The UK's youth unemployment crisis, with 1.01 million young people not in employment, education, or training (NEET), represents a 'lost generation' caused by the convergence of multiple factors: pandemic-induced disruption during critical developmental stages (GCSEs/A-levels), the disappearance of traditional entry-level jobs like Saturday paper rounds, government policies making hiring more difficult, and the rise of technology that has created a generation accustomed to online inactivity rather than real-world interaction. This creates a complex challenge requiring coordinated reform across education, welfare, and labor market systems, as young people struggle to develop the social skills and confidence needed for employment while facing barriers from automated screening systems and mental health challenges.
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Deep Dive
Is Covid the cause of the 'lost generation'?Added:
We're joined now by Lapier and former special adviser Baroness Aisha Hzerica and by the males Sarah Vine. Good morning to you.
>> We've got to start by talking about this report on young people and unemployment.
It's in front pages of many of the newspapers today. It's our top story and such a real worry, isn't it? We were talking about this. We're going to be speaking to three 23 year olds later on in the program. Great qualifications.
They've been doing application after application and they cannot get a job.
And the worry is that if you miss that first crucial step on the ladder, what that down means for their future.
>> I think this is one of the biggest challenges facing our society at the moment. And not only is it obviously not great for the economy, but for each one of those individual young people that start life not being able to get a job or get education or get training and they start their lives on benefits, that is a personal tragedy for them and their parents as well. If you start your life on benefits, there's a high chance you will end up staying on on benefits. And also work is good for you. Work is where you become a a young person, you become a young adult. You learn so much at work, your character, your personality, you make friends, you you meet partners, um or or whatever you you know, your life blossoms, you know, at that sort of stage in terms of getting those opportunities. So, I think this is a great tragedy.
>> There are so many interpretations and reasons given for why this has happened.
What what's your take on that? I think it's a lot of factors. I think um I think co is probably quite a big factor in this because I think that um young people I mean this this group of people as you say are sort of 23 24 they were the people who were worst I think affected by COVID because they were doing their GCSEs A levels at around the time of the lockdowns but my children are that age and I think they became very isolated during co it was enforced on them and they also became very overrelyant on a online world because that was the only way they could really communicate and I think they lost that at a crucial stage in their lives. They sort of had they were unplugged from normal life and I think that is what is contributing to a lot of these uh mental health problems that we're seeing in in that sort of age group which is in turn contributing to them sort of getting stuck on benefits.
>> You think maybe they can't present themselves properly? Yeah, I don't think it's I just think that they are I think that they were I think they were dealt a kind of hammer blow to their >> development at a really crucial stage and I and I mean I was very skeptical about lockdown but I think one of the worst things about the lockdowns was that they stopped children going from school and I always going to school and I always thought that the schools would were an essential service and should have remained open because they were very important for people's development and the thing about children is that they only have a limited windows of opportunity in their development and once they've passed that window. That's just a bit of their development that hasn't happened. So, I think there's a lot of factors here. There is also, you know, the fact that this government is making it very difficult for employers to take people on because there are a lot of punitive measures that have been introduced national insurance >> and all of that kind of stuff. That's harder for people to employ people and they're more reticent to do so. Uh, and there, you know, and and all of that kind of stuff. So, I think it's it's never one thing, is it? It's a sort of combination of factors.
>> Perfect storm.
>> Um and I >> is that fair to say Aisha? I mean, you know, there's been that accusation, hasn't there, that actually this has been caused. the lack of opportunities, the lack of those entry levelvel jobs has been made worse because of some of the measures that were brought.
>> Look, I I think there's been a lot of push back against those measures and I I I understand that and I hear that, but I think this is a really deep problem and I do think that you are right in terms of we have moved and I think this is very worrying and I think you see this at a lot of different stages of people's lives to a kind of a more contactless society, right? You would have a situation where you're growing up, you'd have your Saturday job, you might do kind of jobs at while you're at university in the in the school holidays or the summer holidays from university.
That was a a thing. And it was a whole thing where your mom and dad were like, "Right, you're going off to to get a job." And actually going into a workplace was quite scary. I remember working at restaurants and various things like that. But that's where you learn a lot about life and you learn a lot about how to interact with people.
