one combination. 1 2 3 4 5 6. Number of SI is six. So remember whenever the question paper setter ask symmetrical one. Don't use the formula. Use this approach. We are not going to use any formula. If symmetrical is given, if the molecule is symmetrical, if it is unsymmetrical, automatically we can able to use this formula.
Yes. Anybody is having any doubts?
Yes. Done.
Clear. So this is all about isome. Apart from this nothing is there. All theory part only. When it comes to confirmational isomeism, don't get confused. Only stability matter. What is the stability? We will be having staggered gotchi. In staggered only we will be having anti and then goti then eclipsed. So staggered is more stable than eclipsed. So remember that basic thing butane thing that only they will ask other than that they won't ask anything. Sir one doubt. Yes ma'am please do ask me. So before starting go we will see this. Now based on isomeism will you guys solve some question?
Yes, complete isomeism.
Yes. What doubt ma'am? Let me drink water. Nearly for 3 hours I'm not even drinking water.
Yes. Tell me.
Yes.
Difference between EZ and RS configuration are both same.
Difference EZ is for what actually we are using? EZ is applicable only if for GI RS is for optical. RS is applicable only if kyal centers are there. Easy chyal center is not there. No, if double bond or ring is there, we can't able to rotate the molecule. Then we can use no.
You guys are getting the idea when to use easy, when to use easy, when to use RS. That is what what is to start. Yes, I think you are coming late to the class, right? See, okay, this is a chance you can see my notes also everything I discussed here.
When it comes to to me summ all the exceptions, see everything I given. So, make use of this. When it comes to to me sum, what are the necessary condition?
Only two things we need to have. This is a number of structure isomearism ring chain. Yes. Totoisum intramolecular hydrogen transfer is called as toarism. What is the simple thing? Carbon should be sp3 hybridized.
At the same time alpha hydrogen should be there. If alpha hydrogen is there that hydrogen will go to oxygen. This pi bond will come here. That is ketoism.
In the same way not only for isomearism I given the excellent notes for UPSC nomenclature also. So when it comes to UPSC nomature we discussed everything as well as we solved some question also.
Now in isomearism also we completed now shall we start doing questions my dear students for isomearism it is clear don't worry about the time the thing is we need to have clearcut idea whatever we are studying that's all yes so isomeism conditions to exhibit optical isomeism RS configuration with the help of RS configuration how I will find whether the given compound is ananchant or diaststeromer In the same way how to calculate optical isomeism if the compound is symmetrical unymmetrical then how to calculate stereo isomeism everything is done my dear students clear now shall we do some question based on this?
Yes some good questions I will take.
Yes. First question based on isomeary sum.
Yes.
Which among the following is likely to show geometrical isome?
Yes. Which among the following is likely to show geometrical isomeism.
What happened Robin? Why? Why sir?
Please do tell me which among the following a lightly to show geometrical isomeism.
Yes. Shall we check? Let me check. What is the GI? Restricted rotation should be there. Restricted rotation. Restricted rotation. Restricted rotation.
But group attached to the carbon atom should be different. CH3 CH3 same group.
Right? Two hydrogen. So same group here this carbon attached to hydrogen and CH3 different group nitrogen attached to O and nitrogen will be having lone pair lone pair O both are different so GA is possible option B is the correct answer option B is the correct answer it is clear so option B is the right answer next Question.
Which of the following are Kyle?
Which of the following are Kiran?
Yes.
Yes.
Which of the following is sky?
Yes.
Which of the following is skyal?
Sure. D is skyal. My dear students.
Yes.
Yes. Tell me first between definitely A B is not the answer. Between C and D on what basis people are telling C. What basis you people are telling D? People see who are telling Yogesh Kiti. Yes.
Why C is the answer? Ma can you please tell me why not D? Tell me.
Yes.
Yes. Yes. Yes.
Yes.
Which is Kyle.
Yes. What will happen my dear students?
Here POS is there or not?
Automatically speaking the correct answer will be option C is the correct answer. Option C is the correct answer because we can able to cut 15 days left. Don't worry now actually we are completing class 11 in the same way 17th Friday I will be meeting you guys with the top 500 question 18th I'm meeting you with again marathon of class 12th chemistry automatically you guys can able to score well don't worry. So when it comes to kyal which of the following are kyal? Basically which molecules are kyal? If they are optically active if they are optically active then what should not be there?
Pos should not be there. Then in that case if you check what is the answer?
Option C will be the correct answer.
Here both will be like this. We can cut like this. Here what will happen? CH3 CH3 will be in the top. One CL will be in the top one CL in the bottom. If I cut like this automatically I will be getting. So option C is the correct answer. Then next question.
Yes.
Based on configuration.
Yes.
Correct configuration of the following.
Yes. Correct configuration of the following.
But my mind always count and give me paralysis sir.
Yes.
Sure.
Let me check my dear students.
If I talk about this center, what exactly we will be getting? High priority will be oxygen. So number one here carbon carbon this is attached to O. This will be downside will be second priority. This will be third priority.
This will be fourth priority. Now how I can able to do through small one 1 2 3 clockwise. So I'm getting clockwise R but it is in horizontal position. So that is yes. All right. So two yes.
Now third one I need to check. If I want to check third one here not third one next one. First priority group is what?
This one. One two. This is carbon attached to this one oxygen. But here this is two. This is three. This what we are having four less priority group is in the vertical position. So no need to swap the answer. Now how we will rotate?
Like this if we go it will cover in the short distance or like this if I come it will cover in the short distance. Like this if I come it will cover in the short distance. So this is what my dear students anticlockwise.
So it is yes 2. Yes. Three. Yes. Option A is the right answer.
Option A is the right answer.
Yes. I'm getting A. Exactly. Criti. Kiti is using shortcut. HCSB AS just very simple. We can't able to do like this. No. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4. Which one is covering? Short distance along that way only we need to do.
Now everybody getting a clearcut idea.
See these are all very simple question not that much complicated also but still why you guys are doing mistake then. Okay.
So next one.
Yes. Tell me this question. I UPSC we completed so like a mind twister.
Correct. I UPSC name. Why not D sir?
Just now I explain no option. Now what happened?
Yes Niha this is more than sufficient that is what from class started at 11:00 so from uh 11 to 12:30 I was doing UPSC nomature complete concept followed by question next after 12:30 to till now 2:30 complete isomeism structural stereo geometrical optical how to calculate stereo isomeism all the formulas everything in a very precise way I given please do make use of the note now isomeism question also complete 10. Next I'm going to start go.
Yes. Quick.
Same doubt. Why not D?
Okay. Finish this answer so that we can discuss that correct UPSC name of the compound.
See see what is the longest carbon chain.
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 So 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yes.
So longest carbon chain what I'm getting 1 2 3 4 5 6 all the substitute I'm getting substituent is in the number 2 + 3 + 4 if I come in this way 3 + 4 + 1.
So lowest low and sum rule I will be following this order. Substituent should get the lowest number. If I add the number it should be less. So six means hick. So pint I am incorrecting. When it comes to hick in fourth question I'm having double bond is getting started.
Second portion double bond. Fifth portion double bond. So correct answer will be option B. Ethile methile. Yes exactly.
So option B is the right answer. Option B is the right answer.
Sorry sir. Option B.
Okay. So that question everyone is having doubt right. So what is the doubt everyone is having?
Let me go and check that question.
Yes.
How three are in this? Let me draw the dummy structure for this. What we are getting? Oh is this side in the top second priority. This side three this side four.
Is everyone is fine with this?
Is everyone is fine with this downside structure. The dummy structure is everyone is fine with that my dear students.
Then finally correct.
See I'm not demotivating you guys. I'm just giving the things in a very precise way. Honestly, even personally I know now this notes will be very useful for you guys. No, no way you people will get all these formulas, everything in a very precise way. Yes, it is clear. Fine. Now it is clear. Now listen carefully.
1 2 3 4. Which is the easiest way to go?
If I go in clockwise, how it will come?
1 2 after that four will come again. 3 4. This much a rotation is happening. If I go anticlockwise 1 2 3 4 only one rotation. This is yes.
This is R. Now look at the less priority group. It is in which position? It is in vertical position. So vertical position means no need to swap the answer. Only if it is less priority group is in horizontal position we need to swap.
Here it is in vertical position. So no need to swap. Yes is the answer. Yes is the answer. Now everyone is getting a clearcut idea.
Yeah. Yes. Zoranica that is another shortcut.
Ahara Mahadev very clear road. Soara mahadev means less priority group is in horizontal position. I am rotating anticlockwise.
So configuration is R. If less priority group is in vertical position, I am rotating in clockwise direction. So configuration is R. In the opposite V A S for this H cs. Now you can use the shortcut. Now tell me less paradic group is in which position? Horizontal position. We are rotating in which direction?
Sorry. Less speric group is in which position? Vertical position. Vertical position. I am rotating in which direction? Anticlockwise direction. So, anticlockwise direction. What is the configuration? Yes. Yes.
Now, everybody is getting a clearcut idea.
Yes. Now, everyone is getting a clearcut idea. Sir, lunch break.
Yes, it's 2:40, right? Yeah. I thought by 3:00 we can complete organic chemistry, but still it's time consuming. Fine in the upcoming thermodynamics equilibrium but what is there in periodic table to discuss easily we can able to solve the questions don't worry fine everything is clear so now I'm leaving you guys for the lunch break so my dear students as of now what are the things completed means we just done with UPSC and then isomear sum UPSC the complete notes question we solved in the same way when it comes to isomeism also complete question and then concepts we discussed now I'm giving the break so at least half an hour it will take for me to go out and have lunch and come so once again we will meet by 3:15 after break sharp 3:15 or else maximum 5 to 10 minutes late also by 3:20 3:25 join the class what we are going to discuss I will start with go okay we will start with go it is clear right So go for a break. These two things are already done and dusted completely.
Upsc is done. Now after the go hydrocarbons we discussed no automatically we can able to do 3:00 we'll finish organic. Yeah that's what it got delayed because of isomeism but still fine. See for us clarity is important. Now honestly touch your heart and tell me my dear students anybody's having any confusion with respect to UPSC and isomeism.
How to calculate stereois isomeism? How to calculate miso compounds? Any of you is having any doubts now? No doubts, right? That is what very very important.
Okay. Yes. Exactly. Yes. Yes. Yes. In uh another batch actually we did 100 question in go. But now still I will just give the rough idea then I will move further. Okay. Okay. My dear students because new students also listening right? So okay with this I'm giving lunch break. So we will meet by 3:15. Okay. Yes. Okay. My dear students take care. So up to here it is completed. After lunch I will start at JC. Come after exactly 3:15 3:20 like that. Okay. Take care.
Hello hello hello. Yes.
Yes.
So break has been completed. So from 2:50 I think I went right. So it's of about 30 minutes. I hope now everyone would have had your lunch also. So shall we continue the session? Is everyone is ready? My dear students, shall we continue? Is everyone is ready? Please do let me know my voice is audible.
Is my voice is audible?
Yes.
Shall we start?
Yes. I wrote to JMar very good afternoon. Good afternoon.
Okay. So when it comes to today marathon session we are completely focusing on class 11th chemistry. In class 11th from the starting whoever the student listening would have understood clearly IUPC and then isomer completely done and dusted now exactly I'm going to start from JC right so shall we start? Yes, I had my lunch. Uh my dear root jimmer, I hope everyone would have had your lunch because we should not skip the lunch. So that is also very important, right?
Okay. Now shall we start? When it comes to UPSC and isomearisum how our class exactly went means we discussed any number of things.
So completely I not even left even a single thing completely I given the holistic approach of UPSC nomenclature what are the different prefixes suffixes everything we discussed along with this we also discussed upscaming in cycllo compounds followed by some of the practice questions not only this we also solved very good questions also not only concept class so benzene derivatives how to give the name simple rule then we started solving questions followed by isomeism. Here this is very very important my dear students when it comes to isomeism all the types of isomeism structural isomeism. What is the shortcut to identify whether the given isomer is chain isomer or position then functional isomeism ring chain isomeism followed by this calculation of number of structural isomer when it comes to alken how to calculate apart from that stereoisome. When it comes to stereoism we are having two things geometrical optical. So how to identify strands easy mainly another thing students will get confused how to calculate number of GI and optical. So number of GI how to calculate the formulas in the same way optical isomeism in that with the help of RS configuration we can easily able to find out whether the given compound is identical dior. If you people use the simple trick, it will be very easy to solve. So in the same way, how to calculate number of optical isomers, how to calculate miso compounds, how to calculate recipic mixture, total number of optical isomers, everything we discussed. Yes, Shavani, I had my lunch. What about you, ma? I'm not supposed to talk in any specific language. Very sorry. So yeah, I can able to understand even I can talk your mother tan. Okay. Yes. So n is equal to even means what is the formula?
N is equal to odd means what is the formula? These are all the things we completely discussed. Apart from that students will get confused when it comes to calculation of number of stereoism.
When it comes to stereoism also if it is unymmetrical what is the thing we need to follow? Then if it is symmetrical what is the procedure we need to do? All these things are very very important followed by we also discussed some good question right? We solved any number of questions in today class. Yes. Kyle this orange and yes last actually students would have got some doubt here now it is clear my dear students now it is clear okay okay shani yes right okay fine now I'm going to start with other important concept that is go I hope go in this class how many of you are still feeling go as one of the toughest subject I mean toughest chapter in chemistry how many of You feeling like that general organic chemistry?
Yes.
How many of you feeling like that? Ma'am sir, go JC is very tough.
So go is one of the very easiest chapter till now. What is the problem with our students? Means if I tell inductive effect, if I tell misomeic effect, if I talk about resonance, you guys can able to tell. But where you people are struggling means when it comes to calculation of acidic strength, when it comes to calculation of basic strength, which is more acidic. The application part application part of GOC is still a nightmare for majority of the students.
to avoid those confusion. Now in today class what I'm going to do means in a very precise way I'm going to give the idea yes it's not only about uh road to jimmar malikar junarity no majority of the students are facing difficult so after this session so next 1 hour completely we are about to discuss go only you people will get clear-cut clarity my dear students okay so without any further delay we will start the session listen carefully don't in the same way how now honestly speaking I can tell confidently whoever listen to my lecture for last four last four hours automatically now you people can able to solve any question from UPSC or isomeism. Am I right or wrong? In the same way now we are going to solve this go also. Listen carefully.
When it comes to general organic chemistry the first thing we need to understand is permanent effect. That is what very very important. Permanent effect. What are the permanence effect we are having? Permanent effect is inductive effect.
Yes, easy. It will become very easy after 2 hours. But I'm not going to take 2 hours. I'm going to take only 1 hour because we need to start physical chemistry before 7:00 evening break because after 7:00 we are completely going to dive into inorganic chemistry.
Okay. So before 7:00 we need to complete physical also. Yes. Now we will start when it comes to permanent effect. What are the permanent effect?
First thing is inductive effect.
Next to permanent effect is hyper conjugation. The next one is resonance.
These three are very very important.
What is required for examination that we will do. But listen carefully. I'm not leaving anything. I'm going to tell everything in a very precise way. How we discussed in UPSC and isomeism inductive effect hyper conjugation followed by resonance.
First thing when it comes to inductive effect, what is the idea in inductive effect? Very simple.
Carbon chain will be there to the straight carbon chain. To the carbon chain, some group is attached. In the same way, one more example. Now the group which is attached to the carbon chain. The group which is attached to the carbon chain is having two possibility.
It can able to withdraw electron. If it is withdrawing electron this group is showing minus I effect. If suppose the group is donating electron then it is plus I effect. Very simple. Now tell me minus I. Minus minus I means what? It will withdraw the electron. Plus I means it will donate electron. We all know very well inductive effect is distance dependent.
Distance dependent up to third carbon atom only it is effective. Beyond that it has no significance. So it depends on the distance dependent. This is very very important. Now tell me few example for plus I group and then minus I group.
Anybody? What are the examples we can tell for plus I group? When it comes to plus I it need to donate electron. That means it need to be rich in electron. So basically all nucleophiles are plus group. For example, CH2 minus NH minus then we will be having minus C minus CH3. All these things are plus I group. It has the tendency to donate electron. If I talk about minus I group which has the tendency to withdraw electron. When it will withdraw an electron if it is electron deficient. So all electrofiles are basically all electrofiles are basically minus I group. It will withdraw electron. Why?
Because it is electron deficient. It need electron. Some examples I am writing more examples you people will get. Even in your textbook it will be there. These are all the plus I group.
These are all the minus I group. That list actually you guys need to remember.
Once again, it's not about memorizing.
It's all about getting familiar with the thing.
Yes. Then fine. Now then next thing yeah all those things I will discuss. Wait wait wait wait. First I'm just giving the rough idea what is inductive effect acidic exchange everything I will tell.
Hyper conjugation. What is hyper conjugation? Basically just we need to find out alpha hydrogen.
What is alpha hydrogen my dear students?
Carbon attached to functional group carbon is called as alpha carbon. Carbon directly attached to functional group.
No need of functional group carbon.
Carbon attached to functional group. I'm giving you one compound. Functional group is present here. If the particular carbon is attached to the functional group then this carbon is called as alphaarbon. Hydrogen attached to alpha carbon is called as alpha hydrogen. So when it comes to hyper conjugation understand one thing we need to find out how many alpha hydrogens's are there or else one more thing total number of hyper conjugative structure is nothing but it will be equal to number of alpha hydrogen. Total number of hyper conjugative structure will be equal to number of alpha hydrogen. These are all the definition. My dear students, I will tell how to apply. That is what very important in exam. No one is going to ask us all the things. Maybe if a question paper set is very good by heart, he may ask which of the following group is plus I group. Which of the following group is minus I group? If they ask like that, no, that's all.
Everyone will score full marks.
So please be very careful. These are all the basic idea. But now next I will be moving into application part that is very easy.
Okay.
See there separate chat is going on between students. Okay. Now when it comes to resonance, what is resonance?
What is resonance? Deoization of pi electron. So where and all resonance will be possible? Very very simple.
Deoization of pi electron. If I'm having a b double bond C. If A is having a lone pair of electron then lone pair double bond separated by a bond resonance is possible. If suppose I'm having negative charge here negative charge and then double bond separated by a bond then resonance is possible. Instead of that positive charge and then double bond separated by a bond then here also automatically we will be having resonance. In the same way two pi bonds two pi bonds are separated by a bond then resonance is possible. If I am having free radical free radical and pi bond separated by a bond then resonance is possible. Now here you told clearcut idea what is minus I plus I in the same way what about in resonance what is plus I group what is minus I group if you listen carefully my dear students understand one thing this is very very important this is the shortcut every day someone or the other is coming to the class yeah see okay so a lone pair and then pi bond is separated by a single bond. So this is exactly resonances possible. Now for minus I plus I group no other option my dear students you guys need to remember the things these are all the group which will show plus I effect. These are all the group will show minus i effect. We need to remember but plus m minus m I'm going to tell one simple shortcut. I'm going to tell one simple shortcut with the help of that you guys can able to tell if definitely pi bond should be there. It can be double bond or benzene ring. This will be attached to one group. Right? Double bond attached to one group or benzene ring attached to one group. If this group the group which is attached to pi bond double bond are benzene. If the first group in that group first atom first atom of that group contain lone pair means it will show plus m effect.
In the same way if the first atom is having double bond then it will show minus sign. Very simple. It is very simple my dear students. Everybody getting an idea.
Yes it is clear. So once again I'm telling when it comes to resonance remember where and all resonance is possible. Pi bond and positive charge is separated by a bond. Pi bond negative charge is separated by a bond. Pi bond free radical is separated by a bond. Pi bond pi bond is separated by a bond. I'm talking it as bond only. Right? And then pi bond and lone pair is separated. In all this case resonance is possible. How to identify whether the group is plus or minus m? Very simple. The group which is attached to pi bond or benzene ring in that group the first atom is having lone pair means plus m group. If the first atom is having double bond means it is minus m group. Now shall we start discussing about application? Now up to here anybody is having any doubts my dear students please do tell me anybody is having any doubts here?
Yes. Anybody is having any doubts here?
Anybody is having any doubts? No doubts.
Right. Perfect. Now let me start with the discussion part.
This is very very important application.
Listen carefully. This is only this will only come in exam.
This will only come in exam. Application of inductive effect.
Application of inductive effect.
What is the main application of inductive effect? In a very easy way how we can able to remember when it comes to inductive effect for what purpose we will use means to determine acidic strength of caroxyic acid. For what purpose we will use inductive effect to determine acidic strength. Very simple. Acidic strength is directly proportional to minus I. inversely proportional to plus side.
Now understand one thing my dear students let me explain with some example so that you guys will get a clearcut idea. Let me give some question. Tell me CH3 C H CH F I'm comparing this with CH3 CH CH it is attached to Cl. Now tell me out of these two which one is having more acidic strength?
If I compare these two, which one is having more acidic strength?
If I compare these two, which one is having more acidic strength?
How exactly in what basis you are telling? Acidic strength is directly proportional to minus I. If I compare florine and chlorine, both will show minus I. For this purpose only, I told you guys need to remember the order of the group. Okay, that is very very important. So automatically F and CL which one is having more minus I effect? F automatically acidic strength is directly proportional to minus I A is having more acidic strength. It is clear everybody getting a clearcut idea. Now in the same way let me give one more question.
