Tryby warunkowe - Grammar Masterclass

[00:00:03]Good morning, good morning. I warmly welcome you to the third lesson in the Gram Class series. I'll wait until you start appearing live and, as always, I'll ask someone to write to me in the chat whether I can be seen or heard. Especially since this time, as you can probably see, I have headphones on, because recently several people have been complaining about the sound quality, so now I put on headphones and I hope that the microphone in the headphones will pick up the sound better than last time. So please let me know if you can see me and hear me. I would be grateful if someone could help me out here in the chat. Okay, great. Thanks Laura. I'm really glad. I hope the sound will be better this time, especially for those who will listen to us after some time. Okay, listen, we're not attracting. In that case, the third lesson will probably be longer than the last two, because we have not only conditionals and not only the ordinary and mixed ones, but also regrets and dreams, so we will talk a little about I wish and only. So a lot, a lot of things, more slides than last time. Various examples.

[00:01:19]We will start with simpler examples and exercises, and then move on to more advanced ones, but one by one. Um, please write whether you are here for the first time, the second or the third, because this is our third lesson, but I'm curious who has already been to the previous two lessons, who has been to at least one lesson before. My name is Asia Domagała.

[00:01:37]If you don't know me yet, I teach English to adults and have been connecting two worlds for years. On the one hand, academia and the world of international projects and intercultural communication, and on the other hand, of course, English.

[00:01:52]I studied at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and am currently pursuing a PhD at the University of Roza i Virgili in Caragonán, Spain, and also trained at the European Academy of Diplomacy. And in English Compass, just like today, I help adults speak more freely, naturally, and with more confidence. So I hope that today I can help you at least a little bit with this.

[00:02:13]If you are on Instagram, Facebook or other social media, I would be very happy if you let me know on your stories or wherever.

[00:02:22]elsewhere about this live, but also about the fact that I work online and teach English.

[00:02:29]Let it spread, let more people use it. After all, this lesson will be available until the end of the day tomorrow, and there are three more ahead of us. So maybe someone else will benefit. As I said, we are in our third lesson.

[00:02:45]First, second, as you can see on the set behind us. Today we have conditionals. We still have three more ahead of us. It's already in August, and then at the very end of August 26 we have the grand finale, but I will write to you about what exactly, especially to those who have registered, of course, because you always receive emails and reminders, and all the information and materials.

[00:03:11]The plan for today is this. Six conditional modes, four regular, two mixed, when and how to use. Then we will say a few words about when to use water and when not to.

[00:03:23]Then dreams, regrets, or as I said a moment ago, I wish if early.

[00:03:30]And finally, live exercises. There will also be live exercises between individual topics, but these will be more of a warm-up.

[00:03:38]However, at the end there will be this surprise for the more advanced, because I have prepared some difficult exercises at the end, so it's worth staying.

[00:03:49]Now, conditionals, my dears, may of course be needed in different contexts for different reasons. It is obvious that when we have language exams, high school leaving exams, certificates, whatever, then we obviously need to know them, because they come up often. But conditional fish also means greater precision in expressing oneself, because look at these two sentences. If I study, I will pass the exam. If I study it, I would pass the exam. Two different modes and completely different meanings. So here it's not even a matter of vocabulary, but of precision and what we want to say. I want to talk about something that will be, about what would be, about what was. Uh, so these conditionals are actually needed.

[00:04:35]Yep, it's worth knowing them. Not only because you want to express something, but because, after all, conversation is also listening, so sometimes someone says something and it's worth knowing whether he or she meant the past, the present, or actually something else, or maybe a mixture. Because, after all, mixed modes are just such a mixture. Speaking of those two sentences you saw a moment ago, the first one is the real future, and the second one is the unlikely present. But more on that in a moment. We'll start with the simplest conditional, the zero conditional. The zero conditional is simply facts and general truths. And we use it for, for example, principles that are unquestionable. I don't know, like gravity or some laws of physics, something that will definitely happen. Just like things that are generally accepted truth, fact, something indisputable.

[00:05:40]And here, as if, you can replace if with when, then nothing changes, and this conditional mood is the simplest because the structure simply consists of using if present simple and then in the second part also present simple. There are really no complications here. For example, we have sentences like if, meaning if you heat ice, it melts.

[00:06:10]If you don't water the flowers and plants, they will simply wither.

[00:06:18]water boils and if you heat it to 100 degrees. So you see, these are completely indisputable things.

[00:06:26]Yes. If A then B always. If you don't water the flowers, they will wither.

[00:06:33]If you heat water to 100 degrees, it will start to boil. Nothing else will happen here. If you eat too much, you feel bad. These are general, not specific, but very general principles, truths.

[00:06:49]Something that is simply a fact will always happen. And you see, every part of this sentence has the present simple. If you hit, it ms, if you don't water plants they die, i.e. present, simple, present, simple. That is why it is the simplest of all possible modes, because its structure is also very simple here.

[00:07:14]I have a super easy one for you. [laughter] Please write your answers in the chat. All you need is the correct verb forms to make it faster.

[00:07:25]I'll wait a moment and give you a few seconds to think about it.

