Lecture 02 | Part 01 | Noun & Its Types | CSS | PMS

[00:00:03]Our lecture today is lecture number two English plausible composition or you can call it English grammar, its lecture number two is parts of speech, number one noun. Ok? We will study nouns and types of nouns. You have to pay attention to my words when I am teaching the lecture. Some things I would like to emphasize are that yes, this is not the case. If it is like this then understand that those things of ours are related to MCQ or they are important. That is, something that should be repeated and on which more emphasis or light should be thrown.

[00:00:39]Ok? There is a lot to learn in this. Ok?

[00:00:44]See, first of all there is the definition of noun.

[00:00:49]You have been reading this. Ok?

[00:00:55]What is a noun? It is the name of a person, place, thing or idea.

[00:01:02]Ok? It could be a thing, it could be a place, it could be an idea, it could be a person, it could be an animal. Ok? The name of all these is called noun. Ok?

[00:01:16]For example, let us say that we have a sentence in which it is written that Sara went to Paris with Joy 's name. Paris is the name of a place. Joy is an idea. The camera is one thing. So you can say that the person's name is also coming in this sentence. The name of the place is also coming.

[00:01:40]Idea's name is also coming up. The name of something is also coming up. So what's all this Paris Joy Camera? It is a noun. Ok?

[00:01:50]Next is G Honesty is valued. So, what should we take as an example here, honesty? I will take noun only. Once we read the types, you will have an idea as to which noun it is.

[00:02:02]Ok? Then you will understand things more clearly.

[00:02:06]See types of nouns.

[00:02:10]So the first type of proper noun is that of proper noun, it is a name of a specific person, place, meaning thing, what do we call the name of a particular place or thing, it is called proper noun, like Lahore, okay, this is the name of a particular city, Ali, okay, so this is the name of a particular person, Eiffel Tower or a special tower, Badshah Mausoleum, Pakistan, okay, Quaid-e-Azam, Allama Iqbal. So all these things are important, right? If something is unique then we will ask it what is this? It is a proper noun.

[00:02:49]This can also be the name of a place, a thing, an idea, or anything. If it is important one then it means we have proper noun. What is a common noun?

[00:03:04]It is the name of a general person, place, and thing. For example, if we do not take the name of the city, we just say city. Let us not take the name of the boy or the girl.

[00:03:12]Just say boy or girl. Ok? And don't tell the name of the tower, brother, which tower is this. Ok? There is Century Tower, Twin Tower, Eiffel Tower.

[00:03:24]Ok? These are all proper nouns. When we say just tower, till now we have read two types of noun.

[00:03:35]One is proper and one is common.

[00:03:37]Names of important things in the proper, names of places, okay? There are names of people, names of animals, names of ideas. And in common noun all things are common. ok sir.

[00:03:48]Good sir. Next we have g collective noun. Names a group of people or things. That means they represent a group.

[00:03:57]Ok?

[00:04:00]What is a collective noun? Represent a group.

[00:04:02]For example, there are so many students and aspirants in MT group like you.

[00:04:09]So for all of you just use the word aspirants or call them MT group members.

[00:04:15]Ok? Or if there is a class then you can just call it one, even if there are more than 1000 students in the class then just tell him that brother this is a class.

[00:04:26]You tell me how big the army will be. Just use a word army for that.

[00:04:30]Use the Navy. Use the Air Force.

[00:04:33]Ok? In team, let us say that there are 11 members in a team. Some have five, some have six. Different teams depend on whether it is hockey, basketball or cricket. Ok?

[00:04:46]So there are members according to that. So brother, just use the word team for that.

[00:04:51]Ok? Family is also a collective noun.

[00:04:54]Comet is also a collective noun. Audience is also a collective noun. Ok? So what happens in a collective noun? What is a word doing to a complete class or a whole class? He is representing.

[00:05:06]When a word represents a complete class or a whole class.

