This video is an accounting exam preparation session covering fundamental concepts including business organization types (partnerships, sole traders, limited companies), financial statement components (assets, liabilities, capital, expenses), and key accounting principles such as the accounting equation (Assets = Capital + Liabilities), accrual accounting, and liquidity ordering of current assets. The session demonstrates practical problem-solving through worked examples including trade discount calculations, bank reconciliation, inventory valuation, depreciation, and partnership profit sharing, providing students with comprehensive preparation for accounting examinations.
Deep Dive
Prerequisite Knowledge
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Deep Dive
2026 05 20 - PoA F5 - 2025 May P1Added:
All right, here we go. Here we go. Here we go.
So, we give them a few minutes to roll in. Uh after this also open a chat box on the side, monitor some stuff.
Right.
Okay. So, I sent the paper in the chat already, right? May 2025, paper one, right? Google meet people still on the inside there.
5 12. Okay.
All right.
Okay, so guys, last paper for the day. Unless by some miracle, the Jan 2026 paper magically finds its way either into my inbox or into my WhatsApp. Let me just take one last look and see if anybody else sent it.
Nope.
Let's just check across here real quick.
I'm checking my spam folder, boy, just in case. You never know.
Good boy.
Jaya.
>> Hey, afternoon Jama. How you doing?
>> All right. Cool. Cool. Right. So, you had a good time. You're just about to start there. Wait, I was going to do something. I was going to do I forget.
Wow, my brain. Okay, so yeah, hold on.
Okay.
Yeah, folks. So, last paper. Let's see if we can get that done in about 45 minutes, maybe an hour.
And yeah, we'll call that George.
Okay, so >> [sighs and gasps] >> We got the Jan 2026 math paper one this morning though. So that'll be added to the lineup for this weekend coming up here. Anyhow, folks, without further ado, let's go. So, which of the following types of businesses is formed by two or more persons who are liable for the debts of the business as a partnership?
In the statement of financial position, expenses owing are listed as current liabilities.
Maharaj inadvertently bought two cases of expired mushrooms from B&B supermarket. He returned the items in Maharaj's books. This transaction will be recorded as a journal entry for the purchases returns.
All right, so we're not scrolling down.
We're just doing what's visible. Which of the following action should a company take if it is likely to incur bad debts?
You provide for such losses.
Um, which of the following list contains asset accounts only? So A and B are automatically out. The first thing the first thing in those options is capital.
Capital provides assets but is not itself an asset. Right? Cash, inventory, furniture and motor vehicles. Option C.
In option D, bank overdraft is a liability. So it wouldn't be that eight.
Which of the following formula formula A represents the correct accounting equation for calculating the value of assets? Assets equal to capital plus liabilities or liabilities plus capital.
Next. In which of the following ledgers are most nominal accounts found? Um, nominal accounts are accounts for revenues and expenses. So that's general. So there's no cash ledger.
Sales ledger is only accounts receivable which are all personal accounts. And purchases ledger is for accounts payable also only personal accounts. All right.
Sorry one sec. After this adjust something on this side. I forgot to do so. My apologies. Right. [clears throat] Oh, thank you, Kay. Right. Um, to which of the following categories of cooperatives does a credit union belong?
Financial.
Which of the following features is associated with private limited companies? Private limited shares are not so publicly. All right. In class, are we okay with this first page? Right.
Google Meet. You know the drill. If you're good with that, give a quick genie chat, please. Thanks. All right.
Oh, a thumbs up. A thumbs up. Sorry.
Yeah. Thumbs up. Good work. Wait. Sorry.
Where you guys? Sorry, I shifted off for you all. Let me just take my last row real quick. All right, so Aaron on the inside there. Anilla here. F is here.
Hold on. F is here, right? Yeah, man.
All right, cool. I know. Um, Jacob here.
Jade is here. Jeremiah is here. Right.
Shazari, Shamarice, and Zachary. Cool.
Okay, we start at nine if we have forget.
