NIPER JEE 2026 | Biotechnology: Complete Syllabus Part-II | 360 Series #niperpreparation #niperexam

追加: 2026-05-16

[00:00:00]Hello everyone, welcome see you all in GDC.

[00:00:02]Students will discuss 30 important questions from Biotechnology Part 2 Complete Syllabus in Sniper 360 series today.

[00:00:10]In the previous part i.e. Biotechnology Part One, I had told you about 30 important questions and even today we are dealing with the Biotechnology subject.

[00:00:21]We are going to discuss 30 important questions of Complete Syllabus Part 2. The first question is, which of the following is involved in the epigenetic modification of DNA?

[00:00:33]What plays a role in epigenetic modification of DNA?

[00:00:34]Histone, DNA polymerase, Taq polymerase or all of the above? Who has an important role? So students, remember that sir, if we talk about epigenetics, then sir, the histone proteins that are present in which DNA is present on top of which what? Yes, the head is embedded or we can say that what is the DNA on it on which it overlaps?

[00:00:57]It is overlapped. Actually he has skipped those terms from his mind. So what do we call that, sir? These are basically responsible for histones. So epigenetic modification refers to a change in gene expression that does not allow or alter the DNA sequence itself. One key mechanism of epigenetic modification is histone modification. Histone Modification: Here you get to see the best modification. Yes.

[00:01:23]Melting point of DNA is defined as the temperature at which the DNA melts. What does melting point mean? Melting point means where 50% of the molecule becomes what? It may degrade, it may be destroyed. So if we talk about the melting point of DNA, then what will be the point where 50% of the DNA becomes what? Let it melt. This is also a question from a student of Sniper J Double 2015.

[00:01:48]What will be option number B here? Yes, it will be correct. So simply look what it says is that the melting point of DNA is also known as a melting temperature. It is defined as the temperature at which 50% of the DNA molecules in a solution are denatured that has become a single standard. At this point, half of the double-stranded DNA has melted and denatured into a single standard due to disruption of hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. The next question is about inhibition of mammalian gene expression, especially at the level of mammalian gene expression. If you have to inhibit any mammal, we all are mammals, then sir, at which level does it have to be inhibited, enzymes, proteins, lipids or fats. If we talk about gene expression, you must have read that sir, DNA has genetic information and genetic expression is the property to exhibit, who has the properties to exhibit any of its properties? Protein has it.

[00:02:54]So if you want to stop gene expression, sir, you have to inhibit the protein.

[00:02:59]Because who owns the property of the exhibition? Student is near protein. That's why options will be correct.

[00:03:07]This question was asked by a student of NIPER JW 2006.

[00:03:09]So gene expression refers to the complete process from the transcription of DNA into RNA to translation into protein and its activity of these proteins inhibiting gene expression at the protein level includes inhibiting translation. Translation is the process by which mRNA forms proteins using SI single standard which is RNA, mRNA that silences mRNA. What are all these used here, students? The linkage present between the ribose and phosphate group in adenine triphosphate. The linkage present between the ribose and phosphate, that is, the deoxyribose sugar or ribose sugar which is a pentose sugar and the bond present between the phosphate is also known by the name of phosphodiester bond. So sir, what is present in it, diester ester group is present. So sir, ether ester amide or anhydride. So sir, what will be the option, student, student? Option number B that is the Aster Sniper J Double 2017 question. Yes, you will see that when we solve the previous year's question paper of Sniper, the Sniper questions are a bit easy.

[00:04:22]Meaning, we cannot say it is easy but yes, such questions come which you can solve easily.

[00:04:26]Very basic level questions come.

[00:04:28]Highest Moderate to High will also come.

[00:04:31]But there are basics level questions too and these basics level questions help you in clearing the cut off because everyone will know the basics questions and this is the rule of the competition that whatever everyone knows, you should also know it and whatever no one knows, you should also know it, only then you can qualify. So these are all such questions that will come to everyone. Therefore, you should not make any mistakes in all these questions.

[00:04:52]Time will be less but solve it well.

[00:04:57]Read the question and solve it. Read all the four options carefully and solve them because if there are any mistakes then you will be very upset.

[00:05:03]Later you will feel regret that I missed this question or got it wrong.

[00:05:09]Silly mistakes were made. This will cause you trouble. Therefore, the question has to be solved very well.

[00:05:16]What does transfection mean? This is the question of G Sniper J Double 19. Yes.