CH CH here I'm attaching this two NO2 group here I am attaching this to O minus now tell me my dear students if I compare these two which one is having more acidic strength keep this as A keep this as B which Which one is having more acidic strength?
Yes.
Which one is having more acidic strength?
Yes.
Which one is particularly having more acidic strength? My dear students, quick quick.
Yes.
How come? A just check the group N O2 it will show minus I effect minus nucleophile that means plus I it will donate. So acidic strength is directly proportional to minus I. Now the last question automatically that's it.
Caroxilic acid acidic strength is find out by inductive effect. I will tell now we are discussing only inductive effect.
I will discuss the remaining things also. Listen carefully CH here I'm having florine chlorine chlorine keep this as A keep this as B. Which one is more acidic my dear students?
Which one is more acidic?
Von. Hello. Hi Vat.
Which one is more acidic?
Yes.
Which one will be more acidic?
We know which one is more acidic once again. A how sir F is having greater minus I effect compared to Cl but still how sir A will be having more acidic strength. What is the thing? Whenever we are calculating acidic strength of caroxilic acid we need to remember one rule D NP distance is greater than number is greater than power. So this rule we need to follow distance number power. D talks about distance.
N is for number.
P is for power. Distance. Number power.
So even though power is less but which one is getting more priority number. How many minus I group is there? Number. Two numbers are there. Here how many group is there? Only one number. So automatically which one is having more power? A is having more acidic strength.
It is clear.
It is clear. All right. So this is very very important. Now other than this where we will be using this uh inductive effect one is acidic strength of caroxilic acid. Another one where exactly we will use inductive effect means to determine to determine stability of carboation and carbanion to determine stability of carboation and then carbanion. Very simple my dear students. Now you guys itself can able to do carboation in the same way carbanion. Tell me my dear students carboation will be stabilized by which group? Carboaton means electron deficient. If electron donating group is there automatically this will be stabilized? Carbanion electronri if electron withdrawing group is attached automatically this carbanion will be stabilized. So in a very simple way how I can able to tell stability of carboation. If I talk about stability of carboation, it is directly proportional to plus I inversely proportional to minus I. In the same way if I talk about stability of carbanion, if I talk about stability of carbanion, it is directly proportional to minus I inversely proportional to plus I. Very simple my dear students. Now you people are getting an idea. Yes.
Anybody is having any doubts?
Right. Now one simple question I will give so that you guys itself can be able to tell me the answer.
Let me deal with carboation.
I am dealing with carboation based on inductive effect. Don't go for primary, secondary, tertiary and all.
Tell me my dear students.
Yes.
A B which one is more stable carboation?
Tell me which one is more stable carboation in which one is stable more stable carboation.
How exactly everyone is telling B is more stable? What is the reason behind that?
Hey, but uh Vedant I I'm not supposed to talk in any other language other than English. So no other option. Very sorry.
Yes, tell me. So which one? I will tell B is more stable carboation. How sir?
Carboation is directly proportional to plus I but florine also minus I group O also minus I but comparatively when it comes to power minus I power which one is having less minus I power oh is having less minus I power so automatically stability will be more here it is very simple done it is Okay.
Okay. Okay. Vad. Okay. Okay.
See there separate chat is going on. It is clear. Everyone is getting a clearcut idea to determine stability of carboation and carbanion. These two are very very important.
Now next thing hyper conjugation. Shall we move? So when it comes to inductive effect now onwards remember it is to determine the acidic strength acidic strength of caroxilic acid at the same time to determine stability of carboation and then carbanion now the next thing but uh not the legendary it's not like that actually because majority of the students will be watching as a recorded lecture for them also We need to give our best. Even one student is watching also we need to give our maximum content. That is my always thumb rule.
Okay. Now we will continue. Next thing to determine stability of carboation carbanion and then to determine acidic strength we are having inductive effect.
Now we are going to continue about hyper conjugation.
Next we are going to discuss about hyper conjugation application of hyper conjugation.
When it comes to hyper conjugation what exactly I told the thing is we need to calculate stability. We know very well if number of alpha hydrogen is more it is more stable. So in that case if we calculate what will be the application of hyper conjugation to compare stability of carboation and alken to compare stability of carboation and alken. When it comes to comparison of stability of carboation and alken exactly how we need to find out remember as I told just now stability is directly proportional to number of alpha hydrogen. Stability is directly proportional to number of alpha hydrogen. So automatically now tell me my dear students let me give you some compounds. I want you guys to tell me which is more stable.
Yes. Tell me a B which is more stable carboation?
Which is more stable carboation?
Yes.
Yes. Yes. Yes. Quick.
Which is a more stable carboation?
In both the cases?
Keep this as A.
Keep this as B. Which is more stable carboation?
No. Here we should not do in degree.
What we need to check alpha hydrogen only? We need to check strictly.
Yes.
What exactly we will be getting? Check.
Carbon with positive charge. This is alpha carbon. How many hydrogen's are there? Two alpha hydrogen. Carbon with positive charge. This is alpha carbon.
This is alpha carbon. Here two alpha hydrogen. Here three alpha hydrogen.
More the number of alpha hydrogen B is more stable. Now second question.
Yes.
Second question.
No. A equal to B is incorrect. Santo wrong. Not the legendary. It's wrong.
C double bond C. This is alpha carbon.
This is alpha carbon. So here two hydrogen will be there. Here two hydrogen will be there. Four alpha hydrogen.
Here carbon double bond carbon. So this is alpha carbon. Two alpha hydrogen will be there. Here two alpha hydrogen will be there. So automatically four alpha hydrogen but since alpha hydrogen is same stability no stability will not be same.
What will be the correct answer? No need of sorry kiti. Yes tell me which one is more stable A or B? In the second case in the second case which is more stable my dear students. More stable alken A or B?
Yes. Quick.
A or brick. A or B. Which is more stable? Please do let me know sir motivation. Uh nicely you are sitting and chithatting.
Hey V now in the last minute you need motivation it seems.
Yes Henry what's the question?
No, which is actually more stable?
B is more stable than A. Why?
What will the duration sir? Now I'm in third chapter already UPSC completed, GOC completed. Sorry, UPSC ism completed. Now go after that I will be jumping hydrocarbon. I will just give the idea because all reactions we no need to discuss. some important reactions I will discuss followed by that I will be moving into physical chemistry so class will be there up to night 11:00 why why B is more stable yes yes yes why B is more stable what is the reason compare alpha hydrogen is same then if alpha hydrogen is Then which concept we need to check?
Yes. Which concept we need to check?
Inductive effect. If you check inductive effect here at least I am having plus I group here any group is there. No group is there. So automatically B is more stable. Automatically B is more stable.
Okay. Shavani again you want me to tell?
Yes. Yes. Exactly. No, it is not about resonance. How resonance is possible? Pi bond there is no alternate pi bond or positive charge. Nothing is there. No.
Very simple. First actually we need to compare with hyper conjugation. What is the order we will follow my dear students? What is the general order we need to follow when it comes to go? Yes.
What is the general order? Resonance will get high priority than hyper conjugation. Hyper conjugation will get high priority than inductive effect. So when it comes to this structure resonance is not possible hyper conjugation. When it comes to hyper conjugation number of alpha hydrogen is same in both the case. If number of alpha hydrogen is same in both the case then automatically we need to think of inductive effect. Here no inductive effect is there but here at least plus I is there. So that will be more stable.
It is clear and then shani now you understood.
Yeah but I'm proud of myself. See students are commenting in uh other other languages number of languages but I can able to understand everything that's good that's nice to see all uh students from all the states yeah see yogai group is at least inductive effect is acting there right so in that perspective that is more stable it is here.
Yes. Now this is all about application of hyper conjugation. When it comes to inductive effect, acidic strength of caroxyic acid and then mainly stability of carboation carbanion. When it comes to hyper conjugation, stability of carboation and then alken. Now I'm moving into misomeic effect.
Now I'm moving into misome effect.
Misomeic effect resonance everything is same. Application of misome effect.
When it comes to application of misomeic effect listen carefully very very important. First thing for what purpose I will use to compare acidic strength in aromatic caroxilic acid to compare acidic strength in aromatic caroxilic acid listen carefully here so many exceptions are there in a precise way I'm going to give please do make a note of each and everything if you people are watching recorded video also please do make a note of these points.
No, no, no. I will be doing that today till 11:00 class will be there. Even after 11:00 if I couldn't able to do any one or two chapters means that I will continue along in 18th class.
To compare acidic strength in aromatic caroxilic acid. So if you take this carefully, listen carefully, acidic strength is directly proportional to minus I minus M minus I inversely proportional to + M + I. Now one thing my dear students some important points I want to tell make a note.
Misomeic effect we all know very well aromatic caroxilic acid. No. So caroxyic acid along with benzene ring. Misomeic effect does not operate in meta position.
Misomeic effect does not operate in meta position. Second thing for some group plus m will have greater priority than minus i. What are those groups will be having? Plus will be greater than minus i. If I am dealing with O group, O C3 and then NH2, these are all the exception my dear students and then fluo.
For some group what will happen? Means minus I will have greater effect than plus M. For which type of group that is?
Halogen, Cl, chlorine, bromine, iodine these are all the groups minus I will be greater than plus M. Understand one more thing always remember plus M effect of lone pair will have greater power than plus M power of alkal group plus M power of alkal group. What's our loan pair? Can you give example?
Oh, oxygen will be having lone pair.
This is having greater plus some effect than alkal group. So these are all the things you guys need to compulsory remember. My dear students, it is clear.
Everybody getting an idea?
Yes.
Yes. You are getting the idea.
Done. Now the next thing is SIR effect.
So once again I'm repeating listen carefully. Application of misomeic effect to compare acidic strength of aromatic caroxilic acid. For what purpose we are using? To compare acidic strength of aromatic caroxilic acid. For some group plus m will be greater than minus I. For some group minus I will be greater than plus sum. These groups we need to remember in exam. In the same way plus M of lone pair is having greater effect than plus M of alkal group. One more thing definitely question paper setter will be always focusing sir effect.
What is sir effect?
Steric inhibition resonance.
S effect is nothing but steric inhibition resonance. What is this S?
Even I couldn't able to understand everywhere. Very simple my dear students. Listen carefully. What are the things will be there. Listen carefully.
Yes sir. Effect we are discussing for aromatic caroxilic acid.
Now let me take one aromatic caroxyic acid CO minus because caroxilic acid no it is acidic in nature. We all know very well. Okay let me write like this for better understanding. Initially I will be having caroxilic acid group right now.
If you listen carefully sir see my question.
Oh my god it went up once again. Once again, one second.
Hey, wait. I will come for physical. No, that time we will discuss where is the diagram accurate representation of oh what is the what is the problem?
Yes.
Done. Okay. Now we will continue my dear students. We will continue.
Now if you listen carefully here C. Now acid what it will do? It will donate H+.
After donating H+ what is the structure?
We will be getting C double bond O minus. Now tell me my dear students here resonance is possible or not this pi electron can come here.
So automatically this can go there or this can go there. Right? Possibility is there or not. In the same way one more resonance also possible. This can come here. This pi electron can go here. This electron can come here. This pi electron can go here. An number of resonance is possible here. But if suppose in the same structure, if I am having one bulky group in the ortho position, if I am having one bulky group in the ortho position, now exactly what will happen means G is nothing but bulky group. Now exactly what will happen here? Repulsion will be there since bulky group is there repulsion will be there. So because of repulsion what exactly will happen means C double bond O minus. Now due to the presence of bulky group and here repulsion is happening only one resonance is possible. this resonance is not at all possible. So that is the reason this will be more stable. If bulky group is present in the orthop position aromatic caroxilic acid will be more stable. If bulky group is not present then this will be less stable. Everybody getting idea? One question will come sir more resonance means more stable only. No sir listen my dear students here only one resonance is happening but that 200% it will happen but here one or more resonance is possible but not even 100% resonance is possible so because of that when two or three things is happening 100% is possible not at all possible so because of that reason this will be less stable this will be more stable sir effect is very very important so what You guys now tell me in neat examination is anyone is going to ask explain S effect or we are in 11th 12th examination no one is going to ask us explain S effect what they will directly ask us they will give MCQ question our duty is to solve that that's all everybody is getting a point it is clear everybody is getting the idea my dear students everybody is getting an idea so when it comes to s effect if you talk carefully remember if a bulky group is present in orthop position then that will be more stable blindly. Remember this like a thumb rule that is steric inhibition resonance. Now based on misomeic effect that is to compare acidic strength in aromatic caroxilic acid. Shall we do some question?
Shall we do some question? Right. Okay.
So first question so only like this only I'm solving question so that it will be very easy for us. No to master the concept. You guys need to tell me CH N O2 C H N O2. Next CH N keep this as A, this as B, this as C. Tell me students, which one is more stable?
Yes, we need to compare acidic strength, right? So tell me the acidic strength.
Which one is more acidic?
Yes.
Okay. One student. A is greater than C.
C is greater than B.
Next person.
Yes. Yes. Yes.
Par sir. Okay. Think first. Okay. First question I will do remember what we know my dear students what is the priority directly proportional to minus m minus i inversely proportional to plus m plus i.
So always remember the order like this acidic strength is priority will be first minus m minus i after that give for plus i and then plus m.
So remember like this even I usually remember like this early. Now tell me bulky group is in or position. So automatically here what will be there?
SI will be there.
NO2 NO2 is which group actually tell me my dear students misomeic effect will not act on meta position it will not act so minus I but misomeic effect will act on paraposition. So minus M minus I now which is more acidic S effect is there.
So A is more acidic than C right because minus M is there next least is B. This is the order. Everybody getting an idea how to solve this question?
Sir hello.
Yes.
Yes. Everybody getting an idea how to solve these type of question?
Is everyone is getting an idea? My dear students, this is very very important.
Is everyone is getting an idea?
Done.
Perfect.
Okay. Now one more question I will give.
Try to solve only by solving question we can able to master GC. No problem. Once you people understood the concept automatically you guys can able to solve question even in my absence that is the reason now I'm teaching concept that's fine understand the things C yes two things are there Yes. Now compare and tell me. Keep this as A, keep this as B, keep this as C.
Tell me the acidic strength order parameter.
Now tell me which one is more acidic.
Quick.
Tell me my dear students.
strength B A C others.
B is greater than C. C is greater than A.
C is greater than A. A is greater than B. Vishujit. Hi sir. Hi Vishujit. Let me know the answer. Now Vishujit will run off and go. If this fellow is if I'm coming to class, he is keep on asking me question like that. Yes. Tell me Vishujit.
Yes. What will be the answer exactly speaking here?
B is greater than C. C is greater than A. Shall we check? Why everyone is telling B? Because two bulky groups is there. Yes sir. Here only one bulky group. So B is greater than A. A is greater than C. B is greater than A. A is greater than C. Now in the same way this question challenging question challenge question or to meta par.
Keep this as a b.
Tell me the acidic strength order my dear students.
Yes.
This is my challenge question for the day. Yes. Tell me.
Yes. Yes. Yes. Let me see.
BT Kan back. Yeah.
Yes. Yes. Yes.
CBA N2 Nv2 will show which effect my dear students Nv2 will show minus M and then minus A effect here also minus M minus I is possible here misomeic effect is not possible because misomeic effect will not will not act in meta position misomeic effect will not act in meta position so here I will be having only minus sign here once again what I will be having minus M and then minus I. Now tell me my dear students.
Yes P A B C B A which one we will get in both A and C directly we can tell B is least. I do agree B is least. No doubting. But what about A and C?
Yes. What about A and C?
Parometa.
Okay. According to my student Zoranica, I'm going it as para or meta. Now tell me my question is when it comes to C and A both are having minus M minus I on which concept you people decided C is more acidic strength. Tell me my dear students, anybody can tell me based on which concept you people concluded sir C will be having more acidic state. On what basis you people told what is the concept? Because statement type question, assertion, reason type question, question paper will throw these concepts. He or she will definitely check this concept. Tell me C A B on what basis you people compared C is having more acidic strength than A.
Exactly. Malikarjuna what is there here?
There is a possibility for intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Tell me if intermolecular hydrogen bonding is there. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is there. Tell me it is possible for this phenol to donate hydrogen. Not possible. It won't come out. So that is the reason C is more acidic than A. A is more acidic than B. But one more thing my dear students, what is that? Why here not I'm not even talking about S effect.
Why we are not even talking about S effect? Remember phenol phenol in phenol si is not possible.
Remember this also my dear students this is very very important in penol sir effect is not possible. It is clear in phenolon sir effect is not possible.
Everybody is getting an idea. Everybody is getting an idea. So when it comes to phenol please do make a note sir is not possible in phenol.
Then this is very very important statement.
If I am framing a neat question paper I will ask this statement as a assertion reason or statement type question.
Definitely that statement will be there.
Now it is clear. Now you people are getting an idea how to find out acidic strength, how to find out everything.
Now you people are getting an idea my dear students.
Yes. So very simple if I ask you to find out acidic strength in caroxilic acid inductive effect. Stability of carboation carbanion inductive effect.
Hyper conjugation is for stability of alken as well as stability of carboation. Next misomeic effect. First thing is acidic strength of aromatic caroxilic acid. Now second thing what we are going to discuss is basic strength in amine.
Application of misomeic effect with the help of misomeic effect we can able to tell basic strength in amines. Now individually I'm making you guys to solve after discussing this amine. What I will do together like a holistic approach. If one question comes in exam how to approach that I'm going to tell that's all it's as easy as that basic strength in amine listen carefully when it comes to basic strength in amine what is the very simple idea if a loone pair is available if availability of if availability of loan pair on nitrogen increases What will happen?
Basic strength increases. In the same way, basic strength increases. What will happen to KB? Increases. What will happen to pKb? Decreases. What will happen to pKa? Increases. What will happen to Ka? Decreases. This is very very important. Now remember one order basic strength of amine basic CT is directly proportional to plus I + M inversely proportional to minus I minus M inversely proportional to minus M minus I not just ideas we are getting answers also that's why you are goat See my thing is it's not about who is good who is the exceptional faculty in chemistry nothing like that my dear students my thing whatever the things I will always tell students no my students need to learn from multiple teacher learn everything in a proper way try to crack the exam even see one lecture also if you are listening me and then other faculties lectures you are listening and then but you people are can able to crack the exam means I'm happy that one lecture that one chapter at least I helped you guys right so that's why everyone is very good in chemistry nowadays all teachers are doing their great work so we need to respect everyone okay so basicity is directly proportional to acidic strength what is the thing I told when it comes to acidic strength what I told acidic strength if we talk means acidic strength is directly proportional to minus m minus i but inversely proportional to plus m plus i but if we talk about basic strength it is directly proportional to plus I + M inversely proportional to minus I - M. It is clear. Now let me tell you guys in the same way S effect here we will be having one effect that is what very very important in exam point of view. Any idea? First thing understand localized loan pair will have greater basic strength than deoized loan pair.
Localized loan pair will have greater strength than deoized loan pair. What is this? Let me take CH3 CH2 NH2.
Let me take like this EH2 double bond CH NH2. Now if you look this example carefully here also loan pair will be there. Here also loan pair will be there. What do you guys think? Which lone pair can easily participate? Which can act as a base? Which lone pair can be easily the molecule can donate to other molecule? If I compare these two in which molecule lone pair can be easily donated to other molecule very simple here it is localized here it is deoized why here what is possible resonance is possible this lone pair is involved in resonance so it is not possible for this nitrogen to donate this to other molecule because this is already participating in resonance so when it comes to basic strength localized lone pair is having greater basic strength than deoized to loan pair. This you guys need to remember.
Now understand SI and then SIP effect.
S effect.
SIP effect. If S effect is there basically if S effect is there it is most basic.
If SIP what is SIP? Steric inhibition protonation. Steric inhibition protonation. Because of this, this will be least basic. S effect is most basic.
SIP is least basic. Now one more thing S effect is shown by 3° and 2° aromatic amine. Only 3° 2° aromatic amine will show SI effect. Remember one thing my dear students primary aromatic amine is less stable. Primary aromatic amine is less stable. SIP effect is possible only in primary aromatic amine.
You people are getting an idea. Yes. So this is very very important. So if I compare amine amide cyanide which is more basic?
Which is more basic? Amine is more basic than amide. Amid is more basic than cyanide.
Basic strength order. This is the order of basic strength. Amine is more basic than amide. Amid is more basic than cyanide. This is very very crucial my dear students. Now will you guys can you able to tell the answer? Shall I give some question only by practice? Right?
Let me keep this page only. Few questions. You guys also need the help, right?
What is the name of this compound? We all know very well. The name of the compound is an Yes. If I compare A and B, which is more basic?
If I compare A and B? Tell me my dear students which is more basic.
Quick quick quick. If I compare A and B which is more basic?
Which will be more basic?
B is greater than A. Why B is greater than A? What is the idea? If you listen carefully, nitrogen also having lone pair. This nitrogen also having lone pair. As I told this nitrogen will takes part in resonance but this nitrogen resonance is not possible. So this is localized loone pair. So this is having more basic strength than a everybody is getting an idea now. Yes, I think you guys can able to solve some question.
Now let me give one more good question so that it I will be also very happy if you people talk about the basic strength.
