Ha Apollo Hospital don ki Doktor ba kyrpang halor Cancer bad ka Liver Transplantation.

Added: 2026-05-27

[00:00:05]The Apollo Multi Speciality Hospital Kolkata class done cancer robotic surgery but liver transplantation meet me but India.

[00:00:19]I will open your grandma doctor Apollo Hospital Rajiv senior consultant in on core surgery but doctor Randeep Ray head of liver transplant but senior consultant in gastrointestinal surgery but not a gym punk.

[00:00:41]The doctor India.

[00:00:49]Come talk to town meet me but the paper slam punk summer had even college.

[00:01:00]Good car why but the bunny gym punk.

[00:01:10]He's specialist junk robotics surgery but minimally invasive surgery but become summer but operation but instead of a gym punk.

[00:01:26]Hello punk liver the doctor liver transplantation but liver girl houses but good stage liver disease killer Andrew but total organ donation.

[00:01:45]The real shampoo good but the gym boy gym punk summer but the gym punk summer but cancer but the gym punk liver but your >> cancer percent of cancer. I didn't tell 100%.

[00:02:05]So, 20% may be from different reason.

[00:02:10]So, one important reason for if you take oral cancer So, just not only tobacco, if you have frequent oral bite, if you have frequent tongue bite or cheek bite that can also cause cancer because there also inflammation happens repeatedly and that can transform those cells into cancerous cell. So, if you have frequent oral bite, tongue bite or cheek bite, then you have to go to dentist and that sharp teeth should be grinded properly so that again that can like same injury should not happen again.

[00:02:49]So, those are also important and apart from this there is a viral origin of cancer as well. As I mentioned HPV, that is human papilloma virus, that is also one of the main reason for pharyngeal cancer. So, in plain area, if you see other part of India pharyngeal cancer due to HPV as such that is not very common, maybe around 15% or 20% but in northeast region, that incidence may be higher. In western countries, if you see pharyngeal cancer almost 80 to 90% is due to HPV. So, in northeast region, that incidence is also becoming similar to what western countries are having.

[00:03:39]So, apart from these alcohol also that can cause cancer, supari use because here as I I came I come to know that here they use fermented supari. What?

[00:03:52]What? So, that is also repeatedly, then that can cause some mucous fibrosis, and that will lead to oral cancer as well.

[00:04:02]So, tobacco is main Tobacco, supari is main culprit. Alcohol is also They are importing their knowledge to other doctors of Shillong.

[00:04:15]Uh We uh at Apollo Shillong, we are basically bringing all the super specialty doctors from various Apollo centers across India. across India.

[00:04:24]Uh See, what happens is whenever a patient comes, at least the first level of consultation, you are actually meeting the right kind of doctors where you'll be going to Calcutta and meeting them only.

[00:04:35]You know, or you're going to Chennai and meeting the doctors. So, they come at your doorstep, right? And you get the first level of consultations.

[00:04:43]Uh the medication is done here.

[00:04:45]In case any further intervention is needed, then it is up to the patient where they want to go. They want to go to Calcutta, to Guwahati, to Chennai, whatever. And at Apollo Shillong, what we do is we basically bridge that gap. We organize your entire treatment that will be done in Calcutta or in Chennai, right? All consultation, appointments, everything is taken care by the team here. So, that when you go to Calcutta or go to Chennai or go to Guwahati, you know, everything is smooth. Right. So, the first We are bringing the specialty doctor here, uh super specialty doctors from various uh uh streams. So, what happens is they are giving you the specialized service right at your doorstep here. Instead of you going to Guwahati or Calcutta and showing to the doctor, they are coming here. So, it's a big blessing for the people of the state and plus for our center also that we have such specialists coming from various Apollo centers to Shillong.

[00:05:48]here in Meghalaya. will be to decrease tobacco use in different forms, all forms.

[00:05:56]Decrease alcohol consumption. Be aware about SPV vaccination because pharyngeal cancer is quite common.

[00:06:04]And if you have symptoms then don't ignore those symptoms. You go to a specialist, get investigated and accordingly you take treatment so that your cancer should be detected at early stage and at that point of time cure rate will be very high.

[00:06:24]Patient will have good function. Patient will have good cosmetic. Patient will have good quality of life.

[00:06:32]So, head and neck cancer is not a death sentence.

