Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) is a medical emergency that requires immediate cardiac stabilization with IV calcium gluconate (10% solution, 10ml bolus over 2-3 minutes with cardiac monitoring) to prevent cardiac toxicity. The ECG changes in hyperkalemia follow a sequential pattern: tall T waves appear at potassium levels of 5.5-6.5 mEq/L, loss of P wave occurs at 6.5-7.5 mEq/L, wide QRS complex develops at 7.5-8.0 mEq/L, and a sine wave pattern appears when potassium exceeds 8.0 mEq/L. After cardiac stabilization, additional management includes insulin with glucose, nebulization, diuretics, and hemodialysis as needed.
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What yes hello friends you all are welcome to the online platform of Balaji Nursing Academy beta S good evening beta good evening come on brother share the class quickly in the group Riya good evening beta Pallavi Verma good evening khushboo ke good evening come on brother Komal good evening Telja good evening Kal Chaudhary good evening kal come on friend is the voice clear tell the kids who are live once quickly the voice is coming clear Sonika good evening Bhavna message Aishwarya on WhatsApp son here she doesn't say hi or bye good evening beta Neha good evening Nati good evening Imran did it good evening is the voice coming clear is it Manpreet Tamanna good evening beta come on share the class once all kids come quickly Muskan good evening yes preparation for success starts from here okay next ji is saying sir it is clear. Come on brother, let's start the class. What next, all the children? Shruti, good evening son, hurry up, everyone please comment once and share it with the class. Please like it too brother. Isn't it? No one has liked it yet.
Hurry up, like it fast, all the 30, 33 kids are live and till now only one like has come. Please like and like as soon as you arrive.
This is your moral duty, we and your comments are not increasing yet, we are not getting more than 25-23 comments, so you are offline with 106 students, so let's share the class quickly, fast, good evening to all, let's start today's class, so our first question today, son, is Cardiology. Ok?
A 60 year old man with chronic kidney disease whose son is he?
He is suffering from chronic kidney disease and is presenting with muscle weakness and palpitations. What is it, son? There is muscle weakness and palpitations. And his ECG, son, has peak T wave.
What is its potassium level son? 6.8 What does this mean? Hyperkalemia. What is it son? There is hypercalcemia. What is the first stage in management? Option first is calcium glucomate administration, administer loop diabetes hemodialysis and administer insulin with glucose. All children, comment fast. A 60 year old. Ok? And what about him, son? It is CKD. What is? Have chronic kidney disease. Present with muscle weakness and palpitations.
What is seen in the ECG?
What T wave is visible? Tall is visible. And when we got his potassium level serum electrolyte tested, his potassium level was 6.8 ml per liter. What is the first step in management?
Smay is saying good evening. Yes minister a Shruti a Palvi Chowdhary a very good. Khushboo A Kalpana Thakur A very good Kirtan is saying very good Nisha Chaudhary good evening son, please comment quickly and share the class once brother today so many children are coming live, all the children please share the class and share it with your friends also one is saying A very good Jyoti's A Diksha A very good son will you please comment quickly Tamanna Bhavana Rajput A yes try to understand son if we have a CKD patient. Whose?
of CKD. Have chronic kidney disease. And what did he give us with that, son?
Hypercalcemia. What did you give?
Hyperkalemia. Did you understand till here?
Hyperkalemia. So look, you all have the right answer.
Ok? Right Answer: Here all of you are right that the admin is calcium gluconate. Will anyone comment on me? All children, comment why calcium gluconate is given? Why is calcium gluconate given in conditions of hyperkalemia? All children please comment because we have diagnosed that sir our potassium level here is 6.8. So we will call this hyperlimemia. What will you say son? We will call it hypercalcemia and within that we are doing the first step of management.
Administer the calcium gluconate. Why administer the calcium gluconate? We can also give him diabetes medicine.
Hemodialysis can also be done.
Ok? Apart from that, insulin administration can also be done with glucose.
Tell me why are you giving calcium gluconate? All the children please comment and then I will tell you that when there is hyperkalemia in it and a little sequence stabilization is given to the cardiac muscles, very good, very good.
So look, try to understand son. Here we read one more thing that if there is hyperkalemia and in hyperkalemia you are asked about ECG changes.
What should I ask my son? ECG changes.
Ask for ECG changes.
Yes, I am in class.
I do it in the classroom. Let us go.
Ok? So if you are asked about ECGC changes, then I am going to tell you the sequence of ECGC changes, at which level you will see what all inside your EC changes.
So we'll say ECCG changes sequence sequence in hyperkalemia seen in hyperkalemia.
What ECG changes are seen in hyperkalemia? We will read it frequency wise. Ok?
Stabilization Damos Prevent the Ermia.
Good evening son. That's ok. So, look, I am going to tell you here what changes we will see in the ECG under which conditions. Because what has he given us in the question? Tall T Wave. What have you given me, son? PT wave is given here. So I'm going to show you the sequence of the ECG.
