Tamyeez - The Specification | Arabic Grammar Lesson

[00:00:00]As-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.

[00:00:03]Today, inshallah, we'll learn about at-tamyiz, meaning the specification.

[00:00:09]To get a clear idea about this concept, let's look at the following examples.

[00:00:14]Indi mitr, meaning I have a meter.

[00:00:17]But here the question is, a meter of what?

[00:00:21]Also, if I say, Ahmad ahsanu minni, it means Ahmad is better than me. Again, the question is, in what respect he is better? Now, if I say, indi mitrun hariran, it means I have a meter of silk.

[00:00:38]And if I say, Ahmad ahsanu minni khattan, it means Ahmad is better than me in writing. So, what we see here is that hariran and khattan, which are mansub, removed the preceding ambiguity.

[00:00:53]This is called tamyiz. So, the definition of at-tamyiz will be, it is an indefinite noun in the accusative case to clarify and explain a preceding ambiguity. At-tamyiz is divided into two types.

[00:01:08]Tamyiz udh-dhat and tamyiz un-nisbah.

[00:01:12]First, let's learn about tamyiz udh-dhat. This type explains an ambiguous noun which is explicitly mentioned before it. For example, ishtaraytu litran haliban, meaning I bought a liter of milk. Here, haliban is tamyiz udh-dhat because it clarifies the ambiguity of litran.

[00:01:32]So, the i'rab of haliban will be haliban, tamyizun mansubun wa alamatun nasbihi al-fathatu al-dhahirah. Yani, a specification accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fathah. There are certain types of ambiguous nouns clarified by tamyiz udh-dhat. Number one is numbers. For example, indi ishruna kitaban, have 20 books and in numbers it appears from number 11 to 99 as in the verse from Surah Yusuf.

[00:02:14]Indeed, I have seen 11 stars and the sun and the moon. I saw them prostrating to me.

[00:02:20]Another example, Indeed, the number of months with Allah is 12 months in the register of Allah.

[00:02:32]Another example, And when we made an appointment with Moses for 40 nights.

[00:02:42]One more example, Indeed, this my brother has 99 ewes.

[00:02:52]Tamyiz also appears with kam for an unspecified quantity being asked about.

[00:02:57]For example, meaning how many books did you read?

[00:03:04]Next category clarified by tamyiz is quantities and these are words indicating specific measures such as area. For example, and the we are on urban meaning I have a cubit of land.

[00:03:20]Next form of quantity is dry measures.

[00:03:23]For example, meaning I gave him a sa'a of dates. Sa'a is a traditional measure. And it also specifies weights. For example, meaning do you have a meaning do you have a of ghee? Ritle again is a traditional weight. And there are also words that resemble measures as in the verse, >> Yanni, indeed those who disbelieve and die while they are disbelievers, never would the whole capacity of the earth in gold be accepted from one of them if he would ransom himself with it.

[00:04:10]Another example, so whosoever does an atom's weight of good will see it. And the following words are of the same surah, and whosoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it.

[00:04:29]Now, as for the rules, tamyiz az-zaat may be expressed in three ways. Number one, in the accusative case. For example, indi mitrun hariran, I have a meter of silk. Number two, in the genitive after the preposition min.

[00:04:45]For example, indi mitrun min harir.

[00:04:49]Yanni, I have a meter of silk. And number three is in the genitive by idafa. Yanni, it is mudaf ilayhi.

[00:04:57]For example, indi mitru harir.

[00:05:01]Again, it means I have a meter of silk.

[00:05:03]Also, the noun denoting the measure may also be annexed to a noun other than tamyiz.

[00:05:09]As we saw in the examples from the Quran, and faman ya'mal mithqala dharratin So, here you see mil and mithqala, which are denoting the measure, and these are made mudaf.

[00:05:29]Now, let's come to tamyizun nisbah, which is used to clarify an ambiguity within the entire sentence.

[00:05:37]For example, hasuna rajul, meaning the man was good. Here, the man's goodness could be related to his work, honesty, kindness, etc. Which is still ambiguous.

[00:05:49]So, when we say "Hasuna rajulu khuluqan", meaning the man was good in character, so khuluqan is tamyiz because it removes the ambiguity within the entire sentence. The tamyiz in such sentences, that is the sentences like "Hasuna rajulu khuluqan", it is a transformed specification known as al-muhawwal. This means this type was originally a different grammatical component before being changed to tamyiz. It could be transformed from doer, that is file. So, the sentence "Hasuna rajulu khuluqan", meaning the man was good in character, it is actually "Hasuna khuluqu rajul", the man's character was good, in which khuluq is file, which is transformed to tamyiz.

[00:06:37]This tamyiz an-nisbah can also be transformed from object, that is maf'ul.

[00:06:42]For example, "Zara'tul hadiqa az- haran", meaning I planted the garden with flowers. Here, azharan is tamyiz an-nisbah. Its original sentence is "Zara'tu azharal hadiqa", meaning I planted the garden's flowers. In which azhar is maf'ul bih.

[00:07:01]And it could also be transformed from subject, that is mubtada. For example, "Huwa aktharu minni malan", he is more than me in wealth. So, its original sentence is "Maluhu aktharu minni", meaning his wealth is more than mine, where maluhu is mubtada.

[00:07:20]It must be noted that there are non-transformed specifications too, which are not derived from any grammatical component.

[00:07:28]Now, let's have a look at some examples from the Quran to make it clear.

[00:07:33]"Waman ahsanu min Allahi hukman liqawmin yuqinun". So, here hukman is tamyiz an-nisbah, and the translation of this verse is but who is better than Allah in judgment for the people who are certain?

[00:07:48]Next example I'm greater than you in wealth and mightier in men.

[00:07:58]Next example But those who believe are stronger in love for Allah and with that I conclude my lesson.

[00:08:09]Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.