Rural and urban areas in India differ fundamentally in their economic structures, social organization, and development patterns. Rural areas are characterized by agriculture-based economies, traditional community life, lower population density, and limited infrastructure, while urban areas feature industrial and commercial activities, higher population density, modern facilities, and greater social diversity. The Indian Constitution, through the 73rd and 74th Amendments (1992), established Panchayati Raj Institutions for rural governance and urban local bodies for city administration, providing constitutional status to local self-governance. Development in India has evolved from a narrow economic focus to a multidimensional approach encompassing human welfare, social justice, environmental sustainability, and inclusive growth. Key challenges include balancing rural and urban development, addressing poverty and inequality, managing environmental degradation, and ensuring that globalization and liberalization benefits reach all sections of society.
🔥 DSE: Rural–Urban Local Development in India | Most Important Questions with Answers |#sem8 #du追加:
Welcome back to our YouTube channel Guys. So Guys, all the students are from Delhi University students, BA program, All the students of BA Honors semester I am from 8th class and whatever I have done in Political Science The student has this subject, Ruler Urban Local Development in India. So that There is going to be a video for the students. So Today in this video we are going to discuss important questions.
With Answers, we're going to do ruler.
Urban Local Development in India. So If you haven't seen the syllabus yet or you If you haven't read anything yet, don't worry.
If you only watch this video, you will be very You will score well in the exam. Why?
Because the important thing in this video The question is the only important question.
No, rather it is through questions.
You have got the entire syllabus covered. Meaning Complete syllabus through questions An attempt has been made to explain this. Correct Is? So let's not delay and watch the video Let's start. So start the video Before doing this, if you are new to my channel Yes, if you are here for the first time then please change the channel Subscribe. Turn on the bell icon Due to which all notifications, all video time May it reach you on time. Description You will find my Telegram link in here.
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yes. Ok? As well as you give me my You can follow on Instagram. My Instagram ID is Roma Jaiswal148. So Let's get started. So one side You will get English medium PDF and one side You want to see the Hindi medium PDF Will get it. Ok?
So we will cover all the topics. Any Your topic is any topic in the entire syllabus.
It's not something I would leave. all the things I will get it completed. Ok? So let's go Let us look at question number one. So Our question number one is that Explain the concept of ruler and urban in India and analyze the definition of Cancer and ruler urban differences. have to tell You know that in India there is a difference between rural and urban Explain the concept clearly.
Do you want to tell me what a villager is? urban What are concept cities and villages? as well as Also, it has to be said that while defining census What is census and what is it in both?
What is the difference between rural and urban?
What is the difference? Village life and city life What is the difference? This also needs to be told. Ok? So Start any answer with the introduction.
We will do it and end it with a conclusion. So Let's start with the introduction. So India What is it? Country of the village since ancient times It was said. Because still in India At the most it is the village and agriculture.
India's economy has been strong. So Because of Indian civilization and culture We say that development depends on the village society only.
It is from the base. Talk about the Vedic period.
If then from the Vedic period till today we Let us see how agriculture, animal husbandry and community life is the most important aspect of Indian society.
There are features. So did Mahatma Gandhi There is a line that says that the soul of India is She lives in his village. Because India Whatever is there is mostly made from the village itself. So At the time of independence, when India independence was achieved after When the first census was conducted in the country in 1991 I did it after the country got independence in 1991.
According to the census, about 82% of India's people living in rural areas Yes, it was 82%. Meaning, where are the most people?
Were you living? in the village. industrialization at that time had arrived in India. urbanization, transportation, Education, technological development, all these had also come.
When the 2011 census was conducted, we saw this found that about 31% What are people up to now? Living in the city. Meaning What is there in the city now? Number of people It started increasing. So when modernization came, urbanization Transportation became available to the people, education And as technology became available, people became more and more More people started settling in the city. So the rural and The city is both a geographical unit It is different. Isn't it? The society of both both cultural and political structures It is different. Agriculture in the Grant area It is a based economy. traditional the lifestyle people follow and the community I live in. Isn't it? We see it, don't we?
In the entire village, people called each other mother, Uncle and aunt say it like that. then you can say We have an agriculture based economy.
Is. Traditional lifestyle and community People also follow it in the village. That's where we Wherever you look in the city, there is industry, business, trade, modern facilities, high You can say schools, the population would have been more It is of the city because more people live here We do. Isn't it? So such diversity gives us It is visible in villages and cities.
So I understood the difference between introduction and In the village and the city. So first of all we go to the village You know, right? Rural means first We will know the ruler. Concept of ruler That is, concept. Meaning of rural area What happens? Meaning of ruler areas.
Rural area means the area where the majority of the population depends on Are you dependent? on agriculture Be dependent. That is, we call that economy It is called village. Natural resources in the village The more important it is, the more important it is in life.
What is there is simple and living in community.
It's a normal life. People of the village community What do you do? do agricultural work or Animal husbandry or local helpship They might be running cottage industries like There will be blacksmiths, farmers, Kumars, such people.
Or these people follow community life.
So, their traditional one is that The village people do not leave it. So, India's Most of the villages have agriculture based economy.
Let's go. Therefore, village life is natural.
Is connected to. There in every village which speaks of the characteristics of society What is the silent feature of rural society? So Agriculture based economy in the village Who gets it. We will get to see it. Village People do farming and animal husbandry.
Isn't it? Dairy work or fish farming Will do the work of. So that's how we do things Are. The population of the village is also It decreases. You must have seen large tracts of land There is one house in the village and one house here It happens far away. So in the village area The population is less than that of a city. Home They are far away. Isn't it? open open It is like an atmosphere. Look here in Delhi Everyone has houses that are close together. Isn't it? One Someone should jump from one roof to another. So a What is the third characteristic? of the rural That there is community life. people in the village Which is very important to the society We give. people interact with each other in person Know from. You know the people of a village There is a village in every village, right? You will be living in Delhi now.
You might not know who your neighbor is. Butt you You will live in the village, will you not let people from far away We know that hey, this is our uncle, It's a boy. Hey, he has a son. So it would have been like this It is in the village. So traditional life style Let's follow. He follows the traditional lifestyle The people of the village who have been following their tradition, customs and religious beliefs It has been going on, those people are connected to it.
Right from the root. So limited infrastructure it occurs. That is, the people living in the village Are What's in them? of education, health of, transportation, the resources for all these It is very less. On natural What are they? are dependent. Rain Like the people of village life who are Varsha on land, water and natural resources, on all these If it rains then their farming is good i.e. complete.
What kind is it? depend on natural These are the people. Ok? Now we have taken the life of the village Took. Now we know the concept of urban That means now we will know the concept of city. Correct Is? So let us know the concept of city. So By city and area we mean where The population is increasing. You Look at Delhi, look at Mumbai. in the city You will see more population than the village Will get it. Ok? So what happens? More There are more people in the village than They do agriculture and whatever is there in the city is agriculture.
I don't. what were they connected to Are? They are connected to the industry, are engaged in business or any service Must be doing it in the bank. Isn't it? or any Must be doing it in the shop. What else?
Transportation is more visible here.
You will find the administration here.
All the leaders are like Delhi.
You have the administration, the Supreme Court, the High Court All are visible in the city. more than More education, schools, all in the city.
What is? Industrialization has developed.
So the center is the city, from one side everything Is the hub of. So the characteristic of city society What happens? There is no farming in the city.
Cities have a non-agricultural economy In. The city has industry, trade, banking system, education, transport, information, Technology Technology is very important for all these We see more dominance.
There is more and more population. in the city The city is small, but there are many people.
Wherever you look, the houses are very closely packed.
Must be in the city. Isn't it? flats like So many people will live in one. One One will come up, one will come down, there are many like this Most of the population is found in the city.
modern lifestyle in the city It is modern rather than traditional.
In which we have modern education, technology, transportation And we consumers mean we say Can we use too much of the consumer The effect is on this. Fourth social Diversity in the village as people connect with society Would have happened. not here, not here Diversity is found. Here you will find every People of all religions, languages, and castes People, people from every culture to see Will meet. as well as personal relationships Compare the rural areas with the urban areas.