If your level is between 5.5 to 6.5. If the DL is between 5.5 to 6.5 mg then you will see tall T wave. What will we see? Tall T wave will be seen. Did you understand till here?
If yours goes above this from 6.5 to 7.5, ours goes above DL at mg. No one will teach you how to do this sequentially.
Now look, 6.8 was given in our question.
So what did he say? T wave Sold T wave. If our level goes from 6.5 to 7.5 then there is loss of P wave, you will not see P wave there. What will happen?
Loss of P wave.
Loss of P wave will be seen son. If your DL is from 7.0 to sorry 7.5 to 8.0 mg then you will lose white QR S complex.
What will we see? Wide QRs will be seen. And if it gets dealt at more than 8.0 mg, what will we see? A sine wave will be seen.
What will we see? A sine wave will be seen. Son, memorize this one because you will see very important electrolyte changes here.
So how much have we given you here? If we have given 6.8 then we will see T wave tall here. If it goes above 6.5 then there will be P wave loss. You will not see a P wave.
And if it is from 7.5 to 8 then wide QR S complex will be seen.
And if the craze crosses at 8 then a sine wave will be seen. Did you understand till here? These are some of our ECG changes in what?
Inside hyperischemia. Now see, if any patient comes to us then pay attention to the approach to the patient.
Approach to the patient. Is there any patient who will approach in which condition? Approach the patient with hyperkalemia.
I am going to tell you a sequence.
What will you do according to that sequence? We will manage it. So how to approach a client with a hyperkalemia.
Ok? So how will you do it?
What will we do first son? We will stabilize his cardiac muscles. Ok? If there is cardiac toxicity there.
Ok?
Write cardiac toxicity here.
Cardiac toxicity is a serious complication.
Serious complication of hyperkalemia, the most serious complication of hyperkalemia, son, is cardiac toxicity, what do we do for this, required immediate management, required immediate management, immediate management needs to be done and what will we do in immediate management, first of all we will stabilize the cardiac muscles.
What to do? Cardiac stabilization. What are you going to do, son?
Cardiac stabilization.
Cardiac stabilization will be done first with whom? With IV calcium gluconate. IV calcium gluconate.
With calcium gluconate. Isn't it? I have given Administer the Calcium Gluconate in my option.
Will give IV calcium gluconate. Will give IV calcium gluconate. First of all, our first priority will be to ensure cardiac stabilization of our cardiac muscles. Hey, did you understand till here? So we read about how to approach a patient with hyperkalemia. So we said, Sir, to whom will we give first priority?
Because what does hyperkalemia cause? Causes cardiac toxicity.
And cardiac toxicity is the severe complication of the hyperkalemia. So for that, the first line management that is required is immediate cardiac stabilization, what do we give in it, son? ID Calcium Gluconate. Did you understand till here? Ok. So what will Arias do inside calcium gluconate, son? Calcium gluconate patient with the potassium. So what will he do? Causes muscle weakness.
If your potassium is high.
And he has given muscle weakness in the question.
So always keep in mind that this is also a clinical feature when potassium level increases. Potassium level increases. So what happens to our muscles, son? Weakness occurs inside the muscles.
What will you see inside the muscles?
Weakness will be seen. What will our calcium gluconate do to that? Will prevent muscle weakness. Did you understand till here? How much do you give? So we should keep in mind the recommendation of calcium gluconate.
Recommendation of calcium gluconate.
How much calcium gluconate is recommended, son? So we give 10% calcium gluconate in 10 ml and also give I and after how much time will we give it, keep in mind we give bonus to this inside, it is bolus, we will give it within 2 to 3 minutes, with cardiac monitoring for 2 to 3 minutes, with a cardiac monitor, when you give calcium gluconate, then on what will we take the patient, son, we will take him on cardiac monitoring, did you understand till this point?
So I told you three things here. Firstly, I mentioned twintal changes in ECG of the hyperkalemia. So we said if it is 5.5 then which T wave will we see first from 5.5 to 6.5? If you reach above this, you will lose your P wave. The P wave will not be visible inside the CG. If DL is between 7.5 to 8.5 mg then white QR complex will be seen and if it is more than 8 then sine wave will be seen. Then I told you that there is any patient who is coming with hyperkalemia.
What will we manage first? How to approach the hyperkalemia patient. So we told him sir that hyperkalemia causes a serious complication which we call cardiac toxicity. And to prevent cardiac toxicity, we immediately require cardiac stabilization. For which we give calcium gluconate. And how much calcium gluconate do you give, son? 10 ml of 10% should be infused within 2 to 3 minutes. Isn't it? We will never give it by infusion.
Here, for stabilization, we need an immediate effect, and if we want an immediate effect, then underline here what we will give. We will tell him that we will give it slowly within 2 to 3 minutes. Okay, and with a cardiac monitor.
What will we put on that patient, son, we will put on a cardiac monitor. Till here, I understood, what other management can we do?