[00:07:31]If you mhm red and blue, you purple.

[00:07:41]What's here? What form?

[00:07:44]What form? Please let me know.

[00:07:48]I'll wait here.

[00:07:52]Okay, we have the first one. I see, I see.

[00:07:56]Super cool. Exactly. It's present simple and present simple. There is really no point in speculating or wondering here. It's just that if you mix red and blue, it's always purple, right? A scientific fact, a general truth, something that simply does not change, is indisputable.

[00:08:15]Well, let's move on. In the first conditional mood this will change a little, because the first conditional mood is already a real future. Um, and apart from the fact that the future is real, there are two things, and the point is that we're talking about something that really has a high chance of happening. Okay. Uh, and here we have a slightly more difficult construction. We still have if and present simple, but in the second part of this sentence there will be will, which is our usual tense, the future simple, and a verb.

[00:08:55]And now why is this sometimes difficult for us Poles? Because in Polish this conditional mood looks completely different. Because in Polish we use the future tense twice. If I get hungry, I'll call you. Okay. These are as if it were two times now, future, and in English there will be present simple and only in the second part, in the one without if, there will be the future tense, i.e. the future simples will. If it rains I will take an umbrella. If it rains, I'll take an umbrella. And now this is the future, but there is also, of course, a future that is relatively real. Okay.

[00:09:42]So we have, if it rains, I'll take an umbrella, and in Polish it will rain is next year. And note that in English, because it's mega-frequent, because English is simply present simple, it has to be present tense. That's why we have it, and not because we never have it.

[00:10:03]If she calls, I will give her information, a message.

[00:10:11]So you see that it's not like a rule that there's always a future tense in the second part, but the future tense will is in that part of the sentence where there's no if. Okay, so if we want to start with this part of the sentence without the if, well, we start it at the moment of shipment. We will miss the train if we do n't hurry. So we will miss the train if we don't hurry, but we can also reverse it and then we have if we don't hurry we will miss the train. There is absolutely no difference here.

[00:10:45]And the last example of study, that is, if you don't study, you won't be able to do it.

[00:10:57]And now look at the present simple. Yes, we don't study. We don't say if you won study because it is a grammatical error.

[00:11:04]Unfortunately, we would say so in Polish, but not in English. In English we would say something like, if you're not learning, then you're not trying, right? This also makes logical sense, but in English both of these parts refer to the future, while one of them after if is in the present tense.

[00:11:26]Well, now it's your turn. Um, if he cara, that is, if he doesn't apologize, she won't forgive him. The real future, remember, no, this first conditional is about a future that has a chance of happening.

[00:11:45]Okay, I see that I have a comment from Asia here in the chat, no vision. Do you see me or maybe not? Let me know briefly, and I'm also waiting for your correct forms, but I'd like the correct form of the things in brackets, please.

[00:12:10]Okay, great. Thanks Ania and thanks Duga. It's nice to see me. Okay, apologise not.

[00:12:20]Okay, thanks for everything being okay. I don't know, maybe something wasn't working at the moment. Anyway, it's good that I'm visible and less of a slideshow. Okay, I'll wait a moment for the other answers.

[00:12:30]Who else will be tempted to give the correct answer?

[00:12:34]Well, if he doesn't apologize, she won't forgive him. In Polish, the future tense is used twice, and in English, once the present simple and once the simple. All right.

[00:12:54]Apologue.

[00:12:56]Darek also wrote that the letters are blurry. What did I set up everything before turning on this live and damn I set everything to the best quality, so I also have high quality internet for the duration of this live, so I have no idea why it's blurry. I hope, Darek, that there might be a temporary connection somewhere, either for you or for me. Anyway, I hope this gets better. Okay, what flew tried it GF. Beautifully. Yes Sir. This is the correct answer. A real possible situation in the future. Yes. And if he does n't apologize, she won't forgive him. And after if we have present simple, therefore we do n't apologize. Well, then you won't forgive. We can also actually say will not. Won't this be a shortened form, right? it is ours to use it as we please. There is no difference here. I mean, maybe it's a little bit like that, that will not is more formal, and in a more colloquial, more colloquial way. Okay, let's go then. We move on.

[00:14:04]Second conditional. And here it gets more and more interesting, because the second conditional mood is an unreal present. So listen, this is a classic speculation. If grandma had a mustache, she would be grandpa. This is exactly the situation. An unreal, imaginary, unlikely present. Okay. If I had wheels, I would be a bicycle. [laughter] Unreal.

[00:14:30]Okay. This is just speculation. What if? If I had been born earlier, I would probably be in a different place now.

[00:14:36]If I had something, then I would have something now. something that is about the present, but completely unreal. Very, very unlikely to happen. Um, and here the structure is such that after we have the past, after uh, and then uh, and I don't know if you remember, there's this uh, song by Beyonce, I don't remember the title, but in the chorus it's definitely If I were a boy. And this is also a classic example of the second conditional mood, because if I were a boy, but I'm not, right? It's like uh unreal, unbelievable, and it concerns the present. Well, if I were, I would wear more pants. Okay. Purely hypothetical. We can speculate about many, many things. For example, another thing about the fact that if I won, I don't know, some lottery, I would travel around the world. Yes.

