Persistent coronal holes on the Sun during solar maximum are weakening the heliosphere, which normally protects the Solar System from galactic cosmic rays; this weakening allows more cosmic radiation to reach Earth, and research shows a moderate positive correlation between increased galactic cosmic ray flux and global seismic energy release, suggesting that these cosmic rays may influence atmospheric conditions that could trigger earthquakes, particularly when combined with other factors like planetary alignments and geological stress points.
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The Solar System's "Shield" is Weakening as Cosmic Radiation and Earthquakes may soon SURGE
Added:Hey everyone, geohysicist Stefan Burns here. We have just had a magnitude 6.4 earthquake right off the coast of Papa New Guinea. This is the strongest earthquake that we've had in quite some time. And so looks like global seismic activity has gone back to high levels.
It's only been moderate and low levels for the past few days. And we've been in a little bit of a lull. If we consider a longer time frame, back on March 28th, for example, it was extremely high with that magnitude 7.7. We've had some magnitude 7 plus earthquakes since then, some high magnitude sixes. Now, we've been going down, but the sun remains very, very dynamic. We have this massive coronal hole. I've been talking about this a lot. And so today we're going to discuss another factor as it relates to how these coronal holes on the sun affect the energetics not only here on earth but of the entire solar system because normally we nor we see these during solar minimum and they're around the polar regions. We'll look at some of that uh imagery from past solar cycles the last solar minimum. Right now though we are in solar maximum. We are about to have a very low sunspot number for May of under 100, probably actually under 80 for the month, which is going to be a massive drop in our sunspot number. So, we could maybe we entered into the descending phase very early. I do think we're going to rebound out of that. But the point is is that to have these massive coronal holes and to have them fairly close to the solar equator is quite anomalous at least for our records of solar activity which let's keep in mind is extremely limited if we consider the actual lifetime of the sun. So in that context all this is probably totally normal. The sun has a lot of expressions, but it does seem that the sun has given up a little bit because we have these huge patches now in the corona, the outermost atmosphere of the sun where there is no plasma anymore.
And these magnetic fields are open. They extend all the way out deep into space.
They don't loop back and connect to the sun. And this has implications as it relates to the heliosphere because of solar maximum with the solar flares and the chronal mass ejections. Normally the heliosphere is at its strongest and as a result it directs more galactic cosmic rays from outside and around the solar system to go in other directions because these are very highly charged particles emitted from different galaxies and stars and explosions and such. And so when they hit these magnetic fields of the heliosphere they route around. But right now in solar maximum when the heliosphere should be strongest in fact these coronal holes are weakening it because they reduce the dynamic pressure of the solar wind because they're of such a low density high velocity but very low density solar wind and that causes the heliosphere to shrink and when the heliosphere is shrinking you get more galactic cosmic ray flux. Now how does that relate to earthquakes?
Well, there's a moderate correlation between galactic cosmic rays coming in and earthquake and specifically global seismic energy release. And that is because we see this connection between what happens with the atmosphere specifically like the ionosphere and also with troposphere for example like a cyclone can move over a what they would call a matured fault, a fault that's near its critical stress threshold and cause it to rupture. And we have a lot of examples of that. And these galactic rays get absorbed directly into Earth's uppermost atmosphere, the ionosphere.
This can cause ionospheric disturbances and create these atmospheric gravity waves. And this can also interact with the lithosphere and trigger perhaps earthquakes. This is still a connection that we're exploring. So we have a sun that is in solar maximum but has these massive coronal holes which are causing the heliosphere to be weakened. There's already a lot of correlative evidence between coronal holes and giant earthquakes. We've been talking about that in depth. But the fact that the heliosphere is very likely shrinking as a reduction as a result of the reduction in the dynamic pressure of the solar wind means that we should expect galactic cosmic ray flux to start rebounding to increase. more galactic cosmic rays coming into the earth geohysical system is going to change the parameters in the geoysics of the atmosphere namely the ionosphere and all the layers down to the troposphere and therefore that could cause global seismic energy release to go up. So that's what we're going to explore in today's video. Um again this is not the end of the world. I want to be very clear with that. But these are rhythms and trends that we see and observe and that we're learning a lot about. There's a whole wide range of expression for the sun, the earth, the other planets. We've been living in a interglacial period. So things have been general fairly nice and we're used to that and we like stability, you could say. And in in reality, the Earth is much more dynamic than the current epoch that we've been living in, let's say, for the past 12,000 years. And the sun also has these regular rhythms of activity, but it probably has a much wider range of expression that we don't have direct experience with. The biggest thing that we've seen with modern historical observations going back to the Carrington event, which is actually when we had our first observations of a solar flare, the first solar flare we ever saw was the Carrington solar flare, which perhaps was a magnitude, it was like a x64 flare. That's one of the estimates for that massive, massive solar flare.