For other management, we can do other management. We will give regular insulin, son, what will we give, regular insulin with, see, there is also an option, regular insulin with glucose, regular insulin with glucose, right? We can give Dexos. Here, instead of glucose, what can you do, you can also do Dexos.
Apart from that, what else can we do, we can do pneumolization, right? Provide him with saltamol pneumolization, salgtamol pneumolization. Oh, let's get pneumolization done. We can do saltamol pneumolization by wearing a mask.
We can give him diuretics.
What can we give, son, we can give diuretics in that. Hemodialysis can be done, but what will we do with it first, son?
Will do cardiac stabilization. Hey, did you understand till here? This is how we manage hyperkalemia. All the children, please comment quickly once whether you have understood how we are going to treat hyperkalemia?
All the children, comment quickly.
How are we going to treat hyperkalemia? Did you understand? You have to make all these notes on how to treat or how to approach a client with hyperkalemia. We have told you the sequence that we will do this first.
What will we do after that? I will give you insulin. What will we do after that? I will get pneumolysis done.
After that I will give it to diabetic. Will do hemodialysis.
Management takes care of all these things.
Ritika, Pallavi, yes nebulization son will get nebulization done at the same price. When we get the enucleation done from Salta More, what will we see there, what will you see about the hyperkalemia, the potassium, it will be maintained, it will decrease the potassium level, so I have understood till here, are there 40 children, see how many had come, 63 children were live and now there are 40 children, right, children come to see the face, what is the sir teaching, I will study it later, I will make it private.
If you don't make notes now, I will make it private as soon as the class is over. Only the child who remains alive will be able to study because he feels that now I will do something else and then we will do something else later. Isn't it?
So I will talk to JP Sir and get it privately registered.
Deeksha Choudhary. Okay, kids. Come to the next question. Next question: What are you saying, son? The nurse is providing care for the client who is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa by laboratory does the nurse expect to test the client their release option first is hypercalcemia hyperkalemia hypouricemia hypophosphatemia right answer comment me son all children all children comment me quickly the nurse is providing care for a male client who is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa by laboratory now sorry abnormality does the nurse expect to test the client with anorexia nervosa son is saying Sonika is saying A Tiwari is saying A hypercalcemia and brother please comment me quickly look once Simran is saying D Gunjan is saying D very good Komal is also saying D.
Chetan, what are you saying son sir? Previous question: Side effects of Mentamol, son, what should I tell you about its side effects, what are its side effects, what are we saying, we are giving it for effectiveness, what will be the side effects, what will it do, when it does broncho digestion, when it does broncho digestion, ventilation will increase, its ASP is saying D Palvi Chaudhary D very good hypophosphatemia Geetanjali is also saying D.
Try to see now. Let us go. Ok?
Son, there is a patient who has what problem? Anorexia nerva. And what is Anokhyā Nervasa? There is a psychiatric problem. It is the heating disorder. What is this son? Heating disorder.
Ok? So let's have a complete discussion about what? About anorexic or nervous.
Or we call it eating disorder.
Eating disorder. And son, there are three disorders under eating disorder. One is anorexia nervosa, one is gynecological nervosa and which one is yours son?
Anorexic nerves will become your linea nerves. Ok? And one will be your ferning disorder. Ok? These three disorders will occur at your place.
Sah Sir, good evening. Welcome to Sai Sir. Bhai Saheb Sir has come to our class today.
Ok? Firstly, what will happen to us? Being Eating with Product.
Ok? How our three disorders are completed which include Anorexia Nervosa, Lineage Nervosa and Binge Eating.
Now try to understand, I will try to explain these three together in short and sweet terms how our eating disorder is going to affect us.
Look what are our ones here? It is called madam because this will be seen more in females. There is a madam and this madam has incense sticks in her hands and candles at her feet.
What is it son? Pallavi Choudhary Good evening.
Okay, what is this madam, son? She has incense sticks in her hands and candles in her feet, but when she looks at herself in the mirror, she feels that I am so big, I have become so fat, I am so big in this way, did you understand the story of our madam, you can call her anything, Miss x, let's say Madam x, what kind of body does she have, son? There are hands, incense sticks and feet, a candle body. But when they look at themselves in the mirror, what do they think of themselves?
Like Khali, they believe that I am a bodybuilder.
And what is my weight doing? It is increasing.
And I have to decrease my weight, otherwise I will not look beautiful. Now she will not look beautiful, she will not look beautiful. Because of this she stops eating completely and does not even eat food, what does she do? She vomits. What will we say to him?
Unrekt or nerve. But there is a madam, this madam, son, this is madam. This madam is like that and what does this Y madam do? First of all she eats well. She will start eating food like a buffalo. The way a buffalo eats, like a mistake. Isn't it?
If he remembers everything in Bulli.