[00:15:37]Past simple one. I would travel would and infinitively. Okay.

[00:15:47]So this is a very common phrase used in situations where we give advice.

[00:15:56]So instead of saying, I don't know, do this, go there, or you have to break up with him, we could say it more diplomatically if we were in your shoes.

[00:16:05]I would do that. Or someone, I don't know, someone shows us that they bought a new shirt. Deep down, we think it 's terrible, ugly, and we would never wear it. Well, we can say diplomatically, [laughter] so if I were you, something like that.

[00:16:30]If I were you, I would apologize and see again, we reverse the order here and we don't always have to start with if. The rule, however, remains, i.e. if is always followed by the past simple, and in the second part of the sentence would and the basic form of the verb, i.e. the infinitive.

[00:16:52]would help if she had more time.

[00:16:59]J. So if he spoke English, he would get the job, but he doesn't speak it, so he probably doesn't have the job. No, unreal present, because he doesn't speak English, but if he did, he would get it. Okay, we're still on relatively easy examples.

[00:17:18]Example number three.

[00:17:20]If I were taller, I would play professionally.

[00:17:26]So what verb forms will these be? I wait and watch. I'm watching the chat.

[00:17:38]What will we put here?

[00:17:51]And basketball professionally, so if I were taller, I would play, but I'm not taller, so I don't play. If I were, if I had a mustache, I would be a grandfather. If I had wheels, I would be a bicycle. All right. If I would play. If I were, I would play. Yes Sir. Way to go.

[00:18:15]I would play basketball.

[00:18:18]But I'm not taller and that's why I don't play. Okay, but if I were, I'd better play.

[00:18:25]Therefore hypothetical. If I could, I would go. If I were taller, I would play, but I'm not, so I don't want to. All right. Um, conditional number three, so we're finishing up these regular, simple conditionals.

[00:18:42]He did so to such general facts, truths, even such principles of physics or mathematics. The first conditional was for the real future. If it rains, I will take an umbrella and another one, the one from a moment ago, for the unreal present. If I had wheels, I would be a bicycle. If grandma had a mustache, she would be grandpa. If I were taller, I would play professionally. In Ile i would play. Well, if we have the present, the future, then we are left with the past.

[00:19:20]And the third conditional is exactly to this past, but again to an unreal past. Well, the past can't really be changed either. It has already happened. That is, we are talking about situations that have already happened and we are speculating about situations that have or have not happened. We can speculate about what could have happened. And in Polish we used to say that too, meaning I could have, I could have called you yesterday, but I didn't.

[00:19:52]Nowadays it probably doesn't come very naturally to say it that way. We say I could have called you, but I couldn't. But I could have been, this is our third conditional mood. It's as if we were going back to the future and changing its scenario a little in an imaginary way, as if we wanted to guess again. Yes, we can't change it in the future. But we can talk about it. For example, if yesterday, if I had called you yesterday, I would probably have been happier yesterday.

[00:20:27]Okay. And we have the construction after the if perfect, i.e. the past tense. So here we have had and the third form of the verb, and then in the second part of the sentence we have would, have and also the third form of the verb. And this is probably the most difficult of these four because of this construction, because apart from the fact that it is past perfect, so for example if I had known, then we have I would have called you, so would have. And the third form, if I had known, I would have called you yesterday, for example. Yes, that's all, remember, the past, not now.

[00:21:06]She wouldn't have missed the flight if she had left home earlier.

[00:21:13]But she didn't leave earlier and missed that flight. Yes. And we think about this fact that has already happened, it has already happened, that is, she did not leave home on time and she was late for the plane.

[00:21:26]But if she had left earlier, she would have been on time, then she wouldn't have missed her flight.

[00:21:38]Sorry.

[00:21:43]So if they had studied harder during their studies, for example, they would probably have passed, but since they didn't study, they didn't pass.

[00:21:57]So we would have gone there yesterday if it hadn't rained, but it did, so we didn't go. Okay. And again, see that we turn it over and it's in the middle. And the sentence is also okay.

[00:22:13]Just remember that after if, no matter if it is at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle, after if there is always past, perfect, and the rest, the second part of the sentence is would, and the third form. We also remember that after if there can never be either will or then, now tell me what this sentence will be like in the third conditional mood.

[00:22:38]So if she hadn't lost her keys, she wouldn't have been late, but she lost her keys and that's why she was late. This has already happened. We ca n't change it, but we can talk about it. What if, what if? If she hadn't lost those keys, she wouldn't have been late for a meeting, a plane, or a date, for example.

[00:23:05]please write in the chat again the correct form of what is in brackets.

[00:23:12]I'll wait a moment and have some coffee. All right.

[00:23:21]Hadn't lost, she wouldn't have been. And yet we had lost wouldn't.

[00:23:28]Okay, I'll wait for maybe one more person and then I'll show you the correct version.

[00:23:39]Well, someone else will be tempted.

[00:23:42]Past perfect i would have and third form.

[00:23:46]Well, something else brave.