In some areas it remains formal. Hi It lasts till hello. So many people don't know it occurs. among the people of the city Better infrastructure facilities. Here you All facilities are available in the city. To you You will get good education, good health, Transportation, electricity, and internet access will be available.
You will get it, you will get employment. So in the city you Whatever your basic needs are, Here you will find all the infrastructure that Yes, they are available. So, the census in India know the concept of and how census is conducted This decides the ruler and the urban The census is not of any country.
The population figures are How many people are living in that country? In this Kitni ling pe means how many penises how many Is she a woman? How many men are there? census in that Let us see which people are getting education.
is getting it. Which people do business Have been. Accommodation that is rented How are you? Which language do you speak?
What is religion? So all these things in the census What is done about it? It is found out.
So the first systematic census in India which is It happened in 1881 during the British rule.
Thereafter, every 10 years in the 11th year I mean you can say that census is conducted.
A few days ago, a census was conducted at our house as well.
Was. Ok? So the census people had come. So that They ask what all the things are. near you How much is the house? How much is the car? near you How many family members are there? So all this Things happen. It just happened that one of our week ago. Ok? So in India, rural And talk about the census of urban areas So according to the census of India, in any area Some criteria for declaring an area as urban There are. What will we call a city? We are everything cannot be called a city. some criteria that If he follows then he calls that area as the city Will say. such as the one with the lowest population The population of that area is at least 5000 Should be. If the population is less than 5000 So we do not call it a city. Ok?
Sorry, yes the number must be more than 5000.
If we want, we will call it a city. second thing population density per square kilometer less than There should be at least 400 people. Ok? So this That is what we will call a city. Third non-agricultural Employment where there are non-agricultural jobs.
Meaning, do not depend on agriculture. 75% people are non- There should be agriculture. Must live in town.
Some other work should be done. So we will say that The area is a city. So if we talk about the legal city Such areas are statutory towns.
These are also cities. in a city like this There are areas where municipalities, towns There are corporations and cantonment boards. We have seen Neither where our leaders etc. live There are areas like that. Like in Delhi How clean are their areas?
Are. So that is what those cities are called. So We defined rural areas as urban areas.
I got it. Now in the village, whatever area is suitable What if they do not meet the criteria?
Are there? Join the village. Who I told you the criteria of the city, three of that To all those who do not follow the standards Keep it in the village. So urban and ruler I told you about both of them. Both I have also given a table here about this.
Is. You can read that also. Ok? You By purchasing the PDF. So now we know that How rural and urban areas relate to each other There is a relationship. So the role of village area I know. The village is the food grain generates. provides raw materials And the laborers are found in the village.
What do the people and the city do? That Takes raw materials. with your technology What does it do with its industrialization? makes He has it. There is education in the village and the city, There is healthcare and employment.
Are. So both are dependent on each other.
Are. From there the raw material was taken from the village.
Is. The labour is taken from there and then what is done? Made it in the city and the villages become dependent on the cities.
The people of the village and the people of the city would depend on Are. In the village, both complement each other.
There are. So, talk about rural and urban migration Rural and urban migration in India Large population of people are dependent on employment, education and left the village in search of a better life.
They go to settle in the city of. of migration What are the reasons? Why do people migrate?
We do? So people in the village become unemployed.
There was an agricultural crisis, flood, earthquake or something.
Such problems arose due to better education for them.
Children are not able to get it or there is no facility To get health treatment Or with the advent of industrialization, like they got factories etc., then those people What do you do, do you migrate to that area?
So what is the positive impact from that village?
It means that people get jobs Economic development is about people The negative impact is that slums Settlements develop when villages Workers come to the city and they bring the city to Can't afford it and the city and mountains are so It doesn't even grow big. So the worker you saw There will be a rickshaw puller who sells vegetables.
those who do wage work They live in slums.
You might have seen it in Delhi areas.
This is where urban crowds form, slums.
It is made. What is there in the village then? from the village These people come to the village area, which means There is a shortage of labour in rural areas She goes to the village. Then what is urbanization?
It happens? What is urbanization? So Urbanization is a process. Ok?
Urbanization is not a city. there was a process in which the villagers move to the city They come when the same place is urbanized.
Is. Industrialization is caused by urbanization As the urbanization comes If factories shut down then work in the factory People come to do it. for transportation These uses of technology for education are essential for development.
Because of all this, when there is urbanization, the city settle down and people from the villages come to the city So we call that urbanization. of urbanization What are the effects? economic development would have Is. Extension of modern facilities to the people It happens. The negative effect is that Pollution, traffic problems, social inequality All this comes. So let's talk about problems If we talk about urban division then village And what division does the city have? So The main problem is economic Inequality is visible. Ok? cities There are a lot of employment opportunities in Are. Whereas in the village there would be very few Are. Agriculture is the only employment there.
Of. in both education and health There is a difference. An institution would be better than a village.
Is. You will find it difficult to find a job in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, etc. will get. There is basic facility. in the village You will not get as much facilities as you would in the city.
Roads, electricity, internet everything is available here.
There is also a digital divide. in the village Digital security is also reduced and you You will see that more and more cities You will get to see digital things in it.
So what is the government's initiative? The government A rural development plan has been formulated which There is MNREGA scheme. Villages under MNREGA scheme What is given to the people of employment Are being given. Ok? So their financial is given for development.
Prime Minister's Village Road Scheme, which What is the Prime Minister doing? in the village The road is being built by the Prime Minister.
So development is being done there. digital Village scheme in which internet is available in every village is being spread. So, urban development plan is also run by the government in which Smart city is being built. like now You have Delhi Gupta and you have Rekha Gupta.
You must have noticed that there are a lot of metros Etc., he has released new lines.
They. Delhi to become a smart city has been fixed. Even from our areas One or two more metros are going underground.
of. So they are adding more lines and You must have noticed that there are many such areas.
There were such bus stands in Delhi which you can see now If you look at it, you will immediately feel that It is absolutely a luxury, there will be no bus at the bus stand.
That is a bus stand, so you will find it very good.
Things are now visible under the Amrit Yojana.
Providing houses under the Prime Minister's Housing Scheme who live in slums Neither people from Delhi like Bihar, UP The laborers come and live here.
And they live in slums, right?
Because they have come from urbanization, then their Their slum is demolished and Instead of that slum, they built him a flat.
He goes and lets them stay in that flat.
goes. You have many such DDA flats You must have heard that DDA flats were the same flats.
Those who demolish the slums and give them to the people flats are given at cheap rates We call it DDA flat. Ok? So We need balanced development. Village And both in the city. rural and urban balanced development of the regions It is essential to his nature. if only If cities develop, villages will lag behind.
If we stay and the village only develops Cities will remain backward. So we need the government to make a plan under which Is? The government should be able to develop both. So In India, the India which is in India, the rural And the concept of urban is only geographical.
divisions are not socio-economic and looks at all cultural dimensions.
You will learn about city culture and village culture.
You will see it differently. to see society differently If you get it, it affects everything. So People live on agricultural traditions in the village.
If there is modernity and technology in the city, then there is live. See Population of India, Census If you look at the differences between villages and cities The criteria for what should be called a village? Who is the city Where should I go? And both of them each other It is complementary to somewhere. on each other It depends. What is India doing today at a rapid pace?
Used to be? If urbanization is developing, In such a situation, we need that if we village developing or developing the city If you are staying then do not leave out any one thing.
where both are included education, health, employment, infrastructure Both the structures should be available and India should continue to May development continue. I hope you understand this question You must have understood it well. So let's go now On to our next question. Ok? Our The next question is question number two. So We see question number second. Our Question number two is to discuss the Continuities and Discontinuities While Studying the historical legacy of rulers and Urban Society in India. That is, in India Historical heritage of rural and urban society What is? How in India which is in history Whether it is ancient or medieval Whatever happened, the city in the British period And what were the societies like? means the village society and What was the society like in the city? This has to be told. His Have to study. The things that follow in it We were there earlier in ancient times, in medieval times, What are the things that are still prevalent in modern times?
Today we are following the continuation of And in what other things did we bring changes?
This means that you have changed this You have to tell it in the question. Ok? So We start with the introduction. So You all know that India is an ancient civilization.