[00:05:19]Transfection Transfer of genetic material between bacteria. Delivery of exogenous nucleic acids in eukaryotic cells. Ah DNA sequence which can change its position or none of the above.

[00:05:33]What does transition mean student? So sir transfection means delivery of exogenous nucleic acid into eukaryotic cells. Exogenous means nucleic acid which is from outside.

[00:05:45]If nucleic acid is present inside a eukaryotic cell, it means deoxyribose nucleic acid. We are talking about ribose nucleic acid i.e. DNA RNA.

[00:05:51]So inserting exogenous DNA or nucleic acid into a eukaryotic cell.

[00:05:55]Delivering that is the transition. What is that same process called student? So sir, we know it by the name of transition. So what are you saying? It refers to a process of introducing foreign DNA, RNA, and other nucleic acids into a eukaryotic cell.

[00:06:12]Foreign means exogenous. So, what is the insertion of foreign DNA or nucleic acid or RNA into a eukaryotic cell called, student? It is known as transfection. The short gun sequencing is used for the sequencing of the short gun method is used to insert. Which one is used for insertion? The question of NIPER JW 208 is from Biotechnology. Small DNA molecule, large DNA molecule, large RNA molecule, small RNA molecule.

[00:06:41]So it is understood that sir, what is done with the DNA molecule?

[00:06:45]What is done with the short gun method? Inserts are made, especially those that are large DNA molecules. Otherwise gel electrophoresis and all other mechanisms are used. So sir, the large DNA molecules are used by the short gun method. See what Short Gun Sequencing is saying: It is a laboratory technique used to sequence large DNA molecules. Knipper Theory at Your Finger Tips.

[00:07:10]It has been mentioned to you in the second edition, page number 46, that you can read these things in the book Sniper Theory at Your Fingertips and I hope that you must be reading Sniper and must be preferring this book.

[00:07:25]Do not skimp at all at the last moment, do not think for a moment that why should we buy it or not, buy it 100% because the career is yours and the more effort you invest in all these things in gaining knowledge, the better your rank will be and the better your future is going to be. So definitely read this book. There are questions in theory books and objectives and what can you do in theories? You can read these theories. G stands for the GPCR.

[00:07:52]What does G stand for in G protein coupled receptor? This is also a question of both the years of NIPER G DUBLE 2021 2022. Yes.

[00:08:00]What does G stand for in G protein coupled receptor? So Sir Guan happens. What question could be simpler than this? Yes sir, option number A student will be corrected here. So you are seeing this type of questions here.

[00:08:10]So sir GPCR stand for the G protein coupled receptor large family of cell surface receptors involved in signal transduction. You must have read all the points of pharmacology in these. You must have read Pathways. The G in GPCR refers to the G protein which is named for its ability to bind guanine nucleotides. GDP is called guanylate triphosphate.

[00:08:31]GDP stands for Guanine Diphosphate.

[00:08:33]G proteins are activated when GTP is bound and are activated when GDP is bound. Ok? Let's formulate methionine used in translation in the beginning of what is he saying? That formulated methionine is used in translation initiation, that is, for whose protein synthesis, sir we use formulated methionine, what is the meaning of translation, protein synthesis, so sir for which protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis or all of the above, so sir where translation is happening, what does it mean sir, there will be synthesis of protein, it is simple, what is the meaning of translation sir, protein synthesis, this is the question of NIPER Jetabari 2018, is it okay? So sir formulated methonine it a modified amino acid used by prokaryotes like stercorallia, e.g. coli and other bacteria to initiate protein synthesis. It is a methionine molecule with a formyl group added to its amino group. What is the rule in translation protein synthesis saying? In prokaryotic cells, the first amino acid incorporated into a newly synthesized polypeptide chain is formyl methionine.

[00:09:43]Optimum pH for penicillin production should be: If penicillin is to be produced, then sir, what should be the optimum pH? Students, between 2 to 2.5, between 6.4 and 6.8, between 8.4 to 9.8 or between 3 to 5.5.

[00:10:00]When we talk about penicillin, the optimum pH is 6.4 to 6.8.

[00:10:05]Or in pharmacology also, what would you have discussed about penicillins? Option number B student will be correct here. Sir, penicillin is produced by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Basically this is for commercial sources. Previously Penicillium notatum was first obtained from notatum. Yes.

[00:10:22]It is obtained through aerobic fermentation process.

[00:10:25]The pH of the medium plays a critical role in optimizing the growth of the microorganism and the biosynthesis of penicillin. That is, for the growth of Penicillium Chrysogenum from which we obtain penicillin, pH is considered very important for its culture.