[00:23:54]Remember that there is no speaking without practice. There is no speaking without speaking.

[00:23:59]As some people still say. Okay, we have one more version. Great.

[00:24:07]Okay, we have three different versions and of the three you gave me in the chat, only one is correct, so okay? Well, yes, first of all we have to have the past perfect, that is, had lost, but that it was negative, because see that here in this version on the slide with the task it was negative night.

[00:24:32]So we also have to deny lost. And then there was a negative again and it was, sorry and it was not be. So apart from the fact that we have to negate, we also have to have would, have and the third form of be, which is be.

[00:24:51]So just wouldn't be is unfortunately not enough. Unfortunately we have to give that one a miss. That's the rule. So we have hadn't lost, meaning if she hadn't lost it then, she wouldn't have been late. Yes, but she lost it, so she was late. Okay. All right.

[00:25:12]So zero facts. The first is the future, the second is the unreal present and the third is the past.

[00:25:21]So theoretically we have everything, but what if the past influences the present or the present influences the past and it would seem that this is impossible. And yet [laughter] because in mixed conditional trills they have no numbers, they have no names at all. there is type A, type B or type 1, type 2. They are not sort of arranged in order here like the other four. There are simply two of them and they differ from the usual traditional conditionals in that we do not have the usual context, i.e. it is not only for the future or only for the present or only for the future, but we have different times of the condition and the effect.

[00:26:08]So in this first type of mixed, the past influences the present, i.e. something that happened yesterday influences what is happening now. And here we have the past perfect, so we take the part about the past from the third mode, but the fact that it affects the present we take from the second mode. Well, the second one is the present after all, right? So we have w and the verb, but without have.

[00:26:39]Just a verb with an infinitive.

[00:26:42]So something that happened yesterday has an impact on what is happening now. For example, yesterday I was at a party, drank too much alcohol and now I have a headache. This is more likely than it might seem. This is the influence of the past on the present. Okay.

[00:26:58]Yesterday I met a friend and today and today I don't know I miss her anymore or yesterday I was at a concert and today and today I've been listening to the music that she was at the concert yesterday all day. Yes. What happened yesterday influences what is happening now. So we have part of the third mode, i.e. the past, and part of the second mode, i.e. the present. And now we can also reverse this situation, i.e. something that is now has influenced what was in the past. This is a little less real, less, let's say, imaginable, but still possible. I will give you examples soon and you will also know why. And here, since we have the present, we take away part of the second mood, because it is about the present, so we have if and past simple.

[00:27:56]And then we have the past part, so we're taking up some of the time of mode three, right? So exactly the opposite. So we have if, past simple, would have and the third form. Look at the examples, i.e. either past to present, or present to past.

[00:28:14]Yes? Look, the first one is yyy this one with this type a, so yyy if I had studied medicine I would be a doctor now. So if, for example, 10 years ago I would have studied medicine, I would have gone to medical school, now I would have been a doctor, but I didn't study, so I'm not. Okay, so this is the past affecting the present. And now see the opposite, that is, the present influences the past. This is also possible.

[00:28:45]If she weren't so shy, this is the present, and she is shy.

[00:28:50]But if she weren't shy, she would have spoken up at the meeting yesterday.

[00:29:01]If she weren't so shy, she would have spoken up at the meeting yesterday. But since she is a shy present person, she did not speak at this meeting. Past.

[00:29:13]Okay, another example.

[00:29:17]Jin, so if you had accepted that job, that position, you would be living in Berlin now, but you didn't accept it, so you don't live in Berlin now. The past, yes you had taken the past perfect of the third mode, affects the present.

[00:29:43]And the third, next last example is this second mixed mode B.

[00:29:54]The present influences the past, so if he were more careful, that's a character trait, that's the present, but he 's not careful. But if he was, then he wouldn't have messed it up, right?

[00:30:10]If he had been more careful in the present in general, he wouldn't have messed it up. Mhm. Okay, so now I'm waiting for your version of this sentence and I won't say which type it is, whether a or b, whether the present influences the past or the past influences the present.

[00:30:34]Try it yourself.

[00:30:36]I not miss the flight I be in Paris right now. What form are the verbs in brackets?

[00:30:51]Either type A, i.e. the past influences the present, or vice versa. So what is now, for example, the fact that I am shy, the fact that I don't speak Italian, the fact that I like bananas, yes, the fact that anything that is now doesn't affect what could or could not have happened before. Well done. Okay. I see we have the answers.

[00:31:16]Miss would be missed would be missed would be had miss perfect.

[00:31:24]If I hadn't missed that flight, I would be in Paris now. Yes, but I missed it, so I'm not. Okay. The past influences the present.

[00:31:40]So what? We have these modes, we have six, not actually five, because there are two mixed, but let's take them for the sake of simplifying them into one category. Zero is present, simple, present, simple, fact, general, right? Um, by the way, all these slides that you see, people registered for the Gram Masterclass will receive today in an email to download, so you will be able to print them out, edit them, and so on. You can also take a screenshot, but you will also receive these materials if you are registered.

[00:32:14]If someone is not registered for the grama Masterclass, it will be possible in a moment.

