Computer for JKSSB 2026: Software 01 (L-13) | New Latest Pattern by Verma Sir

Added: 2026-05-31

[00:00:00]Jai Hind friends. So today our topic is going to be software. In the previous lecture we had completed the hardware. If you are preparing for any exam of Jammu and Kashmir.

[00:00:10]Be it JKPSI, JKP Constable, Naib Tehsildar, Finance Account Assistant. Even if any new advertisement comes, this computer series will be very important for all of them because in this we are reading all the things according to the latest pattern.

[00:00:27]So let's start today's session. In hardware we read that hardware is that part which we can touch physically. So software is that part which we cannot touch physically. Meaning what is our software? It is intangible.

[00:00:45]Intangible. Intangible means that which we cannot touch. And both hardware and software together make a computer.

[00:00:54]If even one thing is missing in the computer, it will not be able to function. So what does the software say? There is software. Software is a set of instructions. See What is software? There is a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do.

[00:01:11]This is the software. Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer and device what to do.

[00:01:21]Unlike hardware which is the physical part of the system. Hardware which is the physical part of our system. That's absolutely correct.

[00:01:27]But software is intangible. Meaning, the one whom we cannot touch.

[00:01:33]You can not touch it but you use it every day. Whenever you operate a computer, you will use software. If I tell you one thing, you actually never use the internal hardware directly. You are actually using the software. But that software directly interacts with your internal hardware. See, the internal hardware has become the CPU. Now it is the CPU which does all the processing.

[00:02:02]You know this, right? Now do you play with the CPU by touching it? No sir, we don't play but he works. He works.

[00:02:11]Through whom do you get the work done?

[00:02:13]Friends, you get the work done through software only.

[00:02:16]In software, the things you say automatically interact with the CPU. Does it? He is saying the same thing. A set of instructions given to a computer to perform a task is called a program. The set of instructions that you give to the computer is also called a program.

[00:02:35]What are you saying now? Software is a set of instructions. Data data is the data which tells the computer what work to do. The program we just read is Program That Tells a Computer How to Operate and Perform Tasks. How to operate it and how to get the work done.

[00:02:54]Software Tells the Computer What to Do and How to Do It. How to work. Ok?

[00:03:00]What work needs to be done? Who will tell? The software will tell and without software the computer will not be able to run and it will not be able to run without hardware also. I need both. Now there are two types of software. There is one system software and one application software. Now what is the difference between the two? If I explain it to you in very basic language, do you remember we had read something in hardware.

[00:03:24]In hardware, we had divided the hardware into two parts.

[00:03:26]One internal hardware and one external hardware. Remember? Now will the computer be able to turn on without internal hardware? Sir, we had read that it would not be possible. It wo n't be possible, right? Internal hardware is a must. Yes, even if half of the external hardware is missing, our computer will still be able to run. But yes, there will not be a half. If there is no printer. Ok? After that if your speaker is not there then yours will start working.

[00:03:56]But in internal hardware you need every type of hardware. Similarly, system software is the software which is very important for running your computer. I mean, who will actually do the processing, friends?

[00:04:12]Who actually does the processing?

[00:04:14]Actually, the processing is done by your CPU i.e. your hardware. The CPU does it. All the other hardware is also useful, the internal ones. Now the system software will interact with these. This means that this is such a software that without it your computer will not be able to turn on.

[00:04:35]Ok? It is very important to have system software inside the computer. Whereas application software is that which is made for your convenience. Like what did I make? Made it MS Word. Now what is the actual work of MS Word?

[00:04:51]Helping you create documents. But if MS Word is not there in your computer then the computer will turn on, sir, it will definitely turn on. It won't make any difference. So if we look at it in simple language, system software is very important to run the computer. Without this the computer will not be able to run. That's where the application software is for us.

[00:05:12]Same thing that internal software is for the computer itself and application software is for us humans. Like the internal hardware was for the computer itself and the external hardware was for us brother.

[00:05:27]Ok? The same thing happened here too. Now let us read what system software actually is? First let us understand a Venn diagram.

[00:05:33]You are running application software.

[00:05:39]Friends, your application software cannot interact directly with the hardware.

[00:05:42]Now to integrate this, another software is required which we call system software. It is the system software that sits like a bridge in the middle, allowing the hardware and application software to interact with each other.