That range is very limited. So, this is probably very normal, but in the context of what we've observed thus far, it's quite atypical. So, that's what we're going to explore today. Let's get right into uh before we get into some of this Helios data, let's get right into our uh earthquake for Papa New Guinea because that just popped off and we have that right here. So, this is the location and you see it's just right off the the northern coast there and it was at 1505 UTC today, magnitude 6.4 four and the ring of fire seems to be reawakening. The interesting thing I just wanted to mention here, I'll probably do a dedicated video on this, but uh I find it interesting that we have all these planetary resonances going from now through 2026 with Saturn and Neptune and they're crossing over the zero degree mark between Pisces and Aries. Pisces being water and like the deep ocean and then Aries being fire, exalted sun. uh very it's like this initiatory energy, right? And there's nothing really more initiatory than like a new volcano erupting. And we're seeing all these uh prophetic um visions for like July of 2025, both out of uh Japan and Thailand, both lining up with saying that something volcanic may occur in this area and trigger like a really big tsunami. And that's a perfect expression of the planetary resonances that are currently active with Saturn and Neptune doing that conjunction at zero degrees of Aries uh the very first degree of the zodiac in February 2026. So, um, there's a lot of ways that could express itself, but it's interesting how this narrative is kind of taking shape and we see all the volcanism that exists across the ring of fire because of the subduction of the plates and, you know, you have tons of volcanoes in Japan, of course, all throughout Indonesia, the Philippines, like this whole area is super volcanically active. Those are the volcanoes that we see on land. What about all the volcanoes that are underwater that we do not see? Right, there is a lot. Keep in mind, most earthquakes from volcanic activity are quite weak. So, under magnitude 4. And the global seismic network really only picks up earthquakes magnitude 4 and greater. So unless you have seizographs really close by, you're not going to get those magnitude 3, magnitude 2, negative magnitude earthquakes even from let's say undersea volcanic activity. So our understanding of what's happening at depth in the deep abyss with these volcanoes is very very limited. We are seeing though for example uh Hawaii is having some maybe maybe you can't call it record eruptions but um Kiloway has been exceptionally active right that's fed from a deep uh mantle source like a hot spot right we've seen campful gray recently be really really active uh back in 2024 April May also this February a seismic burst and then also a 4.4 before just recently in Campify Flare, right?
Our our super volcano fed from a hot spot Vuvius just nearby. U we have this hotspot volcano that is off the coast of Oregon in Washington, right? The axial seamount that seems to be waking up. Uh there's Iceland which is fed by a hot spot that has been very very active. We have a lot that is happening right now and it seems to be coming from the deep deep mantle. These hotspot volcanoes really seem to be active. And the thing to keep in mind there is one of the ideas as to why there's a correlation between galactic cosmic rays and earthquakes is that if earthquake activity is driven in some part from changes to the geodimo which is what creates earth's magnetic field or at least that's one of the leading ideas right this magnetic field generation. If changes to that influence earthquake activity on a more global longer time frame, the magnetic field also determines how many galactic cosmic rays we receive and observe here on Earth.
And so that's why there would be a correlation. It's not necessarily that galactic cosmic rays are directly causing earthquakes, though we do know that they influence cloud formation.
There was this research paper that came out uh suggesting that they actually create the ionized channel for a lightning strike to occur within and then to release that potential energy in a thundersell. Um so there's probably a combination of these things but uh the galactic cosmic ray flux could also be an indicator of how the geodynamo of the earth itself is changing. Therefore the magnetic field we do know that the magnetic field of the earth has been moving very rapidly. the northern pole at least the positive um the negative polarity poll has been moving very rapidly from Canada to Siberia though it has slowed down recently. So a lot to discuss in today's live stream and uh let's I want to show you this graphic here. This is uh pretty interesting.