So let me keep nitrogen.
Yes. Tell me A B which is more stable?
Sorry, not stable. Basic strength. Which is more basic strength?
We are discussing basic strength. Which is more basic? If I compare A and B?
Which is more basic?
Yes.
Joshua K. Hi sir. Hi Joshua.
Yes. Which is more basic A or B?
A is greater than B. Why? What is the reason? Once again here what will happen? This will be participating in resonance.
But here this is not participating in resonance. So automatically what is happening here? Actually we are having localized load path. Very good. Next question.
NH2 we will be having in R2 position.
R2. Now meta position substituent tell me keep this as A, keep this as B, keep this as C. Tell me my dear students which is more basic A B C Yes.
Tell me the order. A B C.
Okay. Yogesh is telling CBA. What about others?
Yes.
A CB first.
What is the order? We need to check resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect. Hyper conjugation. You leave resonance and then inductive effect.
Methail group. It will show which effect?
plus M plus I. Here only plus I because in meta position misomeric effect is not at all possible. In meta position misomeic effect is not at all possible. Here what we will be having plus I +. So we know one thing here but what actually we are dealing we are dealing with primary aromatic amine bulky group in orthoposition which effect is acting sip effect. SIP effect means least basic. So A is least. If I compare B and C which one basic strength is directly proportional to plus M minus sign I so A is lesser than B is lesser than C. This is the final order.
Everybody getting the point? A B C A B C. Yes. C is greater than B. B is greater than A. It is clear my dear students. Now everyone is getting the clearcut idea.
Yes.
Done.
Anybody is having any doubt?
It is clear.
Yes, it is clear.
Now tell me now when it comes to go. Now the last 10 minutes is very important in GC. Listen carefully.
If I talk about inductive effect now we know what is inductive effect. As whenever I'm telling just a recall you people really know or not. When it comes to inductive effect, we know what is inductive effect. We with the help of inductive effect, we can able to calculate the acidic strength of caroxilic acid and then stability of carboation carbanion. Hyper conjugation.
With the help of hyper conjugation, alpha hydrogen we know very well.
Stability of alken, stability of carboation we can able to find out with the help of hyper conjugation. Next is resonance. With the help of resonance, acidic strength of aromatic caroxilic acid, basic strength of amine we can able to calculate. In this we know very well actually sir effect SIP effect all these things we learned done. Now what we need to think means in exam now separately we know to solve you people mastered whatever the question I'm giving you people can able to solve. So automatically now what is very very important if one question comes in the exam how we need to approach. So what is the priority order we need to follow?
Now means not only resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect. What is the order we need to follow? Aromaticity will have greater priority than resonance. Resonance will have greater priority than hyper conjugation. Hyper conjugation will have greater priority than inductive effect. Now everyone knows about aromaticity my dear students. Now this is the order we need to follow. So first thing we need to check aromaticity. Understand one thing.
Now how many of you know about aromaticity quickly tell me so that I will give question now.
W Praash sahu sir I respect you.
What happened Praash? Suddenly you are coming and then commenting like sir I respect you. What happened?
Yes Shamani clear sir. Okay mashi now it's clear now imagine suppose one question comes in exam what I told aromaticity resonance hyper conjugation inductive effect now we clearly know this resonance hyper conjugation inductive effect aromaticity you people are having idea or not very simple now I'm going to give molecules completely aromaticity For what purpose we need to use aromaticity?
Yes. Indrajit. Hello sir. Hello Indrajit. How are you?
Yes. Which is satisfy Hakal's rule. Now let me put it in this way. When it comes to aromaticity, what is the first conditions? We will be having some condition cyclic.
It should be planer conjugation and then we will be having huckle rule. Am I right? We will be having huckle rule. Now when it comes to huckle rule what exactly we will be having? 4 n + 2 pi electrons then it is aromatic.
If these three is common, if these three is exactly common, if it is not having 4 n +2 rule, four and pi electrons are present, then it is exactly called as anti-aromatic.
Then it is exactly called as anti-aromatic. That's all. Now will you guys can you able to I will give you certain molecule. Will you guys tell me whether it is aromatic, non-aromatic or anti-aromatic. If from this three condition any of one condition is not satisfied then actually it is called as nonaromatic 4n pi electron anti-aromatic 4n plus 2 pi electron aromatic cyclic plan or conjugation. From this three rule any one rule is not satisfied. Even any one rule is not satisfied. If the given compound is plain or conjugation but cyc cyclic is not there. A cyclic if the given compound is having cyclic planer but conjugation is not there. Like this any one rule out of first three rule is not satisfied then it is non-aromatic.
Now I will give one by one the molecule I want you guys to do then only you people can able to tell the stability.
know that is the reason okay nothing other than that just apply the rule and let me know whether the I'm going to give certain compound it is aromatic or non-aromatic very simple yes let me give this with a positive charge first one here I'm giving loan pair loan pair is there Then this is third one. Apart from this I am giving pre- radical.
All these are questions. Now the next one, positive charge, negative charge, B radical Well, yes sir. Where are you from live sir?
Yes. So I'm live from Bangalorea.
I'm live from Bangalore.
Yes.
Tell me all these things are aromatic or non-aromatic or anti-aromatic.
Yes. Tell me my dear students.
Indry bingaluru.
Yes. Others sir this is crash series 140 above chemistry series right sir? Yeah, actually this is 100 plus mark because today I'm doing class 11 chemistry and then 17th we will be having top 500 question. 18th we will be having class 12 chemistry. Maybe due to time constraint today if I can't able to do because 12 hours last only maximum lifetime. So even after that if I can't able to finish one or two chapters I will continue that in Saturday marathon.
Yes. Yes. Yes.
What will be the answer? First one tell me it is aromatic or anti-aromatic or it is non-aromatic. It is having four pi electron. So anti-aromatic here this is second one. What exactly we are having?
Yes.
Oh sorry sorry sorry. Four pi electron 2 pi electron I forgot. uh counting only this is 2 pi electron we are having 2 pi electron so it is aromatic second one how many electrons we are having four pi electron so this is anti-aromatic third one it is nonaromatic why here the hybridization is sp3 nonaromatic next one this will be what fourth one fourth one why malikar jun Why you left fourth one? What is the reason? Fourth one is nonaromatic. Fourth one is nonaromatic. No doubt in that. Okay.
Fourth one is nonaromatic. Now this one again how many electrons are there? Four pi electrons. That means anti-aromatic.
Here how many electrons are there in the next one? 6 pi electrons are there. So 6 pi electrons means aromatic.
Next this one what is diabetization sp3 nonaromatic here unpar electron free radical is there nonaromatic hello yes election now it is clear how to find out aromatic or non-aromatic why what is the reason why I'm asking you guys to do this means now as I told what is the reason why we are doing this because this is the order we need to follow first we need to check for our aticity then resonance then hyper conjugation then inductive effect am I right so this is the order we need to follow if this is the order I need to follow listen carefully what is the application of aromaticity now it will be a shock for you guys sir these many days I don't know this that is the reason I couldn't able to score marks in go like that you people will feel what is the application here. Yes.
Any idea what will be the application?
First thing you people will get shock.
Let me give the molecule.
This is one compound.
First question.
Second question.
the same thing I'm taking for better understanding purpose nothing other than that that is negative charge that is negative charge okay so next Yes. What I want you guys to find out means what we are able to do. My dear students, what is the thing? The very important thing is here after what is the follow order? Aromaticity, resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect. This is the order we need to follow. First aromaticity, hyper sorry aromaticity, resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect. Now we are in the exam on first person is asking for this dipole moment order. For the first question, I want you guys to do dipole moment order. Why sir? For second question, I want you guys to tell me the acidic strength order.
For third question, I want you guys to tell carbanion stability.
For the fourth question, I want you guys to tell carboation stability. Will you guys able to tell?
Keep this as a B. Which is more dipole moment? A B. Second question. Which is more acidic strength? A B. Which is more stable carbanion?
A B. Which is more stable carboation?
Will you guys tell me quick? Let me check how many of you can able to tell.
Let me check how many of you can able to tell this.
Yes. Yes. Yes.
Yes, my dear students.
What do Yes.
1 A that the answer above is for 2 3 4.
Okay. Shall I check?
Oh my dear students, whatever comes in organic chemistry, what is the order we need to follow? Aromaticity, resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect, dipole movement. Now when it comes to dipole moment, listen carefully. It is not like inorganic chemistry. Now what we know very well carbon oxygen, oxygen is more electrogative. This pair of electron will go here. This pair of electron will go here. Here I will be getting positive charge. Here I will be getting positive charge. Now after this pair of electron goes there.
Now the resultant molecule this is aromatic or this is aromatic. Which is aromatic my dear students?
Positive charge. This is aromatic or this will be the aromatic.
Which is aromatic?
Yes. NTL sir after this should I watch myself batch question solving on this is more than sufficient my dear students this is more than sufficient no need to waste your time because exam is approaching no need to waste time.
Anyhow again in the marathon in in that batch I will be solving good questions.
So automatically you will get the clarity.
See after this you guys need to take more and more question practice. If you have any doubts you guys can approach me in telegram or else you guys can approach me in WhatsApp whatever.
So which is aromatic here?
This is aromatic.
This is anti-aromatic.
This is so aromatic will be having more dipole moment. A is having more dipole moment. Now you people are getting an idea. In the same way, now in the second question they are talking about acidic strength. What will happen? Here hydrogen will be there. Here hydrogen will be there. Here hydrogen hydrogen.
Acidic strength means what? Hydrogen will go off. So this pair of electron will come to this carbon. Hydrogen will go off. This pair of electron will come to this carbon. So what will be the resultant structure? Here minus charge.
Here I will be having minus charge compare which is aromatic which is non-aromatic we know very well this is anti-aromatic this is aromatic so automatically this one is having more acidic step carbanion the same thing first one is anti-aromatic this is aromatic so this is having more carboation stability now in the same way sir how to approach you okay Um yeah you can approach me in Instagram also or else you can approach me u in telegrams my numbers are there with some of the students. Yes my dear students please share it in the chat box as fivei numbers. So AB carboation stability this now if you listen carefully my dear students now if I compare these two which is aromatic which is anti-aromatic yes which is aromatic which is anti-aromatic yes this is aromatic. What about that one? This one is how many electrons are there? This is 4 n pi electrons. So this will be anti-aromatic.
So automatically aromatic. So this one is having more stability. Now you people are getting an idea why aromaticity is very very important.
Now everyone is getting a clearcut idea.
Why aromaticity is important? That is the reason my dear students. So this is the approach we need to solve. Now last thing only one thing is pending. But not only aromaticity, resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect. One more thing is there. For that we need to give high priority. Any idea?
Any idea?
Let me ask one challenge question.
Let me ask one challenge question. Okay.
Let me see how many of you can able to tell this question. Right.
Okay, first question now you people know all the concept right.
If I compare these three, keep this as A, B, C, which is stability of carboation. Stability order of carboation. Carboaton. Tell me my dear students, which is more stable carboation. Tell me the order.
stability of carboation that's all goc is done and dusted yes which is a more stable carboation how to do the stability or yes Yes.
ACB on what basis?
Now one more thing I'm adding to this last thing here after I won't add so don't scold me. not only aromaticity, resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect before that we need to check for back bonding stability that's all my dear students this is all about go so now onwards now onwards not only in term of neat examination need J means J advance any state level entrance center level entrance whatever the exam when you people are going and sitting if the question is about intermediate stability basic strength of amine or whatever it is. Remember mainly when it comes to intermediate stability, stability of carboation, stability of carbanion, which one we need to check back bonding stability, aromaticity, resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect. This we need to check for carboation and carbanion stability. Remaining everything is fine. Then what about free radical sir? For free radical resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect is fine. No need of aromaticity. It is clear anyhow free radical and all I will teach when it comes to hydrocarbon chapter mechanism sympathy as of now it is clear. So now onwards stability of carboation carbanion means we need to stick to what back bonding stability first you need to check then aromaticity then hyper resonance hyper conjugation inductive effect free radical stability only resonance hyper conjugation inductive effect basic strength of amine acidic strength of aromatic caroxilic acid other things everything stability of alken everything we need to check resonance hyper conjugation inductive effect dipole movement everything we need to check for aromaticity resonance hyper conjugation inductive It is clear.
Then now for this what will be the answer?
The stability order which is more stable?
P is more stable than A. A is more stable than B. How? First thing stability of carboation. I need to check back bonding stability. Carbon is having vacant orbital. This oxygen can donate its pair of electron. So then here back bonding stability is possible. So C is more stable. If I compare A and B here what is possible after resonance aromatic sorry after back bonding stability aromaticity. Here aromaticity is possible not at all. Next resonance here resonance is possible. Yes pi electron and positive charges separated by a bond. Resonance is possible A. Then last one is B. It is clear.
Everybody got the idea. How to solve the question? Is everyone got the idea my dear students? Yes, it is clear right?
Yes. Let me give some two more question with that I will wind up go. All the things will come under challenge question only.
sulfur with a negative charge, oxygen with a negative charge. Then so what I want you guys to find out means stability of carbanion.
Stability of carbanion.
Keep this as CA. Keep this as B. Keep this as C. Tell me my dear students stability of carbon.
Yes.
Yes.
Quick.
B is greater than A. A is greater than C.
Stability of carbanion. What order we need to follow?
Back bonding stability, aromaticity, resonance, hyper conjugation, inductive effect.
Don't forget.
Yes.
B A C B A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B A Okay, let me check first.
Tell me anywhere back first. What is the concept? We need to check back bonding stability.
Yes, sulfur it will be having vacant orbital. So back bonding stability is possible. Oxygen vacant orbital will be there nothing. So there is absence of d orbital. So automatically now what will happen? Any other effect is possible.
Oxygen will show minus I effect. Carban stability is directly proportional to minus I. Here nothing will be there. So A is more stable than B. B is more stable than C. So the order will be A B C. It is clear. Order will be A B C.
Yes, everybody getting an idea.
Everybody got the idea? Now the last one exception I want to give.
Last exception. Let me keep the question here. No problem.
So again I want you guys to tell the stability order. Now you people know all the approaches carboation is there.
So this is one structure.
Second structure carboation is there. This is the second structure. Keep this as A.
Keep this as B. Now the last structure.
This is C structure. Tell me the stability of carboation.
Tell me the stability of carboation.
Tell me the stability of carboation. My dear students.
Yes.
Stability of carboation.
Afternoon go small break sir.
Okay sure Shawani I will give small break before starting uh just not break off so much time just now lunch completed no just maybe 10 minutes I will give just for a refreshment C A B CBA what is happening tell me back bonding stability is possible no aromaticity is possible no now the question is all about resonance Resonance is possible my dear students.
Yeah, exactly resonance is possible with the help of resonance. If I'm checking how many resonance structures are possible for us, how many resonance structures are possible here?
So here two resonance are possible. Right? Here two resonance are possible. Here only one resonance. Here only one resonance.
So two resonance are possible. A is more stable. If I compare B and C after resonance hyper conjugation calculate number of alpha hydrogen here carboation is there pi bond is there. So which one we need to check? For carboation only we need to check right. So for carboation how many alpha hydrogen's are there? So here if I take how many alpha hydrogen's will be there? Two alpha hydrogen's are there. Here how many alpha hydrogen will be there? One alpha hydrogen.
Why sir? You are not considering this alpha hydrogen. What is the reason?
Alpha carbon should be sp3 hybridized.
Here which carbon I am having sp2 carbon. For sp2 carbon we should not check alpha hydrogen. So two alpha hydrogen one alpha hydrogen. Which is more stable?
A is greater than B. B is greater than C. A is greater than B. B is greater than C. It is clear.
Yes, everyone is getting an idea.
So as simple as that. So A is greater than B, B is greater than C. It is done.
So that's all about GOC. My dear students, suppose this is exactly called as cross conjugation. Extended conjugation. Extended conjugation. Cross conjugation means which one is more stable? Cross conjugation is sorry.
Extended conjugation is more stable than cross conjugation. This is cross. Here also one is possible. Here also one is possible. Extended conjugation means like this it will be there.
If I compare between these two, which is more stable? This one. Extended is more stable than cross. Remember that no cyclopent cyclopropenyl katiana dancing resin it is clear.
So this is all about go my dear students. Now I think classification at all you guys know very well right now let me give some question yes which of the following is plus R group question is which of the following is plus R group they are asking Okay.
Yes.
plus R group all of these SH because group attached to pi bond the first atom if it is having lone pair then automatically what we will be calling we will be calling it as plus M group Right.
Yes. So, option four is the correct answer. Option four is the correct answer. Next question. Which species is unstable by deoization?
Which specgy is unstable by deoization?
Yes.
Which species is unstable by deoization?
Yogesh sir from morning till now only organic chemistry but my thing Yogesh as what Yogesh is telling from morning nearly I think 6 hours yes exactly 6 hours is going to happen in 12 hours marathon 6 hours we spend for organic chemistry tell me my dear students spending time in organic chemistry you people got get clearcut idea or not if you are people watching recorded lecture also that's fine please do let me know in the comment section because periodic table atomic structure those things even you people know even it will take for me half an hour to discuss chemical bonding and all but still these are all very very important sure by 11 p.m. Complete 11th possible without some present. Yeah. Sure. Sure.
Maximum I will try to complete. I think now actually I can I feel I can skip hydrocarbon then we can start physical chemistry. Why I'm telling means now all these things completed. Even at least hydrocarbon if you are not completing also class 12th first organic chemistry chapter is aloane before that what organic chemistry chapter hydrocarbon I can start from hydrocarbon actually at least in 18th marathon. So that is the reason we'll see from morning Rushikesh didn't come to class now he's coming. So what is the correct answer which SPG is unstable by deoization?
Which one is not having cross conjugation? That's it.
So option C is the right answer. Option C is the right answer. How B will come?
Because here what is happening?
Resonance is possible.
Right here also lone pair will be there resonance is possible. Option C is the right.
Next correct increasing order of basic strength. Here after my students these question they will rock actually correct order of basic strength.
Increasing order they are asking increasing order.
Yes.
Finally, I'm happy. Yes, all the students can able to do well. Option A is the right answer. Yes, option A is the correct answer. Right. What effect will be there here in aromatic primary amine? We will be having SIP effect.
Aromatic primary amine we will be having SIP effect. Then so this should be least basic. Next question. Which of the following compound is not resonance stabilized?
Not resonance stabilized. They are asking yeah for Agra.
Which of the following compound is not resonant stabilized?
Yes.
Which one is not resonance stabilized?
Exactly. What is the correct answer?
Option C is the correct answer. Why people are confusing with C? Not resonance stabilized. So option C is the right answer. Not resonance stabilized is option C is the correct answer.
Then next question. Valence shell electron in carbon free radical is like this general question. Valence shell electron in carbon free radicals.
Hey now I won't check leader BMA because I'm not only solving question we are discussing the concept plus question.
So very simple question what is the correct answer? Option A is the correct answer. Who told option D? Carbon free radical. How many valence shell electron will be there? Seven valence shell electron will be there. Seven valence shell electron will be there. Next, which statement is incorrect?
Yes, very good question. Which statement is incorrect?
Yes.
Which is incorrect? Correct answer is option D is the right answer. Why option D? Because we know minus O is a plus R group because first atom is having a lone pair of electron plus M group. So option D is the right answer.
Correct order of bond length of C in following compound.
Correct order of bond length P for prit.
Okay sure Roshikkesh I will check after quiz.
Yes. Correct order of bond length of PCL in the following compound.
Yes. So which will be A is greater than B, B is greater than C. Yes. Exactly.
Why? Because we will be having resonance and all. So option A will be the correct answer. Option A will be the correct answer.
Next correct order of stability of following carbanion.
Yes, this much time nearly 6 hours. Yes, YouTube lecture also came 6 hours.
No no I don't want to reduce the time wrote Jim. Oh no my dear students he's asking us to reduce the time for the poll. I want you people to master the concept then actually even in my absence you people can able to solve question right? Yes.
Yes. Sup is telling answer as a D.
Yes. Yes. Yes.
Yes. Yes. Yes.
So what is the correct answer?
Correct answer is option A is the correct answer. Option A is the correct answer. Y N O2 is electron withdrawing group two. After that three after that what we will be having four and then one. This is very very important. Why?
Here we will be having only plus I but here what we will be having CH3 right. So option A is the correct answer. Next question.
Match the column one with column two.
Appropriate choice.
Okay.
Structure based question I think right.
Yes. Bond line that structure conversion question. Yes. Quick basics of chemistry six standard level question. Our luck actually we got six standard level question my dear students.
Yes.
Yes.
What exactly we'll be getting? A is having different value. A is actually matching with three. So A3 option A is the correct answer. Option A is the correct answer.
Next question.
Correct UPSC name. Oh, already we did this UPSC name. Which is correct statement about meiline? Yes. Once again from the basic concepts of chemistry quick organic chemistry which is correct about me.
Yes.
How many one degree it is having? This is 1°ree carbon.
This carbon is 1°. This carbon is 1°.
Now this is 2° carbon. This is 2° carbon. This is 2° carbon.
This is 3° carbon. This is 3° carbon.
This is 3° carbon.
It is aromatic.