[00:05:14]What does that mean? We have a collective noun.

[00:05:18]Ok? After this we have abstract noun. Abstract nouns contain ideas, qualities or when we talk about feelings, we call them abstract nouns. Ok? Love, Hate, Bravery, Courage, Intelligence. Ok?

[00:05:37]So abstract nouns do not physically occupy any place but they are names of feelings, names of emotions, names of qualities. Ideas have names. Ok? So we call it abstract noun. After that, we have material nouns, we have substance, material. This is physically visible. The abstract noun is not visible. Ok? Because material nouns physically hold a place. Ok? In which there is gold, water, iron, diamond, apart from this you can also say that there is silver.

[00:06:19]All these materials that we have, even the knife that we have. Ok? So what do all these things bring to us? There are material nouns.

[00:06:26]So what have we read so far about what is a brother noun? Name of any person, name of place, name of idea and name of thing. What is this? We have a noun. Among the major types of nouns, the first thing we read was what is a proper noun? Proper nouns include all those things which are special. Like there is Lahore, Badshah Mosque, Eiffel Tower. Common nouns include all those things which are common. Ok? In which you can say girl, boy, city, tower. Ok? The country is not being specified as to what is there.

[00:07:04]Ok? So what has brought us all this? It became a common noun. After that collective noun. A word that represents a complete class or a whole class is called a collective noun. After that comes abstract noun. What do we call something that represents feelings, emotions, ideas and qualities?

[00:07:23]Abstract noun. Such as love, bravery, intelligence, debt, hate. Extra Extra Further Material Noun What does this do?

[00:07:31]Physically hold your place. These are the names of some materials. Ok?

[00:07:37]In which you can say there is gold, water, iron and silver. From here, understand one more thing that at a time a word can fall into more than one type.

[00:07:51]You just have to remember this thing. One thing to remember about these types is that a single word can fall into more than one category or type at a time. Like Fara just said, yes knife. So brother, you can say that knife is both a common noun and a material noun. But if there is an option for both material noun and common noun, then we will give preference to material noun.

[00:08:17]Why? Because this material comes first and common comes later. Ok? If it is there then both are there.

[00:08:23]But whose preference is it? It is of material.

[00:08:26]You just have to keep these things in mind. Don't mix them up like this.

[00:08:32]You have to see who has the preference?

[00:08:35]At a time, a word can fall into more than one type or category. It depends on who should be given preference. So if both those options are available then the preference will be given to that one. Ok? Knife is a material noun first. The common noun is later. If the option of material noun is not available then we can tick it as common noun.

[00:08:57]If the option of material noun is available then it is not common.

[00:09:02]Then the material comes first.

[00:09:04]Okay, look ahead, number in noun, spoon, you can say that it will come in material first, okay, all the things etc. will come in material first, then they will follow in common later, okay, number in noun is a singular noun and it is a plural noun, you all should know this, okay, when one idea of ​​one thing, one place will be talked about, then it is singular. When more than one thing, more than one person, more than one place, more than one idea is talked about, then it is a plural noun. Ok? Like book is singular and what will be books? It will be plural. Boy is singular, what will happen to boys? It will be plural. City will be singular and cities will be plural.

[00:09:55]This is simple. Now understand where we get confused? Yes.

[00:10:01]Well, mostly when we add 's' to nouns, they become plural. Like if it is a book then it becomes books.

[00:10:08]Some nouns that end in -pe are es pe, x pe, g pe, ch pe, sh pe. What are some nouns that end in -s? S Pay, X Pay, G Pay, CA Pay and SA Pay. What do we do with these last ones? Add es to make them plural. If we want to make the like box plural, then we are adding ES to it.

[00:10:33]Just not increasing the S. Let me tell you in even simpler words, brother. There are some words which are made plural by adding es instead of s.

[00:10:46]I just told you simply that there are some words with which we make them plural by adding different words. We make it plural by adding S to some, ES to some and you can say that there will be other words too with some. For example, if a noun ends in 'y', then 'is' is added to it.