[00:32:18]I have the link ready, so you will be able to sign up. Then you will also receive this email today. Feeding.

[00:32:25]Present simple, present simple. Fact, general truth. The first conditional is the present simple after if, and then the future simple, i.e. will if the verb. Real future. The second is the unreal present. And here we have the past simple and the verb, for example if you do that. If I were you, I wouldn't do this. The unreal present. I am not you. The unreal present.

[00:32:53]Third past. Yes, an unreal past. As if the past had already happened, so all we could do was fantasize about it. After if we have the past perfect, i.e. had and the third form. And then it would have a third form again, right? And mixed. [laughter] We mix different times and conditions, and the effects also occur at different times, meaning that either the past influences the present or the present influences the past. And we'll come back to the modes, because I have some more difficult examples prepared for the end. Now let's focus on what we still have left beyond the modes for today, namely would, if only and I wish. Let's start with the pose and this is the most common mistake, the most common trap. We will never say in such a conditional sentence. You can never say travel. This is unfortunately a mistake.

[00:33:51]Never will and never would. We always have to have some different time here. So for example, if this is the second conditional, if I had more time, travel.

[00:34:03]Never after if I had more time, I would travel.

[00:34:09]The present is so unreal because I don't have this time, so I don't travel.

[00:34:15]When else would it be then?

[00:34:17]Certainly in the main part of the second and third conditionals, right? If I had time, I would help. And in the third one as well, you know, but then I would have helped, so in this case I would have and the third form would, which may be a surprise, because it is a bit of an advanced construction. In can be a replacement for to, but only for repeated actions in the future, not for states. So if there was some activity in the future that you did often with some repetition and you no longer do it, for example when I would grand, that is, when I was a child, I visited my grandmother every summer. I don't do that anymore. And to would can be replaced in this context, in this second dot, and this sentence will have the same meaning. But it's worth remembering, it's like a double asterisk, because it's really advanced, that wod can also be used to express actions from the past that were repetitive, that are important, and that you don't do now. When I was a child I used to visit my grandmother every summer, but now I don't do that anymore.

[00:35:32]I repeat once again that these are repetitive activities, because we can only use it for the United States. For example, when I was a child I was very stubborn, so we wouldn't say I would be very trouble, because that's already a state of mind.

[00:35:48]That's when I only used to be very trouble. And I used to be, now I'm not.

[00:35:53]But some activities were repeated, for example I visited, read, jumped, went fishing. Well, we can use it and wł interchangeably, of course it is also used for questions and for very polite requests and for any polite, formal expressions, right? Would you mind closing the door? So, would you mind closing the door?

[00:36:21]Um, wood is like that, it is really used for speculations, but also for such things as could you instead of for example can you. It's more polite, is n't it? How do we say yyy can you for example or would you can you close the door?

[00:36:38]Can you close the door?

[00:36:41]We can also, of course, say could you close the door, but we can also say would you close the door. So it is even more formal and polite, so it is also possible in such polite requests.

[00:36:58]We will also use W after I wish, but when exactly, we will talk about that in a moment. And what is important, I repeat it once again, is that never after if. This is the guiding principle of would. Never after if. Now please correct this mistake. What is this error and how to correct it? So what will be the correct version of this sentence?

[00:37:40]I would.

[00:37:44]Well, I'll give you a moment. We're experiencing a delay here, so I have to wait a moment for your replies to appear in the chat.

[00:37:54]Exactly. Superansko. Yes Sir. Way to go. You are all right.

[00:38:01]Because it simply has to be followed by the past simple, because then it will be the second conditional, right? If I knew, I would tell you, but I don't, so I won't tell you.

[00:38:16]Good and last part.

[00:38:18]I wish only. Dreams and regrets. No matter how pathetic it may sound.

[00:38:26]I wish is used in three different circumstances, for three different situations, and each time it will be accompanied by a different grammatical construction.

[00:38:39]If the regret concerns the present, then I wish is followed by the past simple.

[00:38:46]If you want something, If you want something to be different now, but it's not.

[00:38:51]For example, wish French. I would like to speak French, but I don't speak it, but I would like to.

[00:39:00]Frch, I wish I had more time.

[00:39:08]So she would like to live closer to her family, but she doesn't. So these are regrets broken into dreams about what is now.

[00:39:17]I wish something were different, but it is n't.

[00:39:21]If it is something that concerns the present, use the past simple. However, if something concerns the past, if you have regrets about something that has already happened, the past perfect, for example wishud, i.e. I wish I had studied harder for the exam. It's already happened, the milk has been spilled, but I don't feel bad about it. I feel sorry for myself. I regret not studying harder.

[00:39:53]I regret not saying that. I wish I had or he wishes yes job. So he would like to or regrets not taking the job, or he would like to take it, but he didn't.

[00:40:10]Okay. So taken and wished perfect. Okay. Because this regret, this wish for something, this dream of ours, concerns something that has already happened. Okay, because we have yes, we have I wish I had studied harder, that is, I did not study, but I would like to change that. No, we can't change it in the future. So this is just a regret that I am expressing, that I wish I had studied more. Oh, I regret not having studied more. If we say, for example, I wish I studied more, then this regret concerns the present. If we say fast simple, okay? So I would like to learn more now. But I don't know, I don't study because, for example, I don't have time.