[00:10:38]Student's pH consideration of 6.4 to 6.8 is considered optimal here. Yes, it's okay, right? At the slightly acidic to neutral pH, the enzyme systems responsible for the biosynthesis of penicillin are: What are they responsible for the biosynthesis of penicillin at this pH? Are responsible.

[00:10:59]Dolly is a transgenic animal. What is it sir?

[00:11:02]Dolly is a transgenic animal.

[00:11:04]Transgenic plant.

[00:11:06]Questions are also asked about transgenic animals and modified plants.

[00:11:09]So remember what Dolly Transgenic is for? For the Rabbit, for the Peak, for the Dog or for the Ship? So simply remember that Dolly transgenic is for ship. Yes. Option number A She was named Dolly. This is the question of Sniper J Double 2023. A mouse was the first successfully transgenic.

[00:11:29]Who was the first transgenic animal? It was a mouse. Dolly the Sheep Was the First Cloned Mammal Ever to Creature from the Adult Cell. Dolly from adult cell to a ship first meaning what was done to it in this categories? A student who was cloned. Ok? The rest of the mouse is your first here. Yes. NIPER Practice Test Series where you will find all NIPER aspirants 2026 who are JEEPAT qualified. You will find almost all the children here. You simply need to download the GDC Classes app. Have to go in batches.

[00:12:01]Click on the bell icon of Plus Plus.

[00:12:04]You will enter the ner 26 batch code there and you can do your self-analysis there as to how much improvement you still need to do.

[00:12:11]How many marks are you getting among so many children?

[00:12:13]You must give the test for all these things. Make as much effort as you can at the last moment. Thymidine kinase What is thymidine kinase? G has the function of synthesis of DNA present in mammalian cells and in viruses or both A and B ser. Okay, right? It provides non-selective action of the antiviral drug.

[00:12:38]Not at all, sir. Thymidine kinase is not an antiviral drug. Sir, these are enzymes which basically synthesize your DNA and also whether it is an amyloid cell or a viral cell, what are they?

[00:12:49]These are present. This was also Sniper's question. Yes. So what Sir is saying is that thymidine kinase it is a phosphate transferase enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of the thymidine to thymidine monophosphate. And it plays a critical role in the sludge pathway of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis which is essential for DNA replication and repair. Ok? Let's develop the first plant by genetic engineering.

[00:13:20]What was the first plant developed using genetic engineering?

[00:13:22]G. Lobeline, cotton, sugarcane or tobacco.

[00:13:26]First plant developed by genetic engineering. The first plant was developed through genetic engineering.

[00:13:33]You must know this very well. This is a question from Sniper G Double 2018. Sir, which plant was it? So Sir, you must have read about your tobacco plant called BT cotton. Yes.

[00:13:44]Okay, right? So in 1982 the first transgenic plants were produced in the tobacco plant Nicotiana tobacco which is expressed antibiotic resistant Agrobacterium.

[00:13:54]Antibiotic resistant was there.

[00:13:57]Yes, you people must have discussed Vasalas through GSC Tobacco also. This is a question from Sniper G Double E 2003. This is a question from 2005.

[00:14:05]Total potency is the process which is involved. Toti Potency What would you have done to study these mechanisms in plant tissue culture? You must have discussed it, read it. It is programmed cell death. It is the migration of cells or it is the ability to form monoclonal antibodies and it is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce a differentiated cell in an organism. Absolutely Sir Option number D Formation of complete organisms from single cells.

[00:14:32]That is the total potency. In plant tissue culture, this is the process where single cells divide and form a complete differentiated or mature plant cell.

[00:14:43]Forms the plant.

[00:14:46]Sir, the same mechanism, the same process is actually known as total potency.

[00:14:51]So plant tissue culture is your totty potency it is an ability to plant cells to generate into a whole plant. From a single cell we formed a whole plant of whole cells.

[00:14:59]That is the total potency.

[00:15:02]Pomto is naipo j double 18 ka question.

[00:15:06]You might have heard that potato plus tomato is made by mixing them. Potato plus tomato is combined to make pomato.

[00:15:14]So what is Pomato? It is a transgenic plant. Is tetraploid or first genetically engineered. So sir, first of all, this is not genetically engineered. This is not a plant, sir. It is tetraploid, that is, it has four ploidy because you will get two potatoes. You will get two tomatoes.