It have 21 sigma and 3 pi. So when it comes to 21 sigma, 3 pi is correct. 21 sigma will be there. 3 + 1 4 4 4 8 12 After 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 after 18 we will be having nitrogen 19 no here hydrogen's will be there right no only one hydrogen will be there one hydrogen in all the cases one one hydrogen will be there what is correct about meline 21 sigma will be there hydrogen CH3 hydrogen CH3 hydrogen CH3 after solving big big question see this small question is making me to draw the structure So if you look carefully 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21.
Yes. 21 sigma and then 3 pi. So all of these is the answer. Option D is the correct answer. Option D is the correct answer.
Okay, next question.
The IUPT name of the following compound.
Yes.
Education.
Yes.
the IUPC name of the following compound quick my dear students we need to finish off this we need to start physical chemistry hydrocarbon it's fine because if I start hydrocarbon again two hours will go that is fine now upsc ism goc all this basic concepts be completed so 18th marathon when I'm starting for 12th class that time I will teach hydrocarbon hoorine like that complete organic chemistry we will discuss there okay now it's time to do this.
Yes.
What will be the correct UPSC name?
Quick.
So what exactly we'll be getting? What is the correct answer? Option D is the correct answer. Option D is the correct answer. N comma N 4 trimethyl hexane 3 amine.
Yes. So we need to choose the longest carbon chain in that give priority for the functional group. So automatically the numbering will be like 1 2 3 4 5 6.
So in fourth position we are having methile. In nth portion we are having methylmethyl but in third portion it is amine group. So n comma n for trimethile hick 3 amine. Option D is the correct answer.
Okay. So last question from organic chemistry. Identify the correct statement among the following.
Identify the correct statement among the following.
Yes.
Yes.
Then so the correct answer is option C.
That's all my dear students. It is clear. So exactly speaking.
Now next hydrocarbons. So hydrocarbons what I am planning to do is 18th we are having marathon right 18th class 12 marathon chemistry is there class 12 chemistry marathon that time I will do this hydrocarbon along with their remaining organic chemistry chapter is there alcohol phenol ether hoalk alkan haloine and then alihide ketone caroxilic acid amine those four important chapter alkan aloine alkal phenol ether alihide ketone caroxilic acid amine along with those four chapters I will be doing this hydrocarbon also on 18th don't forget Saturday before that 17th what I'm going to do I'm just going to do top 500 question because it is time consuming now if I start hydrocarbon night 11:00 will happen that's fine now till now please do revise all this organic chemistry whatever we did now the next thing so go also completed it is clear so I won't forget my dear students don't worry now Whatever the material you are having PW module or any other textbook, your school textbook, whatever you are having know PQS of J, J advanc UPSD isomeism, JC question try to solve you guys can able to do it. If you people are facing any difficulty, please do come and watch the lecture once again where exactly you people are struggling and then you can continue the things. It is clear. Now shall we move into physical chemistry part? Is everyone is ready for physical chemistry? Shall we start physical chemistry?
So in physical chemistry which chapter you want me to start first my dear students. So in the meantime I will show the leaderboard people are asking.
So this is only for this question it is asking. Oh my god leaderboard went because if it minimize actually it will go. Yeah. Now I will give short break but before that tell me now we are going to stepping into physical chemistry which topic you people want me to do when it comes to physical chemistry first which chapter we will start my dear students yes I'm giving break of 10 minutes please do let me know which chapter shall we start 1% redux another one thermodynamics equilibrium hey whatever you people are doing equilibrium sir Okay. So after break redux is very easy only balancing part is there. So I will start with equilibrium I am going to give the approach for all the pH calculation everything in a very precise way shortcut I'm going to tell after that thermodynamics this tabler column I will give redox balancing shortcut I will tell automatically you guys can able to do it. Yes, subarish and thermodynamics is very interesting. But still equilibrium also very high weightage. No, we will do these two charter in high priority before 7:00.
Okay, after the break. So let me give the break for 10 minutes.
So just go and come. We will continue with equilibrium and thermodynamics.
Okay, just 10 minutes my dear students.
Maxwell don't worry after this class now you just rewind and see the lecture automatically you will come to know how much we are putting efforts in organic chemistry in the same way you people will master physical chemistry don't worry Sir my mark came I got 493 in 10th very good very good mark yes it's a very great mark in 10th so in the same way I'm wishing you you need to study in 11th standard also. Now starting onwards and then I believe you would have heed I believe you would have heard about our batch also right Arjuna neat class 2027 batch so if you want to enroll enroll now so from day one onwards we will prepare for the competitive exam max and size center very good very good I'm very happy for you. Yes. Do it. Yes.
Yes. Sure. Now my blessings will be always there. Just do it. Okay.
Yes. Others. Now shall we start the class? Is everyone is ready? Everyone is ready. Now shall we start?
Yes.
Okay sure. So now first thing let me start with equilibrium. Now we are going to start with equilibrium. Followed by that I will be moving on into thermodynamics also.
Done. So the time is 5:30. My target is chapter one. It won't be like organic chemistry. No need to explain and all.
When it comes to physical chemistry, what is the main thing? We need to just remember the formula. If we know the formula, we can able to solve any question. If we know the formula, we can able to solve any question. So directly I just in a very precise way. I will explain the concept followed by that I will be giving the formulas. We are going to solve the chapter. All right?
But be ready to solve the question that is very important. thermodynamics don't worry it's just a simple table column with the tableabler column you guys can able to solve any questions okay first let me start with equilibrium so now I am slowly moving into physical chemistry yes always physical chemistry means I will be getting uh enthusiasm yes So the more dynamics as well as now the next is who redux is there.
Next we will be having oh my god where is yeah equilibrium right so when it comes to equilibrium we are having two things equilibrium means automatically we are having two things both chemical equilibrium as well as ionic equilibrium we are having both the things my dear students we are having both The things one is chemical equilibrium another one is ionic equilibrium. First thing listen carefully when it comes to chemical equilibrium what is the concept? Very simple.
We all know one thing clearly. What is basically equilibrium is all about? What is basically equilibrium is all about?
It is basically a stable state. If I want to create any disturbance in the equilibrium by increasing the concentration or decreasing the concentration of product or increase the temperature, what equilibrium will do?
It will act in a opposite way to nullify that effect. That is what exactly equilibrium is all about. One thing try to understand equilibrium is reversible in nature.
Equilibrium is basically a reversible process.
Also remember it is basically a stable state.
So stable state means at which all measurable properties becomes constant.
All measurable properties becomes constant. What are the measurable properties?
pressure, volume, color, all the parameters etc etc everything will become constant but understand one thing when it comes to chemical equilibrium it is dynamic in nature or static in nature means it is dynamic in nature what is the meaning for this dynamic in nature if suppose I am having a reactant reactant is in equilibrium with product. Imagine we are in the lab. We are performing one particular reaction where the reactant is in equilibrium with product. Both reactant and product is in equilibrium.
Whatever we are measuring pressure, concentration, color of the substance that will remain same. No change we will observe. That is the reason it becomes constant.
It indirectly all the values are become same. All the values are constant means shall we think the reaction is stopped or reaction is happening. What do you guys think? Understand one thing.
Equilibrium means yes reactant and product will be in equilibrium. Whatever we are trying to measure we will be again and again again and again we will be getting the same fixed value. But it doesn't mean that reaction is stopped.
Reaction is still happening. But what is happening for every mole of product getting formed immediately from that mole of product we will get back the reactant. Everybody is getting an idea.
Imagine from every mole of from every mole of product whatever every mo I will tell in this way. I will put it in this way for better clarity. For every mole of reactant from reactant only product is getting formed. Right? From reactant to only product is getting formed. For every mole of product getting formed from reactant immediately the whatever the mole of product is getting formed that will react back to give the reactant. So if we observe carefully in a fraction of second at what fast product is getting formed in the same speed product will decompose to give back the reactant.
So reaction is keep on happening. So that is the reason it is dynamic in nature. reaction is not stopped. For every mole of product getting formed immediately whatever the mole of get product getting formed, it will convert and give back the reactant. So this will be keep on happening. Reaction is not stopped. That's why equilibrium is dynamic in nature. Now we know very well how to write equilibrium constant from law of mass action from chemical kinetics in 12th class. Anyhow in Saturday class I will discuss this from if suppose A + B gives product how we will write uh let me write like this C + D.
This is actually called as a forward reaction.
This is exactly forward reaction. From C and D if we get A and B this is called as backward reaction. How to write law expression from chemical kinetics in 12th class? Rate is directly proportional to concentration of product raised to power of its stochometric coefficient. Alpha beta gamma delta a power alpha b power beta.
Now if I want to write for backward reaction how I can able to write rate is directly proportional to for backward reaction C and D is the reactant. So it is directly proportional to concentration of C raised to the power gamma concentration of D raised to the power delta. Now we need to remove the proportionality sign. If I remove this proportionality sign what exactly I will be getting? R is equal to KF into concentration of A power alpha B power beta. Here R is equal to KB into concentration of C power gamma D power delta. What is KF and KB? KF is nothing but rate constant of forward reaction. What is KB? KB is called as rate constant of backward reaction. This is called as rate constant of forward reaction. This is called as rate constant of backward reaction. Now since left hand side is same in both the case.
Here also we are having rate. Here also we are having rate. Now it is possible for me to equate left hand side and right hand side.
If I equate left hand side and right hand side what exactly we will be getting?
What we will be getting here? KF will be there. So automatically this will be equal to this one. So how I can write KF by KB is equal to concentration of C power gamma concentration of D power delta divided by concentration of A power alpha concentration of B power beta. Now understand one thing my dear students rate constant ratio of rate constant of forward reaction upon backward reaction that is nothing but called as equilibrium constant.
Everybody getting an idea? Everybody getting an idea? Yes, Mjit. Best teacher sir. Thank you so much. Slowly students will understand actually. So equilibrium constant rate constant. What is the relation? Equilibrium constant is nothing but ratio of rate constant of forward reaction upon backward reaction.
As simple as that. What is equilibrium constant? Equilibrium constant is nothing but ratio of rate constant of backward reaction upon forward reaction upon backward reaction. Thank you sir for your wonderful way of teaching and working hard for us. Thank you sir. Love from Punjab.
Okay. Thank you so much Mjit. It is clear. So equilibrium constant is nothing but ratio of rate constant of forward upon backward reaction.
Yes. Yes sa no problem.
it is easier to understand.
Okay. I am now I'm feeling happy. I I'm having the confident that whoever the student from morning listen the lecture for six hours to the straight. Now each and every one of you would have mastered a UPSC isomeism go. Now in the same way now we will master this equilibrium thermodynamics. This is the very big headache topic. I know very well. It is clear. Now this K we are having two way of representing the same thing we are having two way of representing this equilibrium constant. What are the two ways we can represent?
One is KC another one is KP. If suppose I am having the reaction let me take one reaction A + B gives C plus D. The same reaction alpha beta otherwise I will take in a very simple way alpha A it is in equilibrium with beta B. How to write KC expression? KC I can write like concentration of B upon beta upon concentration of A upon alpha.
How to write KP? KP means pressure exerted by gas molecule B to the power beta. Pressure exerted by gas molecule A to the power alpha. Now understand one thing my dear students this is very very important understand one thing when it comes to KC KP listen carefully KC KP KP is equilibrium constant in terms of pressure equilibrium constant in terms of pressure is equilibrium constant in terms of concentration KC is equil equilibrium concentration in equilibrium constant in terms of concentration. Now what will the what will be the difference between these two? What will be the difference between these two? Understand one thing my dear students usually KP KP is applicable for gaseous reaction.
Okay. Okay.
Joshua K. So if you look listen carefully pressure KP for pressure KC for concentration. If you listen carefully KP is for pressure KC is for concentration. Understand one thing if you are dealing with gaseous reaction for gaseous reaction can be represented in term of KP as well as KC also. But remember whenever we are dealing with aquest we can represent only KC. Why sir? If we are dealing with gaseous reaction, we can able to write as KC also. What is the reason behind that?
Because PV is equal to NRT.
From ideal gas equation, we know very well PV is equal to NRT. That is pressure is equal to N by V RT. Number of moles upon volume is nothing but concentration. Pressure is directly proportional to concentration.
Yes. So pressure is directly proportional to concentration. Since pressure is directly proportional to concentration, pressure can also be represented in terms of KC. But concentration can never be represented in term of pressure. Please do remember this.
It is clear. All right.
Done. Now what is the relationship between KP and KC? Now we understood what is equilibrium. Whether it is dynamic in nature or not everything with is clear. Now what is the relationship between KP and KC? KP is equal to KC into RT power delta NG. If delta NG value is zero anything but 0 1. So KP will be equal to KC. If delta NG value is negative then automatically what will happen?
KP is lesser than KC. If delta NG value is positive then KP is greater than KC.
How to calculate delta NG? What is the idea behind this? Very simple. How to calculate delta NG?
Delta Ng is nothing but number of moles of gaseous product minus number of moles of gaseous reactant.
So remember delta NG is applicable only for Rakkesh. Yes, very good evening. So when it comes to delta NG, it is equal to number of moles of gaseous product minus number of moles of gaseous reactant. So this is very very important. Apart from this the last topic one more thing understand if K value increases product will be more stable. If K value decreases, reactant will be more stable. Based on equilibrium constant value, we can able to tell which is more stable, which is less stable. In the same way, if I am having one equation, A gives B.
For this, it is K1. If I reverse this equation, B gives A, then new equilibrium constant will be the reciprocal of first one.
Next, to the same equation, A gives B. If I multiplying some number to the same equation, here I am doing the reverse.
Now to the same equation, I'm multiplying some number. So a a gives a b. Now what will happen? New equilibrium constant will be old equilibrium constant to the power a. If I am adding two equation, if I am adding two equation, for example, a gives b, c gives d. This is k1, this is k2. When I am adding a + c gives b + d. So what will happen to K3? K3 will be equal to K1 into K2. So these are all the applications of equilibrium constant.
You guys need to understand it is clear. Anybody is having any doubts?
Anybody is having any doubts?
Right?
So these things are very very important in exam point of view. These things are very important.
Then so remember first thing next I will go to lehatier principle then ionic equilibrium. So listen carefully when it comes to chemical equilibrium what we know it is applicable for reversible reaction. It is a stable state all measurable properties will be become constant but one thing we need to keep in mind what it is dynamic in nature and then equilibrium constant is nothing but ratio of rate constant of forward upon backward reaction. How to write equilibrium constant expression? Very important question paper setter may ask question. Next actually KC KP expression we know what is the relationship between KC and KP. KP is equal to KC into RT power delta NG. These cases are very very important. Apart from this this application of equilibrium constant.
This is also very very important in exam point of view. If I'm reversing the equation equilibrium constant will become reciprocal. If I'm multiplying some number that number will comes as a power. If I'm adding, I need to exactly multiply the equilibrium constant. If K value increases, product will be more stable. If K value decreases, reactant will be more stable.
Done. Now the next thing leavier principle.
Next is get ready to solve question. My dear students after discussing ionic equilibrium main thing what I need to discuss in this ionic equilibrium mean students are keep on asking me sir we couldn't able to identify the difference between salt hydrarolysis question and buffer question yeah so many students texted me in in telegram as well as they also connected me in call actually in WhatsApp why the confusion my dear students if you look one question whether the question is from salt hydrarolysis or buffer solution they can't able to find out that also I'm going to give the clarity in next 15 to 20 minutes that's all not more than that lie charter principle according to lilia principle what very simple if concentration of reactant increases if concentration of reactant decreases concentration of product increases concentration of product decreases the first one is based on concentration what will If reactant concentration increases, equilibrium need to decrease the concentration of reactant. When the reactant concentration will decrease, if forward reaction happening, I decrease the reactant concentration. Equilibrium need to increase the reactant concentration when it is possible backward reaction.
I am increasing the concentration of product. Equilibrium need to decrease the concentration of product. when the product concentration will decrease backward reaction in the same way I am decreasing the concentration of product equilibrium need to increase the concentration of product when concentration of product will increases forward reaction that's all my dear students this is all about concentration now pressure now pressure always remember do in this way I am increasing the Pressure from ideal gas. What we know? Pressure is directly proportional to number of moles. If I increase the pressure, number of moles increases. If I decrease the pressure, number of moles decreases. So what will happen? Equilibrium remember equilibrium I am increasing the pressure. So number of moles also increase. What equilibrium need to do? Equilibrium need to decrease the number of moles. So what it will do?
Means equilibrium shift towards less number of moles style I am decreasing the pressure number of moles also decreases. What equilibrium need to do? Equilibrium need to increase the number of mole. So what will happen?
Means equilibrium shifted towards equilibrium shifted towards more number of mole side. Equilibrium shifted towards more number of mole side. It is clear everybody is getting an idea.
Why sir you are not teaching like forward reaction backward reaction. We don't know. No in some reaction reactant side more number of moles should be there. In some reaction product side more number of moles will be there. We can't able to predict which side more number of moles will be there. It depends on each and every reaction. So better remember like this.
Yes. Yes. Exactly. That is what whatever we are doing equilibrium will react in a different way. Different way. That's it.
Now concentration pressure. After that what is there? Temperature. Temperature is another important parameter.
Temperature. Temperature means we will be having two reaction.
One is endo, one is exo. Endothermic reaction means what? Reactant plus heat will give product. Exo means what? Reactant will give product plus heat. Now we can easily able to guess I am increasing the temperature. I am decreasing the temperature. In endothermic reaction temperature is in which side? Reactant side. So automatically what will happen?
It need to decrease. So forward reaction. In exothermic reaction temperature is in which side? Product side. So that side increases means equilibrium will come in opposite side.
Temperature decreases. Endothermic reaction. What will happen? Exothermic reaction? Forward reaction. Endothermic reaction will be backward reaction.
It is clear right. Now the next thing addition of inert gas when it comes to addition of inner gas.
Understand one thing two things we will be having at constant volume.
My majority of the students will do this mistake.
They know everything. They clearly understand everything. But still in exam constant volume or constant pressure like that they will confuse. They will tell answer. Don't do that mistake. My dear students remember if I add inert gas at constant volume it has no effect in equilibrium.
only at constant pressure what will happen sir I text you 3 to 4 days ago still waiting your reply s in telegram oh my god see if I'm not texting students are connecting me in u yesterday also I spoke to nancy no maybe I couldn't see I think okay today I will check mom or else you can the same number only you can connect in WhatsApp also so at constant pressure at constant pressure what will happen I am adding inner gas so volume of gas will increase. Volume increases means pressure decreases.
Boil's law. But states of matters omitted from need. But we are having for advance. So that's fine. Now this is need class. So pressure is inversely proportional to volume. So when I'm adding inner gas, volume increases, pressure decreases. So pressure decreases. So automatically what will happen? Number moles decreases. What equilibrium will do?
equilibrium shifted towards more number of moles side. Equilibrium shifted towards more number of moles.
Clear? Anybody is having any doubts? So this is all about chemical equilibrium.
As simple as that.
Done.
As simple as that. This is all about chemical equilibrium.
Done.
Very easy. What is the basic characteristics? How to write law of mass action? What is the relationship between rate constant and equilibrium constant? How to write KC KP? Four concepts happen. After that KP KC relation, what will happen to delta NG different cases? Application of equilibrium constant. Apart from this leech at clear principle only eight concept in chemical equilibrium that's all. Anybody is having any doubts in this eight concepts?
Anybody is having any doubts in these eight concepts my dear students? Anybody is having any doubts?
Yes.
No doubts right? Clear? Now shall we move into ionic equilibrium? After doing ionic equilibrium together we will solve question. Okay. Yes. Now next is ionic equilibrium.
When it comes to ionic equilibrium, students are struggling in salt hydrarolysis and buffer action. Now you people will get the clearcut idea.
Ionic equilibrium.
No doubt sir.
Yes. Hashita.
Good evening. I'm not supposed to talk in any other language that's why I'm calling it. I'm telling you good evening. Okay. Ionic equilibrium. So first thing when it comes to ionic equilibrium what is the thing we know very simple pH calculation right so first thing pH is equal to minus log concentration of H+ P is equal to minus log concentration of O minus then always remember PH + P is equal to 14 at what temperature at 25° C then concentration of H+ will be equal to 10 ^ minus 7 concentration of O minus also will be 10 ^ - 7 at 25° C if PH + P is equal to 12 at 90° C then at 90° C concentration of H+ will be 10 ^ minus 6 concentration of O minus also will be equal to 10 ^ minus 6 Understand one thing my dear students. If I increase the temperature, what will happen to ionic product of water? It is decreasing.
It is clear.
Oh abs.
Oh yes. Very good evening my dear students. Very good evening.
Oh Rakkesh. Yes.
Serena good evening.
No but frequently. Why?
Yes. So remember pH is equal to minus log H+ and then P is equal to minus log H. pH plus P is equal to 14 at 25° C. PH plus P is equal to 14 at 25° C. PH plus P is equal to 12 at 90° C. If I increase temperature, what will happen to ionic product of water? Ionic product of water decreases and then yes healer is giving me fire.
It is clear. Now next question as we discussed in a very precise way the complete equilibrium lechard earlier principle application of equilibrium constant KPKC relation and then how to write uh rate constant expression all these things basic characteristics in the same way in ionic equilibrium the one thing what question paper setter may ask means so question paper setter may ask this direct question based on formula what are the other concepts we can ect. Yes. A2K sir. Very good evening. Very good evening sir. I hope sir is doing great. Nice to see you here sir. Yes sir is actually a motivation person. Sir is also a physics faculty.