I would have nine and nine. That makes sense, right?
Oh, okay. Jonathan, right?
Okay, cool. So, let's go next page.
Which of the following items is a capital expenditure? So, a capital expenditure is ex is the acquisition of new non-current assets or significant improvements there too. So the only item there that could qualify as D, purchase of machinery. Which of the following assets would be considered most permanent? Land or buildings premises.
Right. The purpose of an electronic clock card is to record employees attendance. Right. Up to 14. Now we'll go back to the NAFTA. Control accounts are kept in order to assist management in locating errors. To which of the following accounts would depreciation of office machines be transferred? Profit and loss. That's the expense section in your income statement. Uh, a company declares a dividend of 15%.
What is the value of the dividend warrant sent to a shareholder who owns 1,500 $1 ordinary shares? So, the dividend warrant is the check sent to pay them. So, 15% is the dividend rate and they own 1,500 $1 ordinary shares.
15% of $1,500 is $225. Cool.
Partnerships are formed. Well, they love this question, boy. Combining capital from different persons. Yes. Benefiting from different skills and specializations. Yes. Sharing ideas, experiences, and responsibilities. Yes.
So, all three. Right. Mr. Arthur. Okay.
Um, on first of March 2025, Mr. Arthur purchased 600 worth of inventory for resale. He received a trade dis a 3% trade discount. The invoice also stated 2% in 20 days net 30. Mr. Arthur settle the amounts on the 15th of March.
Birthday boy. All right. So first things first, we have to get the net invoice amount. What does that mean? So 600 minus the 3% trade discount. So 3% there is $18. So that gives us 582.
Then we have to find 2% of that figure.
All right. So that's 150th.
So just break all the C. No. Okay. So that's 10 1164 I believe. So 1164 from that should be 570 and 36.
Let's just calculate it just to be sure.
Right. So 600 *.97 582 *.98 570 and 36. There you go. Right. Cool.
All right. In class people, are we okay with this page? Google Meet just give a quick generator a thumbs up. Thanks very much.
Yeah. All right. Lovely.
Cool. Okay, we're going again. Let me just pull back up the chat. Right.
18 to 23. So, Abel and Blue purchased inventory on credit from Keen. The inventory was valued at 50 and 75. Okay.
Another customer paid cash for inventory amounting to 550. Kane took inventory for himself. Which of the following figures represents the um total in Mr. Kane's sales account? Okay. So, from Kane's perspective, if Abel and Blue purchased from Kane, Kane sold to Abel and Blue. So, 50 and 75 are the credit sales as 125. Another customer paid cash as a cash sale. So that's 675.
All right.
Cool. 21. What is the total value of assets? Motor vehicles is an asset. Yes.
Accounts receivable. Yes. Building? Yes.
2 and 2 is 4. 4 and 10 is 14. Sorry, my bad. 14.
Oh, right. Moving along.
Right. Uh we've seen 19 before, we've seen 20 before and 22, right? And 23. So all these are repeats, right? So the bank account, so you started with 20, you got 2,000 more. So now you have 22,000 and you spent 15,000, which means you have 7,000 left in your bank account.
20. Rent expense, which is still owing at the end of a period, must be debited in the profit and loss. In other words, it must be shown in the income statement. If it's acred, you still add the acrual inside the income statement as an expense and shown in the balance sheet as a liability. Which accounting concept does it represent? Acrruel.
Right. 22. Which of the following arrangements shows current assets in order of liquidity? Right. Cash in hand, cash in bank accounts receivable. A.
Liquidity means nearness to cash or ease of conversion to cash. Cash is already in cash form. Cash at bank is practically the same thing just slightly less liquid and then accountable. Right.
23. When a proprietor withdraws cash or other assets from the business drawings, what effect does this have on the business's drawings or capital account?
Okay. So drawings would increase and that is by definition a decrease in capital. All right. So B.