Meaning a country with a civilization since ancient times because India has an Indus Valley civilization that has an urban economy Was. So the structure of Indian society is Whatever it is, it is based on its history and its cultural its economy and its politics Changes come in it only because of the process are. In ancient times, we see that People engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry and community life In ancient times, people used to live in villages.
Whereas in ancient times people in cities What were you doing? Trade, cities and The center of culture was Mohte. so like We saw the Indus Valley Civilization. Indus Valley Cities like Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the civilization which were an example of urbanization. of time Along with this, many changes took place in Indian society.
Tradition came, structure came, customs came.
It has brought about continuity and change in society.
Both continued to be made. Industrialization came, renovation Globalization came. through this and more More to the village and city society It impressed me. and the caste of people There was order, there was family ties, cultural values, in all these changes He also brought changes. So the society of the village and the city It is very important for us to study both.
That's why it becomes more important. Let go We now know that rural and urban societies What is the meaning and concept of? Ruler and Joe What is urban society? So the rural If we talk about society, then rural society is that society where the majority of the population is in villages and who depend on agriculture We call that area a village.
The village society is close to nature.
It happens. More and more people here People depend on natural resources and Live in the community. like ah bah like that it rained, agriculture was done, animal husbandry was done Went. It will depend on all these. Meaning Rural society's focus on natural resources What is the speciality? What are the features? ruler Of the society? So, agriculture based economy it occurs. Ok? community life these people We live. Meaning the community which is their community These people follow only that thing which will follow them.
Are. to see the structure of a caste-based society Who gets it. You will find casteism in the village.
It is seen more. Nazism and Following traditional values and beliefs Are. The villagers follow traditional values I still believe. as well as They depend more on nature. Cow I raise buffaloes. dependent on rain Are. depend on natural water and They grow grains and eat them and are happy with that.
There is less population there. Isn't it? Very More population is low and social Control is through informal arrangements.
It works. Meaning the society which is the village society not government but informal arrangements such as The caste system came into existence and the Panchayat Raj What is gone by all of them? controlled He goes to the village. Now let's talk about the city.
If the society of the city is urban society then that society would be where industry, business, administration and Where activities continue. where It is political, cultural, economic, all Things are visible there was a village Is. Ok? Sorry, it is a city. So urban If we talk about the main characteristic of society If we do so, then in the urban society we industrial and commercial economy It can be seen. More population here People live in the city and live modern life The style is here. Ok? So society There is also a lot of diversity in the city In. The city that is in the city for us to see I find that a lot of people who are People with diversity live. different castes, Different religions, different towns people They are seen together in cities. with as well as personal Relationships are given more importance than that.
Like in the village, more emphasis is given on society and community.
Priority is given. Just like the city Whatever is there in me depends on people's personal lives.
More focus is given. personality On development. Cities with high mobility In. I mean, a lot of people are here to see us.
gives us mobility and at the same time What can be seen? We have technical The development and modern facilities that are there are visible It is available. You will find a road in the city, Infrastructure will be available, hospitals You will find good schools.
Ok? So we get all these things in the city.
It can be seen. Ok? So if we go to the city of rural and urban society in India If we talk about historical development, then ancient There was rural and urban society in India. As That Indus Civilization Indus Civilization First City is considered an example of. around 2500 BC What is there in India in the east? found the city They went. Harappan Civilization, Mohenjodaro, Lothal, Dholavira what were all these? All these were one city.
Ok? So what used to happen here? City The planning was good. There were paved roads. Water There was an exhaust system. Ok? So mutual Activities, warehouses, ports, all these things Whatever is there has been found. So we can say that our historical heritage from the beginning It can be seen. Indus Valley city Considered the beginning of our city from civilization goes. And we can trace the beginning of the village to the Vedic period.
Believe from. Ok?
So we learned about the historical heritage of the city.
Took. Now if we look at the historical history of the village If you know about heritage, then the beginning of the village It has been observed in India since the Vedic period.
Is. Indian society during the Vedic period was mainly Is that what we get to see? Village Which is to look at the rural economy in which agriculture is mostly Much of the economy is sustainable Was. Ok? So, if we talk about the features People lived on agriculture and animal husbandry.
Their economy is a joint family.
The system was visible here. Correct Is? In which the people in the village are joint Used to live in the family. and the Gram Sabha If we talk about the Gram Sabha, the administration here What did she walk on? Panchayati Raj etc. I used to walk on it. Ok?
And the system in the village What is it called in the village system?
Is? She is called a villager. The village that is Functions as a self-sufficient unit Were. If we talk about the later Vedic period, then Some changes we see in the village meet. Like in the village we have a lot of It was seen that changes were coming. As that when the Mahajanapada period came, the Mauryan period came, We started seeing changes in this.
Because like Pataliputra, Taxila Cities like Ujjain and Varanasi have become In this we found that commercial The road developed and the city administration came, Tax system came, handicrafts came. So this What did you do? economic relations between cities couple. Ok?
So new cities started being settled and people The changes in the economy are It started happening. Ok? So all these changes are He was seen. Then what we're talking about now We were the ones who were Till now we were talking about our ancient It was his time. But when medieval India came What was the difference between village and city in that too?
It is important to understand that also. So if the rural If we talk about society in the medieval period, then the medieval period The head of the village society The speciality was that the agriculture which is There was a system based on wages and during the medieval period When the unity system came into existence and the zamindari system When the system came, we had a lot of problems under it.
It was seen that the caste system was also strong This is happening and the landlords in the village What were they doing too much? exploitation tax Were living. Whose? Of those who were farmers. So this We got to see all the changes. Ok?
What else did we get to see? Urban society.
In urban society, we found that the There is the medieval period, in that we have the Mughal period and in that What we got to see was the Delhi Sultanate.
In which Agra, Delhi such as Ahmedabad, To see cities like Jaunpur We were getting it. Ok? So what are these cities?
Did you do it? Such a city is a joyous craft Industry, trade, market, culture, all these was a center of. There are many palaces here.
Like in Delhi we have Red Fort, The mosque is visible. around him We get to see the Meena Bazaar. So this We got to see everything. Correct Is? So if we talk about the urban economy Explain that the urban economy during the Mughal period We were getting to see a lot.
There were textiles, industries and metals.
things very much like our crafts You must have seen many arts during the Mughal period.
many more than they were made handicrafts and our structures architecture so in medieval our The cultural heritage was enormous and You can say in cities as well as Harshal tradition and you can say cultural Diversity of architecture has given the city started the tradition of administration because Wherever all this was made, there What is it? Cities were built. Then After this comes the colonial period. We Learn about the medieval period Took. We learned about the ancient one.
Now we know about the colonial period.
The village and the city during the colonial period What were the differences in that? So in the colonial period The impact on the village and rural society It turned out that the land system was Development took place. The British imposed land tax.
As the zamindar system came into being, the Ryotwari I have come, I have come to Malwadi. All these arrangements have What did you do? exploited the farmers and at the same time The loan on them is also very high.
Increased it. So what happened to anyone?
It became commercialized. So the people of the village are What happened because of this? became poorer and more More. Ok? So rural industries will There was a collapse. then because when the British who what did they do? Get the raw material from here Used to go from India and then what? British Whatever it is, it used to be made there in Europe and They used to send it to India at cheap rates.
Due to which the products of India were What used to happen? They were expensive because They used to make them by hand and people used to make spinning wheels.
etc., it would cost more labour to make it If it was there, they used to sell it at a higher price and at the same time The British also did one more thing: More taxes on Indian products It was imposed so that these people could not buy Indian product and if you buy our product then it What happened to the cottage industry in India?
Those people who were from Indian Craft They became unemployed and poor and Did they have to flee or what should they do?
They had to do their traditional job.
leaving him and working in a factory etc. If it is found, what is its meaning and its impact?
What has happened to urban society, society, the city?
But new modern cities started coming up. When Cottage industries will collapse, people will leave At most, the city has a modern city.
There will be development, right? then major cities were established Like Kolkata, like Bombay, Madras.
The main features were that railways, ports, Modern education, industrial center, Administrative institutions can be seen here Found it. So here we get to see Industrialization and urbanization. development of industries The population of cities started increasing. From this What is? The workers who live in that slum Too much construction of the city, now look small There is an area, now more people will come here Then you will not be able to settle in the entire area.