[00:05:58]Suppose you opened WhatsApp or you opened Calculator.

[00:06:05]Now actually the processing will take place in the hardware but the application will not directly interact with the hardware. He will first deal with the system software and the system software with the hardware.

[00:06:15]Now once we read the definition, we will understand it very well. Saying system software is a type of software that manages and controls the computer hardware and provides the platform for running application software. Now we have understood the same thing in Venn diagram.

[00:06:33]Whatever he said, I have understood the same thing that brother, system software manages the computer hardware and provides a platform to the application software. It acts as a bridge between hardware and user applications. This is what we saw brother. Did you see this brother?

[00:06:53]Who is getting him in touch with this, sir?

[00:06:55]Our system software is getting it done.

[00:06:58]What is the function of system software?

[00:06:59]Manages Computer Resources. That's absolutely correct.

[00:07:04]Who will tell me how to manage computer resources? The system software will tell you. Control hardware devices.

[00:07:10]Who is actually controlling the hardware? Actually the system software is doing it. We looked at the Venn diagram. Abhi provides an environment for application. We saw this too.

[00:07:17]Maintains overall system operations. And it will manage all the operations of the system.

[00:07:27]How does it work now? Let's see an example.

[00:07:30]Suppose you open Microsoft Word. Now Microsoft Word which is an application software. If you ever want to see which application software is which, which system is, then brother, application software is that which even if you delete it, your computer will still keep running.

[00:07:45]System software is something that as soon as it is deleted from the computer, your computer stops working. Suppose you open Microsoft Word on your computer and start typing. Started typing. Now what happened?

[00:07:59]The application software sends requests to the system software.

[00:08:05]To whom did the application software first send the request? to the system software. Because brother, now hardware will be used. I ca n't do it directly with the hardware. So to whom did he send the request? to your system software.

[00:08:17]What happened after that? The system software is mainly the operating system. Now what did the entire system software and most operating systems do? Keyboard input taken.

[00:08:28]Processing started in CPU.

[00:08:30]Memory usage also started.

[00:08:33]Display output to the monitor. Who told this? The software itself told me. So who got all these things done? All these things were done by the system software. Your application software just does what it's supposed to do. All the remaining things were done by the system software. Ok? The hardware devices that perform the actual work. And the hardware did its job too. So what did we see?

[00:08:56]Actually, what did the system software do to this and this, your application software and hardware, my friend? Got it interacted. I hope you have understood these things by now.

[00:09:13]Now comes the types of system software.

[00:09:17]See, there are five types of system software. If two is written somewhere and three is written somewhere else, we will read it in five ways. There is an operating system. The major and most important thing is the operating system. Device drivers, utility software, language translators, firmware also come under this. But today we will read only this.

[00:09:36]Rest, we will read all four of them in the next lecture because these are small. But the operating system is a bit much. This has to be understood. Now, brother, I get a lot of messages about notes on Instagram. Where can I find the notes?

[00:09:51]Friends, you will get the notes in Mind Spark jksfsb application.

[00:09:57]If you have Android then go to mindspark jksfsb app. If you have iPhone or PC then friends go to www.mindsparked.com and you will get it from there. If you still face any problem, take this number of my team and call them or we will tell you.

[00:10:16]Ok?

[00:10:21]You can call on this number 9622 112300. Also friends mission come back. Ok? I am bringing you a new series. I am bringing MCQ series for you.

[00:10:33]Which exams will it cover according to the latest pattern? Don't forget to join SI, Finance Account Assistant, JKP Constable. It will be live on June 4th at 5:00 PM.

[00:10:46]Everyone has to attend this session. In this I will tell you how our MCQ sessions will go on, what needs to be done, what things will happen, I will tell you everything in this session. So don't forget to join. Okay friends? Come on. Now comes the operating system. An operating system is the most common type of software system that acts as an interface between the user application software and computer hardware. See, actually system software is a broader term. Now application software is a part of it.

[00:11:20]So this definition is correct brother, what is an operating system? The interface that is formed between whom? Between the user, between the application software and between the hardware. It manages all hardware and software resources of the computer. Now you will easily understand what the operating system actually does.

[00:11:38]Ok? What is its function now?

[00:11:41]Memory and processor. See, when processing is taking place in your computer, the CPU is working at the time of processing.