Excessive eating will make you forget it. And after excess eating, a thought will come to his mind. What will come? A thought will come that I have eaten too much food and if I eat more food tomorrow then how will I become? I will become like Khali. When she looks in the mirror she will wonder what I am?
Everything like normal body weight etc. will remain with him. His body will remain normal.
But he will think that I will become more open in future.
And as soon as it comes to her mind, what will she start doing, son? She will start vomiting.
Will starting do it? Vomiting. She will start doing Pargi. We call it bulla or nerve. Did you understand till here brother? Ok. After that comes the third disorder which is our madam, this madam does not have any problem. There is nothing either with the body or anything else.
What will she do? Excessive eating will do. What will you do son? Excessive eating will do. But it will not park here. Nor will any compensation mechanism be implemented. What will remain here, son? The compensating mechanism will remain inside the Ulmia nerve. She will do excessive beating but she will start taking it slowly. She will vomit and start exercising. It will start doing all these things. Inside Mulimia Nervasa.
In anorexia nervosa, she will not eat any food and will start vomiting more. She will start exercising. She will start eating diuretics. In this way, but what happens inside being eating, son? Excessive eating. But he does not do anything in compensation for this. Neither does he vomit, nor does he exercise, nor does he take liberty, he does nothing.
Now he will definitely eat food. He will eat, he will eat. Will keep eating food. He would like to sit alone and eat with you.
Because he will feel that if I eat in front of everyone then people will think that he eats so much food or she eats so much food, then he will start eating alone. Did you understand till here? Tell me everything at once. With this example, everyone understood what anorexic or nervosa is?
What is a bully or a nerd? What is being eating? Hey, did you understand till here? All children, please comment.
I explained it to you in a funny way.
Did you understand what you said till here?
Everyone comment son. The number of children who are live is 50 children who are live.
Shruti Rana, Yash, Pallavi, Khushboo.
Now try to see, let's read the theory here, son, what do we read the theory, so see, first of all we will read what is anorexia nervosa, son, what is anorexia nervosa, and what is anorexia nervosa, it is a syndrome, son, come on, what is anorexia nervosa, it is a syndrome and what will be there in this syndrome, son, there will be appetite, he will feel good, the appetite has three essential criteria, to find out the three essential criteria, see, I will teach you short and sweet and here you can find out by just looking at some keywords whether it has appetite, it is linear or it is a being disorder, so what will be there in it, son, what will be its appetite, what will be that appetite, here it is normal, he will feel hungry, it is not that he will not feel hungry at all, brother, he is not eating less food, suppose there is a person who does not feel hungry at all, he is not eating food or he is feeling hungry, his appetite is normal but he I am not eating food because of the fear that if I do modeling, I will not look beautiful, if I become fat, no one will see me like this and in this way, what thoughts start coming to her, anxiety, after that the most common age, its most common is that among your people of 10 to 30 years, females of 10 to 30 years of age and in whom is it most common, what will be seen in adolescence, it will be seen in adolescence. If you are asked which age is most visible? So which one will be seen more in the adolescent age? Most common scene in female. Anorexia is most commonly seen in females. Did you understand till here? Come on, now see, there is a word, son, I have not asked it yet in the exam, but ask me sometime in the future, what is tardive anorexia?
What is anorexia nervosa, son?
Try to write this question a little bit because in future if the examiner tries to ask a little bit advanced question then we will ask because the general which we have studied, son, is seen maximum between 10 to 30 years.
But there is a person who is more than 30 years old. Isn't it? So we will write down the term usage. This term which is used, son, is the term used for anorexia nervosa. Vi Seen Vi Seen After 30 Years of Age After the age of 30, if any person, any female, says that I am looking fat and I should not eat Anorexic food, then we call her anorexic or tardive.
Son, this is very important.
If this question about these futures also comes then here you will definitely get to see what we call Anokhiya Tardi. Did you understand till here? Now see, what is its essential criteria, diagnostic criteria, what is that diagnostic criteria, ICD1, which one are we following, here according to ICD 11, what are the criteria that we are reading in it, so here the BMI of the son will be less than 18.5 kg meter square, which means that the weight will be less, you will see incense sticks in hands and candles in feet, but he feels that no one is as fat as me. Did you understand till here? Secondly, what else will be seen inside this criteria?
Disturbance in body image.
I have explained to you very well about the disturbance in body image by giving examples of what kind of lady she is. Hands, incense sticks, pens, candles. But he thinks what am I? I am like Khali. I am very fat. My body is completely overgrowing. Did you understand till here? Apart from that, what else can be seen here? Persistent behavior decreases the weight.
Persistent behavior decreases weight. Weight decrease will be seen.
By avoiding food. Son, you will start avoiding food.
And what will she do for him? Pesicular pecicular pattern. Pesicular pattern will be seen.
She will not even eat food but what will she do, she will start vomiting here.
What will she do? She will start vomiting. She will start exercising. She will start taking laxatives.
What will you do son? She will start taking the leg.