[00:41:02]Yes, but when I say I wish I had studied, it means that it concerns what has already happened, i.e. I regret that I did not study more.

[00:41:12]And the third form of would is precisely I wish I would. And this is used in situations where something irritates or annoys us. Often it is related to such irritation, because we simply want someone or something to change. [laughter] And then we have I wish would and a verb like I wish you would stop interupting because it really annoys me. Yes, something that makes me want things to be different because it makes me angry, upset, irritated or I wish it would stop raining. I wish it would finally stop raining because it's still raining and I ca n't go for a run, can I?

[00:41:53]Or for example I wish you would stop smoking. If we really want something to change because it irritates us or upsets us, then so be it. But one little star. We don't say I wish I would if we're talking about ourselves. So if we want something to be different from ourselves, then we say it, we use this fast tempo construction. Okay. Not when we talk about ourselves. So, for example, if we want to say I wish I had more money, right? We can't say this in money, because, for example, the lack of money annoys me very much. Yes, even if it annoys us a lot, but since we are talking about ourselves as wish, we just have to use the past simple, right? I wish I had more money, not I wish I would. I wish I wish with would is used only in situations in which we want to express this dissatisfaction, this irritation, we want to change something in relation to someone or something. Okay.

[00:42:59]And it's very, very similar to I wish, only more dramatic, [laughter] more emotional, simply stronger, and exactly the same rules apply as with I wish. For example, only I if only I knew what to do now.

[00:43:25]Yes, I wish I do as well. If only I knew, I would like to know what to do. Yes, if only I knew what to do.

[00:43:33]If we want to express any regrets about what has already happened, then only qu oh, if only I hadn't quit my job, yes, but I did. But oh, if only I hadn't quit. This is such a very emotional regret, right? Such a big regret, definitely bigger than I wish.

[00:43:55]Oh, if only he would listen to me. Yes. And what really irritates me is that he doesn't listen to me.

[00:44:04]Okay, so if there is a more dramatic expression of regret or longing or some feeling stronger than just I wish, then if only will most definitely apply.

[00:44:19]Okay, this is task number one. Um, what form of the verb in brackets should we use? I wish. What?

[00:44:29]I wish I knew the answer right now. I wish I had known the answer right now.

[00:44:33]Would I wish I would know the answer right now. Please enter it in the chat.

[00:44:48]Derek, you wrote if I will, but I don't know what your question is about.

[00:44:57]Okay, I have your first answers. I wish I knew. Exactly. Very good.

[00:45:03]Way to go. I wish I knew. Because it is a regret about the present. Yes.

[00:45:08]I wish I either wished I knew or I just wish I knew the answer now, right? But I don't know her, but I would like to know her, or I regret that I don't know her. That's what we would also say in Polish.

[00:45:22]Okay, so in this sentence, what will be the form of the verb in brackets?

[00:45:30]What will we put here?

[00:45:45]Well, I'll give you a moment.

[00:45:48]I wish I didn't eat. I wish I would eat or I hadn't eaten has it here? What form?

[00:46:00]Good thing the girls wrote here. Yes Sir. I wish I hadn't. Because it's about regret about the past, something that is already irreversible, right? So I kind of regret eating so much yesterday, right?

[00:46:12]Or I wish I hadn't eaten so much. Well, in Polish they say: "I regret eating so much, right?" I wish I hadn't eaten English the other way around. Yes, so I wish I hadn't eaten so much in the negative, and in Polish I regret that it happened.

[00:46:25]I regret eating so much.

[00:46:28]Okay, so we had zero facts.

[00:46:34]Real future, first, unreal present, second, unreal past, third. It is when we mix up the effect with the effect with the condition, when it comes to time, mixed modes, and also regrets and dreams. I wish.

[00:46:51]And now, as I always said in the last two lessons, you don't have to remember the rules. You just need to start hearing and noticing them. So next time you listen to a song, watch a series, watch a movie or just talk to someone in English, pay attention to what moods they use, what grammatical forms they use, when someone says i wish, what they use next. Just do n't be sensitive, as if you were just noticing these characteristic phrases and expressions. All right. And now like this. Today we had modes. Of course, there are three more lessons ahead of us, and then the final live session, on August 5, August 12, and August 19.

[00:47:41]Always Wednesday at 11:00 and August 26th at the very end. As you can see, we will also have uh, verb forms on August 5th, then indirect questions, and the icing on the cake will be prefixes, i.e. en and w. And now a surprise for the more advanced ones, i.e. additional exercises, which will be really difficult, but let's try.

[00:48:10]Convert it to inversion.

[00:48:15]I know I didn't talk about inversion, but let's see if you can handle it and who might already know inversion and who might just learn it and if you don't know inversion, try to do it by feel.

[00:48:31]This is the third conditional, right?

[00:48:33]If I had known about the meeting, I would have come, but how do I make an inversion out of it? Inversion is a change of order in a sentence.

