Business studies

Añadido: 2026-05-20

[00:00:00]good morning students today in this session we are going to speak about method motion time fatigue and differential piece wage system so before going to these studies in the previous class we discussed about a functional form n ship in the standardization and simplification of work so under techniques of scientific management you have different concepts like functional form n ship standardization and simplification of work method study motion study time study ion fatigue study okay so we'll go to the concept that is method study so the objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job the objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job okay so while you do a particular job there are different methods through which you can do that particular job okay but according to Taylor he said there is one best way of doing any jobs are under method study the object of method study or objective of method study needs to find out one best way of doing the job so to determine the best way there are several parameters to determine the best way of doing a particular job there are different parameters or several parameters so when I eat from the procurement of raw materials right from the procurement of raw materials till the final goods are delivered to the customer so each and every activity is a part of method right from procurement of raw materials till the final product is delivered to the customer every activity is part of method study okay so the objective of this that is the whole exercise is to minimize the cost of production and maximizing quality and satisfaction of the customer this objective of this whole exercise is to minimize the cost of production I maximize the quality and satisfaction of the customer so for this purpose many techniques like purses start and operations research are used ok so in order to reduce the amount of time or in order to save the time in order to increase the production so when you save the time what happens the cost of production totally reduces the quality increases so there are like I told you there are different methods of doing one particular job ok so what you do is like you find out one best way of doing a particular job that is the easiest way of doing a particular job through which you can minimize the cost of production and also maximize the quality of the product ok so a tailor what it does it divides the concept of assembly line by using this method he devised the concept of assembly line by using this method so for example for designing the car for designing a car the assembly line production would entail deciding the frequency of operation place of man iron materials etc so all these all these are the part of methods to the so far designing a car for designing a car the assembly line production would enter deciding the sequence of operation so what is the sequence of operation so our process a little our sequence early production on a motor vehicle to operate of Baker so men material machinery internal our place seller Baku Baku place for men materials raw materials etc so in the first year I told you about plant layout so when the plant layout is fixed in a proper manner and the plant layout is made in a proper manner it becomes easy to increase the production of the organization the next concept is motion study so motion on the movement study so at a lesser is that Taylor says that with the help of the movement or by reducing the amount of moment which takes place in the organization the production of the organization can be a increased unnecessary words can be totally ready so motion study refers to study of moments motion study refers to study of movements like lifting putting objects sitting changing positions etc so these are undertaken while doing a particular job in the organization so lifting your Bodo putting object is about shifting your body changing positions your border so these are undertaken while doing a typical job in an organization so these unnecessary movements which happen in the organization can be eliminated this unnecessary movement can be eliminated so that it takes less time to complete the job efficiently so when this unnecessary movements are eliminated it takes very less time to complete a job efficiently so for this purpose what Dana did is he is associate Frank Gail but yes they came up with an experimentation where they could reduce the motions in brick layering they could reduce the motions in brick layering from 18 to 5 so first when they started this experimental they had to finish the work with 18 steps yes finally by reducing the unwanted steps unloaded substernal eliminate martha bundle finally they could finish the same work with just five steps but if i steps only in brick layering there and enough books about it - so Tyler demonstrated that productivity increased to about 4 times by this process yes he demonstrated that productivity increased Taylor demonstrated that productivity increased to about 4 times by this process ok so what are the possible find out by Taylor is one of the possible find out by Taylor the first one is the emotions which are productive in the organization first one is the motions which are product-type in the organization the second one is the motions which are incidental the motions which are incident first one is the motions which are productive second one is motions which are incidental and the third one is motions which are totally unproductive so unproductive and which is not of any use second one was motions which are incident and like going to stores or something so which are really incidental and the first one was motions which are productive so in order to know this what Taylor did is use stop watches and various symbols and colors to identify different motion so in order to identify different motions what he did this one is use stop watches various symbols eye colors for different movements so in order to identify the motion so through motion study through motion study Taylor was to able was able to design suitable equipments and tools to educate workers on their use it was able to design suitable equipments and tools to educate workers on their use ok so or because of this motion study it could find I could find a remarkable change in the organization you could find a