5/12/2021 Types of Acids and Bases

Added: 2026-05-09

[00:00:09]hey guys good morning um so we are going to be finishing up our as the base unit today i'm kind of looking at our calendar and bear with me we are missing some people so i'm waiting on them to pop in through the lobby um so today we're finishing up all the notes we're going to be looking at the different types of asses and bases remember if you did not submit your indicators lab already you need to do so remember we'll kind of go over the numbers that you can do it's that number like 6 through 11 on the front of your part 2 homework that you can finish after today remember your homework's not due tomorrow if you go ahead and post it today i'll go ahead and start giving people access to the key so they can kind of check their answers tomorrow we're going to do a quick test review together and then you'll have a little bit of work time and remember your last test is on friday for me other than the final so that will be open all day kind of like normal you'll have access to your reference sheets in the calculator to use for your test so hopefully that's not terrible it's going to be kind of a full overview of everything we've done this unit whether it's looking at the types of acids and bases the properties um it could be the calculations with acids and bases a little bit everything mixed in there it also includes the solution stuff so it could have molarity dilution solubility curves so remember it does include both parts um your unit 10 part 1 quiz is graded for my guys so you can kind of go back and look at that and see if you're missing things um that way you can kind of check that overall so we'll kind of come back to that let's go ahead and get through the notes that way i can get you guys have on your way a little bit sooner so there are three main types of acids and bases um we have the arrhenius acids and bases these are what you normally think of as being acids and bases so according to arrhenius he stated that acids are hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize yield hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions so acids start with hydrogen and wherever they're in water they produce those hydrogen ions and bases are compounds that ionize yield hydroxide ions in aqueous solution so bases have hydroxide whenever they're put in water they dissipate and produce those hydroxide ions so that's our normal what we think of as being acids and bases where acids start with hydrogen bases end in hydroxide bless you people still writing so i'll give them a minute uh all right so with the arrhenius acids we categorize them as either being monoprotic diprotic or triprotic this is based off of how many ionizable hydrogens it has so if you remember back to nomenclature you have the prefixes with molecular the monodyne tri so monomet once this means that we have one hydrogen that's ionizable so there's just one hydrogen at the beginning of the formula so an example is the nitric acid the hno3 if it's diprotic that means it has two ionizable hydrogens so two hydrogens at the beginning of the formula so that would be something like sulfuric acid which is h2so4 and then we have the triprotic acid so triprotic is meaning that there's three ionizable hydrogens so three hydrogens that be in the formula like phosphoric acid which is h3 po4 so so right so then that lee oh and notice that not all compounds that have hydrogen or acids and not all hydrogens and acid can be released as ions so some examples of these so like not all compounds that have hydrogens are acid so like nh3 which is ammonia it does have hydrogen but it does not start with hydrogen so it is not an acid this is actually one of our common bases that's one of the things that we tested yesterday um and not all hydrogens in an acid can be released as ions so there are polyatomics that have hydrogen in them so we might come across something like acetic acid which is vinegar so it's the h c2h3o2 this is an acid but only that very beginning hydrogen only the hydrogens in front can ionize so you don't include the ones that are part of the polyatomic ion and in general only hydrogens and very polar bonds are ionizable so remember that's when hydrogen is joined with a very electronegative element so those are going to be the ones that are going to ionize and split whenever they're in water all right okay all right so that leads us into our second type of acids and bases so we said rnas is our normal acid-base definition where acids start with hydrogen bases have hydroxide then we get into our bronsted-lowry acids and bases bronsted-lowry theory defines an acid as a hydrogen ion or proton donor and the base is going to be a hydrogen ion or proton acceptor so remember a hydrogen ion is just a proton this allows us to include more bases than the arrhenius definition because we have things that don't necessarily have to have hydroxide that can be bases with the bronsted-lowry definition wow so remember ions and protons are the same so acids are hydrogen or proton donors and bases are hydrogen or proton acceptors so what we're going to notice with these is that one substance will lose the hydrogen from one side of the reaction to the other and then the base will gain a hydrogen