[00:15:30]So sir it must be tetraploid. There is also a transgenic plant because you have both potato and tomato. So sir, what will happen to the student in option number C here? It will be corrected. Both A and B are potatoes. Yes.

[00:15:43]So sir pomato it is a somatic hybrid also known as tetraploid but it is not the first genetically engineered plant. This isn't the first genetically engineered plant first. Student. Pomato it is a hybrid created by grafting a potato plant Solanum tuberosum with a tomato plant Solanum lycospersicum this hybrid results in a plant with both potato tubers and tomato tubers you can see both of these in it student okay biopiracy means this is also a question of NIPER J Double 2023 student the meaning of biopiracy has been asked it is genetic code of a plant and animal for commercial use genetic code for biotechnology it is genetic code used in replication or it is gene coding what is the meaning of biopiracy yes so the simple meaning of biopiracy is student your genetic code of a plant and animal for commercial use whatever genetic code of animal or plant is there for commercial use is called biopiracy student what is called biopiracy so see the definition it will become clear to you you will understand what the definition is saying sir Biopiracy refers to the unauthorized and unethical use of biological resources, particularly plant and animal genetic material, by organizations for commercial gain without fair compensation to the country and community that originally possesses the resources. What is the feature of this? Yes sir, it involves patenting and commercializing. You can take patents and commercialize indigenous plants, animals, traditional knowledge, etc. on all these without any consent. What can you do? You can take biopiracy. Which gel is used in this DSP age?

[00:17:32]Sir which gel do you use in S DSP AGE? This is a question from Sniper J Double 2020. Polyacrylamide Gel Pectin Gel Chitocin It is also known as Chitocin Gel or SLS Gel. Which jail sir what are the students in this mechanism? So sir, if it is used then remember that polyacrylamide gel is used. So first of all what is SDS Page sir? In gel electrophoresis, you must have read that sodium dedecyl sulphate polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis is in the name itself. Polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis is in the name itself. Here on the page itself, you would have solved the question with the full form. So sometimes if this type of question comes and you do not have such things in your mind then you should try to connect all these things.

[00:18:23]If you have time then skip to the next question otherwise move ahead because the time boundation is in the sniper. Isn't it?

[00:18:32]What is meant by mutagenesis? Tell me about mutation genesis brother. This is a question from Sniper J Double 2009.

[00:18:39]Mutogenesis Study to Formation of new cells due to mutation, Formation of new cells due to hybridization, Formation of new cells due to fuse and Formation of new cells due to mitosis.

[00:18:50]What do you mean by mutagenesis?

[00:18:53]So what would Sir Mutagenesis mean?

[00:18:55]So sir mutation means formation of new cell due to mutation. Sir, what will the generation, emergence, formation of a new cell due to mutation be called? So sir it will be called mutagenesis. Option number A: What will happen to the student here? So sir it will be correct. Creation of new cells due to mutation.

[00:19:12]That is a mutagenesis.

[00:19:15]clear? Let's come to the next question.

[00:19:18]Which of the following site is directed by mutogenesis? Which of these are sites that are directed through mutagenesis? Yes. Mutation of protein, mutation of DNA sequence, mutation of RNA sequence or all of the above? Which of the following site is directed by mutagenesis?

[00:19:37]Who will direct through mutagenesis? So mutation of DNA sequence mutation of DNA sequence.

[00:19:44]Sir, what will mutation of DNA sequence do? So sir, this is directed through mutagenesis. That is, through what does mutagenesis, which forms new cells, do so? Let's do it through DNA.

[00:19:53]So simply, side-directed mutagenesis refers to a technique where specific changes are introduced into a DNA sequence. We make specific changes to the DNA sequence to form a new cell. In them, if we want to hide mutation i.e. extra properties or some properties, then we can hide that property.

[00:20:10]In fermentation sterile air can be achieved by in fermentation.

[00:20:16]Sterile Air Can Be Achieved in Fermentation How is it Achieved by? And what will happen in fermentation sterile air can be achieved by fermentation through filtration, through ethyne oxide, through autoclave or through chemical sterilization? So sir there will be filtration. Hey, if we have to sterilize it, what will we do sir? Will do filtration. Only then will we be able to free the micro organisms. Especially fermentation which is going to happen in anabi conditions. So sir what will be the options here? Option number A student will be corrected here.

[00:20:46]Option number A student what will happen here? So Sir, it will be correct that what do we have to do in cases of fermentation? So what can we do to achieve sterilization through filtration? You can achieve it. Yes. Coming to the next question.