You learn about how to get somewhere on time. got the excitement of your first paycheck, all of those things. And I I helped u some an industry set up an apprenticeship scheme a while ago in the creative industries. It was a sector that lots of young people would want to get into. But one of the things that's really interesting is once people came in, young people were coming in. A lot of people were saying the young people felt quite nervous being there. they were very very good at doing things sort of you know online in the online application but actually things like picking up a phone or being at reception or or even just making the sort of small chat so I do think that and those are often skills where yes academic skills are really really important but not everybody's going to be an academic sometimes those skills those confidence being able to come in have a chat with somebody do that social that kind of conf that social capital is really important as well >> something else that that Milbourne said in this very interesting report is that I mean the double-edged sword of benefits. You mentioned benefits that of course on the one hand, you know, kids have got to eat and they've got to live.
Uh but he says that the benefits culture is exacerbating the problem.
>> I think well I think that's a very interesting point that he makes and I think again it goes back to the to the way that uh young people's lifestyles have changed. So you know uh when I came out of university I came out into the sort of teeth of a of a recession actually and there were no jobs at all.
>> Well 1930s you had a lot of work done. Um but um but you you you you you couldn't just sit at you you couldn't just sit at home all day. You would go mad. Now you can sit at home all day and you can play your Xbox or you can sit at home all day and you can just be on social media.
>> You can just look at Tik Tok for hours and hours. There's just there is so many ways in which you can just be completely inert in your life because of the electronic kind of environment that you're living in. So, you know, you you're it's much it's much harder to snap out of that. And these and these and this world is a very addictive world as we've seen. You know, we we've been talking this week also about, you know, uh limiting uh social media use for under 16s and all the kind of conversation around smartphones and all this sort of stuff. It's it's it it sucks you in and it and it takes you away from you to that we we are in the generation of kids and now becoming young adults in their bedrooms on their phones. That is the generation that we have created. That is the generation that we are in now. And for those kids, I think what's hard for them is when you have grown up on your phone scrolling, this kind of scrolling generation, suddenly you're sort of told, well, actually, you've got to get out there and get a job and interact with people.
You're like, well, hang on, I've sort of grown up in in my bedroom on screens.
This is a screen generation. And I think we are paying quite a heavy, but also in terms of children's health, in terms of childhood obesity, you know, adult obesity as well.
>> It's so interesting how you mentioned about the social media ban. We also had this horrific case this week about these two boys, you know, doing that terrible thing, filming it on their phone. We are, and Tony Blair made a big thing yesterday about tech and we are at this point where tech is really colliding with real life consequences. On the one hand, we're like tech is great. It's going to cause it's going to create loads of efficiencies. You know we do a lot of our commerce on tech but actually it's also created a generation which has kind of deadened brains made people quite scared of the world spreading a lot of misogyny and you know hatred and all this kind of thing I just think we are and also AI is coming to take a lot of jobs it does feel like a tipping point doesn't it where if action's not taken now then it could have consequences when we look at the what the what the answer to this is because is there a worry that Alan Melbourne saying rather than it being a single failure it's it's factors. It's schools, health system, welfare, the labor market. You know, that's an awfully big uh set of issues to deal with, isn't it?
How can you is the worry that actually nothing will get done because he's sort of saying all of these systems need to be all right there. All of these systems need to be radically reformed. I mean, that's not going to happen overnight, is it?
>> Yes. I mean, this I think Alan Milbour is a very admirable politician actually because he's very he's very he's not just say he's not doing a soundbar thing. This is he's he's pointing out that there are really serious endemic problems in our society and that there isn't a silver bullet. But the thing about the tech is it is rewiring our brains and it is rewiring our children's brains and it's rewiring our society.