This is from NASA. This is great because it shows the coronal hole and it shows the solar wind and we'll see this change in the magnetosphere of the earth. So here the chronal hole is now rotating basically into view and you see this compression of magnetic field. That's that high-speed stream. That's what we're in right now because this chronal hole is huge. We're still transiting that geoffected position of it. So we are having changes to our magnetic field as a result of that. But there's also larger heliospheric changes as a result of these chronal holes because of the change in the dynamic pressure of the solar wind which causes that that that dynamic pressure goes down then the heliosphere is going to shrink a little bit and it's going to let more of these galactic cosmic rays in. And typically you get more galactic cosmic rays uh during solar minimum, but right now we're in solar maximum. So it's a little bit of a oppositional thing right now. Like we wouldn't expect the heliosphere to be weak, but it seems evidence would suggest that it is weakening right now as a result of these persistent coronal holes that are on the sun that have been rotating on the sun now for a while.
Let's just give that a look one more time.
uh because it's really this is not something you see every day. Again, the ninth rotation, it's only been getting bigger and bigger since October. Ninth rotation's been very, very large. 7, eight, and nine have all been about the same size. It's kind of hard to exactly judge which one was bigger, but seven, eight, and nine all about the same size.
Um or they have been different sizes.
Slight differences. All very, very, very large. And so that's the thing. If this had only opened up for two two months or so and then closed back up, well, okay, maybe the effect on the heliosphere isn't that much because it's kind of a transient influence.
But but if it's there for seven months, eight months now, now we're really talking going back to October, that's a long time. I mean, we're getting we're getting close to will this thing last a year? This coronal hole perhaps will be on the sun for a year. So, let's look at some of the differences between solar maximum and solar minimum coronal holes.
This is just a uh post that was put out by NASA, the scientific visualization studio. And there's this is just like a sample. Okay, so this is not um the only one. But here we see example of chronal holes on the sun in 2019, which is during solar minimum. And so you see that they're quite large, right? I mean, this is fairly large. We get some down there. IRC is really big one at the poles, right? Most of the uh studying that's been done on how coronal holes affect the heliosphere is discussing these polar coronal holes. Um but in this case, we're looking at these more transquatorial ones, you know, at least closer to the equator. Now, here we have an example of solar maximum. And you see that and this is going back to um 2014, April 2014. And you do see a coronal hole on the sun there. This guy, it's moderately large. But doesn't look like solar minimum. Which one are we in right now?
If you were just like, if you didn't know anything else about sunspots or anything, if you look at our sun right now, would you say it's closer to solar minimum or solar maximum based on how the sun looks? Well, it looks a lot more like solar minimum. Um it's not we're not in solar mimma but that's showing the the odd kind of properties of the sun right now at least from our observational standpoint which is very limited in time. Keep that in mind. U so you do get chronoles during solar maximum as uh this video shows here.
Again you know pretty big but moderately large but not massive like what we're seeing now. And so we can expect that our heliosphere is changing as a result of that. Here we have our galactic cosic rays. And so you can we have you know a count of our galactic rays. We know what they're doing. We have a good data on this. Here we see the modulation of uh neutron flux which is a proxy for these galactic rays across time going all the way back to 1965.