Then what are those people in the slums?
When they started settling down, it was built again.
The colonial legacy was that the colonial What has our heritage given us?
gave us a modern administrative system which There was Parliament which has just undergone changes.
Railways provided us with modern transport and education.
Modern education is given to industrial cities Like Mumbai, Kolkata, cities like and bureaucracy Which we are going to share today with IAS IPS Bureau Credits Let us see from etc. whose contribution is all this?
This is somewhere the system of the British which It is the same thing that has been going on. Ok? So, After independence, if we talk about rural and urban development, after independence Towards balanced development in India Efforts were made. For the village and for the city For. The government has many schemes for both.
Was made. And what is done by the government?
Went? Under that plan, the city's There was talk of developing the village. Chief Talking about the program, the village's most Firstly, there are many schemes for land reforms.
Laws were introduced which abolished the zamindari system.
were removed and those who acted as middlemen The landlord removed him and approached the government directly.
The work of collecting taxes was done Okay, the Green Revolution was brought about.
What did the Green Revolution do?
What has been done in the society that India is agriculture was going through a food crisis, reduce it and Along with this, there is the Panchayati Raj system.
It was implemented in the village due to which the local people Only they could rule their own kingdom. Correct Is? and Rural Employment Scheme MNREGA Scheme Also came. MNREGA scheme has helped the village people Worked to provide employment and their economic Whatever work has been done to increase growth.
This increased agricultural production. green The revolution led to the development of rural infrastructure.
and then what happened? what is in society development of education and health Happened. Ok?
So if we talk about urban development, then urban development The government also did a lot of work for this.
Major city missions like Banai and Prime Minister Housing Scheme, Metro Rail in The government has also taken care of the city a lot through everyone.
Developed more. Ok? So we can say modern transportation, digital services, urban The structure of all these has improved somewhere or the other.
And all this has shaped the legacy of both the city and the society.
Get it changed. So, the point of historical continuity What if we're okay? of historical continuity Talking about historical continuity, we We see that in India there are many social and Cultural elements remain today.
In which the continuity of agriculture is still prevalent in India.
More and more dependent on agriculture. India The vast majority of the population still practices agriculture.
and is dependent on agriculture. So the villagers The economy is its foundation, which is still What is? culture, its heritage, its Festivals and their traditions are still followed in India.
Does. So the caste system is still prevalent in India.
Whatever is there in me can be seen. Modern Despite education and modernity, today we still have caste issues.
Whatever is there, is visible. Marriage relations They also belong to the same caste. Social identity and cultural influences Who gets it. Ok? So although we should single Families are growing. Still united Family is still important in Indian society.
playing a role. Ok? and the village We can also see the continuity of the community.
Has been.
Talk about religious and cultural traditions So in the Indian society, the religious There is faith and that too is cultural somewhere.
It continues because of tradition. historical Talking about change, urbanization took place. India Cities started settling rapidly.
Industrialization came, employment came, education Transportation came and industrialization came. So from this What is? more and more economic structure There was a change in. The service developed. employment Got new opportunities. Gramin Panchayat all these was developed. technological changes that have In most cities that are People affected. Internet, mobile, banking system, modern agricultural technology, all these Things evolved. What is it with?
What is the situation of women also? changes Came. We got to see it. to see us Found that the status is changing women Of. Women's education, women's employment today It started increasing. Moving to cities has led to economic freedom, political participation, social Awareness also increased. Education expanded.
This shows us that modern education increased social awareness and mobilization in Went. The impact of globalization was that Globalization has connected Indian society with the world.
added up. This is the positive side.
Trade increased, technology increased, development increased, People got new opportunities. on employment The negative impact was that cultural A crisis has come. People started forgetting their culture.
Cultural inequality ensued. traditional The business was suppressed. Ok?
What happened to this? It also has some challenges.
Ok? So what is the challenge that the villagers who The challenge is that the agricultural crisis is unemployment, poverty, education, health Scarcity, migration all these things happen due to this. But The urban challenge involves pollution, slums, traffic problems, water scarcity or Population pressure. So both of them should be given to the Government of India.
Both should be developed continuously. India What should the government do so that whatever scheme It should be made in such a way that both It should be favorable so that the village is not harmed and The city continued to develop and the village Developments also continued. So overall we conclude What will I say? In conclusion, we will say that in our India, the rural and which is historical in our urban society The legacy is that it has extremely rich and has been multifaceted and dates back to ancient civilization Till date, globalization has affected many aspects of Indian society.
Socioeconomic and political changes It has been seen in this. agriculture based The village system has created the caste structure.
Modern infrastructure, community life, all these Get it done. Whereas industrialization, urbanization, technology Development All this brought about changes in the structure.
So both are needed in India that the Indus The city originates from the Valley Civilization.
The village begins from the Vedic period and Gradually, in all these things, we saw that How in medieval times How in modern times Change came. So if we need to If we want to develop India sustainably, we need to develop villages.
And attention has to be paid to both the city. Not so Focus on the village and leave the city. on the city Be careful not to miss the village. The government needs to Continue to develop both. I hope You understood the question well.
yes. Ok? Now let's move on to our next On the question. Our next question is Question number three. Question number three Let's see. Now our question number three that analyze the concept of development Its Origins and the Changing Damin Dimension of Development in India. That is to say that What is the concept of development? its origin What is? How does development happen? and India What were the changing dimensions of development in Are you? when India developed and when If there is development, you know urbanization happens.
It is both in rural and urban areas and in rural areas.
There is development of. So that development The concept has to be explained. At the same time, its The importance and dimensions have to be explained. Ok? So Let's start with the introduction. So human What always happens in society? One We get to see change. One At that time we lived the life of primitive humans. Is No? Then after that we come to the Indus Valley Civilization I came to the city. Then in our Vedic period we Then let's come to the agricultural economy. Look today, today We use technology. So on the day What is the day? There is growth within us Has gone. So development is not only economic.
Development is not limited to growth, but Whatever is there, it happens in society, in politics happens, happens in culture and education occurs in and is linked to human progress There is a development. So any nation Progress is measured by its growth.
that if the nature of a state is to be seen Is that correct or not, you should see that How much change has happened in it, how much development It has happened. So, a country as vast as India and The one with diversity The one with diversity If we say that the country is for us, then we India faced many problems after independence.
Was coming in front of. Like India has What was the main target of India?
Of? Poverty There were very poor people.
Because the Dreen of Wealth happened. of India There is less money here because there is a lot of money here.
The economy was agricultural and people were unemployed.
were uneducated, backward, so all India was grappling with the problem. So when India After independence, when Nehru announced the five-year What is planned and what is in it? They industrialization also increased and Along with many plans for the development of India Made. That is why we see that humans development that is sustainable development, gender, Equality, Environment, Conservation, Social Justice And inclusiveness should be there with all of this.
Because the purpose of development is to increase GDP It would not have happened but everyone would have to develop in which everyone gets health, education opportunities and at the same time such development So that the environment is not harmed. I Hope you understood the introduction to development.
yes. Ok? So we know about development Concept Meaning. So what is the meaning of development?
It happens? concept. So development would mean In simple terms, development means happens to an object, a society or a Nation, its growth and progress. one such development is a process by which Human life is whatever his life is There is a slight change in the level and a little There are good qualities and good ones. of development It means that there has been economic growth in a country.
Or there was a change in the society. First different Was it thinking or like not reading the first woman Was given. is allowed to read. Education is expanding. Health facilities It is happening. There is technological progress. Everyone has There is technology. Democratic institutions are operating Is. There is refinement. So what should we say? They The country is moving towards development. So this is It is called development. So what is the definition?
What is the definition of development? So development is every It happens from different perspectives. Meaning development Has a lot of features. There happens to be one economic outlook. That is, the economy If you look at a country from the perspective of National income is increasing, more and more More production is taking place in the country and More and more people are getting employment If so, we will say that the GDP of our country has increased.
and India's economic development is taking place Is. So this is the first thing that happened. of development There is another dimension. You can say speciality There is a social perspective i.e. social Attitude. You can say that society Development is taking place in the eyes of. accept it Equal now is equality in society. matter of justice It is happening. all on the basis of merit Opportunities are being given. reduce poverty Used to be. Education is being promoted.