These are some of the criteria you will see inside it.
Then what will we see? What clinical features will be there in it, son? So there will be clinical features. The patient will be underweight. What will happen to the patient? Will be underweight.
Those were his criteria. Now the patient will be underweight. Secondly, what will be seen inside the female?
Amenorrhea will be seen in women.
Because hormonal imbalance occurs here.
Hyperprolactinemia is seen. What will we see, son?
Hyperprolactinemia. Write down why amenorrhea is seen here?
Due to hyperprolactemia.
Hyperprolactemia.
Prolactin levels increase here.
Why, here amenorrhea is a very important clinical feature in females, what will happen to the periods, there will be an imbalance, amenorrhea will be seen, son, it is okay here, apart from that, bradycardia will be seen here, what will be seen, bradycardia will be seen here, hypotension will be seen here, hypotension will be seen, have you understood till here, will endocrine changes be seen here, will endocrine changes be seen, in which LH level will decrease, FSS level will decrease. Estrogen levels will decrease in the male. Ok?
What will T3, T4 and T3 become here? There will be decrees. But what will be normal here? TSS. TSS will be normal here son. Ok? What else can be seen here? Hyperphosphatemia will be seen. What will we see?
Sorry hypophosphatemia will be seen. So its correct answer is option number D, hypophosphatemia will be seen. Did you understand till here? Sir, what is its management? So we will say in management, Sir, its management is psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy: Did you understand till here?
What is psychotherapy about? Management. Well brother, this is your complete discussion about the anorexia nervosa. After that comes your Gulmiya Nervasa in second place.
What do you know son? Gulmia nervosa. And what happens inside Gulmia Nervosa, son?
Self-induced vomiting will start.
What will happen son? Self-induced vomiting.
Ok? Bulli Mian Narosa.
What will remain inside Gulli Mia Narsa?
Son, if we look at his clinical features or diagnostic criteria, what will be the weight of the patient? It will be normal. BAMI will be normal.
What is the BMI going to be here? It will be normal. The patient here will indulge in excess eating. What will he do? Excessive eating will do.
But what will he do there?
Will compensate. Will compensate. And what will he do as compensation? I am about to vomit.
What will that son do? Will vomit. Parging will do. What will he do? Parging will do. Did you understand till here? No other changes will be seen here. Ok? You will see normal things here.
Self-induce overstarvation will occur here.
What will you do son? You will start to self-induce over-starvation.
Will self-vomit. He will start taking the legive here.
What will he do? Legitimate exercise. But what will the person who eats here do? Accessible. I was not even eating food here. But here he will eat food and after eating food it will come to his mind that I will become overweight and what will he do? He will start vomiting. Did you understand till here? Okay, if you are asked about the management of these two, son, it is psychotherapy, but if asked about the drug of choice in bulimia or nervosa, then it is fluoxetine, son, which one is fluoxetine, fluoxetine, which drug of choice would be fluoxetine, if you are asked about the drug of choice in eating disorder, then also say fluoxetine, but if you are specifically asked to tell the drug of choice in bulimia or nervosa, then we will say it is flipping, did you understand till here, if you are asked the most common question, tell me the most common associated comorbidity with anoxia, nervous bulimia, nervosa, or tell me another psychiatric problem that occurs along with it, so if he gets excess, anxiety, depression due to weight, then write most common comorbidity, comorbidity, most common comorbidity with an eating disorder with eating disorder with Eating disorder, we will say that sir, what will happen inside him? You will become depressed.
What is seen inside 50% females? There is a 50% chance that he will be suffering from depression depending on the comorbidity. Did you understand till here?
Apart from that, what else will we get to see?
Comorbidity. You will get to see other. There will be social phobia. Will she go somewhere or not?
He will have social phobia. He will get OCD, son. What will happen? You will become OCD.
All these symptoms will be seen inside the com orbit. After that, the next thing that comes to you is known as being heating, son.
By whose name do you know it?
Inside being heating. Which is the most common disorder.
If you are asked about the most common eating disorder, we will say it is among the most common eating disorders. Isn't it? The Most Common Eating Disorder. Isn't it?
If you are asked about the most common eating disorder, you will say Sir, being eating is the most common eating disorder.
Come on, what will you see here, episode of episode of being eating, being eating without compensatory behavior, this is the most important, without compensatory behavior, without compensatory behavior, you will also get to see this.
He will eat extravagantly. Isn't it? Hey brother, what will you eat? Will eat extravagantly. Isn't it? There will be a sense of self-control within you. Isn't it? There will be self-control. Isn't it?
Sense of lack of self-control. I wo n't be able to stop myself. As soon as he sees Gulab Jamun, he will eat about 100 Gulab Jamuns.
Ok? As soon as he sees Rasgullas, he will eat 100 of them. If he goes to a wedding, he will feel that after today he will never get food and he should eat extra. We call it son being heating disorder. In this way our heating disorder gets resolved. It has a square shape. Isn't it? One will remember about its scale, what will we do with the heating disorder inside it? To find out, use the scale.