And so, uh, I'm going to turn myself off here. And so, you see these cycles. And if you go, uh, well, up here we have solar minimum. And these these these troughs are solar maximum. Okay? So, you'll notice that right now galactic cosmic ray flux is low because we are in solar maximum. And it is lower now than it was during solar maximum in solar cycle 24. It's about equivalent to solar cycle 23. But we may get a rebound out of that much faster than solar maximum for solar cycle 23. This is a fairly long period there. We may because these chronal holes start to see that bounce up pretty fast. That could be a thing. And if you go back in time, you see that we have had periods where the galactic cosmic ray flux was lower during a solar maximum period like here at the end of the at the beginning of the 90s and actually some really big variations there. If we go up just to check out our more recent data, you see our 24-hour flux. Nothing really to comment on there, just minor variations. And then here's our 30-day flux. And so you see that galactic causes are going up. And then we had a decrease because of the G2 storm and also um some earlier unsettled activity here beginning of May. But now we're back up and we're actually close to the highest values that we've had galactic cosmic rays for about 30 days now. But again, if we look at solar cycle 25, we see that our galactic cosmic ray flux is low now. But that's likely to start increasing because of these long persistent very large coronal holes that are currently on the sun. So um I have some research papers linked in video description discussing the connection between galactic cosmic rays and earthquakes and so activity and stuff. So if you want to read that you may uh I would definitely recommend you check that out. Here we have our global seismic activity as provided by volcano discovery. And you see when this seventh rotation of the coronal hole came in how all of a sudden and went geffective how all of a sudden global seismic energy increased and then we also had of course rotation number eight. It stayed fairly elevated. We have gone down a bit but in general we've been having more earthquake activity than we were immediately preceding this as that coronal hole was getting bigger and bigger and bigger with rotation five and six and so on. But it has cooled off since the 7.4. four off the southern coast of South America. Um, and so it'll be interesting to see this picks back up again because our sunspot numbers are quite low and there's a connection a a correlation inverse relationship between sunspot numbers and earthquakes. And again, we don't know the exact mechanism of this. It's probably almost certainly multiffactorial, but we see that our current seismic activity level for today is high because of that magnitude 6.4 for earthquake in Papa New Guinea. And we have our map here on uh our USGS map right here. And there's the location of that 6.4 uh at 1505 UTC today. And we have had some other earthquakes since then. 4.9 on the Mid-Atlantic ridge and then also another 4.9 u on the other side of Africa there. And if we go to our largest earthquakes here, we see that 6.4 is by far the largest. Again, Papa New Guinea. We see that after that's a 5.6 right on the Mid-Atlantic ridge in between North America and Eurasia, close to the Zores.
Maybe it's close to Atlantis. And let's actually go to our 7-day uh view here. Magnitude 4.5 and greater. And we see the 6.4 four in Tonga. That was back on the 14th. So nearly a week ago now. Uh then outside of that 6.4 Papa New Guinea. And the Greece and Tonga earthquake occurred like within uh 12 hours of each other.
Basically that was right as we had that geomagnetic um well we had a bit of a kind of a burst of seismic activity.
Thank you Curtis for the super thanks.
uh an H alpha. The sun is looking calm today. There's nothing interesting on my stream on the other channel. Yeah, there's not too much happening with the sun right now other than this coronal hole. It's by far the most interesting thing on the sun right now. That plasma filament did blast off recently. We do have an updated I do have a space weather model from NASA on that. Now this is from NASA and we see a very low density plasma filament or basically coronal mass ejection launch out. This is the Earth right there. This is the sun. We're looking top down, western limb, eastern limb. This we're looking at basically like the the the particle density of the solar wind. We see it's not that dense according to their model.
We see the propagation mostly going to the north which does make sense, but it's quite wide. like they're really showing a pretty wide shock wave from that plasma filament in our ecliptic view and but they don't show wide propagation on our south view. So I think this is going to be stronger than they show here and I do think it's going to sweep by the earth. It's probably it's not going to be a direct impact but I think you know last one was the G2. I think this one could be stronger. So we do have that coming up uh very likely or we should perhaps you know there's going to be a higher likelihood of something occurring right around May 22nd 23rd.
That is the expected arrival time for that. But in general, yeah, right now the sun is fairly calm. Uh if we go to our 30-day view for earthquakes, we can do 30 days and you see that the largest magnitude again that 7.4 off off the south coast of South America. But this earthquake we just had today is one of the largest because it's a 6.4. So we see the 6.4 right there. It's the tied for third place with two other 6.4 earthquakes.
Um so yeah, earthquake activity is still high. The there's a time delay. what they what they uh found with some of this research is that there's a time delay between the high-speed stream and the galactic cosmic rays and the earthquakes. So that's something important to keep in mind. And let's actually look at the heliosphere here.
So here we have the sun and we see that it's made the solar wind in this magnetic field. So you have the polarity depends on what solar cycle you're in because it flips every 12 years. But what they found is that the heliosphere has a lot of dynamic qualities to it.
Has like these bubbles that form at the edge and there's like ripples and disturbances and ribbons and knots and it's a quite complex structure. Um, and so you you add complexity even more complexity onto it if you have these high-speed streams constantly running out. Now remember during solar minimum those chronal holes are typically packed at the poles and so you have those high-speed streams going out like this. But right now we have them going out more along the ecliptic plane. And so that's really going to be affecting the dynamic pressure of the solar wind in this zone facing towards the helopause which is taking the brunt of the energy from the interplanetary or the interstellar medium. And so we can expect, you know, that may not be the case, but we can expect that this helopause is actually shrinking in closer to the sun and all the planets. This is about 100 astronom astronomical units. Earth is at 1 AU.