[00:11:51]ALU is also working in CPU and simultaneously main memory works. Does she do it or not? Main memory work. Now who is there to manage both of them? There is a software which we call operating system. Control input and output devices. Look at the input and output devices, see one thing, suppose when the computer is on, you click on the icons with the mouse, click on the icons or interact with the graphical user interface, then who actually allows you to do this, it is the operating system itself which allows you to run application programs, it is absolutely correct, application programs are also run from here, now see how they are done, friend, just like our application. Now our application is available only on Play Store.

[00:12:45]Not in iOS. Why so? Because sir, Play Store is an Android operating system.

[00:12:55]Ok? And the one with Apple is iOS operating system. Now our software is application software and it is compatible with only one operating system. What is that? Android is fine, Mind Spark is only with them and ours is not compatible with them right now, it is not even compatible with iOS, so this is the thing that comes up, the application program, actually the operating system itself runs the application program, it provides the user interface, how does it provide the user interface, look brother, let me show you one thing, wait, look brother, what have I done to my PC, I have put the entire PC screen, this is Windows, everyone knows that this is Windows, now actually this starting interface is the user interface or the graphical user interface of Windows, who is providing it, sir, it is being provided by the operating system itself, the operating system itself is providing it to us, so this is what it is saying, look brother, it provides the user interface, handles files and security, it is handling files and security also, the operating system is the program that runs at all the time on the computer, okay, what is this thing, see, let me explain it to you.

[00:14:08]Did we read a thing? Okay, here it comes.

[00:14:17]Look brother, now understand one thing. Let me explain to you. Look friends, what is the operating system actually?

[00:14:30]In which memory will the operating system reside? First of all, it is important to understand whether the operating system can be stored in RAM. Sir, no, because RAM is volatile memory, it gets destroyed as soon as the power goes off and it may not be stored in ROM either.

[00:14:43]Actually, our operating system is stored in secondary memory, secondary memory. Let us assume that this is the situation till our computer is switched off. This is the situation till what is our computer yet?

[00:15:05]Our computer is off.

[00:15:08]But sir, if we turn on the computer or if we have to use the operating system, run the computer, then it will have to come into the RAM.

[00:15:17]Because primary memory will be required for processing. It will not interact directly with the secondary memory. Now let us assume that your computer is off, then the RAM is empty and the operating system is in the secondary memory. Now how the operating system is coming from secondary memory to RAM is a very good thing in itself. It is something to understand. See, now we will have to bring the secondary memory inside the RAM.

[00:15:46]Brother, you will have to bring it because without bringing it to RAM, the work will not be done. So who gets this work done? This is done by our BIOS, which is your BIOS, the BIOS which is present inside your ROI memory, Basic Input Output System, we had read about Basic Input Output System earlier, now what is its work, its first work was to power on, to do power on self test, I have taught this, what is power on self test, to check whether the internal hardware is working or not, what is its second work, what should it do to the operating system? Duplicate.

[00:16:30]Now what did he do? Where did it bring the operating system that was in the secondary memory after duplicating it?

[00:16:37]Inside the RAM. And what is there at the top of the RAM memory? Operating system.

[00:16:43]Now the operating system will remain in RAM as long as your computer is on.

[00:16:48]Because the operating system will have to run all the time.

[00:16:51]Because without the operating system the application software will not be able to run.

[00:16:54]Otherwise you will not be able to find the interface. This graphical user interface of yours, this graphical user interface, you will not be able to get it without an operating system. This means the operating system will always have to be in your RAM at all times.

[00:17:15]And this is what he has said here.

[00:17:17]Operating system is a program that runs all the time. Why did we read it now? It assigns resources such as memory, processor and input/output devices to the processes that need them. okay brother?

[00:17:33]Who will employ these three? This is what the operating system will install. Come on please.

[00:17:39]How did you get it done? Look brother. What did you do now? Suppose you have to write or do something in Microsoft Word right now, then first of all brother, what will you do? User will give input. First of all, will you brother interact with the interface and open your application MS Word there. Now, who is providing you this interface to open it, by moving the mouse and clicking? This is the operating system providing you the interface.

[00:18:06]Now your application software is open.