I'm happy to see sir here in the comment section.
Yes.
So when it comes to this ionic equilibrium apart from pH where question paper setter can throw the question where question paper setter can frame a question. Just think my dear students where the possibility is there. Majority of the thing students are having problem is pH calculation salt hydrarolysis buffer solution. For these three things I am just going to give a shortcut. What I'm going to do for these three things I'm just going to give a shortcut.
Please do make a note of each and every point whatever I'm writing.
Okay. Okay. Sir is texting with the students there. Nice to see Manuk. Hi.
So when it comes to PH calculation understand this is very important.
Different cases will be there. Always we will be having different cases will be there. First case understand if the question paper set asking pH calculation for let me write like this because no confusions will be there. This is very very important.
PH calculation what are the different question we can expect means first thing they may ask to calculate pH for strong acid or strong base. They may ask us to calculate for strong acid or strong base.
Okay. So strong acid for strong base.
How we can able to calculate pH for strong acid or strong base? direct formula only we are going to use what is then pH is equal to minus log H+ but one thing we need to be very very careful here if H+ concentration is greater than or equal to 10 ^ -6 molar what in the given question if the concentration of H+ is greater than or equal to 10 ^ -6 molar then directly we can use the formula pH is equal minus log of concentration of H+.
If suppose If suppose whatever they are giving if suppose in the given question the concentration of H+ is lesser than 10 ^ -6 molar. If the concentration of H+ is lesser than 10 ^ -6 molar. So automatically what we need to do we need to consider concentration of H+ from water also remember my remember this point my dear students this is very very important. So concentration of H+ is lesser than 10 ^ -6 molar. So automatically if in the given question paper if you people are seeing concentration of H+ is lesser than 10 ^ -6 M then we need to include concentration of H+ from H2O Yes, it is clear what manuk what happened what you are texting.
So remember this this is very very important. If the question paper is asking us to calculate pH for strong acid or strong base right if suppose mixture of acids they are giving. Next case if they give mixture of if they give mixture of two strong acid strong acid plus strong acid then what is the formula we can use concentration of H+ is equal to acid right we will be having the particular volume particular marity and then N factor So marity of first acid volume of first acid into n factor of first acid plus marity of second acid volume of second acid n factor of second acid divided by total volume.
If suppose I am mixing two strong base then what will be the formula? Concentration of O minus will be equal to because base right. So we need to take O minus. So automatically what we will be having marity of first base volume of first base N factor of first base plus marity of second base volume of second base N factor of second base upon V_sub1 + V_sub_2. Now if I am mixing one strong acid and then one strong base.
If I am mixing one strong acid, one strong base. What is the first thing I need to calculate? I need to check which one is having more value of normality into volume. So automatically if you check carefully normality of acid volume of acid normality of base volume of base if acid comes greater means then we will take concentration of H+ if suppose normality volume base value comes out to be greater means then we will be taking O minus but what will be the general formula whether it is H+ or O minus we need to first take if acid is more means then we need to take acid. If base is more then we need to take base. It is clear.
Yes. For example if N a VA is greater than NB VB then what is the formula? We can write concentration of H+ is equal to marity of acid volume of acid N factor of acid minus marity of base volume of base N factor of base divided by volume 1 + volume 2. If suppose base value is more than acid value then what we will take base value is more no. So O minus is equal to marity of base volume of base N factor of base minus marity of acid volume of acid N factor of acid whole divided by V_sub_1 + V_sub_2. Everybody getting a clearcut idea on this.
Sir please consider in our backs marathon would be no no no no there I will be doing in a very different way yes exactly exactly everywhere I won't do in the same way other itself will feel bor right so when it comes to this particular channel I'm planning like first today class 11 chemistry it's going good even organic chemistry majority of the students got clarity then 17th Top 500 question of physics, chemistry, biology along with me Subraatar and then Aikam will be there.
We are going to solve 500 chemistry from physics, chemistry, biology and then 18th we'll be having chemistry marathon once again.
Fine. Yes.
Then so this is for mixture of strong acid strong acid strong base strong base or strong acid strong base. Remember my dear students when it comes to pH calculation we need to be very very careful. So, pH calculation strong acid strong base just do this direct formula.
But what we need to understand we need to check the concentration of H+ in the question paper. If the concentration of H+ in the question paper is greater than or equal to 10 ^ - 6 m we can use the same formula. If the concentration of H+ is lesser than 10 ^ - 6 m then what we need to do? We need to consider H+ from water. If you mix two strong acid this formula two strong base this formula strong acid strong base calculate the normality into volume acid comes means acid we need to put first base comes means base we need to put first base means O minus acid means H+ but in numerator minus sign in the denominator total volume yes definitely how one teacher will be doing like that the same thing if we are doing what is that not mix masala right yes I will be doing in a different approach. That's why even in normal class see uh don't my existing students don't confuse because we are already started solving advanced question from day one traveling with me is different right?
Yes. Rakkesh now I mean Bangalore.
You are from which place? Rakkesh.
Yes, it is clear. So, strong acid strong base mixture. After that, what are the other things the question paper setter can ask? Definitely question paper setter may ask on pH of weak monobasic acid or mono acidic base they may ask. Right?
So, let me start now. What is the next thing? PH calculation.
pH of weak mono acidic base or weak monobasic acid in a very simple way we can able to solve this also.
What is the formula we can use here? Any idea?
Oswwell dilution law concentration of H+ is equal to roo<unk> of K A into C or else pH is equal to half into pKa minus log C we can use half into pKa minus log C. If suppose instead of that if we are having pH of weak monocidic base means what base will donate only one O. In the same way monoasic acid means acid which will have only one H+ ion which will donate N factors one. That is what mono basic acid mono acidic base. But here my dear students this is very very important. PH of weak poly acidic base. The base which can donate more than one O minus ion.
Base which can donate more than one O minus ion. In the same way pH of weak polybasic acid.
Now automatically what we will be having? What is the formula? Polybasic.
The best example. Listen carefully. This is very very important.
H3 P4 first what it will happen it will donate one H+ it will become H2 P4 minus next what will happen this H2 P4 minus will donate 1 H+ it will become H4 2 minus now from H4 2 minus it will give 1 H+ and then it will become P43 minus Now for this what is the formula we can usually use to calculate pH? Any idea my dear students?
Understand one thing the same formula only applicable but here you guys need to understand since we are having three-step dissociation constant value for the calculation of pH. The same thing only we will be using. PH is nothing but half into pKa 1 minus log C formula is similar to mono acidic base mono basic acid only same formula but what is the difference when it comes to polybasic acid polybasic poly acidic base also we need to use only Ka1 value.
So what will be the concentration of H+ concentration of H+ also will be equal to root of K A1 into C. The same formula we need to use. If suppose then for what purpose Ka2 we are having sir understand one thing my dear students Ka2 value gives the idea of concentration of HP4 2 minus. If the question paper setter ask about concentration of P43 minus how we can able to calculate for that purpose we will be using Ka3 value that is K a2 into K a3 divided by concentration of H+ everything is clear. How to calculate TH bar?
Strong acid, strong base, mixture of strong acid, strong acid, strong base, strong base, strong acid, strong base and then weak mono acidic base, monobasic acid, weak poly acidic base, polybasic acid. Remember if n factor is more than one, what is the approach we need to use? We need to consider only Ka1 value for pH calculation. Ka2 will give the idea about concentration of HP42 minus. If I want to find out concentration of P43 minus, then I need to use Ka3. That is Ka2 into Ka3 divided by concentration of H+. It is clear.
Anybody is having any doubts?
Yes, it is clear.
Anybody's having any doubts?
Yes. Anybody is having any doubts?
No, right? So these are all the different pH calculation mixture they may ask in the exam. These are all very very important my dear students. These things done.
Now the next one is very very important.
What is that? PH of amphiprotic species.
Listen carefully. PH of amphiprotic species.
PH of amphiprotic species. What is amphirotic?
It can donate or it can accept. Right?
It can donate as well as it can accept.
Sir and batch notes enough for revision.
Yeah, it is more than enough Rajeshwari.
Yes, pH of amphirotic species. How we can able to calculate pH of amphiprotic species? Very simple. If I'm having the second step H2 P4 minus, what are the possibilities are there? What are the possibilities?
It can accept H+ or it can donate H+. If it accept H+, it will become H3 P4. If it donates H+ it will become HP4 2 minus. Am I right? So H2 P4 minus is a amphiprotic species. For this if they want me to calculate PH how I will be writing the value means K A2 + K A1 listen carefully. K A2 + K A1 divided by 2. In the same way if they want us to calculate another amphiprotic species HP4 2 minus what are the possibilities are there?
It can donate H+ and then it can become P43 minus or else it can accept H+ and then it will become H2 P4 minus. So in that particular case once again uh in that particular case if I want to calculate pH what I will be using means K a2 + k a3 divided by 2. Now one question will come for the students. Sir here you are using k a2 k a1 divided by 2. Here you are using here you are using k a2 plus k a 3x2.
What is the difference? Why you are using like this? Right. Everyone is getting doubt or not. What is the idea?
Why I need to use like this? Exactly.
Yes. Anybody?
Why I need to use like this? Very simple. Which one we are calculating my dear students?
We are calculating for H2 P4 minus. In this three-step where H2 P4 minus is there? H2 P4 minus is there in the second step. Then H2 P4 minus there in the first step. So that is the reason K A2 plus Ka1.
Here for what I'm calculating PH H P4 2 minus where H4 2 minus is there. It is in the third step as well as it is in the second step. So that is the reason K A2 plus K A3 divided by 2. It is clear.
Anybody is having any doubts?
Yes. What strong acid? What is the doubt? Two strong acid means first acid molecular marity volume n factor. Second as in marity volume n factor whole divided by v1 plus v2. That's it. As simple as that.
It is clear. So this is all about pH calculation.
So the last two concepts after that we will start solving question. What is the last two concepts? We are having salt hydrarolysis and then buffer solution. I am also going to give the idea what is the difference between both how to identify in the question that also I'm going to tell quickly make a note of this all the pH calculation this this mixture apart from this nothing they may ask only these things are very very important in neat level just directly remember the formula which as they are asking just substitute and go my dear students more than this nothing else is required quick please do make a note so that I will now I'm entering into very important Start salt hydrarolysis and buffer solution. Quick clear. All right.
Perfect. Now next is buffer solution.
Next is we are having before buffer I will do salt hydraysis.
When it comes to salt hydraysis tell me my dear students strong acid strong base salt will undergo hydrarolysis.
salt of strong acid strong base do not undergo hydraysis. First point please do remember this. Okay. Now I'm taking salt of type weak acid and then strong base.
Let me take salt of type weak acid strong base salt. Another one strong acid weak base salt. Next one is weak acid plus weak base salt. Directly remember acid is there weak acid. So automatically weak acid means it will be having Ka value. Weak base it will be having KB value. There weak acid weak base. So both will be having Ka as well as KB value.
Yes mirun very good evening so I will explain common ion effect it is just a actually I'm thought of explaining that in electrochemistry in 12th marathon but still if you want I will explain so weak acid strong base strong acid weak base and then weak acid weak base now weak acid strong base weak acid we are having. So this will undergo which hydraysis means this will undergo anionic hydraysis. Weak acid we will be getting annionic hydraysis. Weak base automatically which hydrarolysis cationic hydraysis. So there weak acid weak base what will happen? Both anionic as well as cationic hydrarolysis will happen here. Anionic hydraulysis which is strong base here we are having base is strong. So the resultant solution will be basic solution here which is strong actually we are having strong acid we are having. So the resultant solution will be acidic solution. When it comes to weak acid, weak base we will be having so we will be having almost neutral solution. We will be having almost neutral solution we will be having. Now since anionic hydraysis KH is equal to what is weak here? Acid is weak. So KH is equal to KW by K A.
Here what will happen? Base is weak. KH is equal to KW by KB there weak acid weak base. So what is hydrarolysis constant formula? KW upon K A into KB.
What is this KH? KH is called as hydraysis constant. KH is called as hydraysis constant. Now degree of hydraysis.
Degree of hydrarolysis H is equal to roo<unk> of K W upon K A into C. So automatically here what we will be having H is equal to<unk> of K W upon KB into C. Here h is equal to roo<unk> of K W upon K A into KB. What is this H? Now instead of writing here I will make this like a tableabler column for easiest purpose. I will write here separately.
What is KH?
Hydraysis constant. What is H?
H is called as degree of hydraysis. It is clear H is called as degree of hydrarolysis. KH is called as hydrarolysis constant. Now in the same way how to calculate pH value.
pH only is very important.
PH is equal to 7 plus what is actually we are dealing with weak acid strong base. Acid is weak right? So automatically what we will be having?
Acid is weak means we will be having everything positive value. 7 +/ into pKa plus/ into log C here strong acid weak base so what exactly we'll be having everything will be minus value pH is equal to 7 minus/ not pKa pKb minus log C here acid is weak base so pH is equal to 7 7 plus half pKa minus half pKb.
It is clear 7 +/ pKa minus/ pKb. So this is all about salt hydraulysis.
Done it. It is clear. So these are all the different salt actually we are having when it comes to salt hydrarolysis.
No one is going to ask us any theory part my dear students just these direct formulas are more than sufficient we can easily able to score marks.
So remember this pH formula. Now students are having one confusion.
Salt hydrarolysis also having pH. Buffer solution also having pH.
How it is possible to find out whether the given question in the exam paper is having one buffer or the concept is from salt hydrarolysis. How we can able to find out my dear students? Anybody can tell me. Now buffer actually I will give the formula that is not a big deal. Now tell me.
Yes. Yes. I'm happy to see Tarun Tiwari sir. Yes. Very nice to see you sir. Very nice to see you here. Yes. Yes sir.
Share the space with me in zoolology when it comes to other batch. I'm happy to see all the faculties actually here.
Very nice to see.
Yes. Tell me my dear students what will be the exact difference? This is very very main not only neat examination any state level entrance or central level entrance this is very very crucial. Why?
Because every student even the toppers are having confusion. If one question comes in the exam how exactly we can able to do it because even sometime we will face difficulty to identify whether I need to apply salt hydrarolysis pH formula or buffer solution pH formula.
How many of you are having that difficulty? My dear students, please do let me know.
How many of you are having that difficulty?
Yes.
How many of you having that difficulty?
Yes.
How many of you facing that difficulty?
Me. Yes. Other than Sabarishwar, who and all facing difficulty quicks also facing difficulty?
Yes.
Next.
Yes. Not the legendary me. Yes. Exactly.
other students because this is very very important class ending time. So I I started the class at 11:00 12 l is the maximum time but I completed organic chemistry UPSC go and then isomearism clearly along with question now we started this one physical chemistry so up to 11:00 whatever possible I will do balance we can continue with 18th class okay everyone is having this confusion right now let me give the clarity clarity listen carefully let me give the clarity when it comes to buffer Now you people understood what is salt hydrarolysis right it is clear what is salt hydraulysis we understood now when it comes to buffer solution when it comes to buffer solution remember one thing basically we will be having two different types of buffer am I right we will be having two buffers.
Generally we will be having what are the buffers we will be having? Buffers will be acidic buffer as well as basic buffer. Yes, we will be having acidic buffer as well as basic buffer.
Acidic buffer.
Basic buffer.
If I talk about acidic buffer, how we can able to define acidic buffer? Acidic buffer is nothing but weak acid plus salt of weak acid. Right? Otherwise, salt of weak base conjugate base that is nothing but plus weak acid strong base.
Very simple example. Hn is a weak acid.
So H+ will produce corresponding base is CN minus. So CN minus strong base will come means N A C N salt of conjugate base.
Salt of conjugate base. In the same way other example H3 BO3 right H3 BO3 so along with it Na2 B47 this will be the acidic buffer.
H2 CO3 Na CO3 this will be the acidic buffer.
H3 P4 plus Na H2 P4 this will be acidic buffer Na2 H4 that is HP4 2 minus so what I will be getting Na3 P4 right N A3 P4 along with this what next we'll be having RH plus R C N A this also is acidic buffer all examples I am writing don't take me lightly this is very very important HNO2 I will be having Na N2 all this comes under the category of acidic buffer if I talk about basic buffer what are the weak base we can take primary amine in the same way analine other than analine. We can take ammonium hydroxide.
This is weak base. So automatically what we can write here weak base plus salt of conjugate acid. That is weak base plus strong acid.
Salt of conjugate acid, right? Salt of conjugate acid. Now what are the things we will be getting? salt from strong acid we will be getting plus CH3 NH3 plus CL minus. So here what we will be getting NH3 plus CL base will accept H+ NH4. So what we will be getting weak base NH4 plus O minus. So automatically we'll be getting NH4 CL.
In the same way pyodine C5 H5N pyodine is an example of weak base. Please do remember pyodine is an example of weak base. So what exactly we will be getting?
C5 H5 NH Cl + H CL N + CL minus then once again weak base along with salt actually we can take right NH4 H plus NH4 twice SO4 these are all the example of basic buffer what is salt buffer What is exactly salt buffer? Salt buffer is nothing but weak acid plus weak base that is CH3 CO NH4. Salt buffer is salt of weak acid plus weak base.
Some level of difficulties. Now you people will get clarity. Don't worry.
Now understand. So acidic buffer basically this one this is basic buffer this is salt buffer. My dear students if you people look here carefully I given all the list of example. Now tell me in a buffer solution if the question paper question paper asking question what we will be having look the example in salt hydraysis if the question papers set asking pH what we will be having in the question paper tell me what exactly we will be having in salt hydrarolysis what we will be having in buffer solution question what we will be having I given everything now very easy to calculate pH tell me what we will be having my dear students what is the basic idea Sir please give notes PDF notes you will be receiving in WhatsApp now once the class get over uh back end team will share the notes in the WhatsApp channel.
So subscribe the WhatsApp channel. Don't forget.
>> Yes.
What exactly we will be having? Very simple. If the question is from buffer solution, we will be having both the components. We will be having salt as well as weak acid. We will be having salt as well as weak base. Both the components will be there in the question. If the question is from buffer solution. If the question is from salt only salt will be there in the question.
It is clear very simple. Now everybody got an idea how to find out the difference between salt hydrarolysis and then buffer in a question paper.
Understand one thing this is again very important in a question paper if both salt as well as weak acid salt as well as weak base if it is present then the question is from buffer solution. In a question paper in a particular question only salt is present then the question is based on salt hydrarolysis that's all my dear students it is clear so based on this we can able to solve the question buffer means both the components should be there definitely buffer means both the things will be there in the question paper salt hydrarolysis means hydraysis of salt only salt will be there in the question paper so with the help of that we can able to differentiate It it is clear with the help of that we can able to differentiate. It is clear then Havsana here you are added extra example you had given three only sir for did we need to memorize the extra one too uh it's not about uh memorizing better you know all the examples that is very very important because the spirit based example All these things are very very important.
Class 12 marathon is on 18th. 18th.
Class 12 marathon. Class 12 marathon is on 18th.
It is clear right.
And then before that 17 top 500 questions are there. So try to solve those questions also. It is very very important.
Then now shall we go and do some question?
Okay. Before that when it comes to buffer solution how to calculate the pH?
Here's an equation. pH is equal to pKa plus log of concentration of salt upon acid.
How to calculate p?
p is equal to pkb plus log of concentration of salt upon base. So this will be the pH and p value. this thing from where actually this is called as Henderson equation it is clear then yes sir now shall we start doing the questions now this is question time so before doing question I will explain one more thing buffer range So buffer range is very very important in exam point of view. How we can define buffer range.
Buffer range understand when the particular buffer is effective 1 by 10th of lesser than or equal to concentration of salt upon acid. this value will be lesser than or equal to 10.
This is very very important that is understand pKa minus1 lesser than or equal to pH. PH is lesser than or equal to pKa + 1. In the same way if I want to talk about base what we can write 1 by 10 lesser than or equal to concentration of salt upon base lesser than or equal to 10 that is pKb minus1 lesser than or equal to p lesser than or equal to pKb + 1. So this buffer range is very very important. For acid pKa minus1 to pKa +1 for base also pKb minus1 to pkb +1. What is the maximum buffer action?
Maximum buffer action is nothing but pH will be equal to pKa. When pH will be equal to pKa that is maximum buffer action.
Maximum buffer action pH will be equal to pKa.
Right?
Yes.
Now shall we start doing the question?
Yes. Is everyone is ready?
Yes. Shall we do questions? Okay. Before question, one more thing. Okay. Because these things are very important, right?
Not only buffer range, buffer capacity because question paper set anywhere they may throw the question. Buffer capacity represented by pi that is nothing but concentration number of moles upon volume divided by change in pH that is nothing but buffer capacity.
Buffer capacity number of moles is added per liter of the solution. Number of moles of H+ or O minus added per liter of the solution.
number of moles of H+ or O minus added per liter of the solution that is exactly called as buffer capacity.
Is everyone is ready to solve question?