[00:06:35]It's a preventable cancer and if it detected early then can be cured in majority of patient.

[00:06:46]Thank you.

[00:06:48]Firstly, medical facilities over Meghalaya has improved over whole of North East region, even Eastern region.

[00:06:56]Calcutta was also previously lagging behind, but now with good centers coming up in different part of Eastern region, especially Calcutta.

[00:07:08]So, a lot of progress have happened.

[00:07:11]So, similarly Shillong Shillong has good medical facilities now.

[00:07:17]So, but people are still not aware about those symptoms. Patient try the try to avoid going to a doctor.

[00:07:26]They don't accept that they have a major problem in his in their body.

[00:07:31]So, until unless they become aware about those symptoms those symptoms as I mentioned those are symptoms of head and neck cancer.

[00:07:42]So, if they are aware about this those symptoms, then obviously they will go to a specialist and get evaluated.

[00:07:49]So, that is your duty, media duty to spread awareness so that these patients can be detected at early stage. So, now lot of like doctors also previously they were not that much aware about these symptoms. But, with awareness campaign and all, they will be aware.

[00:08:10]So, people will be aware and that this awareness program will lead to early detection of cancer.

[00:08:18]So, if So, if facilities are not here, in that case obviously that facilities will be coming in future in different centers here itself. But, modern treatment facilities may take time here. But, that is also available just closer to northeast, that is in Kolkata. You don't have to travel to south, Chennai, Bangalore, Delhi, Bombay. Because everything is available in Kolkata now.

[00:08:48]So, bit because that that is as Dr. Ramdeep mentioned that Shillong is just only 2 hours away from Kolkata.

[00:08:58]So, gradually like one center if eastern region develops, then obviously surrounding first main one city if Kolkata develops, then gradually that other cities will also develop. So, gradually that modern treatment will come to each and every city of northeast as well as eastern India.

[00:09:19]And so So, this changes everything for Shillong.

[00:09:23]If the patient has a major, for example, a patient has a liver failure.

[00:09:27]>> [clears throat] >> Sometimes the patient needs a liver transplant in an emergency.

[00:09:32]Now, earlier the patient would take almost 10 hours.

[00:09:36]Even if from here to Guwahati and then by flight.

[00:09:39]But now now that has become you are within 2 hours of the most modern medical care that is available anywhere in the world.

[00:09:51]There is no treatment in our hospital there is no treatment that is not there. Any treatment that is there anywhere in the world is there and it is done by open surgery, by laparoscopic surgery, by robotic surgery.

[00:10:06]All options are there.

[00:10:08]But still the problem is now awareness.

[00:10:14]Awareness that this medical advanced medical care is there, it is affordable because sometimes the patients can afford, sometimes they have insurance, sometimes there's government funding and then after that there are patients on which there is NGO funding where it is possible by internet support, social media, crowdfunding. So that all support is there. What is important is that the patient reaches us at the right time.

[00:10:45]Now alcohol remains a big problem in the northeast.

[00:10:51]And in other places fatty liver disease is a big problem. Fatty liver disease becoming severe liver cirrhosis requiring transplant.

[00:11:01]So in northeast we have both alcohol and fatty liver disease which lead to cirrhosis and the treatment of cirrhosis is liver transplant which now has a 90% chance of success.

[00:11:18]At the same time cancers are increasing and cancers in the tummy pet ke andar jo cancers hote hain stomach, colon, intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, ye sab cancers we treat regularly and it's going to be operation by open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery happens regularly. So, the only obstacle that is now there is awareness, awareness, awareness. People need to know that treatment is possible and that is why we are here to reach out to the patients of the northeast of Shillong and so that they have access to advice and then they can plan treatment.

[00:12:02]Dr. Rajiv Sharma will talk about or if I have a prostate cancer or if I have a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and if it's picked up at the right stage, then most probably I will never die of that cancer. I may die of other things.

[00:12:20]I will go on to lead normal lives.

[00:12:23]But a stage four cancer is can be sometimes can be very bad. So, the responsibility that I have, that every person has is because we have access to internet, we have access to media, we know there is something called cancer.

[00:12:42]We know everyone is telling that you have to pick up cancer at the early stage. So, when someone is having certain symptoms, for example, patient is having a lump anywhere, a swelling, patient is having a patch, a new uh area inside the mouth, on the face, on the skin. If someone is having bleeding in stool or vomiting of blood.