Women should also be given rights in everything.
and social discrimination is being removed.
Is. So we will say that there should be development in the society also.
Used to be. Third human development approach. human What is the Human Development Perspective?
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) According to the main objective of development It is about people's life choices Has to be expanded. That means long and Healthy life with quality of life In which he gets education and respect Every person is getting it. So we will say That person is developing. I hope You must have understood. So what are the features?
What is the characteristic of development? Isn't it? So Development is a continuous process. development immediately It doesn't happen. I said it today and it happened tomorrow. Development It is called a process. development is a continuous There is a process. It never stops but It always keeps changing with time. changing It remains. Keeps bringing changes. Second Multidimensional concept. development is only economic There would not have been development, but economic development.
Is. Social development takes place. Cultural Development takes place. Political development takes place.
Human beings develop. So, development is multidimensional.
Is. Third Human Center. of modern development The objective is human welfare. Today, which The focus is on the development of human beings Human Development Personality Development Let's do. Isn't it? as much as possible variable We are seeing a change in the development that is taking place.
It is available. Time, place, situation, all these which are transformed into development and at the same time It also serves as a means of reducing inequality.
Development. What is done through development? More equality of opportunity is given to more people than So that everyone can be equal. So How did evolution originate? Origin of Development is a historical background If we know about development then the concept of development which It is a gift of the modern age, but its We see roots from ancient civilization As we saw in ancient times, development that was taking place, such as agriculture Production became trade, irrigation became system We saw that cities were built, before we were primitive humans.
We learned to light a fire, and then when we Vedic era came and we started farming permanently.
We started to happen, then after that we Started crossing the business. Then We also saw cities in the Indus Valley Civilization They became ours. Isn't it? from Mesopotamia He also used to do business etc. So we are looking at If we look at our history So gradually we always saw changes within ourselves.
I have brought it. Have developed myself. of human There has also been development. So, about the medieval period Do it. Even in medieval times, empires power, trade, agricultural production What is? There was a lot of expansion. Development Happened. In which many cities were settled. medieval period I also have Agra, Delhi, right? Like Ahmedabad Many cities started to be settled. In modern times Even when the British came, many cities which It has been developed. we see that 18th century with the advent of the Industrial Revolution With its arrival, new concepts began to emerge.
This was the impact of the Industrial Revolution. Machine More and more people started using it.
Due to this, production started increasing. Production As it started increasing, urbanization started accelerating.
People started coming and settling in the city. of capitalism Development took place. Then after that we look at The Industrial Revolution arrived. So somewhere What is this? Changes keep coming. Development It is happening. Then at a time of colonialism Development takes place. European countries Asian countries But show your power to African countries And they lay railways there. Port Communications bring everyone under its control and They drain wealth. There is also exploitation We do. Then we see that this is also a It is happening from the side. Third Second World After the war. After World War II We see that the newly independent countries They also felt the need for development.
He also saw poverty in his country, Eliminate unemployment, economic backwardness and Developed myself. So development from time to time We see that happening Because it is a continuous process. In India What is the concept of development? So freedom The situation in India at the time of 1947 was very It was extremely weak because the British were plundering it.
They went. There was poverty, greater dependence on agriculture The people of India and agriculture is a It depends on the weather. Suppose if the crop I sowed it too. Now that crop will be harvested in three or four months.
It will grow. Now, the guy who will be there for three to four months The farmer will remain unemployed. will eat From where? So what is it for, either that or I used to run a cottage industry which has now collapsed.
With the arrival of the British either that factory If he goes to work then it will bring industrial Revolution meant industrialization came Uneducated people started working in the industry People were not educated because education There were no facilities and other things were missing.
There was unemployment and there was no health care.
All these problems were there in India.
For this, there is a lot of need for development in India.
More strategy was needed when India When India became independent, the Prime Minister was He inspired the Soviet model in India.
adopted a five-year plan in which He industrialized India, Agricultural development was also done and employment was also provided to the people.
brought it and developed the people as well Nehru adopted a mixed economy with Neither capitalism nor socialism, what does it matter?
public sector and private sector The importance of both increased and together they India developed because it alone The government could not develop for those who There is also a merger of both private companies It was necessary because India is very big.
Diversity is everywhere, growing quickly If it was not possible then both of them would have done it together.
Only then and completely in the hands of private If we had given it, even then there would have been loss, then Harit The revolution also brought India to development.
The government's response to the food crisis in the 1960s Good yield seeds for this had come to India Irrigation technology, all this was provided by the Government of India.
Subsidies etc. were given to the farmers so that India, which We can become self-reliant and develop ourselves.
So what is the dimension in terms of development?
So let's see what happens over time.
Assume that the criteria for development are different.
That Modi ji has just said development for 2047 Set a target and then do this work.
Later, those changes will always be of development.
The dimension is economic and keeps changing.
From evolution to human evolution came human first Development was determined by GDP.
But now what is left is decided by humans.
Human development has become very important.
which includes education, health, nutrition, employment and life These levels are seen more often If all these things are in abundance in one country If it is there then there is development of that country, this will lead to development.
Today it is seen and measured by the standard So what is sustainable development? Industrial More than revolution and natural resources Environmental crisis is increasing due to its use.
More and more when the industry came and The more and more mining that is taking place, If trees are being cut down, what will happen?
Used to be? Pollution is spreading very much.
Isn't it? The environmental crisis is becoming more severe Is. So what do we do? We have to develop Have to do it. How to develop together? Continuous Development. In which we are environmentally friendly Without harming the environment. This way develop your resources or your What is? The coming generations will also Loss of necessity. no water shortage yes. They also get pollution free environment and May no crisis arise. So, sustainable development means that It is to protect the environment. resources balanced use of generations can also use it and renew it.
energy and biodiversity protection to do. What is inclusive development? Now Inclusive development is that What is the economic law in India?
There is inequality in India. Hence, inclusive development It is very important that the poor also Let it be uplifted. Work should be done for them also.
They should also be brought to the same level. in the village Development should be done. There are schools, colleges, Everything should be given to the hospital. Do justice in society Go. Equal distribution of resources to all Go and empower the backward classes as well.
Go. They should also be brought into administration etc. So such development is called inclusive development.
Ok? What is the fourth one? Rural Development.
That means the fourth is rural development. of India A large population lives in the village. Ok? So If you live in a village, the village will develop a lot.
It is more important. Fifth is urban development.
What is urban development? Rapidly increasing urbanization Due to the city developing a lot like Slums, unemployment, pollution, hunger, Smart cities are being built. So these are all the main There are plans that are being made. Ok? Then Urban development. What is urban development? rapidly You have seen all this in the growing city Things are coming. Then comes the woman Empowerment. So what is it now? Woman Education, Panchayat Raj for women even today There was talk of giving reservation etc. comes again is the environmental dimension. This means that we need to develop such This has to be done in a way that there is no water crisis or deforestation.
Digital development. Today we are looking at e- Our government is running. everything is based Card, PAN Card, Ration Card all online It is made. RTI Act is available online There is education, there is digital payment. So we are somewhere Neither are they developing anywhere digitally. Correct Is? What are the major models of development?
So the model of development is the first one Capitalist model. In this model, the private sector Importance is given to the market. in production is increased. technology is progressing Is. This could increase inequality because The company capitalist who has private It is in the hands of the companies. the second would have been What is the socialist model of development?
Is? The state has a greater role to play.
More hospitals, more roads Most of the things will be government owned. In this There will be less competition. Ok? would have been the third This is the mixed model that India has adopted.
India has adopted a mixed model. neither not fully shared nor fully is lower than. including private and government Both companies work together.
So we know what are the challenges that India No, first let us know about development in India.
What are the achievements in agriculture in India?
India has developed in production. India He has made himself self-reliant. Food India has also made industrial development.
Steel Information Technology in India You must have seen many IITs too.
IIT Kharagpur IIT Delhi IITs different ISRO is also there in India, as it is there.
Education has also expanded, improving literacy rates Now if you look at India, it is bigger than anywhere else.
There has been a lot of technological progress.
Everything has become more digital today.
Government is running poverty reduction government Some assistance like ration is provided under the scheme.