Now shall we start question solving? So this is all about equilibrium. So when it comes to equilibrium Henderson equation for buffer buffer range buffer capacity in a buffer question means both the things we will be having weak acid salt or weak base salt will be there in salt hydraysis only salt will be there in the question based on that we can able to tell then pH calculation for amphirotic species weak mono acidic base weak monobasic acid weak poly acid base weak polybasic acid apart from that we are having pH calculation for strong acid strong base mixture of two strong acid two strong base or strong acid strong base with general formula. Then apart from this we know very well about chemical equilibrium that is leeria principle. Then how to find out delta ng kpkc relation. Then what is chemical equilibrium characteristics basic relation between equilibrium constant and rate constant. Now let me this is all about equilibrium my dear students.
Equilibrium is done and tested. Now shall we start the question so that after that thermodynamics is very easy.
I will just give one tab column we will start solving question. Okay. Yes. So first question for the day. Now let me take the poll. One second my dear students.
I need to take the poll.
Yes. One second.
Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes.
Yeah. P clear. Now shall we start? First question for the day. I want you guys to tell the answer very quickly. First question everything we discussed the equilibrium which is not affected by volume change at constant at constant temperature.
Yes.
The equilibrium which is not affected by volume change at constant at constant temperature.
Hello. Hello. Hello.
Hello. Hello. Hello.
No. Okay sir.
Yes. So what is the correct answer?
Yes. Please do let me know the answer for this matuma.
KP by KC is equal to 1. Option A is the correct answer. Option A. KP by KC is equal to 1. Another solid consider we should not consider the solid. Everyone is getting an idea. Yes, everyone is getting an idea. So understand one thing this is very very important.
Oh Sabarish what happened?
So that's fine. So understand when it comes to the first question here what is happening? This is solid. So automatically what we will be getting 1 minus one delta ng will be zero. So here also what we will be having 1 + 1 2 - 1 1 delta ng value is min - 1 here also delta ng value is zero in first and second one delta ng value is zero. So option A is the right answer.
Option A is the right answer. It is clear everybody is getting an idea.
Option A is the right answer. Next question. Yes. Let me see how many of you can able to tell. For the reaction, for the reaction, N2 gas plus O2 gas gives 2 NO gas. The standard free energy is greater than zero. The equilibrium constant A would be see in that how many students are feeling very happy.
Yes.
Tell me answer for this question.
Yes. What is the correct answer for this?
For the reaction, N2 plus O2 gas gives 2 N gas. Standard free energy is greater than zero. Equilibrium constant K would be what will be the K value? How anybody can tell the reason?
Anybody can tell me what is the reason?
Why D is the answer?
What is the reason? My dear students, why D is the answer?
Let me check.
for the reaction. So delta ng value what we know delta ng is nothing but zero.
Standard free energy is greater than zero. Equilibrium constant. What is the relationship between at equilibrium? We know delta G is equal to zero. What is the formula? Delta G is equal to Delta G + RT long K. So automatically delta G is zero means delta G KN is equal to - RT minus RT law K. So now the thing is delta G is actually positive. Delta G is positive then automatically lawn K will be K value will be negative. So option D is the right answer. Option D is the right answer. Just a mathematical expression.
That's all.
Yes. Next question.
When I2 dissociate to its ionic form, the following reaction occurs.
The reaction favored low temperature, high temperature, no change with the temperature, high pressure.
Yes.
Yes. What will be the answer?
Quick, quick, quick.
Exactly what is happening? They clearly mentioned delta H is positive. Delta H is positive means endothermic. For endothermic reaction, if we increase the temperature, what will happen? Forward reaction favors.
So they are asking when I2 dissociate its atomic form when this will be favored. So forward reaction when this will be favored at high temperature. So option B is the right answer.
Next question.
If the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2XY gives X2 + Y2 is 81, then what is the value of equilibrium constant for the reaction for this particular reaction? What will be the value?
Yes.
So as I told first thing what they got 2xy gives x2 + y2. They given value is 81.
First thing what they are doing reversing the equation. So first step they are doing reversing. If I reverse new thing will be reciprocal of first one.
Reciprocal of first one. After that after reversing what they are doing they are dividing by two. All right? So if you are dividing something multiplication means it will come as a power divide means actually it will come as a root right. So automatically what will be the answer? If it comes as a root.
Yes.
So if I divide by two then I will be getting a2.
Yes. Right. Right.
81 it will come as a reverse. then I am dividing by two.
If I divide by two, it will come as a root. But I will be getting uh yes. So automatically once again reciprocal 1x 81 if I take how it will become 1 1 by 9 should come. No, how it will become N brain only it's not working. Very sorry.
Very sorry. They are not even reversing left hand side. Left hand side no reverse. Only they are multiplying by 1 by two. So 81 to the^ 1 by 2. So automatically we will be getting n very sorry my dear students they are not even reversing just direct question. Option B 100%age.
Next question for a reaction 2 a + b gives 2 c 1.5 mo of a 1 mole of b are taken in 2 liter vessel. At equilibrium concentration of c was found to be 0.35 mole per liter. KC for the reaction. So like this direct question they may ask problem with the too much knowledge.
Hey Rushikesh for each and every question we can't able to see leaderboard right and then here what is the problem is if I minimize that it will go off. That is also another problem is there.
Yes, already it's time. We need to quickly move into thermodynamics, rid of atomic structure. I think in organic chemistry I think I need to continue in uh maybe Saturday class I feel.
So what will be the answer for this question?
Yes, option D. Yes, option D is the correct answer. But how to solve? Very simple. 2 A plus B gives 2 C.
They told for a reaction how many moles of A they are taking 1.5 mole of A in 2 L vessel. Here 1 mole of B in 2 L vessel here nothing will be there. So 1 by 2 that means 0.5 mole here 1.5 divided by 2. So 0.75 0.75 we are taking initially this will be zero after some time how much it is getting dissociated C was we will be getting C as 2X this will be 0.5 - X this will be 0.75 - 2X they told clearly at equilibrium 2X concentration was 0.35 5. If 2x is 0.35, then x value will be 0.35 upon 2. So x value will be 0.125.
One second.
Yes. 0.175.
So if x value is 0.175 automatically what we will be getting here x value we need to substitute automatically 0.5 minus 0.175 here 0.75 2x so minus of 2 into 0.175 is nothing but 0.35 so here we will be getting 0.4 4 moles of A will be there. So 0.4 moles of A.
Here how much we will be having? 0.5 minus 0.175.
So 0.325 0.325 we will be having this how much we are having equilibrium 0.175.
Now automatically by using KC they want us to find out. So we can able to find out AC equal to concentration of C² 0.175 squared divided by A² that is 0.4 squared into B that is 0.325.
Now 175 how much time will come?
If we solve this automatically we'll get the answer. Yes. So this is the way we need to approach this question. So if we solve this automatically we will get D as the answer.
It is clear my dear students. Anybody is having any doubts here?
Yes.
Yes. Anybody's having any doubts?
So like this we can solve this question.
So automatically we will get the answer.
Next question. Which of the following is not a conjugate acid base pack? Which of the following is not conjugate acid base pack?
Yes.
Which of the following is not a conjugate acid base pattern?
Yes.
Which of the following is not a conjugate acid base pair?
Very simple understand from now onwards what is the idea conjugate acid base pair how we can define it will differ by one hydrogen basically it differs by one hydrogen. So here in everything we are having difference of one hydrogen. No here 3 - 1 2. So option D is the correct answer.
So option D is the correct answer.
Option D is the correct answer.
PH of yes I told clearly how to solve these type of questions. Right. weak monobasic acid. What is the formula? We know pH is equal to/ into pKa minus log C. Or else concentration of H+ is equal to roo<unk> of K a into C. They are asking K A. So Ka will be equal to oh Ka into C^ 1 by 2. Right? Yes. So now we can able to do pH of.1 mar solution of weak monobasic acid is three. pH value is 3. PH value is 3 means concentration of H+ will be 10 ^ -3 10 ^ -3. So 10 ^ -3 is equal to roo<unk> of k a into c. What is the value.1?
So how we can able to solve? we can square on both the sides. So 10 ^ minus 6 is equal to K a into 10 ^ minus1. So K a is equal to 10 ^ - 6 / 10 ^ -1. If 10 ^ -1 comes to the numerator + 1. So automatically k a value will be 10 ^ - 5. Now you people are getting an idea how direct question. The thing is we need to remember the formula.
Yes, it is clear.
Next question.
PH of which of the following solution is affected by dilution?
pH of which of the following solution is affected by dilution?
Yes.
Yes. Quick. Oh, 8 hours completed. Okay.
After solving this question, I will give uh dinner break. After that, I will start doing maximum things. How much we can able to complete today?
I think at least if I tell the concept, you guys can able to solve the question.
I feel sometime like that.
Yes. Yes. Yes. Quick.
Why C my dear students?
Why C? What is the reason?
Why C exactly? What is the reason behind it?
Yes.
Yes. Why it is C? What is the reason?
I'm giving this question as the homework. I want you guys to solve and let me know in the normal class. Okay.
Next class I will be asking this question. Whoever if you people are seeing as a recorded video also I want you guys to make a note of this. Okay.
Take this as a homework question.
So next question.
Yes.
Which of the following salt undergo anionic hydrarolysis? The last question I will just give dummy answer. Yes.
Which of the salt undergo anionic hydraysis?
Which of the salt undergo anionic hydraysis?
Which one will undergo anionic hydraysis?
Anion will come from acid. So automatically weak acid strong base right. I told clearly once again I will uh take that and then I will show you guys.
So weak acid strong base will undergo anionic hydraysis. Now automatically tell the example my dear students. Weak acid strong base which one will undergo anionic hydrarolysis.
Weak acid strong base. So automatically option C is the right answer. Option C is the right answer. Next question.
A solution is called saturated.
When we will be calling the particular solution as saturated solution.
When we will be calling particular solution as saturated solution.
Yes.
When we will be calling particular solution as saturated solution.
Sure.
others.
So what is the answer? Now onwards please do remember option C is the right answer. If product of concentration of ions is equal to solubility product then it is called as saturated solution. Very very important in a type question we can expect this. Yes.
Now resulting solution pH they are asking mixing what they are mixing pH of.1 m strong base is added to 50 ml 0.2 2 molar formic acid. So weak acid pH of resulting solution pKa they given. Now tell me yes.
Hey what about uh our respected zoolology sir what he's doing?
I think all students are here only.
Yes. Tell me my dear students. Weak acid strong base.
Quick, quick, quick.
Which formula you people are using?
Tell me which formula you people are doing.
Yes.
Sir legends B for biryani.
Yes. Tell me my dear students.
weak acid strong base what exactly we will be getting weak acid strong base pKa value is there so pH is equal to pH is equal to 7 + half pKa weak acid so plus log C so what exactly we will be getting ex pH is equal to pKa plus log of concentration of salt upon acid. Where here concentration of salt is there? Where exactly concentration of salt is there? So if I use this formula 7 +/ pKa that is 2 plus log C concentration what we are having.
So concentration once again. Once again once again once again.
Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes.
Yes.
Concentration of salt weak acid strong base. No. Yes. Which formula we need to use my dear students? Quick.
That's what I'm thinking. Uh yes. So option B will be the correct answer. So calculate and tell what is the formula.
pH is equal to pKa plus log of concentration of salt upon acid. So pKa value we know log of concentration of salt from this how many moles of salt will be getting formed. So that is what we need to calculate right. So first number of moles of KOH we can able to find out then number of moles of formic acid we can able to find out then automatically moles of salt from form that is sodium formate not sodium potassium formate how much potassium formate will be formed that is also we can able to find out it is clear so this is strong base whatever the concentration is there that will be the concentration of salt right so option try to solve This option B will be the right answer. Automatically we'll be getting option B as the right answer.
Just use this formula. It is clear my dear students.
Right? Now it is clear. So when it comes to other questions also try to solve in the same way because if you are again keep on solving question things will be that's all time will be done and dusted.
Now quickly let me give the other concepts also because we need to finish the class only two to three H is there only three H is there for me so I will try to give all the concepts quickly okay so that you guys can able to practice the question now let me give the dinner break up to 7:45 after that what I'm going to do means I'm going to start with thermodynamics just directly I will give the tablet column redux I will tell the shortcut Cut to balance after that atomic structure graph formulas I will give chemical bonding exception I will give periodic table I believe you guys can able to do we can solve question nothing is there exception if possible I will give the trends then mole concept okay how fast is possible we will do otherwise what we can do in Saturday class we can continue this also definitely hydrocarbon I will continue in the Saturday class in the same way we can continue okay so just I will give 30 minutes break so meet you at 7:45 or 7:50 my dear students please do come.
Yes. So after that till 11:00 we will start discussing the things. Okay. Yes.
After break see you guys. We need to start with thermodynamics.
Hello hello hello. Yes.
So hello students. So shall we continue?
I hope everyone is ready.
Yes.
So shall we continue once again the last so three h we are having right. So how fast how efficiently we are going to use this last the final lap 3 hours that is very very important my dear students. So when it comes to today's session, yeah class 11 complete chemistry we planned we already done and dusted up isomeism goc in a very very precise way. We completed everything organic chemist chemistry one chapter spending that is hydrocarbons. So don't worry about hydrocarbons. We will discuss this in detail when it comes to Saturday marathon along with class 12. Anyhow class 12 is having a number of organic chemistry portion. So along with that we can able to solve hydrocarbons. Now when it comes to physical chemistry. So when it comes to physical chemistry already we completed the equilibrium. Majority of the students are facing difficulty when it comes to buffer and salt hydrarolysis. Now I strongly feel each and everyone will be having clearcut idea how to differentiate. If the particular question comes in front of us in the exam hall, how to differentiate whether this question is from buffer solution? This question is from salt hydrarolysis. Now I believe strongly you guys can able to differentiate that. Now I am moving into thermodynamics, redux and then atomic structure. So how fast I'm just going to question solving. Now what I am going to do is since we are running out of time the last 3 hours of session before getting into question I'm just going to complete the very important thing thermodynamics tableler column redux balancing part and then atomic structure quantum mechanical graph because these things are very very important if you know these things automatically you guys can able to solve any question in exam automatically you guys can able to solve any question even in Saturday class I can bring some question based on this it will very useful. So chemical bonding, hybridization exception, periodic table trends and exception. I will try to cover everything my dear students. So that at least question part we can discuss in Saturday class. All right. So is everyone is ready for the last three?
Last three of marathon. Is everyone is ready my dear students? Shall we start?
Yes. Perfect. Now let me continue with thermodynamics. Majority of the students are feeling thermodynamics. Why? Means when it comes to question solving, when it comes to question solving, majority of the students will always feel difficult. They will tell sir I can't able to differentiate between I can't able to differentiate between physics thermodynamics and then chemistry thermodynamics. So first thing what I want to tell is in physics what is first law of thermodynamics? Delta U is equal to Q minus W.
But in chemistry first law of thermodynamics deltaU is Q + W. So remember one thing in chemistry in chemistry work done on the system let me write like this so that you people will get an idea work done on the system is positive in chemistry but in physics work done on the system is negative.
work done on the system is positive in chemistry. In physics, work done on the system is negative. So this is the very very simple difference. If you people know everything in physics that is fine only change the sign convention for work done. Everybody is getting an idea. So just s change the sign convention.
Now when it comes to this chapter one thing understand the question solving approach directly I'm coming to the point I'm not beating around the bush directly I'm coming to the point in a very precise way listen carefully this will really help you people to solve question thermodynamics everyone all students all over India everyone know what is system what is surrounding what is state function what is path function what is isobaric process what is isothermal process isocoric process The a diabetic process everything we know but still we can't able to solve question why what is the reason 200% numericals will come in that numericals also sometime we can able to predict we can expect question from reversible isothermal expansion am I right or not we can able to predict the question will come from reversible isothermal expansion but what is the problem is we can't able to solve that questions. So now I'm just going to give one tableabler column with the help of that you guys can able to solve any question. Basically if you take thermodynamics what they may ask they will ask us to calculate heat work done internal energy enthalpy or automatically what they may ask entropy only these things even question paper set no these things they will ask us to calculate for different different process so what I am going to do means I'm going to list out all the process for each process what What will be the work done formula? What will be the heat? What is the formula to calculate internal energy? What is the formula to calculate enthalpy in a very precise way? I'm just going to give. Now tell me if I give like that it will be very easy for us to solve the question. So in exam by looking at the question once we can able to decode the process automatically. If they ask work down also, if they ask heat, if they ask internal energy, enthalpy from the table column, easily we can able to take the formula. We can substitute in less than 30 seconds. That's all. So this tabler column is very very important. My dear students, please do make use of this one tableabler column. This one tabler column will be really helpful for you guys to solve any question from thermodynamics numericals.
So first since I was talking about abler column what are the things we will be having? First thing is process. What are all the different process we will be having? Next what is the formula to calculate work done. Next what is the formula to calculate heat. Next change in internal energy change in enthalpy.
Now listen carefully.
This is going to be very very important.
Yes, it's clear.
Yes.
So process work done internal energy enthalpy and then Q. How we can able to calculate?
Very simple thing is first what are all the different processes there in thermodynamics? What are the different process we are having? First process is reversible isothermal process. If the question paper is if in the question the particular question which is asked in the question paper is all about reversible isothermal process or else it can be irreversible isothermal process or the question paper setter may ask about isobaric process or they may ask about isocoric process or question can be from reversible a diabetic process or else question will from irreversible a diabetic process or finally the question can be from cyclic process. The question can be from cyclic process only. These are all the different different things we are having right?
Yes, everybody is getting an idea. Now understand one thing this is very very important.
If you consider here my dear students, if you consider here reversible isothermal, irreversible isothermal, isobaric, then isocoric, reversible adiabetic, irreversible adiabetic, cyclic process.
First thing, if the process which is asked in the exam is reversible isothermal, then what is the formula we can use to calculate work done? If question paper set asking about work done then use the formula W is equal to minus N RT law V2 by V1. We know law is nothing but 2.303 log or else what is the formula we can use W is equal to minus NRP lawn P1 by P2 because pressure is inversely proportional to volume. When it comes to reversible isothermal process, deltaU will be zero, delta H will be zero, Q will be equal to minus W. If we talk about irreversible isothermal process, then what is the work done formula? W is equal to minus P external V_sub_2 minus V_sub_1. Otherwise I can do like this. What is V? From ideal gas equation P V is equal to N RT. So V is nothing but N RT by P. So only pressure will be difference. So W is equal to minus P external pressure N RT by P2 minus N RT by P1. Remember if I use this expression external pressure value is almost similar to P2. Once again for irreversible isothermal process also Q value will be minus W delta U will be zero delta H value will be zero. It is clear delta U will be zero delta H also will be zero. If the question paper set is focusing on isobaric process then what is the formula we need to use? The same formula isobaric process means what? Change in pressure will be constant. So once again we can use W is equal to minus P external V_sub_2 minus V1 or else the same formula we can able to use. So remember one thing my dear students this is very very important. So since it is isobaric process what is the one more expression we can write W is equal to minus NR deltat T minus NR delta T. Now what will be the Q expression and then internal energy enthalpy constant pressure we know very well heat at constant pressure is nothing but enthalpy. So delta H is equal to NCP DT otherwise I will write it as delta T.
So this is nothing but QP. So in the same way delta U is equal to NCV delta T. Here once again QP value QP will be nothing but NCP delta T because QP delta H both are same NCP deltat T. We can use this formula easily we can able to calculate it is clear everyone is getting the idea how to solve the question. So now what is your duty? Yes like this I'm going to give for all the process now. Now now what is your duty?
Just read the question identify which process is asked. Once if we know the process this chapter column will be there in our mind automatically we can able to solve the question. Once again I'm telling my dear students it's not about memorizing the steps. In chemistry it's all about understanding the things.
It's all about getting familiar with the things. It's not about memorizing. I will always tell this thing each and every class. In chemistry it's not about memorizing. It's all about getting familiar with the things. Now the next process isoric process delta V will be zero. So once again isoporic process means constant volume. So automatically work then will be zero. What will be the Q value? Constant volume that is nothing but QV is nothing but deltau. NCV delta T. So QV is nothing but NCV delta T.
What will be delta H? Delta H will be equal to NCB delta T. Next reversible a diabetic process. For reversible adi a diabetic process what is the formula reversible? So work done will be given by the formula n r t2 - t1 upon gamma -1. What is gamma cp by cv ratio? Or else we can use the formula ncv deltat t. Or else we can use the formula ncv delta t for reversible a diabetic process. What is the one more expression? We know q will be zero.
Q will be zero. Deltau formula will be to calculate ncv delta t. To calculate delta H in reversible a diabetic process it is ncp delta t. Now for reversible a diabetic process q value is zero. That means what we can able to write pv ^ gamma is equal to constant. PV ^ gamma is equal to constant. That means TV ^ gamma -1 is equal to constant. T V ^ gamma - 1 is equal to constant or else P ^ 1 - gamma P ^ 1 - gamma T to the power gamma is equal to constant. Everyone is getting an idea. If the question paper set is asking about irreversible adiabatic process then what formula we can use? The same formula we can use my dear students everybody getting an idea.
So work done in irreversible also n R T2 minus T1 upon gamma minus1 the same formula we can use or else NCV delta T when it comes to Q once again what we will be having Q value will be zero since irreversible A diabetic process what is the expression we will be having NCV deltaT is equal to P external Delta V. NCV delta T is equal to P external delta V. We can use this formula.