Okay. All right. In class, are we okay with page three? Google meet feedback please and thanks. If you have any questions, let me know. Right. Again, it's the last opportunity to ask any questions, so you might as well use it.
Yeah. Okay. Next page.
All right. Poor Tap bought inventory for 500 on credit. In which book of prime entry will this be recorded? The purchases journal. The purchase of inventory on credit is recorded in the purchases journal. Right.
uh in an effort to raise capital a company offered 200 5% debentures at 100 each for subscription 5% is an indication company will pay interest pay 5% of 20,000 in interest to the venture holders that's option C 26 the working capital of a young and sons is 155 so working capital is current assets minus current liabilities that's 15,500 00 and the current assets is 16,500.
So the difference there which is the current liabilities has to be a,000.
Next uh so we'll we'll scroll down for 27 29 and 30 shortly. Right. 28. What is the inventory at the end of January?
Okay cool. So cost of goods sold is opening inventory plus purchases minus closing inventory. So 1,500 and 1,200 is 2700 and they had to minus something to get to the 1,400 and that has to be 1300.
Cool.
All right. 27 bottom left. When a net loss is incurred, how does it impact the capital of a sole trade propritorship?
It decreases owner's equity. Owner's equity is capital. See? So you see they're using the word there. So net profit increases capital or equity. So net losses would have the opposite effect. They will decrease. Would you advise to study 10 years black? Shana s uh if you can cool if not then from the 2020 come forward.
12 papers is more than enough. If you want if you want to do more than 12 then that's cool. But at some point it'll get very redundant but the more the marrier.
All right. 29 to 30.
All right. Um LT Limited. So sales purchases. Okay cool. So we saw this already. the gross profit under five. So gross profit is sales minus cost of sales. Cost of sales is opening stock plus purchases minus closing stock. Now we have no opening stock but we have purchases and the closing stock under FIFO is 5,000. 10,000 minus 5,000 is 5,000 and 5,000 from 45 is 40.
All right. And the gross profit under half goes same monkey. Right? So sales minus cost of sales which is in this case purchases minus the closing stock which in this case is 7,45 - 7 is 38 right and that's the halfway mark and we did that in about 11 minutes.
Okay quick are we okay with that in class we put this page Google meet [clears throat] we good with this page?
Yeah. All right let's see what the back end of the paper has for us. We seeing rows again boy. All right. Um 31 refers to the following info provided by the business. Total unpreented checks lodgement not entered and balance as per cash. What is the balance for bank state? So you're starting with the 560 in the cash book. You have to add back the unpreented checks because those are payments that have come out of the cash book. So cashbook went down but bank statement didn't go anywhere because unpreented checks have not been presented. So the money hasn't come out of the bank account. So to reconcile you add back the unpreented checks to the cashbook balance and the lodgement you will subtract.
Why? Because a lodgement is money that we we have received. So your cash book went up but the money didn't go in the bank account yet. So the bank account didn't go anywhere. So to reconcile you subtract the lodgement from the cash book. So you'll get 530 here.
Uh 33. In preparing its final accounts, a business omitted to include returns inwards. So we saw this already and numerous times. Which of the following items was affected? Net sales and gross profit or loss. So that's one and three only. It wouldn't affect net purchases returns outwards with or purchases returns. Right. 32. Rose contributed 7,000 in cash and a motor vehicle with 3,000 to a partnership. Rose's contribution to the partnership would recorded in the journal as Okay. So debit cash 7, debit motor vehicle 3 and credit rows capital 10. That's option C.
Right? The drawings of cash for 620 was entered in the cash book but not in the drawings account. The journal entry to to correct this is right. So if you make drawings of of anything, you'll debit the drawings. So they didn't debit drawings. Now that's so to correct you either option A or B. Now it was already entered in cash. So it means it was a one-sided omission. So the suspense account will be [clears throat] utilized here. So [cough] option A, debit, drawings, credit suspense. A businessman offers a reduction in price for prompt payment for inventory purchased under which column in his three column cashbook. Would this be entered?