Providing ration under the card and also like gas It is going to happen that if MNREGA scheme is implemented then somewhere There is no important plan to eradicate poverty.
Etc. are run by the government. So India What is the challenge of development in the first of all that poverty is very high in India and Unemployment is very high because India's The population has increased a lot. This is a challenge.
Regional inequality is very high in India.
There are some backward people who think that regional Due to inequality, backwardness such as became people from the mountains and from remote villages There are too many people inside such areas.
live in areas where development has not reached Found. There could be an environmental crisis. Problem Pollution, climate change, all these are also one This is a very serious problem. There is also an urban problem.
Crowd, pollution, noise, dirt, right? with and as well as social inequality, caste, gender, class What does based inequality also do? development to It challenges. globalization of development How is the engagement? From globalization. Development Which is after the economic reforms in 1991 India is integrated into the global economy Was. When India adopted LPG Liberalisation, Globalisation and Privatisation, Foreign Investment had increased in India, trade had increased.
New employment opportunities had come up. but these Due to all this, inequality came to India. Rich and The rich became poor and the poor became poorer.
Cultural influences also came. We are Western Started adopting the culture. Economic Challenges like dependency started increasing.
Even today, we are mostly dependent on China etc. We have become more dependent due to globalization.
So if we talk about development and democracy, India Democracy and development go hand in hand Linked with that. in a democratic system There is public participation. protected the right and justice is delivered in society And all this can also be called a development.
There is a standard. So sustainable development is what we need to do Is required. In which we can develop.
Let us protect the environment along with development.
Increase equality in society. women too Uplift. empower and come Let us protect our generations too. So What will we write in the conclusion that development What is? Development is a comprehensive, multifaceted and There is a concept of continuity. Initial In this era, it was seen only from an economic point of view and It was seen as industrialization. at the time of What happened to you? We saw humans in it Welfare, social justice, environmental balance It started being seen in connection with all these. In India The process of development is freedom We get to see it after. five-year Economic liberalization in the plan Green Revolution, What did the digital revolution do? changes Brought to India. as well as in human life Development took place, empowerment was enhanced.
environmental protection and inclusive development, such as Dimensions also shown. Ok? So, what today?
Is? poverty, unemployment, inequality and The challenge of environmental crisis still exists in India.
is present. So in such a model we need What to do? Social Justice and the Environment We must maintain balance. I hope You understood the question well.
yes. Ok? So our next question is Question number four. Our question number Let's see four. So our question number Forth is that Aguille the Ruler and Arable Development of India in terms of Globalization, Liberalization, Inclusion Growth and Sustainable Development. to tell that Globalization, Decentralization, Inclusive Growth and Rural India in the context of sustainable development and we have to evaluate urban development how globalization has changed and liberalization has How inclusive development and sustainable development have all these What is? What is the difference between the village and the city?
did you have it? All these things have to be told. Ok?
So let's start with the introduction. So India is a vast and diverse country Is. where both the village and the city We get to see the economy.
After independence, we found that India was an agricultural country. Most The population lived in the village. There was poverty, There was unemployment, there were uneducated people, backward people Were. The main objective of this development was to It was the improvement of agriculture and industrialization that So that people can have some other work other than agriculture.
Those who are doing agriculture should also get employment.
There should be improvement in that also. So what happened in 1991?
Liberalization in India under the New Economic Policy and privatization and globalization i.e. LPG model Liberalisation, privatisation and Globalization was adopted. in which India linked the economy to the world market Went. As a result, the industry, Business, information, technology, all these are very It started developing rapidly. Development started taking place.
Inequality in society along with economic development She also started coming. economic development somewhere India was doing it. Social inequality is on the rise Was. There was a division between village and city.
An environmental problem was developing. as many as they And she was sitting there spreading pollution Was being. as well as cultural influences We were able to see the disturbance. This Because inclusive development is very important for us So that from the poor to the rich, the environment development of all by living in harmony with Could. So this is called the Environmental Protection Act.
Etc. were also made. So we call this Globalization is both liberalization and inclusive.
development in which sustainable development is achieved so that The coming generations will also be able to use our resources.
Was able to use it. You must have understood the introduction To you. So now we know what globalization is.
Is? The concept of globalization. globalization There is a process that involves Different countries have their economic, social, cultural and logical things that are connected to each other. globalization What does it do to the world? make a family Gives. One country invests in another country Yes, it communicates. Cultural exchanges. become a global village goes. The whole world is one. globalization which is Those goods, services, capital, technology, information all What makes things go faster? Flow She does. Multinational companies are different Invest in the country. Companies She makes me sit. FMCG company when our India When did I come into this world? This is because of the advent of globalization.
It came after 1991 due to the impact of globalization.
We got to see the economy as it is.
The spread increased even more. globalization influenced both India and the city.
Modern industry came to the city. new-new Factories came, companies came, information came, Technology came, foreign company services came, No? Many banks came to the system and rural seen in the global regions Connecting villages with the economy Got an opportunity where modern technology is available in the village also The growth of consumer culture began to reach This started happening and after that we know what is liberalization what is liberalization Liberalization means that government control reducing and which is a private company means It is a private company, give it some relaxation.
so that what he can do is to make himself a Good and can create its own competition in India Any private company established before 1991 When he had to do business, he There would have been too much quota to trade There was a licensing system that he had to go through.
It took him a lot of time to mediate.
If it was there, it used to happen due to corruption etc. This would lower morale from entrepreneurs etc., okay so The effect of liberalization was that villages and cities The development of both is linked to urban areas.
What is the expansion that has happened more while in the village It was a little less, but we saw that Now what are the private companies that are Villages are developing more and more and because of this, economic equality, Agrarian crisis and job insecurity It only increased. Then comes inclusive development.
What is inclusive development? inclusive Development means development for all.
to do. inclusive, including every section of society May the benefits be available. The objective is that All sections of society should be able to achieve economic growth. Society So that there can be justice and equal opportunities can be provided.
Based on their qualifications. long in India By the time the benefits of development would be in the city, it means Urban people have been eating. Areas of the village As I became a woman, I became a Dalit, These tribals could not avail this benefit.
So the objective of inclusive development is That those people who were on the verge of laughter should also be kept within limits.
should be brought in and they too should be given opportunities, development They should also be educated, Health should be provided, employment should be provided, women should be provided should be empowered and social security should be provided Go. They should be given rural development. So This is what we call inclusive development.
That is, to develop the backward classes.
After that comes sustainable development. Continuous Development. Sustainable development means that you Develop so that the coming generation He should also benefit. No loss. You develop What are you doing. Cutting trees in the name of development yes. You are exploiting the water. of resources You are exploiting. So the coming generation He will not get all this. next generation This will make it unsafe. So you have to develop is environmentally friendly living in which Climate change, pollution, disasters, deforestation, Biodiversity, we must keep this in mind and we have to take care of population, We are more dependent on natural resources Meaning we have to do it in such a way that the coming generations We can also benefit from it and the environment too.
Be well. So, rural development in India What is? Villages, many villages in India Is. economic, social and economic Whatever the basic structure is, it should be there. of India Most of the villages are developing in The nation develops. Such as After independence, many schemes were started in the village.
was started. For agricultural development, irrigation for roads, for health and education For employment, right? MNREGA scheme This was also done to provide employment in the village.
So that the people of the village can develop. So, Globalization and its Impact Know about rural development. globalization What impact did the development have on the village? So Due to globalization, the village The economy was to integrate into the world market It started. First of all, agriculture is just for people.
They practiced self-reliant agriculture. your food and drink They used to grow it for. selling small things Were. But what about when globalization came?
Farmers got a big market.
He commercialized his grain.
Started it. Farmers are now growing cash crops What did you do? Used to sell outside India.
Modern agricultural techniques came Technology came Improved seeds Chemical fertilizers like HIV seed Which are machines, many tractors etc. There was a need for excavation etc., which is why The cost of agriculture has increased and production has also increased.
Both things started increasing which is why The big farmers benefited and the feudal lords The farmer has benefited but we can say That the small farmers do not get any benefit.
Mobile facility has become available in the rural areas.
Phones started coming, internet started coming, globalization started coming.
The company came to India with the advent of globalization.
Now you have a company like Samsung or Realme.