And the question that you have to ask yourself is, you know, do we basically want to take control of this situation or are we just going to let the tech bros and the bots do it for us? And I kind of feel at the moment we're not in control. Well, there's another aspect to the you were talking about this earlier, Charlotte, to AI and that is that that quite often these kids are sending in their applications online and AI is screening them out because they just use slightly the wrong sentence, the wrong phrase and the algorithm has rubbing them on them and they don't get any further. They just get they get knocked back straight away. They get no chance to to explain or to redeem themselves or to show that they're actually much more than >> the even to go through the interview process as well. You know, that that's all sort of screened. Look, as you see, Charlotte, this is very complicated and it is about joining up lots of dots. And I think Alan Milbour has attempted to do this. And there's different categories of of young there'll be some young people who've got who who really feel that for whatever reason they have anxiety or mental health problems, they can't. There's also a lot of young people who actually would like to get into the workforce. They do want to get out and and start their lives. You also have businesses who it is more difficult and I accept that challenge that that you put but also businesses need to be supported to have young people coming into the work.
>> Yeah. And also that is quite a lot of time and effort for businesses as well.
If you bring young people and you've got a training scheme, you can't just bring them into the workplace and do nothing.
You have to have structured schemes.
There's sort of health and safety issues. There's welfare issues. So all of this needs and if you have somebody and they have not ever been in a workplace and let's say they have been on benefits for a while, they will need specific coaching to get back into the workplace. They will need to be treated properly when they get into. So all of this stuff needs uh support along the way. It also costs money. Yeah. As well.
>> I saw this week also that for example Manchester University have now made it part of every course that you have to do work you have to do a work placement during your university degree which I think is a really good idea. I mean, I had a job when I was at university. I had a part-time job at the body shop.
>> Um, which was nice because I got 50% off peppermint foot cream. But, but it was it was very important. But, but it was good because it meant that as well as being at university, I was sort of I was understanding the need.
>> You know that that's that question about whether those opportunities are there now. Pat McFadden was talking about the the death of the paper round, the death of those Saturday jobs, the >> and the milk round.
>> Yeah, exactly. Even even I'd say the >> young people used to do as their first >> the death of the shop worker. I mean, how many shops do you go into now and there's literally one person as the shops getting ransacked by shoplifterss because people don't even have staff in shops anymore.
>> We have we have to say the work and pension secretary was mentioned Pat McFaden has he's kind of pushed back on this Melbourne thing. He says that the government's already taking action by bringing forward the biggest youth employment reforms, he says, in a generation to create 500,000 opportunities for young people, including a youth jobs grant for businesses starting next month, more apprenticeships, and subsidized employment to help young people get a foot on the ladder. That's the official response. One more question before we move on. I want to talk about rubbish and people who leave litter on the beaches. Um, but you didn't you didn't really talk about benefits. The Conservative part is coming out today and saying, "We're going to slash benefits. This is this is going to help.
we're going to cut PIP, personal independent um payments. Would do you think that that would help?
>> I think just coming out with a blanket statement saying we're going to cut PIP is is not the right way to do this because there'll be some people who really need their PIP payments. So I think it's much better and and you know sub governments have tried to look at this. It's if you want to do a proper welfare to work scheme which I 100% support I think for all the reasons that I've set out.
Oh, I don't know what is going on. We've got a bit of >> malfunctioning equipment. I can assure you that's nothing coming from us. It's from under the desk. So, >> Richard, is that you? Hopefully, we'll be able to >> It's always the blame, isn't it? It's always the guy >> gremlin's in assistant. We'll just blame Richard.
>> Just say that that what the trolls are saying is they're talking about >> they're going to reassess them, aren't they? Mild the mild >> neurological things like anxiety.
>> Yeah. So, they're going to go through all of the current payments and they're going to work.
>> What I would think would help would be facetoface assessments. quite a lot of assessments are done online as well. I think proper face-to-face assessments. I think every there is a lot of consensus that we do want to have a situation where people if people can work they should do and they should be given the right opportunities but that doesn't always save a hu sometimes you have to invest in that and then down the track you save money.
>> Why don't people take their rubbish home with them?
>> 200 tons of rubbish found on and had to be cleared away by the council on on on Brighton Beach um particularly on the bank holiday Monday. The sun came out.
People came down quite rightly to enjoy themselves by the water. But when they left, most of them, a lot of them left that. They left sandwich wrappers, bottles, uh the remains of food. They just couldn't put it in the bags that they brought it in and take take it back to their own dust. What the heck's happened to us?