Let me move little bit. Yeah. Yes.
Perfect. Now what is the formula to calculate delta U and delta H? The same formula we can use. DeltaU will be deltaU is equal to NCV delta T. Delta H is equal to NCP delta T. The same formula we can use for irreversible adiabetic process.
It is clear everything is done. Now the last one cyclic process. For cyclic process what are the things in cyclic process? Remember all state function in cyclic process all state functions is equal to zero. So automatically delta U will be zero. Delta H will be zero. Q will be equal to minus W. What about W?
Very simple. It depends on the work done. If clockwise loop is formed means then work done is negative. If anticlockwise loop is formed means work done will be positive.
Right? Work done is nothing but area enclosed in PB diagram.
Work done is nothing but area enclosed in PB.
Now tell me my dear students that's all nothing other than this. Hi sir. Hi Shiva Praash soul of medical. So that's all my dear students. It is clear.
Okay no problem Shiva Praash. How you performed your mock test? How much you scored? That is what I'm very eager to know. I will be happy if you tell 160 plus or 170 plus in chemistry.
So this is very very important. It is clear everybody getting a clearcut idea.
So with the help of this simple table column we can able to solve any question in exam point of view. Then one tableabler column is more than sufficient.
Okay. 595.
Okay.
Done. It's all about 595. 595. So we can improve.
But still don't worry. Where and all you are losing mark. No, please try to focus on that because exam is approaching. No less than 20 days we are having.
Yes. 141 in chemistry. Careless mistake.
That is the reason. practice more and more. Okay, please be very serious. Last less than 90 days. So please be very careful. Don't waste your time. Practice more and more question. Yes. So when it comes to thermodynamics, my dear students, remember what is the question solving approach. Hereafter this is the thumb rule we are going to follow to solve thermodynamics question. Read the question. Identify which process.
If we know the process, then remember this chapter column. Maximum what they will ask? Delta U they may ask or delta H they may ask or heat or work 10 out of these four any one thing only question paper setter will be asking but majority of the students don't aware of this table column they couldn't able to recollect the formulas no need of any derivation nothing just I given direct formula direct part in one simple table column it is clear fine now shall we move further one more thing sir gives free energy spontaneous and all you people would have studied.
Now what is the other thing? Entropy related problems in exam if entropy related problems comes how we need to solve the question for entropy because I didn't give the tabular column entropy right now for entropy I'm going to give separately please do listen carefully for entropy when it comes to entropy how we can able to do very simple Understand when it comes to entropy the same way what are the all the formulas we will be having means first let me give the idea on general formula.
What is the general formula for entropy?
It is very simple. Listen carefully.
Delta S is equal to N CV lawn NCV lawn tsub2 by t1 plus n r lawn v_sub_2 by v_sub_1 this is the general formula one more formula is there constant pressure ncp lawn tsub2 by t1 plus n R lawn P1 by P2. This is the general formula to calculate entropy. Now whatever the question question paper set is asking I will be solving all the question based on these two formulas only. I will be solving all these questions based on these two formulas. What are those two formulas? Listen carefully. If it comes about isobaric process question paper set is asking isobaric process. Now I need to calculate delta S. Isobaric process means what? Constant pressure.
When it comes to constant pressure it is possible for me to use this formula. No pressure is varying. Where constant pressure is there? This one. So delta S is equal to NC cong.
From general formula I will take only this part. Now tell me if the question paper set is asking for isocoric process from the general formula which part you people will take isocoric process means volume constant where volume is constant nvon ts2 by t1. So exactly I will use this formula delta s is equal to ncv lawn t2 by t1 that is for isocoric process.
Next other than isobaric isocoric process what question paper setter can ask isothermal process because these are all things very very important.
Isocral process we know very well in isothermal process what is constant delta t is equal to0 isocoric delta v is equal to z isobaric delta p is equal to z am I right now if you listen carefully in isothermal process temperature is constant when temperature is constant do you guys think I can able to use these two expression I can't able to use these these two expression. Now I'm left with only these two expression according to the given data. I can use delta s is equal to n rlon v_sub_2 by v_sub_1 or I will use ns is equal to sorry delta s delta s is equal to n rlon p1 by p2 from this general expression I will be using the all the expression whatever is required. So the basic idea is general expression. If you remember this expression, it will be very easy for us to solve the question.
Done. Now if suppose the question is all about irreversible process. The question is all about irreversible a diabetic process. That is very important. No.
If the question is all about irreversible a diabetic process then which formula I will use to calculate change in entropy just use the general formula according to the given data use the general formula sir if they ask about reversible a diabetic process then what is the formula I am praying to the god question paper set Need 2026 need to ask reversible a diabetic process. Question paper need to ask each and every one of you to calculate delta S. Why? Time in reversible a diabetic process delta S is nothing but zero. In reversible a diabetic process delta S value is zero.
It is clear as simple as that. That's all my dear students. If you people know this definitely numericals is not at all tough when it comes to thermodynamics.
Then anybody is having any doubts how to use this formula. So what you guys need to do means what I'm expecting from each and every one of you is try to take print out of this tablet column. Once class get completed I will share the notes in the WhatsApp group. Try to take print out of this particular tablet column. So automatically things will be getting into your mind daily if you see the like how we are seeing Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp like that daily if you look into this tabular column automatically it will be registered how it is memorized for me in every class I will be giving. So automatically in the same way things will be memorized for you guys. It's not about memorizing in chemistry it's all about getting familiar with the things always please do keep this in mind. Okay. So other than this all the basic terminologies everything you people know spontaneity criteria everything where student are struggling in thermodynamics means if particularly question paper set is asking which one of the following is extensive property everyone will answer because all faculties are teaching not only I am not only the exception to teach everyone is teaching everything but when it comes to numerical everyone is struggling so to avoid that stick to this table column so inform your friends also please don't be selfish because this last 15 to 16 dig is very very crucial my dear students. So with the help of this tabular column we can able to solve any question we can able to solve any question it is clear. So once again I'm telling from these process we are having only seven process definitely from this seven process only numerical will come in that numerical particularly they will ask us to calculate work done then heat or internal energy or enthalpy. So every data is available here. No need to waste time. Less than 30 seconds just substitution. Entropy once again for entropy isobaric isocoric isothermal or irreversible adiabetic reversible adiabetic only five to do all these five process numerical what we need to remember only this general formula. If I remember this general formula, how exactly I took the datas from this general formula. I wrote this in the same way you guys can able to do that is also very good idea. Put this table in phone wallpaper automatically things will be memorized.
Yeah, very tough formula, right?
Reversible a diabetic process. Please pray to God. Let let the question by present ask this.
Okay. Done. Thermodynamics. That's all my dear students. Now shall we move into redux?
Shall we move into the redux?
Yes. Let me check any good questions are there otherwise anyhow you people will get this right. So after once again revise the theory and try to solve the question or else don't worry I will include all this question in our 18th class.
already periodic table is there sir.
Okay. So now redux reaction in redux reaction what is the problem for the students means balancing part before I'm giving the idea on balancing tell me honestly really how many of you are having the problem in balancing the equation quick tell me my dear students how many of you having the problem In balancing the equation what is required in a very precise way I'm giving you guys can able to see that yes what is required for us that's all unnecessary things and all not at all required yes balancing understand only one thing when it comes to balancing part no one is we are not going to write theory exam to check whether the question paper setter will ask us uh write the step involved in balancing redux reaction by oxidation number method. Write the step involved in by balancing with the help of the method ion electron transfer method like that no one is going to frame the question gamer sprint titration issue that I will teach in class 12th 18th marathon I will teach don't worry now today 11th right yesni krishakumar here also t students wherever I am there I I think you people will be there. I'm happy for that to see all my students.
Okay. So when it comes to balancing these type of competitive exam stick to oxidation number method.
Why I want to exactly tell this means majority of the students sir will you take classes in yakin neat English batch sir yes it's not only for locini whoever listening to the class I just want to tell I will be handling yakin neat English batch as well as lakshia neat English batch arjuna neat English batch I will be the chemistry faculty Then so when it comes to balancing oxidation number method think my dear students tell me when it comes to oxidation number method if you look at the if you look into the NCERTT textbook all different different stories will be there okay NCERT is the confusion if you see YouTube means one one person will teach in one one way so now it's like a one-stop solution I'm just going to give certain set of rule even my existing students knows that very well. Now I'm going to give please do remember that that is more than sufficient. It is one of the very easy method. I will be giving challenging question also. Done. Now shall we start redux reaction?
Yes. So first when it comes to balancing redux balancing Redux per reaction.
Stick to oxidation number method.
Oh, I have enrolled there sir. Yakin English 2027 are very lucky sir.
Yes, please do. Please do send the question. No problem. You can just uh paste the question in the comment section. Yes, Loc.
Yes, we will rock. Don't worry about anything. From day one, we will be having one and a half hour class. That two, it's a batch class. No disturbance, nothing. I will be putting all my effort. I will try to make all India rank one from that batch. That is my target this year.
Okay. So, balancing redox action.
Remember when it comes to balancing redux reaction which method we are going to follow oxidation number method honestly I'm telling whatever let the question be we can blindly follow oxidation number method remember when it comes to this oxidation number method two things we will be having acidic medium basic medium what is the rules understand acidic medium basic medium now the question will come sir how to identify Try acidic medium and basic medium.
Yes. What is the doubt in this mirror?
Now acidic medium basic medium. First step acidic medium how we will identify in the question?
In the question H+ will be given.
In the question H+ will be given in the same way or else in the question O minus will be there. If in a given question H+ is there then it is for acid. If in a given question O minus is there then it is for base. If you look carefully for acidic medium what is the simple rule we can follow? Means first thing calculate oxidation state. First step what we need to do calculate oxidation state. After that calculate change in oxidation state.
Next step balance all atoms except oxygen hydrogen.
Once again what we will do cross multiply the change in oxidation state. Once again we need to balance all atoms except oxygen hydrogen. Now what is the next step? We are discussing about acidic medium. So first step what we will be balancing oxygen. Oxygen will be balanced by adding water molecule on deficient side.
on deficient side. Next hydrogen will be balanced by adding H+ on deficient set. This is for acidic medium. This is for acidic medium. Now if the question paper setter is asking for basic medium what we need to do is let me check whether I can able to copy. No once again let me check my dear students if I can able to copy or not. Yes copy.
I think uh it's actually copied once again I need to move I think once again once again my dear students yeah exactly so the same rule we are taking what exactly we are doing the same rule because it's been very long time I'm using this software done so the same rule but what is the difference we need to do means listen carefully here when it comes to basic medium oxygen how we will be balancing oxygen oxygen the same way only how we will balance oxygen means by adding H2O on which side we will add that is very very important which side we will be adding adding that is very very important. So remember my dear students when it comes to basic medium we need to add water on the rich side. Which side we need to add? We need to add water on the rich side. So let me erase this deficient side.
Which side we need to add?
Rich side. Now we are talking about basic medium. Right? So automatically how we will balance hydrogen. Now how we will balance hydrogen? Hydrogen will be balanced by adding O minus because basic medium right added by O minus on deficient side.
That's all my dear students. Now it is very easy for us to do or not tell me.
Yes. First let me give one question.
Will you guys can able to do? Shall we cross check? So the same rule you guys can follow. The same rule we can easily follow.
Then I can move this. No, that's what I'm thinking.
Let it be like this. So you guys can able to see now because I'm thought of doing one question here. Okay, that's fine. Let me keep like this only it is clear.
Now shall we do? Okay sir, will you take organic chemistry or fully sir?
Already in today marathon starting I took organic chemistry. No organic chemistry completed. No for which one you are asking low covering. So basic medium acidic medium.
Now let me take the first question in the same way. Uh let me take one question ZN reaction.
Z 10 plus NO3 minus gives Zn2+ plus NH4 plus. Now I am giving an idea.
It is a basic medium. I'm just giving an idea basic medium. How to solve this question?
Very simple. What is the first rule?
Calculate oxidation state. Z 10 0 N3 minus X - 6 is equal to -1. So X will be exist in + 5 state. So + 5 here + 2.
NH4+ so x + 4 is = + 1 x = +1 -4 x will be equal to -3 it is clear I believe everyone can able to calculate the oxidation state everyone can able to solve the oxidation state next step first step is calculate oxidation first step calculate the oxy oxidation state. What is the second step? What is the second step? Calculate change in oxidation state. How to calculate the change in oxidation state? Listen carefully.
0 to +2 it is oxidation + 5 to minus3 reduction. Okay. It is a redux reaction. We need to check the okay. Okay. Yeah. Sure. Now I will do all the exceptions. Don't worry. No exceptions. That is only one question. Z 10 NO3 minus Z2 plus NH4 plus. If you listen carefully my dear students, this is undergoing oxidation. This is undergoing reduction.
If now if you listen carefully how we can able to solve. Listen very simple. First oxidation state. What is that? Change in oxidation state. What is the change in oxidation state? 0 to 2 after 0 + 1 + 2 2. How many zetan atom is there? 1. So 2 into 1. This is called as change in oxidation state. Now + 5 to -3. What is the change in oxidation state after + y + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 0 -1 -2 - 3 8. How many nitrogen atom is there? 1 8 into 1 8.
Since it is a common number two 4s are 8 2 1's are 2. Now what is the next step? Cross multiply the change. Before that check 1 Z 10 1 Z 10 one nitrogen one nitrogen. It is balanced. Now the next rule is cross multiply the change in oxidation state. What is the cross multiply the change in oxidation state? Four will come for Z 10. So 4 Z 10. Z is having one. So that one will come for NO3 minus. So NO3 minus gives Z 10 N2 plus plus NH4 plus.
If you listen carefully what we are having here 4 Z 10 so 4 Z 10 how many nitrogen we are having? One nitrogen one nitrogen it is clear. Now what is the next step we need to do? The next step is listen carefully. I just took toughest example only. Since we are running out of time directly I took toughest question. Listen carefully.
What is the rule? Basic medium oxygen need to be balanced by adding H2 on rich side. How many oxygen atom is there?
This side I am having three oxygen atom. This side no oxygen atom. This is rich side. So how many water molecule I need to add? I need to add three water molecule.
Now what is the next step? Hydrogen will be balanced by adding O minus on deficient side. Understand one thing when we are solving this one if hydrogen is present in the question itself means please don't consider hydrogen present in the question means don't consider that. So what is the rule after adding water? How many hydrogen's is there this side? Six hydrogen. Now how many O H minus I need to add this side I need to add 6 O minus on deficient side but it is not balanced because we are having hydrogen will not be balanced. Now what is the next step we do that is what the exception my existing students are telling here I'm writing if in question itself hydrogen is present.
If in question itself hydrogen is present what we need to do follow all the steps. Follow all the steps.
But last what we need to do means hydrogen will be balanced by adding H+ on hydrogen will be balanced by adding H+ on deficient side. Which hydrogen? The hydrogen which is present in the question. How to balance the hydrogen which is present in the question?
Hydrogen which is present in the question will be balanced by adding H+ on deficient side. After that what we need to do add equal amount of O minus on both sides. That's all. It is very clear. It is very clear. So automatically speaking now what will happen? Everything I followed all the rule but this is coming if in question hydrogen is present. How many hydrogen is present in the question? Four hydrogen. So I need to put four H+.
How many H+ I added? Four H+. So I need to add four O minus on both side.
4 O minus on both side. Now together we can write. So how we can write 4 Z 102 plus plus NH4 plus now what we are having 6 + 4 so total we will be having 10 H minus we will be having 10 H minus sir literally salute to your efforts thank you DMA so automatically NH4 plus 10 H minus in the same way if you take here what exactly we are having here If you look carefully, we are having four H+ as well as four O minus. How many water molecule I can write? Eight hydrogen, four oxygen, four H2O I can write already three H2O is there. So together I can write it as sub H2O plus 4 Z 10 plus N3 minus. It is clear.
Now if you cross check equation will be balanced. Now if you cross check equation will be done and tested. It is clear.
Anybody is having any doubts?
That's all. Very simple my dear students. It is not at all complicated.
Very simple.
Yes.
Yes. Done.
So with the help of this small thing we can easily able to solve any question in exam.
Yes, it is clear.
Anybody's having any doubts?
Could you please explain how to balance this? H. Okay. Now, shall we try that?
My dear students, shall we try that question which is in the chat? Yes. Now, we will try that. The same rule only I will follow. I want to use another thing. What is the question? P4 from P4 I'm getting PH3 in the question also hydrogen is there H2 P2 right H2 P2 Now tell me this is basic medium or acidic medium yes this is basic medium or acidic medium Yes.
Basic medium or acidic medium. My dear students, quick please do tell me basic medium or acidic medium.
basic medium sure are you sure ma'am we are getting H2 P2 or any negative charge will be there please cross check the question because after we are doing if time got wasted means sir 3 H2O 6 H step could you repeat why what's Now up to here it is fine. Now what is the next step? Up to here the normal balancing equation. Let me mark in red color. Up to red color. This is the normal balancing equation without considering hydrogen which is present in the question. To balance that what we need to do to forget this not to forget to balance this hydrogen if the hydrogen present in the question then what we need to do follow this rule hydrogen need to be balanced by adding H+ on deficient side add equal amount of O minus on both side in question how many hydrogen's are there four hydrogen so I added four H+ on the deficient side then I added equal number of four O H minus on both the side then mathematically I'm just writing together I can write no that's all okay H2 P2 minus yes Pritis is very brilliant I know that's why for confirmation I asked it is fine right H2P2 only right okay now if I want to solve this H2P2 or H4 P2 minus yes H2 P2 or H4 P2 minus Yes, H2. Yes sir. Okay. Now we will solve first step. We know very well disproportionation reaction of phosphorus will takes place in basic medium because majority of the when it comes to P block element disproportionation reaction happens only in basic medium. So if I take that basic medium all the rules we know again the exception hydrogen is there in the question. So we need to follow the complete basic medium rule. First disproportionation reaction we need to check here the oxidation state is zero.
Here what will be the oxidation state? X + 3 will be equal to 0. X will be equal to -3. Here what will be?
2 + X - 4 is equal to -1. X -2 is equal to -1. X = -1 + 2 X will be equal to + 1 posress exist in + one state + 2 -4 so -2 + 2 yes exactly now we need to check whether it is a redux reaction 0 to minus3 reduction 0 to +1 oxidation since single element is undergoing both reduction oxidation it is If you give wrongly also sir is finding out. Uh now if you listen carefully single element is undergoing both reduction as well as oxidation. So automatically it is a disproportionation reaction. The same rule I'm going to follow but I'm not that much good in memory things. So what for my comfortableness I'm going to do means this reactant I'm writing it two times for my comfortableness.
Now, PH3 plus H2 P2 minus.
Now, the same thing here 0 0 - 3 + 1 0 to - 3 0 to + 1. Now, what is the next step? Calculate change in oxidation state 0 to - 3 -1 - 2 - 3 that is three.
How many phosphorus is there? Four 3 fours are 12. Here what is the change in oxidation state? 1 0 to + 1 1. How many phosphorus is there? Four. So four is the change in oxidation state. Since it is the common number I can rewrite this as 4 1's are 4. 4 3's are 12. Now the cross multiply this first one is having three. So this I will put here 3 P4 or this one. So P4 gives PH3 plus H2 P2 minus. If you listen carefully my dear students, first one, first one is for PH3. How many phosphorus is there? Four phosphorus. Four, four PH3. How many phosphorus is there? 12 phosphorus is there. So, let me put 12 here. Now, disproportionation reaction, right? Once again, what I'm going to do, I'm going to add this together. 3 P4 + P4 P4 will give 4 P4 gives 4 PH3 + 12 H2 P2 minus. Now once again what we can able to do for simplification we are not good in mathematics. So let me divide the entire thing by four. What is the equation we are getting? P4 gives PH3 plus PH2 P2 minus. Now we need to balance all the things.
How many phosphorus are there? Four phosphorus are there. Four phosphorus are there. All the atoms is balanced.
For understanding purpose, for comfortableness, I'm writing the same equation here.
Basic medium once again let me take the rule because new students also listening. When it comes to basic medium, oxidation state, change in oxidation state, balance all atom, cross multiply, balance all atom except oxygen, hydrogen up to here, it is done and tested. Balance all atoms except oxygen and hydrogen. It is done four phosphorus four phosphorus that's it now what I need to do balance oxygen not hydrogen. What is the rule? Balance oxygen. How many oxygen I'm having this side? I'm having two oxygen. Oxygen will be balanced by adding water molecule on which side rich side.
So how many water molecule we will be adding?
2 H2O.
Now hydrogen will be balanced by adding O minus on deficient side. How many hydrogen we are having? Don't look at the hydrogen which is present in the question. As I told it's exception poor hydrogen. So I will be adding four O minus. Now it is clear up to here it is done. All right.
Hydrogen will be balanced by adding O H minus. Oxygen will be added adding H2 on red side. Now what is the thing we need to come? We need to look if in question itself hydrogen is present. If in question itself hydrogen is present what we are doing hydrogen will be balanced by adding H+ on diffusion side. Add equal amount of O minus. Very simple. So let me check how many hydrogen's are there in the question. How many hydrogen's are there? 3 + 6 n hydrogen's are there. Then I need to add n H+ on the deficient side. Now what is the next thing? Equal number of O minus.