There are so many companies so you can afford it.
It is available at a rate because these people If we compete, everyone has all these Facilities have come, ideas have come like this There are too many Sims to avoid monopoly.
There should be two or three types of companies in your country Then comes the impact of liberalization in the village.
What impact did liberalization have on the village?
In rural, after liberalization, rural Private investment in the sector is now increasing What is there in the village? Dairy started opening in the village.
Markets began to emerge, consumer demand increased.
and village market culture started in the village It started becoming visible. In addition, agriculture Competition started coming. in the international market What happens to whom due to price fluctuations?
Is? It started affecting the farmers.
The farmer's cost of production is less than the price They also face financial crisis due to pay.
Had to do it. as if in the world market its The price is low now, so they would not have made any profit.
There would have been a further decline and if there is more There would have been some benefit also. So, a market Their system was run accordingly. So now know that inclusive development has made the village How India's villages were developed. So poverty in rural areas and Unemployment was very high. The government Many schemes were launched for this. Like MNREGA Plan. It provided employment to rural people.
These are the poor families under this scheme.
He was given security that you could earn You can eat it. Prime Minister Village Road A plan was made. Roads were built in villages Went. This includes transport, trade and education.
The feature has been implemented. women's self-help The group was brought. Women are given financial, Socially empowered. gave them a job Went. Now small industries, dairy, handicrafts All this started happening in the village. By which The village started developing. then his After continuous [throat clearing sound] development How is it connected to the village area. Village The main objective of sustainable development in the region that the natural resources are balanced To develop the village. chemical farming Do it keeping in mind the side effects.
as well as planning for water conservation and Not polluting the land, community forest management.
So what is all this? development that is should be done so that the village gets natural resources and resources should not be exploited and future This generation can also benefit from it. So in India If we understand urban development now, we will become rulers.
were knowing. We know Urban To urban development. So urban development in India Development of economic, social and physical infrastructure Is. In this we see that many activities, Seen in connection with business, education, technology It goes to development. Globalization and urban Development. What has globalization brought to the city?
Is? Foreign investments started coming in. arrival and departure Great crocodiles began to form. Delhi, Bombay, Kolkata Information, IT sectors, BPO, banks Services, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune among all It started getting made in. Modern models arrived, transport Have you come? But this also creates a lot of problems Started coming to the city. such as slums, settlements, Problems like traffic started arising. Then What impact did liberalization have on the city?
In the post-liberalisation private sector Investments by foreign companies started increasing. As Smart city, there is a lot of private Companies invested money. Metro Metro also Which is both private and government. Rail Private companies also invested their money in Started applying it. So, somewhere that foreign company was investing and Private company in the development of India. Then Then comes inclusive growth and urban Area. City Prime Minister Housing Scheme, Urban planning aims to provide for the poor Providing housing to a family means a place to live.
Give. So there should be inclusive development. those poor people It should also be developed so that it is immortal.
Scheme, Smart City Mission What is under it Is? What's up with the city? Should be made better.
This employment in urban areas, youth All this opportunity should be given. Women's Safety In Everyone should be promoted so that there is inclusive development.
Everyone should develop. What is a sustainable development city?
In? Sustainable development in a city means that the city I kept looking at the pollution and environmental crisis.
Green buildings should be built. Transportation should be electronic.
Use renewable energy so that water can also be used Conserve, reduce pollution and be smart City missions should be designed to protect the environment.
be environmentally friendly so as not to harm the environment Reached. The next generation will benefit from this.
Could. Ok? So now we know that the village and comparative study of urban development If we look at rural development in India, Inequality is visible in the way cities education, health, transport, employment etc. Everything happens. All these things in the village There is less convenience. globalization and liberalization What happened after coming? foreign company in India Started investing. City centers began to form.
On the contrary, agricultural crisis and unemployment Problems started arising. So the head of development What are the challenges, you would have known that too Are. So the challenge of development is that the village Sometimes there was an agricultural crisis, sometimes unemployment, There is a water crisis, some disaster has occurred. So all these What is the reason for this? pollution, congestion, traffic, Slums, settlements, all these are in the development of the government What is? The barrier creates an obstacle. So What will we write in the conclusion? globalization Liberalisation has affected India's rural and urban Vikas has given a new direction to both. Economic Has increased. Technological advancements have also been made and as well as increasing foreign investment.
Has done the work of. So India has to go global Provided assistance in connecting with the economy Globalization and liberalization. urban areas Industries came, services came, what happened with that?
The village also began to develop and Changes began to come. Bank in the village Etc., school etc. started coming. But Equality and inequality along with the process It started happening. Like agriculture between the rich and poor The crisis began to arise. Unemployment, environmental problems All this also started coming along with development. So We need inclusive development, which Women, poor people, everything for the development of people and at the same time pursue sustainable development in which What is? We should develop in such a way that the environment There should be no loss, there should be no gift of resources.
The coming generations can also use it. So, I hope you have completely answered this question as well.
You must have understood it well. So, next is Our question. Question number five.
Question number five let's see if our Question number five is to analyze the role.
of Panchayati Raj Institution and Urban bodies by studding the silent feature of Part You can say part Ninth and Part Articles of the Indian Constitution Ok So, the Indian Constitution which is part nine and The main thing in part A of nine You will be told about the characteristics given I have to tell you. In that which is about Panchayati Raj and about the urban body I have to tell about what has been told in it.
Ok? So let's start with the introduction Are. So India is the world's largest It is a democratic country. where democracy Success is limited to the central government and state government only.
It does not happen but the public is directly involved in it.
Participation plays its part. For this very purpose Local Self Government in India Government was established so that the village So that people can govern themselves. local govern and solve local problems resolve, increase public participation and Can strengthen democracy at the grassroots level.
So after independence, Panchayati Raj institutions And the municipal body was established. But its Later there was lack of authority, resources and power. Correct Is? So in 1992, the 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendment was made. 73rd by Sansa Jo What was done? Ninth added part. In this What was done? from the Panchayati Raj Institution Connected This was the Act and the 74th Amendment was made Ninth A was added to it which was belonged to the urban body. These institutions gave constitutional status to local bodies and Panchayati Raj was separated from the urban bodies.
linked and linked to urban development and in Women were also given 33% reservation and empowered It was done and what was done in democracy?
was strengthened. This brings you hope I think you understood the introduction.
So now we know that local self-government concept.
Concept of local self-governance. So Local self-government means What do the local people do on their own?
Are? They make their own constitution. it It is the lowest unit of democracy.
There are also two types of local self-government.
One is rural local resources which It is done by the Panchayati Raj Institution. Second There is also a permanent governance of the city which is The body is a municipal body. Correct Is? So the main feature of local government is It means that the public takes direct part in it.
She takes it. There is decentralization in this.
This means that there is a division of power, not The government and the state government should not have the The public also has power. local problem is resolved and administrative This increases efficiency and democracy.
Culture develops. Because Democracy is people's participation In this. What is Panchayati Raj System?
Panchayati Raj system means that We have been connected with history since ancient times.
It has happened. This is the process of taking decisions in the village panchayat.
Let's work. Five people, the chief Mahatma Gandhi also promoted the concept of village Swaraj.
He himself had said that the village Swaraj of the village If there is any government, it should be the government of the Sangh only.
Panchayati Raj was strengthened after independence.
Several committees were formed to do this. Balwant Rai Mehta Committee Ashok Mehta Committee in 1957 K Rao Committee AL Singhi Committee These committees 73rd Amendment which is based on the recommendation of in the Constitution and Panchayati Raj Recognized in the Constitution. Ok? Part In the ninth, about the Panchayati Raj Institution Has been given. Part IX of the Constitution Articles 243 to 244 of the Constitution What has been completely told up to O? from A Till then he told about Panchayati Raj.
Has gone. Similarly, this 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992 It was added to the Constitution in 1917. Correct Is? So what was its purpose? Its The objective was that the Panchayat should also be given status in the Constitution.
should be added to the Constitution. democratic Decentralization means division of power Should be strengthened. be made by the Constitution and promote rural development and Justice should be created in the society. the same part What are the main features of the Nau?
I know. So it was explained in part nine.
Three-tier Panchayati Raj system in which The 73rd Amendment divided the Panchayats into three levels.