from the reactant to the product side so these you're going to have to have kind of a whole reaction to determine if it can be an acid or a base so like i mentioned the ammonia the nh3 is a base um and that's because it's a bronsted lowry base so here we have an overall reaction that occurs when you put ammonia in water so ammonia in water is going to produce the ammonium ion and hydroxide now how we figure out what's a base and what's an acid is we kind of have to look at the pair of what it starts off as a reactant and what it becomes as a product to see did it gain or lose a hydrogen so like ammonia the nh3 turned into the ammonium the nh4 plus so you want to look at what's most common from one side the other so looking at what happened from the reactant side to the product side it gained a hydrogen so if it gains a hydrogen it is a base whereas water went from being water to hydroxide it lost a hydrogen from the reactant side of the product side so if it loses a hydrogen it is an acid so ammonia here is our bronsted-lowry base because it's gaining a hydrogen from the reactant side of the product side water is going to be our bronsted-lowry acid because it's losing a hydrogen from the reactant side to the product side um uh right [Music] okay so let's look at another reaction and see if we can kind of pick out the acid and base and everything oh wait hand i'm getting ahead of myself um with the bronsted bronsted-lowry acids and bases it turns into another particle on the product side so those particles are going to be referred to as conjugate acids or conjugate bases so these are always going to be on the product side so acids and bases are on the reactant side the conjugate acid and base are on the product side the conjugate acid is the particle formed after a base gains a hydrogen so the base turns into the conjugate acid on the product side where as our conjugate base is the particle that's going to be left over that's going to remain after the acid has donated the hydrogen ion so the acid gives up a hydrogen to become our conjugate base so these we refer to as conjugate acid-base pairs these consist of two substances that are related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion so bases gain one hydrogen to become the conjugate acid acids lose one hydrogen to become the conjugate base so hmm uh okay so here's that same reaction we just had of the ammonia and the water producing the ammonium and the hydroxide so we had said the ammonia the nh3 was the base because it gained a hydrogen from the reactant side of the product side so the ammonium that it becomes is our conjugate acid whereas we said water was our acid because it's giving up a hydrogen from the reactant side to the product side therefore it's acting or the hydroxide is going to be our conjugate base so it's never going to be an acid on both sides or a base on both sides it's always the acid forms the conjugate base the base forms the conjugate acid and whenever you're labeling these so there's part of your homework where it asks you a label what's the base acid conjugate based conjugate acid you can abbreviate them so like base will be b acid will be a conjugate acid can be ca conjugate base can be cv so that will save you a little space first have to write the whole thing out those are acceptable abbreviations uh all right so one thing that we'll notice with water so water is a molecule that it can either lose a hydrogen to become hydroxide which we saw in our previous reaction or it can gain a hydrogen to become a hydronium ion which a lot of times we'll see as like h plus since water can act as both an acid and a base it's what we refer to as amphoteric so amphoteric is any substance that can act as both an acid and a base and before we go on to the last type of acid i do want to do another example with you guys with the like um bronsted-lowry acids and bases and the conjugate acids and basis so let's look at this one we have hno2 plus water produces nitrite so no2 negative plus the h3o plus so this is something similar to what would be on your homework or on your test so it would give you a reaction and it wants you to identify these as the acid-base conjugate conjugate base so you kind of want to look and pair these up so see okay what reactant turned into what product so the hno2 is going to become no2 so that's one of those conjugate base pairs water is going to become this h3o plus the hydronium so looking at our first pair so the hno2 the nitrous acid changing into the nitrite ion the no2 you want to say okay what happened to it from the reactant side to the product side did it gain or lose a hydrogen so in this case it's losing hydrogen so remember if it loses a hydrogen it is our acid and whatever it forms after losing a hydrogen is our conjugate base we can then look at our other pair we can assume that it's going to be the opposite but you always want to double check so here we have water h2o that becomes this h3o plus so from the reactant side of the product side this is gaining a hydrogen so therefore this is our base and whenever it forms that hydronium ion that is our conjugate acid so that's kind of how you can break down and approach these questions is figure out what the pairs are and then see did it gain a