[00:48:47]So we have to make this first part of the sentence into a sort of question form. I won't say more, maybe you'll know without my explanations here.

[00:48:59]Great. Very good girls.

[00:49:00]Exactly.

[00:49:05]And see that it's still a conditional even though there isn't one. So look at this inversion here.

[00:49:12]Inversion gives us that this if is unnecessary. Well, actually, it's simply unnecessary. Maybe not so much that it is unnecessary, but unnecessary because, as we say, inversion is about changing the order. Let's switch to question mode. And knowown, here we already have it automatically grammatically built into it.

[00:49:34]If I had known about the meeting, I would, what is the difference then between I had known and haddown. Well, it's more formal or more dramatic or both, right? Because it's like, "Oh, if I had known."

[00:49:51]On the principle of, oh crap, I didn't know, so no, I didn't come. but also more formal.

[00:49:57]This also happens frequently in written English.

[00:50:01]Okay, now the second one. Mixed mode.

[00:50:06]Two different effects, two different times. I'll give you a moment to digest that sentence.

[00:50:16]Well, let's see what you can come up with here.

[00:50:34]Well, something influences something, that is, either the past influences the present, or the present influences the past, because this is what happens in mixed modes.

[00:50:47]Well, I'll give you a moment.

[00:51:03]Mhm.

[00:51:08]Okay, I see the first one.

[00:51:13]Okay, Panela, what you wrote is the second conditional mood, which means we assume that your situation concerns the unreal present, and here in this sentence on the slide we have two effects and two different tenses. Okay, this is kind of mixed mode.

[00:51:35]Okay, Laura has already given her answer. Okay, I'll wait for one more person and show the correct answer.

[00:51:52]Well, someone else.

[00:51:55]And I see that Oliwia also gave. All right.

[00:51:57]Okay. Okay, okay, girls, this is it now.

[00:52:03]First, qu is an irregular verb. Its three forms are quit, quit, quit. That's why we can't say quit, but quit is also a past form. We have ifadoplasti, meaning if she hadn't quit her job last year, she would be unemployed now.

[00:52:34]like a double twisted mode mixed mode, because if she hadn't quit her job then, she would be unemployed now, but she would n't have met her business partner if she hadn't quit then.

[00:52:55]So it's double mixed. Okay.

[00:52:59]I said it would be tricky, if she hadn't resigned then, she would be unemployed now, but also that she wouldn't have met her partner then.

[00:53:09]Yeah, that's like two modes in one sentence, okay? Two different mixed ones, because on the one hand the past influences the present, but also the past and the past, right? So we have a mixed plus three, because see, if she hadn't resigned then, she wouldn't have met her business partner, but also if she hadn't resigned, she would be unemployed now.

[00:53:35]Okay.

[00:53:36]And I'll just see Paulina, if your opinion were correct, but no, not if it's about two effects and two different times, right?

[00:53:48]Because when we talk about something that happened then and has an impact on the present, it cannot be the second conditional, as you wrote, because the second conditional refers to the unreal present, but that would also be okay, but in a completely different meaning, because if she hadn't quit her job, she wouldn't be unemployed now.

[00:54:11]If we are purely hypothetical, right? If she hadn't resigned, she wouldn't be unemployed.

[00:54:18]Okay, Oliwia, you wrote again.

[00:54:21]Okay, let's see if that would be possible then. I'll just analyze it myself. If she hadn't resigned then, she would be unemployed now.

[00:54:31]M hm.

[00:54:34][clearing throat] and she wouldn't meet her now.

[00:54:38]It wasn't, it wouldn't be a big grammatical error, but I wrote here that these are two different effects, no, two different times, so it's as if the fact that she didn't quit her job had an impact on the present, but also on the past.

[00:54:58]Okay? Therefore, two effects, two different times, right? what I wrote here in brackets, right?

[00:55:05]So in this context, only this version is correct, the one in green.

[00:55:12]However, in general, if you had your own opinion in such a situation that if she hadn't resigned, she would n't have met him now, then it would also be okay, because there was an end, not a but. Okay, I'll take another look.

[00:55:35]Only that the whip wouldn't make much sense here, because, look, if she hadn't quit her job, she would be unemployed now. We could expand on this more to explain that it was also a consequence of the past, but bad would certainly not be enough for it to make logical sense, because, as I wrote here in parentheses, there are two consequences and two different times. My point was not that what happened or did not happen in the past should influence the present, but also the past.

[00:56:17]Such sentences also happen, so for example, don't be surprised if this conditional mood is actually a bit more complex than, say, the classic pattern predicts, because this sentence is multi-complex and we have this first part affecting both the present and the past.

[00:56:39]Okay.

[00:56:40]I hope it is clearer now.

[00:56:44]Okay and one last example. the more advanced one.

[00:56:47]This sentence contains an error. I would like you to find it and correct it. There is only one mistake.

[00:56:59]I will immediately tell you what it concerns and what the correct version will be.

[00:57:24]Okay, I see Pamela has already written.

[00:57:26]I'm still waiting for one more answer.

[00:57:33]Okay, we have three different versions and only one is correct.