>> It's disgusting. I always think that we always have this thing when they have festivals, music festivals, and you get all these young people who are all very sort of net zero, woke, etc., and then they just leave mountains of plastic behind. You just think, can you not make that connection? And it's it it's the same thing here. I don't know why why have people why do people think that somebody else is going to clean up their mess?
>> All sorts of things. We're just looking here like in the whirl. Tents were left, towels, wet wipes, children clothing.
Children children, not children, but children's clothing were among hundreds of items left behind. Bournemouth, hundreds of plastic cups and bottles, beer cans, takeaway boxes. I mean, we've got this quote here actually from Brighton and Hove City Council. So, they say the cleanup team was out in force.
It's important anyone visiting the beaches does what they can to dispose of their rubbish responsibly. But the bins were left overflowing. So if there's a situation where all the bins are full and people are just leaving their stuff by the bin, you kind of think, well, what what's the answer in that situation? Are people supposed to take all their rubbish home with them >> with you and take it?
>> Bring it home. I mean, that's what I did. You must have less to take back with you than you brought cuz you've consumed stuff. So it's not going to be as heavy. But I just think people are like so bad on litter generally. I mean, not even the beaches, even just people fly tipping and throwing stuff out the window and on trains and things like that. Like we seem to have become like really quite sllovenly as >> a throwaway consumer society where you will just, you know, I can't be bothered to wash it, so I'll just chuck it out.
And it's just it is that >> a slightly different take, but still on the same theme. Um up in up in Lakeland um people tend can often park very badly on the narrow roads in Lakeland. Uh and some farmers get really really fed up about this. So we've had some direct action here. Some badly parked cars where you shouldn't have been. Um the farmer got his slurry allegedly although wonders if there's any other possible explanation. Um and liberally sprayed the cars that shouldn't have been parked where they were parked. And apparently the local car wash uh did wonderful roaring trade. We're not implying that the car wash was in any way involved in the smearing of the cars, but you you can understand why. I mean, it's bad enough when you see a car parked up on a pavement or something, isn't it? I can see why a farmer would want to do that.
>> Yeah. No, I love that. I love that.
That's absolutely brilliant.
>> Directed in that case to tackle the rubbish issue, isn't it?
>> Do you know why Mandlesson according to the Guardian was not recommended officially, but of course, everyone ignored it uh for the job as ambassador to Washington? Nothing to do with Epstein. It was his links to China and Russia and Israel.
>> Yes.
>> Yeah.
>> Does that is that does that >> Well, that that doesn't that doesn't really um surprise me. Well, and also these are this is speculative because we're still waiting for for others. Yes.
And there will be some information that we will you know we won't know about because there there is some stuff which is redacted on um national security grounds. But the the tra the tragedy about the well the whole thing is sort of tragic. But I mean, I I've said this before on on record. Mandlesson was appointed because of his connections with people like Jeffrey Epstein. That's the bit that no one's saying out loud.
He was put in that job because it was felt. Look, this guy, you know, swims in the same sort of waters as these sharks, probably sits in the same hot tubs as these people. He can do deals with people like Donald Trump if he knows people. That's why >> there's an argument for that.
>> It was a sort of send a thief to catch a thief sort of thought. But but but the thoughts of those women who were abused by Jeffrey Epstein were just literally not in the conversation.
>> You think that if Starmmer had actually said back when this whole thing blew up, if you simply stood up and said, "Look, when I think I said this on the show a couple of months ago, when when you're sending someone into a snake pit, which is what Washington is, you don't send a VO, you send a snake who knows how to take care of themselves." That's what I was trying to do. I can see now why it was a bad decision, but perhaps you can accept the logic behind it.
>> Yeah. No, I think I think that I'm sure that was the logic behind it actually because I mean Mandlesson does have fingers in very or did or probably still does have fingers in very many pies. Not all of them terribly nice pies.
>> Well, actually that's another aspect of this report about him. Apparently, when he was in Washington before he got the chop, he was always on the phone and sending emails to loads of other heads page of the Today Mansg told cabinet how to do their jobs. I mean, are we are we worried here about the level of influence? Aisha, I don't know how it works. But if Mandlesson's sending cabinet ministers messages saying you should be doing this, you should be doing that. You know what's going on with the influence there?