hydrogen or lose a hydrogen so this is that example where water can act as a base whereas our previous example had water acting as an acid so hopefully that'll help you whenever you get to those couple problems on your homework so our third type of acids and bases and this one you're not going to need to identify the acids or bases it's just kind of knowing the definition so we also have lewis acids and bases so lewis looked at acids and bases in terms of what happens to the electrons so he's proposed that a base donates a pair of electrons during a reaction and the acid accepts that pair of electrons so we say that acids except a pair of electrons forming a covalent bond and bases donate a pair of electrons which forms a covalent bond and this one is kind of the opposite of usual usually the acid is donating something this one the acid is accepting that pair of electrons this is the one where it's reversed from every other pattern so okay so here's just kind of a chart comparing all three acid-base definitions so we said remember arrhenius is our normal acid-base definition where height where acids produce hydrogens bases produce hydroxides bronsted-lowry we said that acids donate their hydrogen ion bases except that hydrogen ion and then with the lewis acids and bases we said lewis acids except a pair of electrons bases donate that pair of electrons so remember lewis is the one that's the opposite instead of the acid giving up a hydrogen it's accepting that pair of electrons uh and that is our last slide so we're officially done with notes um i am going to pull up i'm letting a couple people finish writing i am going to pull up the homework just kind of go over what you can do on it um and remind you of a couple of things before i let you go all right so pulling this back over so on the part two homework remember we skipped over six through eleven those are the ones that you can do based off of today so the acid base types and identifying what's a con what's an acid-base conjugate conjugate base and like i said you can abbreviate that as needed so hopefully after the first day you did one through four after monday with the calculations you should have been able to do the rest of it remember the homework is not due until tomorrow but i know some of you guys are almost done so feel free to go ahead and submit those and i'll start posting the key for people in my class and miss kincaid's class that are finished that way they can kind of check over their work um have another friendly reminder um i mentioned this yesterday but there are remediations posted for units six seven and eight so that's the reactions the mole and stoichiometry so those remediations and you'll find them at the bottom of each module these are just remediation assignments that make you go through the content and practice the content again like i said if you got below a 60 it's a chance to get up to the 60.

[00:35:03]if you made more than a 60 it's a chance to add five points onto your test score for some of you guys that might make the difference between passing or failing is getting those test grades up so there's one for six seven and eight i know a lot of people especially had a rough time with stoichiometry so i might start there um if you're completely stumped and you're like i don't even know what to do with this that's where i would probably message me and set up some time to do office hours on friday even if i have to do like a group office hours with whoever can make it to work through some of the stoichiometry concepts um remember as with everything show your work if there's no work there's no credit that's where some of you guys are losing points because you're just writing an answer and i'm assuming you're just copying it from your neighbor because there's no work associated with it so those are open the stoichiometry one is due next friday the 21st um the other two the reaction and the mole are due on the 26th so those are completely optional you don't have to do it but for you guys that maybe plus you for you guys that maybe don't have the grade that you're happy with or you're failing and you need to get to passing i would suggest going ahead and start working on this so remember like i said review tomorrow test is friday um let me get out of the presentation mode looking ahead remember exams start next thursday so first period exam is next thursday the 20th ms kincaid's class is fourth period so their exam will be the 26th if you have any missing assignments those need to get turned in and fixed once the 26 hits we have to submit your grades we cannot keep taking stuff after the 26th so make sure to get it in get it taken care of um i told second period this i don't want to see any of you guys at summer school with me i love you but i don't want to see you so get it done get it taken care of that way you don't have to come to summer school with me other than that you guys have the rest of the period to finish up your homework you can go ahead and work on these remediation assignments you can work on any missing assignments use this time wisely um and get everything taken care of my guys at home i'll stay logged on if you still have questions but you are welcome to log off if you're good to go and i'll see you guys tomorrow you