[00:20:58]A processor is used in fermentation process for the purpose of A processor is used in fermentation process for the purpose of A processor is used in fermentation. For what purpose? State the determination of structure, nutrition of the micro formation of the product or both A & C.

[00:21:17]Processors are used in fermentation process for the purpose of determination of structure, nutrition, or micro-formation of product or both A & C. So sir what will be the correct answer? Formation of product. Remember, it is obvious that whatever the process is, what will it do in future? Will form the product.

[00:21:37]What is the work of the prakars?

[00:21:38]Forming the product. This is the question of double 2009.

[00:21:40]So in fermentation technology, a preparation is a compound that is added to the fermentation medium to enhance and direct the biosynthesis of a desired product by the microorganism. The role of pretreatment in fermentation. Precisions are metabolic intermediates and building blocks that the microbial cell incorporates into the final product. Ok? And basically in microbial cells, we use yeast here mostly in fermentation.

[00:22:06]Capacity of Stir Tank Reactor What is the capacity of the stir tank reactor, the question of G Sniper J Double E 2020 is 10000 liters, 1000 liters, 5000 liters or 8000 liters Capacity of Stir Tank Reactor What is the stir tank reactor capacity, so sir it is 10000 liters, the stirrer that you see in bioreactors, you must have read that there is a blade and a stirrer, these are of different types. Isn't it? So sir, how much is this? So sir what is 10,000 for this? G is the capacity. This is large sir. Isn't it? In which of the following techniques is SDSPAG used? PAGE AGAIN YOUR POLYCRYL. Isn't it? So sir in which of the following techniques is STS page is used? What is it used in?

[00:23:00]Southern blotting for the detection of DNA.

[00:23:02]Western blotting is for the detection of proteins, polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA or fluorescence microscopy in which we use SDS PAGE technique students so remember western blotting means method for detection of proteins so in the application of HDS page you have been given the nipper theory ater finger tips page number is mentioned here 469 students it is used to measure the molecular weight of the molecule it is used to estimate the size of protein and purity of the protein used in peptide mapping and it is used in western blotting and protein UVItonization what do we do with these? Yes, I use it. ELISA which is enzyme linked immunosorbent is allowed for the rapid screening and quantification of the presence of amino acids, DNA, antigens, proteins. What do you do with Elisa? Yes, we find out from a sample by ELISA.

[00:24:01]When we do ELISA test, whether it is amino acid, DNA, antigen or protein, whose presence do you quantify there?

[00:24:09]So sir, what is antigen called?

[00:24:12]Student, so sir, antigen option number C, what will be here? Yes, sir, it will be correct.

[00:24:16]That is the antigen which of the following enzymes is commonly used in ELISA. Sir, which enzymes are commonly used in ELISA?

[00:24:24]DNA polymerase, horse radish peroxidase, restriction endonuclease or RNA lyase. Which enzyme do we basically use in ELISA? Most commonly, here in ELISA test, sir, which enzyme is used directly? Remember HRP i.e. horse radish peroxidase, okay, enzyme linked immunosorbent acid.

[00:24:46]That is the ELISA and the ELISA is a sensitive technique that is used. An enzyme antibody antigen combination is absorbed on to the side of the test. It is a biochemical technique, it has been explained.

[00:24:59]Horseradish peroxide and alkaline phosphatase and beta glucosidase are common enzymes used in ELISA.

[00:25:09]The most effective method for producing virus free plants. The most effective methods to produce virus-free plants are root culture, meristem culture, somatic embryogenesis or floriculture.

[00:25:23]The Most Effective Method for Producing Virus Free Plants. What will you do for virus free plant culture? Root culture will do.

[00:25:31]Meristem culture, somatic embryogenesis or floral culture. Flori means flowers. So what does sir say?

[00:25:37]Meristem culture. If you want a free plant, a virus free plant, what is meristem culture called? Let's use it.

[00:25:43]And meristematic tissue, that is, your meristem, is that part where cell divisions occur continuously. Isn't it? Where the cell divides continuously.

[00:25:54]You must have read about apical meristem, intercalary meristem, lateral meristem.

[00:25:58]You must have also discussed primary meristem and secondary meristem in the case of plants. Isn't it? Let's come to the next question. The jumping genes are also called jumping genes, student? The jumping genes are also called antiochose genes, trypanosoma, transposons, or all of the above? So tell me.