[00:11:03]Like what will happen to the baby? The plural form would be babies. Ok? IES has increased. So it means we can make any singular into plural. Plurals can be made singular.

[00:11:21]Umme Farma is just saying that FFE and VSG can be different. Our concern is not what should be added to make it plural. We just need to know how to make plurals. Ok? It could look like anything.

[00:11:36]SE S and IS do not necessarily increase. There may be further increases.

[00:11:44]Now the topics on which most MCQs come are Material Noun, Abstract Noun, Collective Noun and Countable and Uncountable Noun. The topic where students remain most confused is between countable and uncountable nouns. Yes. okay brother? Uncountable noun. Things that you cannot count are uncountable.

[00:12:04]Ok? Now look at can not be counted and always take singular verbs. You have to understand that brother, which verb is always used with uncountable nouns? It is used singularly. Plural is not used. This furniture cannot be counted. So, you can say that the singular verb will take. Yes. Is the advice correct? This is uncountable. Information is uncountable. Luggage is uncountable. Scenery: Many MCQs related to scenery have come in the past papers.

[00:12:40]In PPSC in FPSC in One Paper. Ok? So brother, what is this scenery? This is also uncountable. There will be no hair loss.

[00:12:50]Hair can count every hair, sir. Cannot be counted.

[00:12:56]You can say that there are chances of error in that.

[00:12:58]We can also count the information. You can do the same to furniture. You can also take advice. ok sir. You can also count the stars. But if error is possible then that which has the possibility of error is uncountable. It's the stars, it's the furniture, it's the luggage, it's the scenery, it's the hair, it's the advice.

[00:13:21]You must remember these words. These words are very important.

[00:13:25]All these words have been chosen from the past paper only.

[00:13:28]And you will see their use again and again.

[00:13:30]Like we have The Furniture Is New. The furniture will not be new. I need some advice. I need advice and I need some advice. Ok? We can make these words plural. But before this we will have to add some words.

[00:13:50]Ok? Then we can make these uncountable numbers countable.

[00:13:55]Ok?

[00:13:58]But by adding some words to these, he will go ahead and read which words are there. To count them use a piece of see advice which is uncountable noun. And what will you do to make the advice countable? Yes, a piece of advice.

[00:14:16]Ok? So what did that make it? It became countable. So it doesn't mean. Now what is there to understand? What needs to be understood is that brother, after seeing these words, you should not decide that brother, sir had told you that this is uncountable and what is with these, if you say that these take singular verb then this will happen. You have to listen to the whole thing further that wherever you see these words, you have to check the words before and after them to see if there is anything that is making it countable from uncountable.

[00:14:47]So what do students do? Mostly we read it because we memorize the words that brother, this furniture is uncountable. Brother, the advice is uncountable.

[00:14:58]If you have placed a piece of word before brother advice then it is countable.

[00:15:04]A piece of a piece of information to make the advice countable.

[00:15:08]Ok?

[00:15:10]Much of advice. Ok? In this way, we can make the alphas countable by increasing them by some number of alphas. You just have to remember these things also. So whenever you see these words, you have to see their context also.

[00:15:22]Before this, some words have to be added.

[00:15:25]If those words are giving the sense that brother this is countable then it is countable.

[00:15:30]If there are no such words before or after them.

[00:15:32]Piece of much of some of few of. Ok? If such words are not used then you should understand that it is uncountable. If there is an addition of some words before these then you should understand that these are countable. You just have to keep this thing in your mind.

[00:15:50]MCQs related to this will be mandatory.

[00:15:55]Sugar Star Star Sir Count Words Come Then Countable is. Yes, absolutely, Seema has spoken right to the point.

[00:16:04]Okay, always plural nouns, there are some words which are always plural. There are some words that are always plural. Like Caesar, you have seen that scissors have two legs.