[00:18:11]After the operation software, it sent a request to the operating system. The operating system puts the RAM and CPU to use and the hardware also gets put to use. That's why what he said was what is its definition that makes one interact with whom? To the user, to the application software and to the computer hardware. Friends, okay brother? Now when we talk about operating system, there are two parts of operating system.

[00:18:39]Ok? It has two parts. One is the colonel and the other is the shell. Ok? The shell, sorry Colonel, this is the core. What is? It is the core of the operating system. How? Look brother, with whom does the user interact? With shell. Ok? And who does that with application software?

[00:19:05]Your kernel does it and the kernel further interacts with the hardware. I have n't understood it yet, sir. Understand the matter. First of all your computer turned on. When your computer turned on, you saw an interface like this.

[00:19:21]This interface was seen. Now, this interface, the part of the operating system that is working with this interface, what do we call it? Shell. This shell is getting it done. This interface is being done, suppose what do I do after going here? I open an application.

[00:19:40]What should I do? I open an application.

[00:19:42]What did Shell make me do? Opened the application. Now from whom will this application take work? Will take it from the hardware. The work will be done in hardware.

[00:19:56]And whether the operating system can or cannot refer to its application software interacting directly with the hardware.

[00:20:02]So there will be a part of the operating system in between these, what do we call it?

[00:20:08]Colonel.

[00:20:10]Meaning, whatever you have inserted in the beginning, do it through the shell. What did you get Shell through? Got my application software opened. Now the application software has to interact with the hardware.

[00:20:22]Because whatever will be processed in it will be done by the CPU. Now he will not be able to get this done directly.

[00:20:26]So who is this happening through? It's happening through the Colonel. Colonel is a part of whom? of the operating system. And what do you call a colonel? We call it the core of the operating system. Look brother, now you will understand this also. What is the user doing? The user interacts with the computer. okay brother? The shell is the interface between the user and the OS.

[00:20:47]Ok? Who is creating the interface between the operating system and itself? That's Shell.

[00:20:52]And whose part is this? of the operating system. It takes commands from the user and processes them to the kernel. It took command. This is your interface, here you give the command or give it through run command, then it took the command. After that your application software opened. Or these are programs that perform user tasks. You opened the application, suppose MS Word. Now whatever work needs to be done in MS Word will actually be done in hardware. Can no longer connect directly to the hardware. So where will it go now? Will go to the colonel. Core of the operating system. Kernel is the core part of the operating system. It directly interacts with hardware. So now the kernel will interact with the hardware. If the question arises that which part of the operating system interacts directly with the hardware, then you have said kernel and which part of the operating system interacts directly with the user, then which is that? It's shell. Did you understand? I found out till here. I hope you enjoyed it. Come on friends, these are some operating systems whose names you might have also heard.

[00:21:57]Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Chrome OS, Android, iOS, UNIX, BSD. Now friends, we are going to read types of operating systems.

[00:22:07]We had studied two parts of the operating system, shell and kernel. Now we will read types of operating system. So what was the first oldest operating system like? We used to call it batch operating system. Friends, this was used in the second generation. Batch operating systems were introduced in the second generation of computers roughly from 1955 to 1965, which were defined by the use of transistors. Now how does this work? Look friends, if we talk about the second generation, then punch cards were used.

[00:22:42]Absolutely. Now think here how many users do we have? 1 2 3 4 5 These are five users.

[00:22:50]They have to get their work done. Now they have work or we will call work as job. The job that User One has is P1. User Two has P2, P3, P4, P5. Now remember this directly, in batch operating system the user does not interact directly with the computer. The user will not. Now to whom did the user go for his job? Operator. The operator is a person.

[00:23:17]What is an operator? There is a person.

[00:23:22]What did all these operators take from all this? Took away his job. Took over their work. Took P1, P2, P3, P4, P5.

[00:23:28]Now what did he do? What did you make of those things? Batches. Like what work is there in batch one? What work is there in P1 and P4 and Batch Two? P2, P3, P5. Now what happened here is how did P1 and P4 buffer and how did P2, P3 and P5 buffer? This is the same type of job. What is? Same kind.

[00:23:51]He created batches to see which jobs were the same. P1 and P4 had similar work.