[00:26:20]Sir, there are antioncogenes, so it must be trypanosoma or transposons, all of the above is also not there, so sir, what would they be, they are called transposons, transposons are also known as jumping genes, student, by what name is it known as jumping gene, so transposable element is also known as jumping gene and transposons are the sequence of DNA that moves from one location to the other in the genome.

[00:26:48]They can move from one location to another. Transposition primarily involves the movement of specific pieces of DNA in the genome. The mobile segments of the DNA are called transposons and are known as transposable elements.

[00:27:00]The artificial and synthetic seeds are prepared by the following process. The artificial and synthetic seeds are prepared by the following process. Artificial or synthetic sheed is made through which process? Is it prepared? Somatic hybridization and culture, somatic embryogenesis and immobilization, micro projectiles and transformation or artificial pollination and embryogenesis.

[00:27:32]Which technical student mostly do we do here? Do you use it? Yes, what techniques do we basically use here? So Sir what do we say through Somatic Embryogenesis and E Mobilization Techniques?

[00:27:47]Artificial or synthetic seeds are formed. So what is sir saying? Procedure for production of artificial seed that is the established somatic embryogenesis mature somatic embryo. Then synchronization is done.

[00:28:00]Mass production takes place. Standardization takes place.

[00:28:02]After that artificial endosperms. After that, synthetic seeds are mass produced and then used in greenhouse and field planting.

[00:28:10]G. A technique of using very small metal particles coated with the desired DNA in the gene transfer called What do we do with the metal on top of the DNA? Let's quote that. Especially gold metal I think is used in it. So sir, what is that called? What will micro injection be called biolistic, lysosome or electroporation, student?

[00:28:29]So sir, this technique is called biological.

[00:28:31]DNA is coated with a metal and we use that metal in the form of gold.

[00:28:37]So let's see and read what the biology is saying. A technique of using very small metal particles coated with the desired DNA in the gene transfer it is called biolistic. DNA is bombarded into the intact cell using a biological device. What do we do with this gene gun? Then we insert it.

[00:28:52]Electroporation is mostly confined to protoplasts that can be regenerated into viable plants. Many cereal crops are developed using this technique.

[00:29:03]Micro Injection Limited Use Since Only One Cell Can Be Micro Injected. It can be injected only one cell at a time.

[00:29:10]And liposomes fuse into confinement to protoplasts that can be regenerated into viable whole plants. Isn't it?

[00:29:17]Baker yeast is the common name for yeast used in bakery.

[00:29:22]What is yeast?

[00:29:25]Bacillus subtilis is a bacteria.

[00:29:28]Lactobacillus acidophilus is a bacteria.

[00:29:31]In archaebacteria, you must have read about Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[00:29:37]What is yeast actually? It is a fungus. What is yeast? It is a unicellular fungus. Mostly fungi are multicellular, this is unicellular. It can develop in anaerobic conditions.

[00:29:47]It is also used in fermentation. It is also used in bakery.

[00:29:51]Saccharomyces cerebius student option C will be correct here. Yes. So baker's east the common name baker's east refers to the unicellular fungus Psychromyces cerebius. It is an eukaryotic microorganism belonging to the kingdom Fungi.

[00:30:06]It belongs to fungi. What do they do in the brewing industry, biotechnology, baking industry? We use it.

[00:30:13]The organism used in vitamin B12 fermentation.

[00:30:21]Which of these organisms are used by students in the fermentation of vitamin B12? Saccharomyces cerebrum, Pseudomonas dentrificans, Assia gossa gossapi and your Lactobacillus delboscii. What will happen? Yes, so sir, option number B is the Pseudomonas dentifrufen, this is used for fermentation when we talk about Vitamin B12. The chemicals here are ethanol and lactic acid. There are different organisms that you use. For Vitamin B12, you can use Pseudomonas dentrificans or Streptomyces oleraceus.

[00:30:58]So here you have been given different organisms for different products from which we obtain it. Be sure to remember this list before leaving. So we discussed 30th Question Part 2 in today's class.

[00:31:10]In the previous class also I had given you 30 cent questions. Please read these carefully before leaving.

[00:31:16]Many questions from previous years will be solved and by solving previous year questions we understand the level of the questions. You do n't need much to guide you.

[00:31:24]You guys have already become Zippat qualified.

[00:31:26]You know what to do and what not to do.

[00:31:29]So the most important thing is to study. You have to practice questions, solve them, revise them and keep working hard towards your goal. See you students in the next class with the next concept.

[00:31:42]Thank you everyone for watching GDC and supporting GDC. Thank you. Have a nice day student.