[00:13:09]There was one patient who I saw today, she's completely okay, but what she said was she went out. I had completed my prescription, she went out and then came back and said, "Doctor, one thing I forgot to tell you, my weight was 75 kilos in December and it is now 67 kilos.

[00:13:29]I have lost 8 kilos of weight. Are you sure? She said she said, "Yes, my clothes have become loose."

[00:13:37]So, there is a clear proof that she has lost weight. And immediately I wrote out a number of tests. Because unexplained weight loss, I'm not dieting, I'm not trying to lose weight, and my weight is going down and down. That must be investigated.

[00:13:54]If someone is having constipation always for many years, and that person suddenly has diarrhea, repeatedly, you know, going to the toilet again and again.

[00:14:04]This is called a change of bowel habit.

[00:14:07]>> [clears throat] >> Or someone who goes to the loo, to the toilet, two to three times, passes stool two to three times, many years, and says, "Now suddenly I have constipation."

[00:14:18]We are worried this may be a cancer of the colon or the rectum.

[00:14:23]So, these warning signs, jaundice, yellowing of the eyes.

[00:14:27]Okay? So, any swelling anywhere in the body, any new patch anywhere in the body, any vomiting of blood, passing blood in stool, black stools, jaundice, unexplained weight loss, and lastly loss of appetite.

[00:14:44]Not feeling hungry, looking at food, but not feeling hungry. These are the warning symptoms, and we have to, you know, you need to be we need to be good doctors, for which we need to do certain things.

[00:15:00]And there is a saying that we also need to be good patients.

[00:15:03]How can we become good patients? By following doctor's advice, by doing the things that the doctor is advising advising, and also to reach medical care quickly when these warning signs are there.

[00:15:18]And this is going to save lives.

[00:15:20]Preventing or detecting early will save more lives than fancy complicated treatment.

[00:15:27]helped you.

[00:15:29]Problem is the last part that you asked, self-medicate.

[00:15:34]That is not okay. Self-medication has to stop.

[00:15:39]And even before the beginning of this internet thing, patients in India are dying regularly because of self-medication.

[00:15:50]They are not dying because they are taking the medicine. Someone [clears throat] else is dying because of the medicine.

[00:15:56]So, India is the antibiotic resistance capital of the world.

[00:16:03]Antibiotics are not working.

[00:16:06]Reason for that is we take antibiotics without even consulting doctors. We just take it.

[00:16:13]And what that does is you have an infection and then you don't complete the course of antibiotics.

[00:16:21]So, what happens is if there are 100 or 1,000 bacteria in your body, you take a wrong antibiotic or you take half the course of antibiotic, and out of those thousand bacteria in your body, 900 die, 100 live.

[00:16:38]Which 100 live? The bacteria that are strong, that are resistant. Now, what happens? The weak bacteria will die off.

[00:16:45]The strong bacteria stays and then they grow and then they infect someone else.

[00:16:50]They go into another person's body. He takes wrong antibiotics, shorter duration.

[00:16:57]He has thousand bacteria, 950 die, 50 live. The strongest bacteria. So, what are we doing by taking antibiotics? We are keeping a life the stronger resistant bacteria and passing it on to our neighbors.

[00:17:16]And to add to this process, we are giving ciprofloxacin tablet to cows and animals.

[00:17:27]This is a big problem that people give ciprofloxacin tablets to animals along with the food so that they don't have infection. And the same thing happens.

[00:17:38]So now in the soil, in the water, in the surroundings, there is bacteria which have become more and more dangerous as they have been half treated in humans and animals, and so we have resistant bacteria. And so the infections that we have been that people in India are getting and the infections people in say Norway are getting, they're very different. We all have resistance. So now you need stronger antibiotics, antibiotics which are more expensive, antibiotics which cannot be given at home, antibiotics for which we are hospitalized.

[00:18:17]So antibiotics kill more patients in the long term.

[00:18:25]So we need to reduce self-medication, and more and more antibiotics have to be available only on doctor's prescription.

[00:18:33]You can't should not be just able to go and get antibiotics. It's a big, big problem that we have here.

[00:18:40]Most common cancer in India, and especially northeast has a huge burden of head and neck cancer.