This is called the Ascope scale.
What do you say? There is a tutor.
Sir must have taught you guys, or this tutor of yours, right? Useful for eating disorders. Used for screening.
In which do you take it? Eating disorder. Inside Eating Disorder Screening.
Inside Eating Disorder Screening. Let's take a cushion. What do you call this, son? Cushner. Isn't it? Questions are asked inside this. A total of five questions are asked in this. How many questions are asked, son? Five questions. So you'll notice what text we use in a question for that? Eating disorders and dis will. This is your complete discussion about that eating disorder. Did you understand till here brother? Hey, did you understand till here?
All children, comment quickly.
Sir, will there not be electrolyte balance inside Bulmiya Nervasa? It might be electrolyte imbalance brother. Wherever there is vomiting, wherever there is vomiting, hypokalemia will be seen there.
Hyponatremia will be seen. Ok?
Hypophosphatemia will be seen. We will get to see this, son.
Hypophosphatemia will be seen. Ok?
Endocrine changes will be seen here.
I have written that your LH level will decrease.
FSH levels will decrease. Is estrogen in the mail okay? Both T3 and T4 will decrease. But the TSA will appear normal. So, is the eating disorder complete? In this way we have completed the complete discussion about heating disorder.
Look at the next question, brother. What is the next question saying? A primary gavida A primary gavida is admitted to a breathing unit in the early level.
Gentle smile Ratika yes Shreya beta. That's ok. A primary givida is admitted to the breathing unit in early labor during the pelvic examination. The pale examination reveals that every service is 100% department has been done, 3 centimeters of the service has been diluted. The fetal head is plus one station What is the area of the pelvis that the fetal occupies Not engaged below the ischial spine Entering the pelvic inlet Visible at the vaginal opening Comment quickly fast Yes the patient can also have a sudden cardiac arrest If there is excess electrolyte imbalance in him then cardiac arrest can happen due to excess electrolyte imbalance How much are you saying Option number C Entering in the area Very good Shreya is saying B Jitan son, after thinking what did you answer C Ayush is saying C, after thinking what did you answer C Son, we have just read that our pelvis which is our pelvis and what do we have here? Ischial spines are present. What happens here? Ischial spines are present which are slightly rounded. They are less prominent in females. And if our head comes here. Ok? It comes on the ischial spine. So we call it zero station. What do you say son?
Zero station. If it is below this then we will call it +1 +2 +3 +4, if it is above this then -1 -2 -3 and in our question he has given +1, son, it means that what is our presenting part, 1 centimeter below the ischial spine, do n't get confused son, do n't make any silly mistake, so we will say the right answer, what will we say, below the ischial spine, did you understand till here? Hey, we have read that these are our ischial spines.
If the ischial is above the spine then it will come in minus. We will say above the spine. And if he is giving us data in plus then we will say below the spine. If one plus one is giving then 1 cm. Below the stable spine. 2 cm If he is giving then it is two cm. Below the stable spine. And if it is giving in minus then 1 cm. Above the spine. 2 cm Above the spine. In this way, if a stale spine is found, then we call it son zero station. Did you understand till here?
So its correct answer is option number B. Is there any problem even here? Let's move on to the next question. Look at the next question, brother.
What is the next question saying? The Nurse Provides Home Instruction. The Nurse Provides Home Instruction to the Parents of a Child. There is a child and that child has parents. What does the child have to do with it, son? It is Celier's disease. What's wrong with the child? It is Celier's disease. The nurse who teaches the parents about food is included in the item. The diet you are giving him, right? What will he include in his diet? Option number one is rice.
Take a meal, rice, toss or bread. Put the right answer son. They are saying that their parents should include food items in the child's life.
All children, comment quickly.
Then we will have a complete discussion about three digits.
Shailaja is saying, hey Shruti Rana, hey very good son, first of all let me tell you in detail about our celiac disease.
Celia disease son, what is this Celia disease, son? Your GI disorder of pediatric is a GIT disorder. GIT disorder of pediatric and what is this son, in this they are saying aspira, they are saying AC, very good son, Tamanna Ankita, very good, come on son, now see about CF disease, if we get a question on celiac disease and my identity is that even if I get four questions, but I try to cover the complete topic in it so that our children can move a little or two steps ahead and study so that even if we get any tough question, we can solve it, it may take extra time, there is no problem, did you understand till here, so see son, about celiac disease, which is celiac disease, son, how do we call it, also non-non-non, what do we call it, son, gluten entero, or we know it by another name, a tropical stupor, a Tropical stup is what we are talking about, oh yes son, okay, so we will say that our serial disease is known by two more names, Gluten Enterophysis and Atropica Screw, sir, what is the problem in it, then we will say that what is this, it is an autoimmune disease, what is it son, autoin or can you call it, what can you call immune mediated? Immune mediated immune mediated disorders. What is it son? It is an immune mediated disorder. What will we see inside the child who has our child inside him? Gluten susceptibility will be seen. What will we see? Gluten is genetically present, right? Glue susceptibility will be observed.