>> It it's no surprise Mandles, Peter Mandlesson was one of the most important influential men in British politics. He was the kind of architect of of new labor. We we we saw yesterday how Tony Blair still dominates the headlines, you know, in terms of, you know, when he wants to pontificate. Well, don't forget Peter Mandlesson was his sort of right-hand person. So, his influence over the Labour Party was absolutely huge. So, that doesn't surprise me at all.
>> And I think he and I think that influence was I think people he he he was a bit of a legend in the in the Labour Party. So, people did listen to him. People were scared of him. They were in awe of him. Um >> he was a very shrewd operator.
>> Very yes. Very very very manipulative, very skilled man and highly intelligent.
really really intelligent but completely sort of ruthless in his in his >> and we must also point out denies any wrongdoing and any connections to these uh inquiries and says he's cooperating fully with the police. Um what was I going to say next? It slipped my mind.
Over to you Charlotte.
>> Should we talk about the suicide?
>> Thank you for that. Should we talk about the net zero issue? Because the Times is reporting today that some in the cabinet seem to have been emboldened by what Tony Blair has been saying, his intervention about this rethink for Labour on their commitment not to drill for more oil in the North Sea. I mean, are we worried here about the signals that that is sending that potentially there are those in the cabinet now who are feeling emboldened by the situation with Kier Starma and his position that they're now feeling? I think people have been feeling emboldened for quite some time to be fair.
>> Is this another nail? Is this another nail in the coffin? Where is this leading?
>> I think in terms of nails and I think this is this is not this is not the biggest nailed down.
>> Yeah. I but what this does highlight is a a very interesting discussion about net zero and oil and gas drilling and I think there are a real range of views across the labor movement. There are those for example Ed Milliband and others who are very very much like we shouldn't have any new oil and gas drilling. There are others, big figures in the Labour party like Sharon Graeme who is the head of the trade unionite.
Gary Smith, he's the trade of head of the trade union GMBB. They have a very different view. They're very important figures in the you know trade union is a very important part. They're like no we should be having more oil and gas drilling. It's really important for the economy. It's really important for those >> who advised Ed Milliband you were once one of his what would you advise him this morning on the >> uh well I have he has a very different view to me on this. Personally I think we have to do both. I think we have to absolutely go great guns with investment in renewables and renewables will be the future. Personally, I do think that we should for a start open up those two oil gases that and those oil fields drill.
Do you agree?
>> I I completely agree and I also think the public really agree. I think the general public are very in favor of this and I think people find it very odd that we're now importing Russian oil via India or whatever >> to see the price cap about again. It's a difficult time for people it is but just to say it's really important on this immediately opening up those oil and gas fields will not immediately pump those into British houses and get bills down.
It w will it could potentially help the economy because you could get tax revenue and gas could come in.
>> But it would it would at least be morally more honest than than saying as we say at the moment um we are saving the planet and we're we're we're spearheading that around the world and therefore we're not going to drill for gas or oil but we'll we'll get someone else to do it for us >> or we or you know or we'll buy solar panels from China who make it using coal fire power stations and slave labor. I mean what's that about? I mean none of that makes any sense. You It does feel it's become a sort of an ide ide ideological sort of sticking point whether you're for it or against it.
Personally I I if I was in charge I would still carry on with all the renewables. I would allow some exploration but I think we have to be realistic. I don't think that we're going to be tapping in to reserves anywhere near what people think there are. The big mistake we made actually was back when we sold off all those oil and gas licenses. What we should have done is done what Norway did. There's a reason why Norway is so rich and we could be as rich as them. What thatcher should have done is created a sovereign wealth fund instead of selling off every bit.
>> If we did start drilling again in the North Sea, would we see the return of just stop oil?
>> I'm serious.