[00:18:48]So why head and neck cancer is so common? Because people here use tobacco in different form.

[00:18:56]So either smokeless tobacco or it's smoking and alcohol.

[00:19:02]So these are the factors and leading to almost 80 to 90% of all head and neck cancer.

[00:19:10]So head and neck cancer is not a death sentence as such.

[00:19:15]It's a preventable cancer. So, if you decrease tobacco consumption, head and neck cancer incidence will come down, significantly come down, because that is the cause of head and neck cancer.

[00:19:29]Now, apart from tobacco use, HPV cancer also common in this region, especially for pharyngeal cancer.

[00:19:37]So, people should be aware about the causes of cancer, and then comes prevention.

[00:19:46]So, prevent prevention is possible decreasing use of tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, or HPV vaccination.

[00:19:57]And then comes early detection, because problem here is most of these patients present very late stage.

[00:20:06]So, at later stage, treatment options are limited.

[00:20:12]Treatment options are complex.

[00:20:14]Patient will require complex surgery, rehabili- plastic surgery, reconstruction.

[00:20:21]Apart from surgery, patient will require radiotherapy, patient may require chemotherapy.

[00:20:28]And if disease is not operable, in that case, patient may require chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

[00:20:39]So, those are very costly treatment.

[00:20:43]And even after so much cost, patient function will be compromised, patient cosmetics will be compromised.

[00:20:52]To prevent all these, if pe- people are become aware about this early symptom, so that include any oral ulcer that is not healing in 2 to 3 weeks time.

[00:21:09]Any oral white patch or red patch.

[00:21:13]Patient has difficulty in swallowing.

[00:21:16]Patient has throat pain, persistent throat pain. Patient has persistent ear pain.

[00:21:23]Patient has neck swelling.

[00:21:25]Patient has thyroid swelling.

[00:21:28]So, patient should not ignore these symptoms.

[00:21:34]So, if these symptoms are there, then patient and these are persisting for more than 2 weeks time, then patient has to be evaluated by a specialist.

[00:21:48]If patient goes to a specialist at that time, then cancer can be detected in early stage. Early stage means stage one or the stage two.

[00:22:00]When treatment is just single modality treatment. Patient can be cured with just only surgery. Or just only radiation.

[00:22:10]So, toxicity will be very less. Patient function will be preserved. Patient cosmesis will be preserved. And patient prognosis will be very good. Cure rate will be as high as 80% 90%.

[00:22:25]But if patient ignore the ignores the symptom, then that becomes advanced lesion. And mostly from patients from these area, northeast region, they present very late.

[00:22:40]So, at that point of time, treatment is complex as I mentioned earlier. Patient will require 10 hours surgery, 8 hours surgery.

[00:22:50]Patient will require radiation.

[00:22:52]Patient will require chemotherapy. Even after such complex treatment, prognosis will be bad. Maybe 50% or 60%. But it's head and neck cancer even with the advanced stage treatment is possible and still that will be 50 to 60%.

[00:23:13]So now our aim a goal of cancer treatment is not curing the disease only.

[00:23:20]Cure is obviously the most important goal for head and neck cancer treatment or any cancer cancer treatment.

[00:23:27]But apart from cure patient should all also have good quality of life.

[00:23:34]Patient speech should be preserved.

[00:23:37]Patient swallowing function should be preserved. Or patient should have access to good rehabilitation services, good dental services. So all these factors are important.

[00:23:51]So also now now a lot of young people are also having cancers.

[00:23:58]Especially thyroid cancer is a disease of younger people.

[00:24:03]And there treatment is like you give a big scar on the face in the neck.

[00:24:10]So to avoid these scars, to make surgery less complicated, less less complications, now options of robotic surgery is there.

[00:24:26]So in robotic surgery you didn't don't give any incision in the neck, so that can't be visible. So you do from chest or transoral or from behind the ear. So nothing will be will be visible to other people.

[00:24:40]So young patients, these are very good options. Patient goes home maybe next day or day after tomorrow.

[00:24:49]Patient will have less pain and in robotic surgery that that gives 10 times magnification. So each and every structure So, each and every structures we can identify and preserve.

[00:25:04]And that gives very good function, good cosmesis, and with good fun cos- cancer oncological outcome.