[00:23:58]He made a batch. P2, P3, P5 had the same type of work. So he made a batch number two. Now after this batch is created, will it be entered into the computer and through whom will it be entered? If it is second generation then what were the input output devices? Through punch card. Did you understand? So this is how your batch operating system worked. Look brother, this is what he will say.

[00:24:22]A batch operating system is designed to handle large groups of similar jobs efficiently.

[00:24:28]Okay, right? It does not interact with the computer directly. okay brother? The operator is the direct user and he does not interact directly with the computer. But instead of procedural jobs that are grouped by the operator. The operator will then perform these jobs as quizzes and execute one after the other without user interaction during the process. This is what we understood, friends. So what is this about us? Batch operating system.

[00:24:54]Now after batch operating system comes multi programming operating system.

[00:25:00]Now how does this work? Let us understand this first.

[00:25:05]Look brother, this is your main memory. Which is the main memory? The RAM has arrived. The operating system is open at the top, brother. Now what are P4, P3, P2, P1 here? This is work.

[00:25:18]What is this? There are jobs. Let's say Jobs. Now the computer's CPU has to work in P1.

[00:25:25]Our CPU brother is working on P1.

[00:25:28]Now what does he want while working? Now if some processing is going on, then in the middle of the processing, can it happen that we need some data from where to complete that processing? From secondary memory. Sir, it is absolutely necessary.

[00:25:47]What will our CPU do now? The CPU will not bring the data. Fetching the data is someone else's job. That's it.

[00:25:52]So what will our CPU do until this data comes from here to here? This work will continue here. Meaning, he will not let himself sit idle. He will not let me sit idle. As soon as it needs IO, input, output interaction, till it gets it from somewhere in the secondary memory, the CPU will start working on our second job. Then if it is running on the second job, multi programming will continue here and there like this. Come, let me show you. A multiprogramming operating system allows multiple programs to reside in the main memory. That's absolutely correct. We saw at the same time that the CPU can work continuously without remaining idle. Meaning, do n't even sit down. In the diagram What is in this diagram? The operating system manages different processes such as P1, P2, P3, P4 stored in the main memory when CPU is executing one process. Meaning he is working on a job in P1. And that process required an IU operation. Input/output operations should be performed from secondary storage. The CPU does not wait. The CPU will not wait for when the goods will arrive here. No. Instead the operating system performs switching and immediately assigning another process like P2 to the CPU. Meaning it will shift to someone else.

[00:27:09]This technique improves CPU utilization. That's absolutely correct. Increase system efficiency. Absolutely and reduces idle time. If it is idle time then I will let you sit idle.

[00:27:18]Bella will let it sit by keeping several programs ready for execution simultaneously. So what do we call this? Multi-programming operating system.

[00:27:28]This is a multi-programming operating system.

[00:27:30]Now comes multitasking and time sharing. Which is also present in today's computers.

[00:27:35]Now how does this work? Let's assume you have opened three things on your computer.

[00:27:40]Task one, task two, task three. We consider it as such. In one we have opened WhatsApp.

[00:27:47]In one we have opened Ina and in the other we have opened Snapchat.

[00:27:54]Now brother, when we use a computer or phone, do we know what it feels like? This is happening very fast. But actually it is not like that. Multitasking is happening there.

[00:28:01]How? The CPU will give equal time to all three. Like how much did the CPU give to task one?

[00:28:11]Gave 10 nano seconds. As if 10 nanoseconds passed, he shifted to another task. CPU gives 10 nanoseconds to this one, then to this one, then back to this one. So this is how they are becoming so fast.

[00:28:22]We feel like everything is moving fast. But this is not happening.

[00:28:25]We have given time to everyone. Multitasking and time sharing operating system. See A multitasking and time-sharing operating system allows multiple tasks to run at the same time by sharing CPU time between them.

[00:28:39]The operating system gives each tos small amounts of CPU time. Exactly, we also said the same thing that a small amount of time is given to the CPU. Then quickly switches to another task. This switch happens very fast. This switching happens very fast.

[00:28:58]So user feel that all programs are running together simultaneously.

[00:29:01]It is so fast that the user feels that all the work is being done very fast. It helps users perform different activities like browsing, listening to music and chatting at the same time. We can do everything at once. Time While Giving A Smooth And Fast Response. What is this?

[00:29:20]Multitasking and time sharing.

[00:29:25]After this comes the multi-processing operating system.