There is a political system, it has been created. There is one Village level means Gram Panchayat in which most The lower unit will be the village cleaning, drinking water system, construction, education, Health will be looked into. Then comes Intermediary Panchayat Samiti, Block Samiti. In this What will happen? Development related work Will be. in which development planning coordination people What is it? development of agriculture as well There should be development. This employment scheme is run It will be implemented. The third is the district Level Council. In this, the Panchayat system Made supreme. By district in this Coordination between development planning and Panchayati Was made. So what is the purpose of the village council?
What is the provision? Provisional of Village gathering. So the village council is such a The administrative unit is the village assembly where the village All citizens of are members. Village Assembly Review of the work of the Panchayat in the function of Is performed. Accept whatever plan comes your way.
is done. Audit in society She goes. If public participation increases Democracy becomes stronger. Panchayat's regular Elections are held. Each of the 5 articles of the Constitution Panchayat elections were made compulsory every year.
It is believed that Panchayat elections will also be held. into what Is? If the Panchayat is dissolved, within 6 months It can also happen. Ok? reservation system has also been given in Panchayati Raj in which Reservation given to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes There is reservation for tribals in Panchayati Raj.
33% reservation has also been given for women.
on this seat in Panchayat Raj so that women Can become strong. In many states, women get 50% Reservation has also been given. Ok? So the state Election Commission State Election Commission Talk about Election Commission, Panchayati Raj If we talk about Ensure fairness of Panchayat elections Election Commission also to Panchayati Raj designed to ensure smooth conduct of elections See Election to State Finance Commission To strengthen the financial position of the Panchayat The state has made different provisions for this.
Recommendations for distribution of financial resources Similarly, to increase the income of the Panchayat, 11th Constitution by the 73rd Amendment in the list 11th list was added in. What's in it?
29 subjects were included.
The main subjects are agriculture, irrigation, animal husbandry.
It was connected to all of this.
Role of Panchayati Raj Institution. Panchayati What is the role of the political institution? So the rural Role of Panchayat Raj in village development It is a medium of development. Road construction, water to look after education, health and employment Looks at everyone. Schemes like MNREGA The work of implementing the Panchayati Raj had done it in the village.
Strengthens democracy. Panchayati Raj Increases public participation. as well as Empowers women. Reasons for reservation Lakhs of women got representation in Panchayat Is. The woman's confidence has increased.
Political awareness has come among women. So The status of women in society is somewhat The woman's condition has improved a bit. Social Justice, Social Justice in Panchayati Raj The backward classes were ST, ST, OBC.
Participation was granted. Inclusion of women as well to be done. addressing local problems The solution was found. There are limitations too, but few financial weakness of Panchayati Raj Most of the Panchayat members do not have money.
These depend on the state government. Correct Is? So the work depends on the state government.
so. The second thing is administrative control.
Occasional intervention by the state government It happens in the Panchayat. Third thing Corruption and lack of transparency. Some?
Corruption in Panchayat Raj in the area It happens. There are political interferences.
As well as lack of education and awareness. Many education in electoral representation There is no knowledge of it or there is a part of it.
Ok? So you can say in part 11th A.
Information was given about the urban body. 74th By the Constitution Amendment Act 1992 Part 11A was added to the Constitution. it Detailed in Articles 243P to 243ZG Is. It is fully explained in About Panchayati Raj. Its purpose that local government in the city is constitutionally How to assign the grade? How the city administration Should it be made democratic? How in the city Should development be done? All this has been discussed.
What are the types of municipal bodies?
Meaning, what about the municipal body?
What are the types? There was a Panchayat in the town also.
Is. This applies to areas where It's like villages are changing.
The city for them. The second is the city Municipality. Municipal elections are held, right?
This is ours in Delhi. It is small and medium are established in cities. And third There is a Municipal Corporation. These big cities and metropolises It is for. Like Delhi Municipal Corporation, Mumbai Municipal Corporation. Ok? So types of These are urban bodies. Ok? Now we know Let us know the main features of the article of. of Article 11A. then regular elections It is stated that the municipal body Which is a five-year term under the election There will be elections. Village Panchayat Reservation Arrangements will be made. ST, OBC women 33% reservation will be given to. State Elections Commissions will be formed and to whom will the state provide financial assistance?
To the village. 74th Amendment to the 12th Schedule 12th Schedule was added by and the city was handed over to the body. 18th subject in this were included and planning, water, sanitation, Public bridge construction or the environment to look after, to remove poverty, to build roads, these All functions added. Ok? So roll What is the role of urban bodies?
that road construction, water sanitation, cities There are elections for the corporation, right, the municipal corporation?
We only see that our house and street are clean.
Whether it has happened or not, health and These people look at cleanliness as hygienic.
As well as urban planning, roads are also considered.
Making Vadak is also the work of the Municipal Corporation.
Economic considerations are given to environmental protection Look at development and women's participation If we talk about the 73rd and 74th amendments This has increased the participation of women has grown in importance, increased confidence, Awareness has increased, education has been provided and Women did not even get 33% reservation.
Is. The councillor has also been a woman. Isn't it? So Let's talk about the District Planning Committee. This committee The district level coordinates both rural and urban planning.
She mixes it. Balanced district under this scheme Development is done. Metropolitan Planning Committee Speaking of the metropolis which The Metropolitan Committee, this committee develops Is. Transport environment in urban development She looks. Co-operatives in local government Makes her sit. What is in it? Agricultural moment to give, to help women, to provide employment Meaning it is a cooperative society in which the village People work together with the government.
Strengthens local governance. But in this Some challenges also arise. of financial resources shortages, corruption, or lack of administrative efficiency, rapid Urbanization should happen. So what is all this? Problem It gives birth to. This involves local government What are the measures to strengthen it? that financial Autonomy should be given to local government. Transparency Remain in these. Promoted digital governance Go. The public should also be more aware and Representation should also be tested. So What will we write in the conclusion? conclusion In this we will write that the parts of Indian Constitution Parts 11 to 11A provided for local government.
Constitutional basis has been given. Meaning the Constitution Panchayat Raj or local government is a importance has been given. The Panchayati Raj Institution has body Developed in. Brought justice to society.
Empower women. public participation Increased. Under the 73rd and 74th Amendments to be done. without creating a political system Local based public participation model The government was formed. Panchayat and Municipal bodies Both strengthen local governance.
However, it has some weaknesses. Corruption There is a lack of administrative control and resources. But If we fight this challenge, India will become one It will become a country with a strong democracy.
Panchayat Raj which is the municipal body More resources are automatically needed. In India We need to know its role for overall development.
It is very important. So Here is your question number five.
Also complete. Ok? ruler across your Your entire 10 in End Urban Development There are questions. Five out of 10 questions I got the questions done. Saves you Five questions. Now the five questions you have Question number six to question number one 10 is that I will tell you in your next part I will get it done. Ok? So if you like the video If you liked the video, please like it.
Share the video in your groups whichever is yours There are college groups, share it in them.
If you have a friend who needs Share this with him. How was the video?
Tell us in the comment section and share as many views as you can.
The sooner you get your seconds on this video The part will come. Because in the second part I That's why I am making a video in part. My The reason is that I have a lot of It is the subject. On the 7th, like this one There is an Urban and Rural exam and Education in Indian History There is an exam. And there is another Asian India One. So there are three or four exams. Now I have all The child has to be looked after by the student. so less I even give notes to someone less than that.
So read from some notes only. some parts Read it from the first. a few fractions of a second Will go. Meaning it should happen to everyone. Not so. If I am complete on the same subject for everyone Pay attention to the method. Make all the parts.
If I make notes, the other child will miss it.
I want everyone to have something Go. If someone can't find the video So you can get the notes. Someone full video If you can't find it, then get some parts.
Meaning, he should get something that he can do in the exam.
So get it. Meaning if this is not the case then what should I do Am I doing it? I'm making the parts so that I can make more children's ones. So I I make notes after I make the video.
After making notes, I will watch the video again.
I want to learn some other subject. give again I make notes. So you work so hard If yes, you can like it and please Get it subscribed. Do subscribe too yes. You see the videos are very bad.
Seems like So for motivation you Get it subscribed. so thanks.
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