You missed them. Have you have you there would be a lot of >> Well, I've missed the stories. I mean, >> there would be a lot of consequences to be fair. There would be lot a lot of we are also just sitting here in a very hot studio with with with a you know climate crisis and lots of old people are really struggling and I'm struggling myself in the heat you know so I think you know there is a climate crisis and to to deny that is is in my view completely sort of wrong but I just think you have to try and find sort of nuance ways through this two things can be true at the same time there is a climate crisis we absolutely have to go great guns when I was I mean also I'm Scottish so I feel like those jobs are very important. But when I was last up in Scotland, I remember having a chat with a a young guy who was saying, um, I was saving cuz I did want to go and work on the oil rigs because they're good jobs. They're really well paid jobs. Now I'm saving up money because I want to go and work on the wind farms and they're the new oil rigs in terms of really well- paid jobs.
They will be the oil rig dogs of the of the future, >> but I just I just think there needs to be a transition period and and and then and I think the government just needs to be more sensible.
>> We all seem to be in agreement.
>> Shall we go over to Cambridge because I have something to show you now. It is England's first official cycle street.
It gives cyclists and pedestrians priority over motorists and it's been built in Cambridge at the cost of 2 million pounds. I mean it looks >> how rather.
>> So, so it's not a cycle lane, it's a cycle. It's a whole street.
>> It's purely for bikes. You can't I mean it used to be for cars and for motorbikes and stuff but it's just for bikes now. Right.
>> So there are those people who are welcoming it saying it'll be obviously you know encouraging cyclists. It gives them priority. It will mean a safer environment for them. But other people are criticizing the use of money for this because I think, you know, up and down the rest of the country, we're all struggling with potholes uh every few meters, aren't we? Is the way forward?
>> Well, I I'm a I cycle, so I'm I I think I don't think it's actually my colleague Peter Hitchens on the on the on the Mail on Sunday will be delighted. Um I you know, I I don't know really because I don't I don't live in Cambridge, so I don't know if it's if it's taking the place of a road for cars.
>> No. So cars are still allowed, but they have to drive slowly and priority goes to cyclists and to >> What does that mean? Does that mean you have to sort of park up and and let all the bikes disappear over the I mean, exactly.
>> Well, you already have to drive at 20. I mean, I drive if you drive in London. I also drive sometimes.
>> You drive you have to drive at 20 mph.
So, you have all these electric bikes whizzing past you at sort of 60. You think, what is going on here?
>> Why don't I still can't understand why cyclists who are clearly speeding aren't dumb. I was I was driving on the road.
Sorry. The other day I should just tell you the other day I was in High Street Kensington and there was a speeding cyclist and there was a policeman on a cyclist and he he he shouted very loudly stop cyclist stop cyclist and and this this person's and he was arrested for he so I have actually seen that happen. I mean it probably doesn't happen enough but I mean there is >> well the thing the worst though are the e scooters.
I mean, I think I will end my days. The last thing I see will be an e scooter coming to that will be it basically.
>> The ones that really make me furious are those people on those um electric skateboards.
>> Yeah.
>> No, you're not cool. No, >> you really are not cool and you look ridiculous. And also, you're traveling at 30 on a on literally a piece of wood.
>> It's also riding on pavements. I was in my high street last Friday and I saw an elderly woman knocked over by a youth on a bike who come up behind me on the pavement. He's riding on the pavement, nearly hit me and I was about to shout to him, "Get on that blank blank blank road." When he did go on the road, he went over the curb, bang down, and right where there was a pedestrian crossing, a lady, probably late '7s was right there in front of him, and he and it was an accident that you couldn't stop. Went straight into her, knocked her flap.
Could have killed her. I mean, could have killed her. Um and certainly could have broken sent to jail last. We had that recently, didn't we?
>> Absolutely. As it happened, I mean, she must have fallen luckily because I I really thought she would have broken ri.
We got her up and she was okay and and he he rode off.
>> It was that tricky interaction because the reality is more people are cycling and and Cambridge is such a cycling place, right? You know that it's famous for for cycling. So, it makes sense and you're going to see more cycling and there's more cycling in London and big cities now. It's about getting that right. And it's good that more people are are cycling. I mean, not me obviously, but like I've not been >> I just want them to obey the law. That's all.
>> I'm not very good at cycling. I've just come not very good at cycling.
>> No, I'm not very like a pedal.
>> I've just got like no spatial awareness.
I was once cycling on quite an empty road and just cycled into somebody. Like I'm just not very good. I'm not a good driver either. I've tearing myself off the road. Health and safety reason. here to
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