[00:29:29]Friends, what we read was that brother, we have a multiple core processor.

[00:29:35]What is a multiple core processor?

[00:29:38]Inside a chip, we divide the processor into cores.

[00:29:40]Ok? And what happens in this? Each core works like an external individual CPU. These cores work like separate CPUs.

[00:29:53]And after that there is multiple CPU, which means that we will install two chips and inside it there can be four chips, this one can also have four chips, this one can also have four chips, it can also be four chips, so now the software required to run these, the operating system required is called multi processing operating system, read a multi processing operating system uses two or more CPUs and course to execute multiple processes at the same time. The same thing comes up that I just said, if more than two cores or CPUs have to be used directly, then what do we need for that? Multi- processing operating system is required. In this system, different processors work together and share tasks to improve system performance and speed. Each processor can execute a separate process simultaneously. Each processor is doing a different job. Okay, right? We increase CPU utilization and all faster processors of programs.

[00:30:55]Multi processing systems are commonly used in modern computers. Well, it happens nowadays also because we have to divide the load efficiently.

[00:31:02]See how the work process one P2 P3 P4 job is operating system, which one is multitask, our multi processing, now this is core one, core two, core three, core four or you can call CPUs as different, now the job of P1 has been given to it. I gave him the P2 job. I gave him the P3 job. I gave him the P4 job. And what has happened to us? Multi-processing operating system. We had also read this thing. Do you remember anything? We had also read this.

[00:31:32]I think we also read about this in the hardware section, internal hardware, if you remember. Ok? That's why I am saying that lectures should be conducted in chronological order.

[00:31:41]One thing will be related to another.

[00:31:43]After this comes the real time operating system. Now what has he said? Look friends, this is the operating system in which we have to reduce the time and latency completely. Let me tell you an example. Suppose air bag.

[00:32:04]Now the air bag is an electronic device. There will be an operating system inside it also. Now the technology that is being used is such that as soon as there is an impact on it, it will have to open and if it gets delayed, what happens if it gets delayed? It is dangerous.

[00:32:25]Ok? This is where your defense system radar system is, as soon as a missile is launched, as soon as a missile is launched, our defense system gets to know that a missile has been launched. So the defense missile also comes out from here and if there is any delay in it then there is loss. So what do we call this thing? This is what we call real time operating system. This type of operating system is a real-time system. The time interval required to process and respond to input is very small. It should be very little. This input, this time interval is called response time. Real time operating system is used when there are time requirements that are very strict like missile system traffic control. Now in traffic control also if the red, green and blue leaves are back and forth then there will be problem. Yes, now how does it work, see brother, there is task one.

[00:33:26]In task one it goes into your kernel. Now what will the kernel do in it, it will do task scheduling, interrupt handling, memory management, all these are its jobs, so from here it is happening directly and it is becoming very fast.

[00:33:38]Now there is one thing here, hard real time and soft real time. What is hard real time? Missing at the deadline is a system failure. Hard is real time. If there is a delay in opening an air bag, then we will call the delay as hard real time.

[00:33:55]And what is soft real time? Hard real time means if there is a problem then the person is finished.

[00:34:02]Okay, right? If there is a delay in opening the air bag then brother what is the problem and soft real time? As you have seen, you are watching my video right now, if your network becomes a little slow then my video will not stop. If my video reduces its quality then what do you call it?

[00:34:18]Soft real time guys. okay brother? Then comes your network operating system. This is very easy. Understand it this way. If we want to connect devices through network then for that we need a network operating system.

[00:34:32]A network operating system is an operating system that helps multiple computers connect and communicate with each other through a network. It allows users to share files, printers, applications and internet connections easily. Look brother, it's a simple thing. Sometimes you might have seen that there are five computers installed. Now there is only one printer installed in five computers. Everyone is connected with them. So the operating system with which they connect is called our network operating system.

[00:35:04]And here one computer works as a server and all the others work as clients. This is what is written here. So friends, this is where our operating system ends. I hope you liked this video and understood it. If you understand then please comment.

[00:35:22]Rest brother, for updates on when it will come, follow me on Instagram.

[00:35:29]My handle is Verma Sir.

[00:35:32][sound of clearing throat] So, see you in the next lecture. Till then, thank you so much. Jai Hind.