Gluten susceptibility will be seen. I mean, what is gluten protein, son? Gluten is a protein which causes allergy. Children, what happens to gluten protein? Allergies occur.
What will happen to him every time he eats glue protein? There will be allergies. Did you understand till here? So we call this gluten enteropathy. It is called atropic screw.
Son, this is an autoimmune disease. Isn't it? And what is this called?
Also known as immune mediated disorder, what happens to the glue protein in it?
Allergies occur. Now see what happens when this happens?
When there is an allergy to the glue protein, what will Leeds to Leeds do, son? So it gets these three things done. Firstly, it will damage your intestine.
Damage to the small intestine mucosa. It damages our small intestine mucosa.
What else will he do, son? This villi present in us will cause atrophy of the villi.
What will you get done? It will cause atrophy of the villus.
Now I will show you the image query from here. Apart from that, this material will cause absorption. Because our villi, son, work for our absorption.
So what will the absorption of the semen do, son? The material will cause absorption. It gets these three things done. Now try to understand what is the sir effect in it? So we will say, son, what happens to those who are our victims? Atrophy occurs.
What happens to Vilai here? Atrophy occurs.
Look, try to see this image question here, when you see the normal intestine in our serious disease, then when you do its microscopic examination, taking the lesson from there Kunal is saying, Sir you are the best teacher.
Thank you Kunal. Thank you son. Ok? So son, try to understand here that it is celiac disease. In case of celiac disease, son, look at what kind of normal villi will be formed inside you. Your normal villi are like this, son, inside the intestine, our normal villi are like this and what are there on our normal villi, these villi are present on the mucosa, what are these villi presented in this way, what do they do, they do the work of absorption, what do they do for absorption, now what will happen here as soon as the child eats gluten protein, what will happen to him, an allergic reaction will occur, photo auto antibodies will be formed and what will the auto antibodies do to them, son, they will blunt them, what will they do to them, they will blunt them, they will remove them from here, what will they do to our villi, they will either blunt them or what will they do to them, they will eat them and what will our villi be like, they will become like this, they will become like this and when the villi become like this, then what will happen to them here, they will become atrophied, see in this way when you If you look at normal villi, you will see this type of villi, but when you do a microscopic examination, what will happen inside the intestine? Son, what happens to the one who is vulgar? Entropy occurs. Did you understand till here? So the main problem is like this. As soon as he stops eating protein, wheat, gluten protein, etc., what will happen to his life? It appears again and what is the child? He can live his normal life. But what will he have to do to avoid it, son? Will have to avoid it.
What does he have to do with all the things containing gluten, in which gluten protein is present, he has to avoid all those things, did you understand till here, okay sir, so look, try to understand here what is gluten, try to understand here gluten enteropathy, I told you what it is called, you know it by the name of gluten enteropathy, so look, what does gluten mean, protein, oh what is gluten, it is a protein, amino acid, what is protein made of, son? of amylo acid.
Entero means small intestine.
Entero means small intestine.
And Pathy means pathology always means disease. So can we say who has protein allergy here?
Inside the small intestine. What is this to us? Disorder occurs. Did you understand till here? Let's move ahead. When we eat this gluten protein, what will be formed here, son? Glutamine.
Glutamine amino acid will be formed. What will happen? Glutamine will become amino acid and what will happen to it son? There will be metabolism. What will happen?
Metabolism will happen. And when metabolism takes place, a toxic substance will be formed here. What will happen? Toxins will start forming which we call bleeding.
What do you say? Bleeding. Underline it son. A toxic component is formed here.
What is made? Toxic component.
Toxic components are formed. And what do you call that toxic component? Did you understand the matter till here?
I will take you from zero to the end in this and after that you will be able to solve the toughest questions. Did you understand till here? So I have also explained to you in detail how and why gluten enteropathy occurs.
Because there is protein allergy here. What about the small intestine? This is a disorder. Hey, are you understanding till here son? Let's move ahead.
After that, Sir, what is this? There is a photoin disease. And when will we see it? When you do n't get to see him in the starting.
Hey, we won't get to see 10 years.
If I ask you, Sir, will we get to see these 10 years? You will not see it as soon as you are born. At least this will be seen after six months because what is there there? We start feeding him wheat porridge etc. Let's start winning. And when you start winning, only then will you see its allergy. Did you understand till here? So, if this is a disease, then write it down as disease appears, disease appears one to five years of age. This can be seen in children between 1 year to 5 years of age, so what can you do about it? You can find out. Did you understand till here? Okay son, after that if Sir asks you what are its clinical manifestations?
Clinical features, so look at the clinical features, what will be inside it? What will the body do as soon as it eats gluten protein? There will be an allergic reaction and due to the allergic reaction he will get acute diarrhea. What will happen son? Acute diarrhea will be seen. A state was created inside him.