There's evidence, you know, loose, don't take this too seriously, but there is some geological evidence that maybe two, three million years ago, the helio sphere was only like 0.5 astronomical units across and the earth was actually in the interstellar medium until, you know, for most of its orbit around the sun and it would cross in and out of the heliosphere because the interstellar medium was very, very dense. So there's some really interesting geohysical dynamics and how that affects the earth uh geohysical system and the global electric circuit climate and more is really interesting too because galactic cosmic rays uh they can trigger cloud formation and of course that has a broad variety of effects as it relates to planetary albido and heat trapping and weather of the troposphere and lightning activity and that's the global electric circuit earth electrification and more.
So, um it seems that when solar activity is weaker, you have um and you have more galactic cosmic rays that seems to correspond with ice sheets getting bigger. And so, for example, like the Laurentide ice sheet grew a lot during the um the Lamp excursion. And I can turn this on so you can kind of see what I'm talking about. During the last ice age, there was a huge ice sheet that covered over Canada, parts of North America, the Laurentide ice sheet that seems to have really grown significantly during the Lashamp excursion when Earth's magnetic field strength really decreased, let in a lot of more a lot more galactic cosmic rays. You know, just one factor in this. But there was also a series of grand solar minima that occurred at that time frame during that time. Um, and so if we, you know, let's say this is just the beginning of a of a long dynamic that's about to start playing out. We don't know. But if it is, we could maybe perhaps start to see things turn in terms of global climates.
Instead of it getting hotter, maybe things start to get cooler. And we know we know we're in an interglacial period.
Those don't last forever. At some point, I'm sure the Earth will shift out of this glacial system that's in. We've had house earth before. We've had snowball Earth. We've had all these different types of earth. Uh in general, the earth is electrifying though. So, galactic cosmic rays seem to be a pretty important part of that uh earth electrification process. Um so that is what we have uh right now active with the sun and the heliosphere based on that data appears to be um weakening. At least that's what that would suggest. Here we see our coronal hole nine times now. Again, so this has been a factor for a while though is very small there. But if it keeps persisting on the sun, we get rotation 10, rotation 11, rotation 12, then how that affects the heliosphere for um for the foreseeable future and going into solar minimum, right? We're we're only going closer to solar minimum. Now we're in solar maximum, but every day takes us closer to the descending phase and solar minimum when you would naturally expect the heliosphere to be weaker. How this is going to set us up for that period of time too. It's also very interesting because any changes that occur now are of course going to influence the future state that we'll have then. So this is a story that I'm tracking. Um there is a lag time it seems between these galactic cosmic rays and earthquakes. Um, and it also there's some evidence to suggest that the galactic the galactic cosmic ray flux and the modulation of that is also related to dynamic processes of the earth geodamo. But we know that we're getting more of them coming into the solar system right now just because the fact that the heliosphere is uh weakening, how much it's weakening, how significant that is, that is all uh data that we won't have until we are able to collect enough of it and crunch the numbers. But I'm sure that in five years time we'll be able to look back on solar cycle 25 and have that data on the heliosphere because they've been doing that with the IBEX probe uh for solar cycle 24 and even going beyond that.
So this is an interesting question from Savage. Thank you for the super thanks.
Can we build a uh real life shield like in Star Trek to prevent Earth from frying? Yeah, I don't know. I don't think these changes are necessarily bad.
I think everything happens for a reason.
And so um we saw uh like for example during the Lashamp excursion the Neanderls they disappeared. We saw a lot of megapaa u like there was a megapon extinction I believe is in Australia whereas in North America they were able to live up until the younger dus event but all these changes have led us up to now. So it's also galactic rays are very vibrational. you know they can interact with our body biologically and DNA and things of this nature. Everything happens for a reason. So uh it's just getting used to the changes. The lash excursion took like a thousand years to happen where you had the magnetic field and then decreased and then it rebounded. So in one human lifetime yes there's going to be changes maybe to the climate, weather, things of this nature, right? But it's not like it happens in five years and you're like duh and you get blasted and then you just incinerated by the sun or something from some flare like that's very likely not going to be the case. These are long-term changes that unfold and we're very adaptable. So so long as we are uh acting as stewards of the earth, I think that we'll be fine and this will take us to, you know, a new better earth hopefully. That's the that's the idea.