[00:57:37]Correct version I wish I.

[00:57:40]Okay.

[00:57:43]Because when we talk about ourselves we cannot use "would" as I told you on that slide, we can say "would" and "wish my brother would stop teing" if something irritates us or annoys us, if we really want it to change. However, when we talk about ourselves, unfortunately it has to be the ordinary past simple. Why can't there be you? Pamela wrote wish. It could theoretically be as if spoken language accepts everything.

[00:58:14]However, strictly grammatically, we use you in the conditional mood, conditional sentences only and exclusively when there is a high probability, meaning a high degree of probability, as if or a high degree of possibility, that it is true. And that's not the case here.

[00:58:32]Usually there isn't. That's why we usually say I wish I strength. That is why we do not say was in conditional sentences, even though standard grammar seems to indicate that we use both was and she was, but not in conditional sentences. In conditional sentences, especially in the second conditional, because it is so unrealistic by definition, it is better to say I wish I, no? That's why in this song Beyonce says I wish I a boy, and not I wish I a because or if I a because I'm sorry if I a because she sings, I guess not now I doubted myself but definitely I wish or or if I were a boy if I were a boy no and this is unrealistic that's why it is and not you good no problem Pamela but I preferred to explain it because really why No. Well, now you know. Okay, now yes. If someone is not registered, my dears, for the entire Gram Masterclass series, I am leaving here the QR code to register for this series. Then you will receive a link to the replay from today, but also materials from today. So I strongly, strongly encourage you. Especially since you will also get access to the next three lessons, or rather four. Also here is a code to sign up for the entire series.

[00:59:55]And think to yourself that if this hour has helped you understand and tame these conditionals a little, then think of what you can achieve with access to the recording without a time limit. 47 pages of exercises on exactly the same topic. And there's always time to come back to it when you need it.

[01:00:18]Um, and you can uh, join this, this unlimited access, get this beautiful workbook in the photo, where there are 47 pages of materials. yyy and there are various things there, because there are stories with gaps, but there are also corrections of errors, there are or unless yyy various various tasks yyy to solve yyy and only y sorry not until July 10, of course, but this price of EL and BL is valid until tomorrow.

[01:00:53]So just as the free recording is available until the end, until tomorrow, the lower price is also available.

[01:01:02]Libet for unlimited time access to this lesson and workbook. And I'm also leaving the code here if anyone would like to join right away.

[01:01:13]And I also have an extra surprise, the same surprise I also had in the last lesson. Well, conditionals are also irregular verbs. But here I have an extra gift for you. If someone joins or buys today's lesson with this, I'll get unlimited access there, or joins the entire paid version of the grama masterclass, they will receive from me today this additional workbook with these 100 irregular verbs, not simple ones like break, broken, but really very advanced ones, ones that you usually won't find in textbooks, but they are also used after all. Y, he will be there too. Qu is not such a simple verb in terms of this past form. We have quit, quyt, quyt, so quyt will be one of the co-verbs that will be there.

[01:02:07]And of course there are tasks for this too.

[01:02:10]So if someone joins this lesson or the entire series today by the end of the day, they will get what they want as a gift.

[01:02:17]Okay, this is an offer only for today. And of course, a lot of people have already joined the entire series at once for 199, so then you have access to all six lessons with no time limit and you have all six workbooks. And if you join today, you'll also get this workbook with irregular verbs. So here either the entire series or just today's lesson.

[01:02:48]And this price for today's lesson 49 is only until tomorrow, until the end of the day. Then the price will increase to 79.

[01:02:57]However, until the end of this entire Grama Masterclass series, the price for the entire series is 199, because then when we finish the live event it will be 299.

[01:03:09]And now I strongly encourage you to ask questions.

[01:03:13]If you have any questions, feel free to ask. I'll wait because I know it's reaching you with a delay.

[01:03:21]And in the meantime, I would like to remind you that if anyone joins today either the lesson on moods or the entire series, they will also receive these irregular verbs at a really advanced level as a gift from me.

[01:03:38]Please ask questions. This is the time.

[01:03:43]The review for this lesson will be available until tomorrow, until the end of the day, and then only for those who purchase either this lesson or the entire series, then you have unlimited access in time, just like all the tasks, and also for those who purchase the lessons or the entire series. There are also additional interactive tests to do, and I never do this, just what I planned at the beginning. I always add something else somewhere, so these tests are also an addition that I came up with at the end and arranged these tests for you. There will also be a test for the modes if you join a lesson or the entire series. Okay, I don't see any questions in the chat, so let me just move to the last slide and thank you for today. So, thanks a lot everyone.

[01:04:39]Remember that the replay is available until the end of the day tomorrow. Today, you will receive an email from me with a link to the replay and to the slides we had today. Well, thank you then and I'll see you on August 5th. Yes, remember that I'm going on vacation now, so there will be a small break here.

[01:05:00]See you again on August 2nd, 5th, sorry. It's always Wednesday, always 11:00. Also in August, please reserve all Wednesdays at 11:00, because we have the remaining three lessons plus the live final one.

[01:05:16]If there are no questions, thank you very much and see you in August.