How will the diarrhea be, son? There will be a state oria type of diarrhea which will be seen from inside.
Ok? Water will appear pale white.
How will I get to see it? Watery will be pale white. The school, son, will be watery, pale white in colour and will have an offensive smell.
How will it come? There will be an offensive smell. Did you understand till here? Offensive smell will be seen. Statoria, which is called Last North at Nine, was asked in the mains that what is seen inside Statoria? So we will say Sir, it can be seen from inside it, blood can also be seen here, it is okay inside it and what will be seen here, offensive smell, foul smell will be seen here, come after that what will be seen here, abdominal pain will be seen, what will be seen, son, abdominal pain will be seen, why, because whenever he has diarrhea, there will be electrolyte imbalance due to loss of electrolyte, till here you have understood, apart from that, will vomiting be seen here or in it.
What will we see? Vomiting will be seen. Second, if he does not eat food at all. Ok? And he will vomit as soon as he eats or if he does not get protein, then muscle wasting will be seen there.
What will we see? Muscle wasting will be seen. Son, where can I see muscle wasting specifically? At shoulder. It will be visible on his shoulders. You will see it on the butt.
What will we see? You will see it on the butt. Did you understand till here? Weight loss will be seen here.
What will we see? Weight loss will be seen. Ok? Osteoporosis will be seen. Osteoporosis will be seen. The most important thing to note here is that you will see port belly appearance. What will we see? Port belly appearance will be seen.
These are some clinical features in it.
Sir, how can you diagnose this? So sir, we can diagnose it by doing serological test.
What can we do by doing serological test, son?
can diagnose. And this is the best screening test among serological tests.
Best screening test. What are the best screening tests and what do we do inside them? Let's look at antibodies. What are you looking at brother? Do antibody tests. Do antibody tests. Did you understand till here? What else can be done? If asked about its gold standard test, if asked about its gold standard test, then you should tell them son, what is endoscopy done in it, endoscopy plus small intestine biopsy, small intestine biopsy and I told you that after taking the biopsy of small intestine, I just told you what will you see there, you will see villi, did you understand till here, ok, after that if I ask you sir, what is the management in it? So we will tell you sir, throughout your life you should avoid all those things where gluten protein is present.
We will write that you have to eat life long gluten three diet. What advice will you give him?
He has to eat a life long gluten free diet.
Ok? In this we will tell you what to avoid? He should not eat wheat. Barley, rye, oats, all these things are not to be eaten.
Bro, this is not food. Isn't it? If you can remember this from Bro. How will you remember? You can remember it from bro.
Parle, Rice Hot, Wheat inside the trick. Isn't it? You can remember it from bro. So what can we give to eat? What can Aloo do?
He is allowed. You can give him rice. You can give him corns. You can give him millet. You can give this thing to eat. Did you understand till here, son? Did you understand till here? This is your complete sickness. I hope you guys will understand.
All children, comment quickly. All children, comment quickly.
I have done a complete discussion on sick disease. Read more about Sick's Disease.
Santosh is saying teacher the confusion to confidentially amazing explanation thank you thank you Santosh thank you I understood brother in this way we have completed today's class what all have we studied today son firstly we have studied that how will sir approach a patient with hyperkalemia, we have had a complete discussion on that. Apart from that we did a complete discussion of ECG changes.
After that we had Sir Eating Disorders, all three eating disorders were anorexia nervosa and nervousness. Ok? And we had a complete discussion on your bean eating. After that we did it son what about?
About the isthmal spine. Ok?
Inside the spine, Kunal is saying, Sir, I enjoyed it. Hey, it should be fun, son. Isn't it? Yes.
Ok. It should be fun. Read less but read in detail. I told you to do 10 questions daily. But he himself will clear the entire topic with details.
You will be able to do approximately 200 questions from it.
Ok? What did we read after that, son? Complete discussion about Tillet disease. There will be no burden on this.
You will remember. Ok? Para Sir very good Aishwarya yes son let's go once very teacher thank you thank you Geetanjali son all the children must comment before leaving friend right there are no comments more than 25 approximately how many children are there right now 62 children watch us live so there should be at least 62 comments within 10 minutes all the children will make 62 comments brother yes Salgata original drawing mouse can be done son if we go to pharma then we will study it. It has many side effects. It is a matter of concern that Saltamol has many side effects. Thank you. Thank you Simran. Thank you. Hey son, all the children will definitely comment once.
I also get a little motivation. Otherwise sir says sir the children are not commenting at all.
This means the children are not able to understand. The children are not liking the class.
Hey, will you do it? Take my oath.
All the children are not lying.
Thank you Komal. Thank you son. Yes.
So we have completed today's class till here.
After that we will study tomorrow, in the next session we will bring previous year questions and topics of previous year. Thank you so much. Ok? ok but
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