[00:16:20]So it will be taken as a plural.

[00:16:22]Trousers. Well, Caesar word will not be used.

[00:16:25]Scissors will always be used. Please remember this also.

[00:16:30]Ok? Caesars will be the Word. Wherever Caesar is written, it means it is incorrect. Yes.

[00:16:39]Uswa is saying that Sir, please tell me the furniture point again. I told you about it in such detail that in the furniture I have told you that it is uncountable. More words have been mentioned that those which are uncountable can be made countable. But if some words are used before them like a piece of, a few of, some of, much of. Ok? By using such words we can make uncountable things countable.

[00:17:08]So if these words are used in any sentence like furniture, advice, information, luggage, scenery etc. then you have to check some words before these to see if there are any words which are making them counted. If there are some such words then they will be used as countable only.

[00:17:25]Now just look at it.

[00:17:30]Caesars. Well, in the paper he will ask, brother, which one of these is correct? He will give four sentences. So you will see that sir had taught us only noun words etc. Sentences came here. Now which one is correct? From which perspective should it be seen? So you will see that these words might have been used in it. Brother, Caesar is not Caesar, it is Caesars, it is not trousers, it is trousers, it is not jeans, it is jeans. Spectacle is not spectacle, it is spectacles, it is not plier, it is pliers.

[00:18:03]These words are always used as a plural form.

[00:18:06]You must have often heard us saying, brother, give me the trousers. Brother, not trousers, but trousers.

[00:18:12]Jeans, not genes. Ok? Yes.

[00:18:16]This wordplay itself is plural. The helping verb used with these will also be plural. This sound itself is plural.

[00:18:27]You can tell them that they cannot be made plural.

[00:18:32]Ok? So you have to remember these words brother, scissors, trousers, jeans, spectacles, pliers, these are called pliers etc. Ok? Good sir. Please understand one more thing here. If you know these words and any other word comes up, then you have to see whether it is an inanimate object and has two legs. If it is an inanimate object and has two legs, then it is already in the plural form of as a.

[00:18:59]With that S will increase. It must have happened already.

[00:19:02]Caesar has two legs. Trousers have two legs. Jeans have two legs. There are two spectacles. Ok? Glass pliers are those pliers which have two ends.

[00:19:12]Ok? There are two sides. So there could be other things like this. You have to see that it has two legs.

[00:19:19]If it is there then it means you should call it as a, that is, as a will be taken in plural form only.

[00:19:27]Ok? So anywhere you see trousers.

[00:19:30]Ok? Yes, if glasses are glasses then its meaning will change. Ok?

[00:19:35]Glasses means specs. Glass means the glass in which you drink water. Ok? There will be a difference between the two.

[00:19:43]So till now you have understood countable noun? I understood the uncountable. I understood these words. There are always some words which are always used in plural form.

[00:19:53]Good sir. Please look at collective noun and verb agreement. Treaty as singular when acting as a single unit. Plural when acting individually.

[00:20:04]Ok? So if you see these examples then you will understand. The team is winning.

[00:20:09]See, team is a collective noun. Ok? So here team is a collective noun. Ok? But what are we writing next? But it is a single identity. The team is a single identity. The army is a single identity. So what did we put together with the team? I applied it. The team is winning.

[00:20:29]Ok? Why is there an R with the team here? The team are fighting among themselves.

[00:20:34]So the sentence is giving us the sense that the team is in the plural form. So, the helping verb that comes after team, you can say that it can come in singular as well as plural. It depends what the sentence is? What is the sense of the sentence?

[00:20:54]The team is winning. The team is winning. Ok? She is giving the sense that brother, this has to happen. The team will not be winning. The team are fighting among themselves. So this means there are more than one teams fighting each other. Are competing. Ok?

[00:21:14]People are or people is, it depends exactly on what is the sense of the sentence? We can't decide from Fara Just People. You cannot decide just by team, army, navy, class.