That's the goal. But we don't know when that's going to happen, how it's going to happen, what what that's going to look like. Uh but it all comes down to faith. If you have faith that things are going to work out, I think that's uh I think then everything will work out. So I'm not worried about these changes.
Just trying to accurately as best I can kind of see what's happening, forecast that out, share that with you all. So if you like that, then you can subscribe to the channel. I've been your host Stefan Burns, geohysicist, space weatherman, and more. We track what's happening with the sun, solar activity, space weather, but also planetary resonances. Again, this shift with Saturn and Neptune from Pisces to Aries and back and forth across that boundary at that zero point energy. And some of the other evidence about global uh seismicity and vulcanism really has me um really has me kind of closely looking at what's happening especially with the ring of fire which is why I wanted to jump on the live stream to talk about this magnitude 6.4 in Papa New Guinea because it's the first significant earthquake we've had in a few days. Um we haven't we've had a little bit of reduction and it is in this ring of fire. So we discussed that geological events, geohysical energies and of course these cosmic forces like the galactic cosmic ray. So if you like the sound of that then please subscribe.
Uh thank you all so much for watching.
Wishing all of you well. Please take care of yourselves. We'll see if this plasma filma impact comes in around May 22nd 23rd. Uh we do have a very large sunspot group rotating towards Earth center and direct over the next few days. Let me show you that. Um this is going to appear in less than a week's time. We'll see if it remains quiet or if it wakes up and does something. Uh I don't know. I'm kind of getting a little bit of an intuition that we're going to get something from this. But I and what the significance of that is, I don't know. But I described that in my last video with solar cycle 15, how that was very similar to what's happening right now. Uh but here we have our um intensity gra for the far side of the sun. So in about 5 days that is going to rotate towards the eastern limb appear on the earth facing side and so in 12 days time it's going to be earth center and direct around 12 days from now and that will take us right to the end of May beginning of June and that will be after Saturn moves into Aries. And so uh it's interesting I've been thinking about this for a while. I was actually thinking a while back that Saturn moving into Aries would cause a sunspot number drop because Saturn is like a limiter.
It's a block. It's fallen in Aries. And so it makes sense that we would see some sort of like limitation and drop or block in solar activity, but it's also a manifesttor. Makes things real. Finally gives you that end result. And um right now we're in solar maximum. The sun is exalted in Aries. And so an expression of that be like, okay, we're going to drop sunspot numbers, but we're going to give you a huge solar flare, a huge coronal mass ejection.
that that is kind of resonant with the archetypal expression of Saturn and Aries. And so that's going to be right in that strike zone immediately after Saturn crosses into Aries for the first time with Neptune there. And again, that historic conjunction at 0 degrees in 2026, they nearly get there to conjunct at two degrees in July, which is when all these prophetic um visions of people, you know, that they've had like this July 5th, 2025 big volcanic explosion in between like Japan and Thailand. Who knows that's going to happen or not. I hope it doesn't, you know, doesn't sound good, but uh it's it's a Japanese person and a Thai person that both independently had that vision.
So, that's kind of interesting. So, I'm paying attention to that, too. Lines up with the astrology, uh the archetypal energies. And so, but we we will see if this gives us any activity. It has not been active on the far side or else we would have seen chronal mass ejections blast off, right? We would have had those signatures show up in the chronograph. So, it's been quiet now for a while. Hasn't really done much for a while. We'll see if it wakes up, though, because this is the biggest sunspot that's on the sun right now in general.
There's no bigger sunspot than this one right now. So, we'll keep an eye on that, too. Please subscribe. Again, take care of yourselves because right now, we may be in a bit of a solar activity low, having now come off of that G2 storm.
We've had a lot of activity recently. We may have that plasma filament come in.
Now, it's just a little bit of a lull.
So do what you can to arrest if you're really sensitive to this stuff because more is likely to come or likely to rebound out of that sunspot number low that we've uh that we're going to have for May. And we may have quite a bit of solar activity for the rest of this year going into 2026 because we are still in solar maximum though right now we're having kind of an odd expression of that with these coronal holes and the big sunspot number drop and we'll see how that relates to earthquakes. I'll keep you up to date. So thanks everyone. Wish all of you well again.
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