remarkable change in the organization the next one is I mean study time study so it determines that is the time study provides the standard time taken to perform a well-defined job so you are there and kill some are back on road there is a fixed time or a well-defined time for a particular job or a standard time for any well-defined time okay so time measuring devices were used for each element of transfer for each and each and every element of task time devices various okay the standard time is fixed for the role of the task by taking several readings so they took the readings fault the working under standard time was fixed okay so like I told you there is a standard time on each kind of jobs takes a standard time in order to finish that particular thing okay now then Kelso mostly Kasich on the standard ie mentally repair yes okay so that has to be identified so the standard time is fixed for the OL of the task by taking several readings okay the objective the objective of time study is to determine the number of workers to be employed in the organization the objective of time study is to determine the number of workers to be employed in the organization so this also will help the organization to frame a suitable incentive schemes and determine the labor cost so what has to be the labor cost so what are the incentives which has to be given in the organization as well as the total number of employees who are to be used in the organization or total number of workers who have to be employed in the organization so for this it gives an example okay so on the basis of several several observations on the basis of several observations on the basis of the survey are several observations it is determined that standard time taken by the worker standard time taken by the worker to make one cardboard box is twenty minute and left with the employee when cardboard box and harmonica is Beco twenty minutes very cool so he takes 20 minutes to produce one cardboard box so one hardly is two boxes no more below twenty minutes and no other sixty minutes ago or in Barbuda he can produce three boxes and one window can tell me oh no three boxes on the produce marble do so let us assume that a worker as to put an eighth house of work in a shift okay so let us assume that a worker as put in eight hours of work in a shift and directing one are for rest inland so eight hearts only one nurse and Madonna detect monterosso it because seventy am in seven hearts okay so it becomes seven Hoss okay so welcome to seven us it is determined that in seven hast a worker makes 21 boxes at three boxes per her window grant le Mura on till maha seven hearts you get 7 into 3 it becomes 21 so a one day work early one employee will produce 21 boxes okay so now this is the standard task a worker as to dues it is this is the standard task on their bill again the cycles on the cut was 7 harsh in working time we there or working time alone in more because at that you will have to produce 21 boxes yes okay they produce 21 boxes that this window box get 20 minutes until a fixed monitor this one the box you get 21 I mean sorry warden the box you twenty minutes until he fits monitor a window day and read seven housework Moraga 8 has only one hearts rest not there or lunch ago that there so the remaining would be 7 has in 7 hearts it will be producing 21 boxes the next one is fatigue study okay so yeah in this verdict study we we all know that while we do a particular job continuously is we become tired yes we become tired physically as well as mentally while we do a particular job without taking rest okay so the reason behind taking rest is to increase or regain the stamina of then of an employ in the organization the reason for this risk is to regain regain the stamina and work again with the same capacity so one ear Eagles this time in or when it takes the rest in between or when it takes an interval rest interval in between it regains the stamina and that helps em to work again with same capacity that helps em to work with same capacity so this will result in increase the productivity so while an employee is given with rest in between but the employee is given that rest in between naviga now L Sigma theorist ago TV our gear Nagato no stamina regain our that there increase our data our productivity gonna increase our guitar so he will be able to work again with the same capacity this in turn will lead to increased productivity so fatigue study seeks to determine the amount and frequency of wrist intervals fatigue study seeks to determine the amount and frequency of rest intervals in completing the task yeah for takes today seeks to determine the amount of frequency of rest intervals in completing a task okay so normally for example normally in a plant work takes place in three shifts of eight hostage this work takes place in three shifts of eight hearts each each in a single shift a worker has to be given some rest interval to take as lunch or to go for a break okay so if the work involves heavy manual labor the work involves heavy manual labor then small pauses have to be frequently given to the worker so that he can recharge energy level for optimum contribution he can recharge s energy level for optimum contribution okay so there can be many causes for fatigue is of auto fatigue a Carnot embargoes one may be long working on sermon or employing the organization of local an organization works for a long heart then there are chances that you may get tired or sometimes there are chances that there are unsuitable working environment I wanna invoke involvement day of the unsuitable there so when there are no cordial relationship with boss is or the manager when there is no cordial relationship or a proper good relationship between a worker and a manager or the worker and the boss then there are chances that the employee the Lord put this efficiency flame okay so sometimes there are chances that there is a bad working condition so I lead by the working conditions bag bad and at that and the situation look what I own Agata even Lord put this efficiency to the fullest extent so such in rinses in good performance should be remove so when you remove these kind of in rinses which are available in the organization so inta undresses enough now reduce Moraga okay now that the efficiency of the organization increases