Discount allowed.
Okay. In class, are we okay with this page? Yeah, Google Meet. Let me know.
All right. If you have any questions again, it's your last chance to ask them. So, might as well, right? And if I do see them, let me know. I don't see anything inside here. Sorry. Oh, no.
That's that's from that's from before.
That's from like about an hour ago and change. All right. Okay. 36 to 41. Let's see what we're going on here now.
Okay. Um, when comparing the books of a limited company to the books of a soul trader, which of the following items on the balance sheet would differ most? The capital section. Right. In a soul trader is just opening capital plus net profit minus drawings closing. I mean if you have net loss you'd subtract that. If you have capital interest you add. In a limited company you could have authorized share capital. You have to have issued share capital act could have ordinary and preferred shares and then you have your reserves share premium if any general reserve any other reserves and then retain profit. So capital. All right. An article is subject to 20% trade discount. If its list price is 600, what is its sale price? 20% of 600 is 120. 120 from 600 is 480.
Sorry about the writing. Right.
Question. Do you offer paper 3? I do, Natasha. I will ask you to email me or DM me on our platform and we can talk about it a bit more. Right. But I do I do offer it. Yes, I have 12 years worth 2020 to 2025 January and May. I just didn't get Jan 2653.
But yeah. Anyhow, Mrs. Green is a dry goods merchant. Which of the following would result in a debit to her cash account? Sold inventory for cash? Yes.
All of the others are payments which would which would result in a credit to the cash account.
Uh 14. [clears throat] Which value should be recorded for the closing inventory? Okay. So, we just want to multiply going across, right? We have 100 by 60, which is 6,000.
80 by 100 which is sorry I missed a zero. Wow. Don't do that. 50 by 84 which is 4200.
And then this one that's 8,400 by 3/4 21 by 3 is 6,300.
I'm going to add all six and 8 is okay. 6 12 24 5. Anybody?
All right. Please feel free to double check my arithmetic. Okay. quite prone to making errors these days with malaka sleep kind of piling up a minute anyhow.
Okay. 38 is 39 bill. No. Okay. So 38 uh the total of the credit side of the travel. Okay. Credit side would be um sales and the benches. So where what equipment is an asset prepaid rent is an asset. Discount allows and expenses are debits. Sales and debentures. This is a weird question, but okay. 39,000 is what seems to be the right thing here.
That's weird. All right. Um, there's a different version of this ask for the debit total and that's that stuff added back properly. Right. So, a vehicle costing 88,000 is expected to depreciate at a rate of 10% per year. Using the straight line method, what would be the total depreciation of of the on the vehicle after 3 years?
Okay. So, principal by rate by time. So, that's 24. So, 10% is 8,000. 8,000 by 3 is 24,000.
Cool. All right. So, we are 2/3 of the way through the paper in about 70 minutes. That's pretty good. Okay. In class people, are you okay with this page? Google Meet, let me know if we're good to go there. Please and thanks. If you have any questions, of course, please do feel free to ask. Not a problem. All right. All right. So, we're in the last 20 questions here. Let's see what they have for us.
Isani. Okay. We saw Isani. We we saw Karen and G and we know 45 as well.
Isani's cafeteria does not keep a complete set of accounting records. The bookkeeper. Okay. What is the balance on the sales ledger control account?
So we would need let's see opening receivables. Yes. So it's an asset.
Receivables is an asset. Assets have debit balances. So 700 goes here. Credit sales would increase the amount owed.
That goes on the debit side as well.
Cash received from receivables.
1250. Thank you very much.
So the balance at end would be the difference between the debit side and the credit side which in this case would be $450.
Right? Caron and gas. So we know current and gas uh we know current. Okay without even even working out so much right look at the ratio right is a 2:1 ratio current to G. So current gets more than G in any of these options. Does Karen get more than gas in option A only? All right. So, we haven't had to work on nothing. But just for the sake of making sure we know how to do it. What we would do is you would add the two and the one and get three.