So n minus here also I will add n minus.
Now it is clear. Everybody getting an idea? But still what I need to do?
Wo! Okay, okay. Yeah, 3 2's are six, right? Basic mathematics. See 3 2's are six. So six oxygen atom will be balanced by adding 6 H2O. So 6 H2 12. So I will be adding hydrogen will be balanced by adding 12 O minus. Now in the question 3 2's are 6 9 hydrogen is there. So 9 H+ then equal number of O. Now we need to simplify this. How we can able to simplify this?
This is going to be my final equation.
How to simplify this? Listen carefully.
Together I'm going to write. Now if you listen carefully, how many H we are having? Very simple. How many H+ we are having here? N H+ and N O H minus.
Together I can write this as N H2O. Can I write like this? Can I write like this my dear students? 9 H2O.
Now 9 H2O plus 12 H minus plus P4 gives PH3 + 3 H2 P2 minus plus 6 H2O plus 9 O minus. Now what I will be doing? We can able to cancel here 6 H2O is there. So here I will cancel. I will put it as 3 H2O. Next what are the things? N O H. Oh my god. N O H minus is there. So here I will cancel. I will put 3 H minus. Now shall I write the overall final equation. So let me write the final overall equation here only that is only better. So let me use 3 H2O plus 3 O minus plus P4 gives PH3 plus 3 H2 P2 minus. That's it. Now it is a basic medium. Yes, we are having only O minus. It is a basic medium. It is a basic medium. Now charge is balanced. -3 charge -3 charge charge is balanced.
Phosphorus 4 phosphorus phosphorus is balanced. Hydrogen 3 2's are 6 6 + 3 9 hydrogen 3 + 6 9 hydrogen oxygen 3 + 3 6 oxygen 3 + 6 3 2 are 6 6 oxygen everything is balanced. Equation is done and tested.
Equation is done and tested.
It's very simple right? like this you guys can able to solve even whatever the question I'm solving we are having hydrogen is present in the question itself if hydrogen is not there then it is a luck for us now we will try that question if hydrogen is not there then it will be very easy for us now shall we try one simple rule otherwise how I will be teaching all J advanc students J need students all the exams chemistry is easy my dear students Oh my god. Okay students who texted you people know. So sir thank you so much for your message. Yeah going super strong sir. Hope all neat aspirants are enjoying your great work. So go aurora sir is a j chemistry faculty. My dear students sir is the very senior faculty.
So Ial chu Iandal like a junior near to sir because I'm just having the experience of 10 years that's it but sir is actually studied in NAT sir is a very good person. Thank you so much sir.
Thank you so much for your message. Yes.
Yes. Sir is also a chemistry faculty.
I'm feeling very happy.
Okay. I don't know whether sir is there or not but anyhow still yes you people can see sir lectures in pwj English channel yes sir is awesome okay okay now so now let me start what is the question actually mule given P4 plus NO3 minus P4 plus NO3 minus gives P43 minus P43 minus plus N O2 Can you give one question sir we will do it?
Yes, definitely I will give. Okay, try to do this question my dear students quick. So try to solve this question balance.
Okay, let let everyone try this question. Not more than 2 minutes. Yes.
Quick quick quick. You people know everything. You people know all the shortcuts. Everything.
Yes.
Tell me.
Yes.
Yes.
Quick.
Yes. Quick. My dear students, try to solve this. Use our shortcut.
That's it. that uh that rules is more than sufficient. More than that nothing is required. Other than that, handsome. Hi sir, I am your big fan sir.
Hey what I did nothing mark I'm just teaching whatever I know whatever the shortcut see actually uh learning all the shortcuts this things and all no even topus can't able to do because once upon a time as a student no uh see to enter IT no even I will be like struggling so there ar create the things come up that's it so let me solve this question yes shall we solve very simple my dear students Which medium? NO3 minus HNO3. So indirectly they are talking about acidic medium. What is the rule? Calculate oxidation state. P4 0 NO3 minus X - 6 is equal to -1. X= -1 + 6. X will be equal to + 5. So here we will be having + 5.
Here what will be the phosphorus oxidation state? X - 8 is equal to -3.
X= -3 + 8 X= + 5. Here the oxidation state is + 5. Now N2 X -4 is equal to 0.
X will be equal to + 4. Cross check the question paper set. Don't believe them.
Automatically what will happen?
What will happen? If we look carefully whether it is reduction 0 to + 5 phosphorus is getting oxidized + 5 to +4. Nitrogen is getting reduced. Now what is the next thing we can able to do? Very simple. Calculate change in oxidation state. 0 to 5. Five into how many phosphorus is there? Four. 20. Oh my god. Very tough mathematics. + 5 to + 4. 1. How many nitrogen is there? One.
So one. Oh my god. 21.
Heysana. It's not only about uh Hindi.
Okay. Now listen carefully. 120. What is the next step? Cross multiply the change. So 20 is for P4. So we will be getting 20 NO3 minus phosphorus. NO3 minus is 1 only. So P4 gives P43 minus plus NO2. What is the next step? Balance all the atom except oxygen and then hydrogen.
Tajin sir my study from mean 12th standard sir your channel sir and your 45 days book giving study a sir.
Okay now listen then calculate P4 plus 203 minus gives P43 minus plus N2. What is the next step? Balance all atom except oxygen and hydrogen. Four phosphorus, four phosphorus. How many nitrogen? 20 nitrogen. So here let me take plus 20 N O2. Everything is balanced.
Now oxygen acidic medium. Acidic medium means what? Oxygen will be balanced by adding H2O on deficient side. Don't forget the rules my dear students. That is like a thumb rule. acidic medium.
Oxygen will be balanced by adding H2 on diffusion side. Hydrogen will be balanced by adding H+ on diffusion side.
Both in diffusion side only in base medium this rich and all we are having.
Now let me move. Yes. So how many oxygen are there? 23s are 60 oxygen. Oh my god.
Anywhere I can I can't able to reduce.
Okay. 60 oxygen. Here four fours are 16 plus 40 oxygen. 56 oxygen are there. We need to how many oxygen is deficient?
Four oxygen is deficient. So we need to add this side only it is deficient. So we need to add four H2O. Now how many hydrogen's we are having? Eight hydrogen. Right? So we need to balance hydrogen by adding H+ on deficient side. Now I believe equation is balanced. Shall we check whether the given equation is balanced or not? That's all I told. No, with the help of this rule, this will be very easy. My dear students, where the majority of the students will get confusion means if hydrogen present in the question, then only we need to follow this. Otherwise, no need. Just follow this method. This is more than sufficient.
This is more than sufficient. Just follow this step. That's all. It is clear. Right. Now let me take this. Listen carefully. Yes.
How many positive charge are there? How many negative charge are there? Let me balance everything. First phosphorus.
Four phosphorus. Four phosphorus. 20 nitrogen 20 nitrogen. Oxygen. 23s are 60. 60 oxygen. Four fours are 16. 16 + 4 20 + 40 60 oxygen. Hydrogen 8 hydrogen 8 hydrogen. Balancing charge balancing how many charge we are having -2 charge we are having here -20 + 8 so -12 charge charge is also balanced now it is done and restricted so the equation is completely balanced now it is fine 8 H+ plus P4 + 20 NO3 minus gives 4 P4 3 minus plus 20 NO2 + 4 H2O.
Sir, confused in the part where 54s are 20. Please repeat only that part.
Okay, very simple. Listen carefully everybody.
Change in oxidation state 0 to + 5. What is the change? 02 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5.
Five is the change. Five. How many phosphorus is there? Four. 5 into 4 20.
Now it is clear.
Singlestep solution. Nice.
Hey Mir, you are my student right? In a single step we need to solve and then we can throw that is what my dear students in NCRT one method will be there. All faculties will be teaching different different method. So my request is please do follow this.
It is clear. Anybody's having any doubts in balancing now?
Anybody is having any doubts in balancing? Who? Okay. Thank you sir.
Yes. Anybody's having any doubts in balancing.
Yes. Done. So you guys can automatically able to solve questions.
No doubts. Fantastic. Fantastic. Good.
So exactly with this I am finishing redox reaction also. So as I told equilibrium thermodynamics redux all the things actually we completely discussed.
Yes, these things completed. Now atomic structure graph.
Okay, only by solving we will get an idea. Don't worry.
Yeah. PW 45 days need book is super sir and I study from my needs sir very good actually it is having all the good questions so you can use that book my dear student you can use that no doubt now next I'm moving into atomic structure next my priority will be always like this in atomic structure we know all the formulas but as I told when it comes to atomic structure no student will ask bore model all the derivation Everything you people will do nicely.
But where the confusion will come means quantum mechanical model graph. So directly okay no one solved even in your school but you can able to do it by listening to periodicity DNA block. See that's what my lecture is not like a theory lecture even I will be teaching only exception. No, that is what even question paper set will ask then why we need to waste our energy by reading all the things.
So automatically if we do one only this things it is more than sufficient we can able to do it right now the next thing I'm moving into atomic structure atomic structure is very important my dear students quantum mechanical graph not only quantum mechanical graph still time is there so quickly what I'm going to do I'm going to give all the important formulas also in atomic structure but my my main focus will be on quantum mechanical graph part. Okay, my focus will be on quantum mechanical graph. Now shall we start?
Then if time is there I will do this periodic table exception or else it is one of the easy. So 18th we are having class 12 chemistry marathon. On that day what I will do means I will start with periodic table exception mole concept then followed by hydrocarbons then all organic chemistry chapter segment two along with solutions electrochemistry whatever we are missing today we can continue no problem but till now whatever we learned you people are having 100% clarity or not that is what I want clarity should be there even though morning 6 hours we did organic chemistry I'm happy for that at least in organic chemistry you people will be having the 200 200% clarity right even that is what I want okay yes mirror you can go for dinner but I will start doing atomic structure shall we sir. Salt analysis and purification.
Yes, that is very important. When I'm doing class 12th chemistry marathon on Saturday, I will be doing that. My dear students, I will be doing that.
Okay? I will be doing that on that particular day.
Right.
So shall we do atomic structure and then chemical bonding exceptions when it comes to hybridization. These two are very very important.
Nothing I just drank water. Now shall we continue with chemical bonding because atomic structure also once again I can start but time is not there. I think it's 9:15.
So let me start now with chemical bonding.
I believe everyone knows chemical bonding right but in chemical bonding sir my 10th mark came I got 493 max and science center very good wish you all the very best do well start preparing for 11th class if neat is your aim join in Arjuna neat class 2027 batch sir J is my target then join in the respective J batch we are there to guide you. Don't worry.
Okay. Yes. Chemical bonding. Chemical bonding is one of the very easiest chapter all students will be rocking when it comes to hybridization. Yes, we know sp3, sp3d, all shapes, vapr theory, emot theory, shortcuts, everything we know. But what majority of the students don't know if the question paper setter want to frame a very tough question then he will be focusing on exceptions in hybridization.
So if a question paper setter want to focus let the question paper setter left automatically hey not for you that is for uh the student who got uh 493 in 10th class RXBTC don't worry you try to clear now you will clear don't worry yes hi Mayan now exceptions in hybridization if the question paper setter want to frame very tough question in chemistry, very tough questions by leaving physics easy, biology easy. Now this time he want to focus like how he focused physics in need 2025 like that if a question paper setter want to focus chemistry means then definitely what he will do means he will touch this exceptions in hybridization.
Definitely he will touch exceptions in hybridization.
So when it comes to exceptions in hybridization, what are all the exceptions? I'm just going to give please do make a note. This is very very important when it comes to chemical bonding. All the things we will do. Yes, I do agree as a student we will do all the hard works everything. But what is very important for us is this exceptions in hybridization. Definitely you people may get a question. So we should not be very lethargic in this thing.
So shall we start right exceptions in hybridization?
Why these much different different emojis?
Sir, I have not studied anything till now due to some personal issues. So I can score 350 plus and I have studied some chapters of biology but forgot everything.
Hey, I can understand. But whatever you studied, you know, please do revise that. revise that properly and even for biology amika ma'am is there so ma'am will help you in uh try to revise all the things in last 15 days so automatically you guys can able to score yes Angelica Sarasat hi okay now we will start exceptions in hybridization what are the exceptions we are having understand hybridization is very very important even we know but exceptions also the question paper setter will definitely fast.
So we need to be very careful and then so shall we start? Yes, let me start exceptions in hybridization.
What are the exceptions we are having?
hybridization exceptions.
First exception when it comes to hybridization.
Remember why exceptions we are having means understand there are some compounds there are some compounds which can exist in ionic form in solid or liquid state. There are some compounds exist in ionic form in solid or liquid state.
So when it comes to if suppose imagine we are sitting in the exam.
Yes. Dr. Yenk Shalini. Yes. Very good evening ma'am. If suppose for example the question paper set asking PC5 solid what we will do we will nicely solve sir PC5 I know sir what is theization five side atom is there so five sigma phosphorus so zero lone pair so zero lone pair no unpair the electron so five means what is the hybridization steric number five so it is sp3d sp3d means it is trional by parameidal if I solve like this it is totally wrong my dear students it is wrong then what will be the hybridization then what will be the hybridization hey no it is not evening it is night but if one student is coming if I tell ah yeah very good night ma how it will be right so this is very very important Okay. So, PCL5 solid. Then how what is the exact hybridization of PCL5 solid?
Understand? What will be the hybridization of PCL5? Means 2 PCL5 will dissociate. We can write it as P4 plus and then PC 6 minus. PCL4 and then PC 6 minus. In the same way if I talk about PB Br5 in the same way if I talk about PB Br5.
So what will be the hybridization means it will dissociate as PB Br or plus and then Br minus in the same way this is also in solid. This is also in solid.
Next if I take P I5 liquid.
If I take P I5 in liquid state it will exist as P I4 plus and then I minus. A Y bracket required.
P I4 plus and then I minus.
Yes. Yes. Yes. Exactly. Once again like a revision I'm giving in the same way N25 how N25 N25 if the question paper asking hybridization of N25 remember it will exist as NO3 minus and then N O2 plus N25 will exist as NO3 minus as well as N O2 plus in the same way Cl26 in the same way Cl26 will exist as TL4 minus TL2 plus. So directly we should not write any exceptions directly don't calculate if you follow this method this will be wrong. In the same way N2O3 how N2O3 will be existed? N2O3 will be existed as NO plus and then NO2 minus N2O3 will exist as NO plus and then N O2 minus. So these are all the hybridization compulsory we need to remember my dear students. Everyone is getting an idea. So remember this is very very important. How many have Oh, who is that? Rosie Safire guys how sir teaches do he teach good enough?
So Rosie you do one thing instead of asking everyone know now this is 11 hours marathon randomly go otherwise start team go to the beginning I started with organic chemistry just listen for 5 to 10 minutes and please do come and give me your feedback ma'am it will be really helpful for me also right yes tell what exactly we will be having yes tell me So remember when it comes to hybridization exception remember one thing that is very very important. So hybridization we all know all the things but remember from now onwards the very very important thing is PCL5 PCL5 in solid state will exist as PCL4 plus PCL6 minus don't forget if in question paper PCL5 comes you people should not select the option sp3d then what will be the answer will be this one yes praep sure everybody getting the idea so please do remember this PCL5 solid means We should not directly choose the option trional bipreal that to remember state is important. What is the state we are having?
Uh no problem Rosie even that is what even I can understand you are new. So if you watch and give me your feedback no as a new students because existing students will tell all the things new students when they are telling no they will tell honestly from the heart. So that is the reason I asked you.
So PCL5 solid if you look into the solid state automatically it is not trional bipal what will be the geometry PCL4 plus PL6 minus in the same way PBR5 solid what we will be having PBR4 plus Br minus P I5 liquid P I4 plus I minus N25 this will be dissociative I mean exist as NO3 minus NO2 plus CL2O6 it will exist as CL4 minus CL2 plus then automatically N2O3 we will be having NO plus and then NO O2 minus it is clear everybody getting an unclear cut idea.
So now what will be the hybridization that we need to mention? PC4 plus automatically we can tell by looking normal. Use the normal formula. What will be the phosphorus valence electron is five positive means remove one electron four all the four participated in bonding with chlorine. So four bond pairs zero lone pair. So the hybridization is sp3. I'm not going to teach any new formula new shortcut.
Whatever the formula till now you people followed for hybridization calculation the same thing you people follow but what is very very important what is very very important we need to remember this exception yes okay PCL6 minus when it comes to PCL6 minus what will be the hybridization yes it will be sp3 d2 in the same way PB Br4 plus what will be the hybridization sp3 for Br minus we can't able to calculate in the same way p i4 plus what will be the hybridization sp3 minus what will be the hybridization 3 minus it will be sp2 hybridization 2 plus it will be sp hybridization.
Yes, sp2 hybridization. NO2 will be sp hybridization. Next, what we are having?
Cl26. What will be the hybridization? We will be having CL4 minus sp3 hybridization.
Then here what will be the hybridization? We will be having sp2 hybridization. N plus spo2 minus is sp2 hybridization. That's all my dear students. So you guys need to be very very careful.
It is clear. So these are all the exceptions in hybrid hybridization. I just want to tell it is clear sir. Me to new students before 1 month you drill concepts nicely.
It is clear.
And then anybody's having any doubts. So remember these exceptions my dear students. If you people remember this exceptions that is more than sufficient.
Clear?
Done.
Yes.
Dead. Now shall we move into atomic structure graph?
Yes. So or else atomic structure we will start freshly in 18th class.
So I think yes we can finish. I don't want to dump more content. So now let me chemistry. Yeah. So automatically chemical bonding exceptions also be completely done and dusted. This atomic structure graph is very important. So when you people are very fresh I will discuss this. Don't worry. So exactly here.
So these students are always playing.
Huh? Right. Okay. So, exactly I'm finishing here my dear students. So, in today class when it comes to class 11, what is the thing? Complete chemistry marathon we completed means upsceded along with question. Isomeism done and tested along with question followed by GOC. These three things itself from 11:00 to 5:00. So 6 first 6 hours of video is complete lemon standard organic chemistry by believing you people will always feel organic chemistry stuff I started with that now each and every one of you will get clearcut idea on the first 6 hours of the class next hydrocarbons we will discuss with class 12th because hello reaction mechanism maronico antimaring everywhere I will use that so on the day if we do that it will be very helpful next equilibrium when it comes to equilibrium now you people will be having clearcut idea on how to find out solubility product uh not solubility product very sorry salt hydrarolysis buffer action how to identify how to differentiate between these two that is also very very important and then all the pH formulas everything I given followed by question thermodynamics so today onwards thermodynamics towards fear towards thermodynamics should not be there my student should be very confident when it comes to thermodynamics because in Thermodynamics that one tabular column whatever I given all the list of process what is will be heat what will be work done what will be enthalpy internal energy that is more than sufficient my dear students that is more than sufficient so remember that that tableabler column is more than sufficient next followed by redox balancing redux balancing also here after no confusion I given the shortcut in today class try to solve more and more question even I solve more question apart from that chemical bonding exception And that also I discussed. So in Saturday class what I will be doing means first I will start with hydrocarbon followed by I will finish off 12th organic chemistry. When it comes to 12th inorganic chemistry only two chapters we are having right coordination compounds and D and F block. So automatically for that D and F block shortcut also coordination compound shortcut already I put I given as a strategy video. It is there go and watch that that will be really helpful.
Followed by that I will discuss periodic table mole concept then atomic structure graphs in 18th class. Okay. Along with the 12th class syllabus I will try to finish that. I will try to include more questions also. Okay. So with this I'm finishing today class my dear students.
I hope marathon will be very useful. I'm getting satisfied. I am really satisfied. I given whatever the things I know with respect to first six house of organic chemistry. 11th standard is completely done and dusted that is more than sufficient.
Thermodynamic shortcut redux reaction balancing shortcut equilibrium complete chapter chemical bonding exception this is more than sufficient my dear students. So remaining things we will cover in 18th class. So one more thing I want to tell don't forget tomorrow actually am biology classes there. So please give your attendance. Please be very serious as ma'am is putting more effort for you guys. Please do cooperate. Come to the class. Attend all the classes regularly. Followed by that 17th day after tomorrow we will be having top 500 question from physics, chemistry, biology. So subat myself and then Ambika ma'am we will be handling top 500 question from PCB all these for you guys my dear students. Okay. So yes, one class for all important J main question for need. Yes, sure ma'am I will keep that in mind. Definitely I will do. Yes. So it was from fun from 11:00 a.m. How do you feel sir? Yes for me always fun only because it's all about uh uh what to say? It is very easy. I feel very comfortable when I'm teaching chemistry. Pock element I think you are my new student right? existing students you people I do remember you will be having one tabler column for P block for P block elements also tabler column is there today I couldn't able to do it in 18th class I will give that table column my dear students along with all the shortcuts is there in table column with the help of that you guys can able to do by the way I reached this channel through amig I'm a student of us okay okay that's great okay okay students take care yes Yes. Yes. The theme Amika ma'am Nancy blessed you to be top 10.
Okay. Okay. My dear students take care.
Bye-bye. See you. I given all the exceptions everything. Make use of it.
Tomorrow biology classes there. After tomorrow I will be meeting all you guys in top 500 question from physics, chemistry, biology. Okay. Take care.
Bye-bye.
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