[00:21:28]In this collective noun, let us say you will see verb agreement. It's simple.

[00:21:33]Wherever there is a collective noun, we will see the verb agreement with which the verb is agreeing. Yes. Ok?

[00:21:40]Next we have possessive nouns which show ownership. What do possessive nouns do? Show off your ownership. So what do we call such nouns that show ownership? Yes, it is called possessive noun. Yes.

[00:21:57]See, in the possessive case, na s is added. Yes.

[00:22:00]The Dog's Bone means dog's bone. Ok?

[00:22:07]What will be its plural form? The Dog's Bones. Ok?

[00:22:10]So check this out. Now understand one thing here.

[00:22:13]This apostrophe is placed once before the S and once after the S.

[00:22:20]Please understand this apostrophe also that once it is before S and once it is after S.

[00:22:26]If there is an apostrophe before the 's', then it is the possessive case. It is singular but possessive case. There is singular as well as possessive case. And if there is an apostrophe after the s.

[00:22:40]Ok? So what will that mostly be? The plural form will be.

[00:22:47]What would that be? The plural form will be the valential case.

[00:22:50]And whatever word is used after this will be in plural form. Ok? The bonus has arrived. There was a bone here. Here comes the bonus.

[00:23:00]Did you have a question? You have to read the entire sentence and decide whether it is singular or plural. Yes of course. In collective nouns.

[00:23:09]Only in collective nouns. Because we will see the agreement of collective noun with verb.

[00:23:15]In the same case, I told you that you have to look a little at the apostrophe, brother, sometimes the apostrophe comes before the 's' and sometimes it comes after the 's'.

[00:23:23]You should know what this means. If it is before 's' then understand that it is used in singular form.

[00:23:28]If the apostrophe is after the 's', then it is used somewhere in the plural form.

[00:23:33]Ok? Please keep this thing in mind. This is a case of apostrophe. Next up is G Non Living Things. Use of instead of apostrophe s. ok sir. So what is being used? is being turned off.

[00:23:46]Instead of Offs. Ok? Well, we will see when the words come for these. Like The Leg of the Table.

[00:23:55]Ok? Not the table's leg. I won't say it like that. So from here we understood that brother, with non-living things, we do not add S or ES by using apostrophe to make them possessive.

[00:24:11]Ok?

[00:24:13]We do not add 's' to non-living things by using apostrophe like this. What do we plant with them? Would have applied off. There are non-living things. If a non-living thing is used in the sentence and the possessive case is being shown in it, then what we will do is we will use 'of' instead of using an apostrophe.

[00:24:37]See, this sentence is correct. The Leg of the Table. Ok? We cannot say it like this. The legs of the tables or legs of tables like this cannot be used like this. Ok? So it is simple that whenever there is a non-living thing, you make a passive case for it. Apostrophes, etc. are not used. What is used in its place?

[00:25:00]G off has its uses. Off this show gets it done what does this thing do with it? It belongs to me.

[00:25:05]This is in its ownership. ok sir.

[00:25:11]Next is the compound noun. Whenever any word appears a little long to you.

[00:25:18]Ok? Lock of the door. This is absolutely fine.

[00:25:22]In compound noun you will see Commander in Chief.

[00:25:26]Ok? See here Commander in Chief Commanders in Chief.

[00:25:32]So to make Commander in Chief plural, we should not change Chief to Chief. This has already come in the paper. I have taken these mostly words from past papers for explanation. See Commander in Chief. He will say, brother, make it plural. How do you make it? So those would be the options. So many students will see in that option that after brother chief, s has been added, so it has become plural.

[00:25:56]No, if 's' is added after the first word then it becomes plural. There is no chief. Commanders in Chief became plural.

[00:26:04]Commander in Chief Ye became singular.

[00:26:07]You just have to remember that to make a word which is a compound noun or a compound word plural, we will not add 's' at the end of that complete word. We will add 's' to the end of the first word.