So that's Karen. That's G. And then you put the two over the three and the one over the three. And you multiply each of those by the 3600. 1/3 of 3600 is 1,200.
That's G. And then double that is 2400.
That's car. Okay. Cool. 45. In the books of a partnership, the salaries of the partners should be so either debited to appropriation or credited to current account. That's option D.
43. What what is the correct closing total for the sales account? So that's cash sales plus credit sales.
Yep. So 55,000 option C amalgam A amalgamated components was was a private company until it admitted additional shareholders by selling shares on the stock exchange.
Amalgamated components cannot be described as a public emitted company.
Which of the following lists of activity shows the correct order of the stages in the accounting cycle before final accounts? So we know it's journals, ledgers, tri balance, B.
All right. Okay. Okay. In class folks, are we okay with this page? Any questions? Anybody? No. All right.
Google me. I know I just asked. I know we're moving quick, but I had to check in to make sure we good. All right.
Okay. Cool.
48 to 50. Hey, look. We have an an aging table down there. So, we know the answer there already, right? Under which of the following conditions would a trial balance still balance? A transaction is completely left out. Yes, that's an error of omission. Both a debit entry and a credit entry were overated by the sim. Yes, that that should probably an error of original entry and both the debit and credit entry will under Yeah.
So one, two, and three. If the error is on both sides, then yes, Vanessa. So can we Yes, you can use a calculator in paper one.
transaction >> because the error because you omitt it from both the debit and credit side.
>> Oh >> yeah.
>> I would just thought one side was >> now if if it's a transaction is a debit and credit entry, >> right? How would the purchase of equipment on credit affect a firm's financial position? You purchase equipment, so your asset going up. You purchas it on credit, so you didn't pay for it, so you owe money for it. Anytime you owe money for anything that's a liability, right? Which means that A is the correct answer. Um, yeah. So, for those wondering, look right here. This is last year's paper. The use of silent electronic calculators is allowed. So, yeah, only the mass paper one that they'll test you for with no calculator.
All right, there we go again. So, um, right, it's an aging an aging table for receivables. So you multiply they want the total provision for bad debt. So 6,000 by 3 would give us 180.
Sorry one second.
4,000 by 2 would give us 80 and 8,000 by 1 would also give us 80. The total there being 340 and that is your total provision for bad. All right in class people are we okay with this page these three items? Any questions? Anybody? No.
All right, Google Meet. I know I just asked you, but again, you know the drill, right? Let me know if you're good with this page. Yeah. All right. Cool.
All right. All right. We're into the last 10 here, ladies and gents.
Okay. So, 51 to 53. Okay. We've seen this before. What is the total value of noncurrent assets? So, that's up here.
14,05.
14,05, right? Uh the closing capital. So that's this section here. Capital at start minus the loss minus drawing. So 20,000 is the closing capital.
Why they bringing the horizontal format for you? I don't understand this even thought anymore. The working capital. So working capital. All right.
So working capital is current assets minus current liability. So 8,800US 3,300 which is 5,500.
Okay.
Right. In class we okay with these three.
>> So can you go back to 50?
>> 50. Sure.
>> Yeah. All right. All right. Google Meet just I know I just asked you just we go in fast. [laughter] Yeah. All right. Cool. All right. Let me go again. 54 to 56.
An account receivable is unable to pay and outstanding at the 450. However, an agreement is made that he would pay 30 cents on every dollar owed. So 30% of the debt, right? So 450 by 30% is 135.
So we could eliminate those two right and if we are getting if the person is paying us we had to debit cash. So the only correct option here possible is B.
All right. And of course you're crediting the account receivable.
Um just now item 55 a calculation to determine gross profit percentage gross margin is this right? What is the amount in the denominator represent that is ah net sales they finally change it boy cuz in all the other years they had total sales and it's not total is net sales.
Thank the lord boy. Somebody tell them some somebody like this way. All right.
Item 56 refers to the following information about Jane and Max um partnership share in profits and losses in the ratio 3 to2.
How much money should Max receive as his share of the residual profit? Okay. So residual profit remaining profit etc. Right. So net profit is 235.
Um okay so 23 500 we had to add interest on drawing.
So we had to add 290 right so interest on capital is 3,000 salary is 2500 the drawings is irrelevant. Okay. Um, so that's 21,000. That's 18,000.
So we get 18 290.
And then for Max, so it's Jane and Max and they're sharing three to two. So again, we're three to two. We add the three and the two and we get five. So Jane gets the three-fifth share and Max gets the two- fifth share.
So we got to find two fifths or 04 of 18 290.
So that's D.
All right. So 4 by 18 290 7316. Yep.
Please check DM after. Yeah, I saw it come through. Yeah, no problem.
All right, in class, are we okay with this page? You three on this page? All right, Google me.
Let me know how we doing there. Please and thanks.
Yes. Wow.
Okay.
Item 57 and 58 refer to the following information. Hands and feet company.
Yeah, we saw this already, right? And there was a question with that one.
What is the total value of statutory deductions? Okay, so that's national insurance and income tax. So that's 1750.
What is the total value of the employees net wages?
All right, so [clears throat] check this. Right.
Your gross wage is 10,000.
Your total deductions 40. So 25 and 15 is 40. So you have 4250, right?
That gives us 5750 which is not an option. But they have commissions which we have to add on.
Now I mean in this case we don't really have a choice, right? the the the question that was asked was why why are we adding the commissions now again I mean it's the so the gross wages to me are like your basic pay right but I mean that could include overtime and the commission is is in addition to that um but really and truly the gross means total total wages total earnings so to me the 300 should be in that that's what somebody said but again um this is CC POA so sometimes things don't is work the way they're supposed to. Uh Bri doing more papers. G is the last one I have. It's the fourth one for the day.
Right. So in all I would have done 12 papers over the past 3 days from 2020 Jan to 2025 May. So check my YouTube and it have it have 2012 to 2019 available too. If if the 2012 to 2019 not available on YouTube, they could download the learn it app from um Make It Simple TV. Well, I mean, you could go to the website, download it there, or go on the app store, download it, and in my in the PO section, in my section, you'll see the May 22th to 2019. But yeah, this is the last one for the day, and we're almost done. All right. Okay. So, oh, they saved this for last and it's still a preliminary there. Okay. So, what conclusion can be drawn from the above appropriation account?
The company is engaged in profitable enterprise. Well, they make 26,000 plus in profit. They're not doing too well. I wouldn't say that. And more dividends can be given to ordinary shareholders.
Yeah, I think so. But let's just double check that to make sure. If we add these two figures together, right, we're going to get 27,000.
And then on top of that, so on this side here, so 10 and 4 is 14 and 6 is 20. 21.
So we have 21450 being paid out and if you had 27 to start with then you could have paid out more ordinary dividends. So one and three right we can't justify two we don't I mean two doesn't seem obvious and the final one the current allowance for dful less is 500 a business's accounts receivable at the end of the financial year is 10,000 and the allowance for dful list is now 4%. So which entry should reflect the change? So 4% of 10,000 is 400.
If the original or the balance at start is 500, it means there's a decrease, right? To go from 500 to 400 is a decrease of 100. So you had to debit the allowance one. And there's only one option here that gives you 100, which is that one. And there you go.
May 2025 done in half an hour.
I mean that's that's the 12th paper we did and doing it in that length of that that short space of time was was only possible because of having done so many papers.
Right? So that's about it. I mean like I said if you all want to do more I could send you all more and send you the link to all the playlist with from 2012 to 2019 and you'll just see more of these.
Right. So that's about it. Right. So, Google Meet. All right. Um, so good luck to everybody tomorrow. Right. Um, so hold on. Don't rush off at um my class. Right. So,
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