Nitriles (RCN) undergo reduction with sodium in alcoholic medium to produce primary amines (CH2NH2), while partial hydrolysis using alkaline hydrogen peroxide or concentrated acid under low temperature yields aldehydes, and complete hydrolysis with strong mineral acids produces carboxylic acids; isocyanides (RNC) reduce to secondary amines, and alkyl halides (RX) undergo nucleophilic substitution with various nucleophiles including silver nitrate (yielding alkyl nitrites), sodium alkoxide (Williamson synthesis for ethers), sodium hydrosulfide (yielding thiols), and sodium thiolate (yielding thioethers).
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AB TutorialAñadido:
now as as I said earlier our seein is a very important compound it is of immense ease so how it is now ah see and so if I go for reduction now if I use your sodium an alcoholic I'll call it is not as many Dias reduction remember that the name what I said men Diaz men Diaz the reduction it is activates okay then what I'm going to get the product now second is that if I go for partial hydrolysis personal uses means what I am going to do it is that I am going to go for hydrolysis in presence of that is a Cosme the other is alkaline medium alkaline hydrogen peroxide in ticket alkaline hydrogen peroxide or I can take it that is nothing but acid a concentrated acid under low temperature I can take it what is the product now the last is that I go for complete hydrolysis now here I am going to take a very strong acid mineral acid I dive into less it I'm going to take it here that is in presence of h plus h this can be a low temperature remember that okay so this is said to be s partial hydrolysis this is known as complete hydrolysis so she had to HOH I'm taking it so here you can see the three different products are regulated this is your reduction these two are hydrolysis this is partial this is complete hydrolysis okay now in man I am going to reduce this it is going to undergo reduction but I am going to get it ah CH 2 NH 2 that means it gives rise to one degree a mine so this is used for conversion so that if it will be asked to convert night rise to a - we can do this now next is if it goes for partial hydrolysis what I've been doing a mines are C 1 H 2 clear of ice and if it is complete hydrolysis to edit I'm going to get carboxylic acid now you can do it in this way also now I will listen very carefully RCN it gives you are CH 2 partial head reduces one step at a church here also if you do it catch your edge another one then it also gives you a sit either tuvalu essentially tuning it you'll get asset or first you can go to a mice then a mites to us it is a very very important one you will see will be used in your conversions we can see that so this is a very important but against a mindmap I've shown it to you that is how to do the reduction reaction and here it is hydrolysis you can do you can take any reducing agent but if I take sodium touch with an alcohol comes on as many as production in case of nitrites in case of my drugs Arizona's so in this way now lexis/nexis if I take isocyanides and if I go for reduction are and see if I go for reduction isocyanates then what I am going to get it I am going to get second drill - are NXT h3 this is your 2 degree amount so what is species nitrites on production gives what degree I mean and I so nitrogen reduction gives two degree away so this is a reaction insanity next is other reactions are also there of a better nucleophile for example you can see J bar raised when it reacts with potassium nitrate I need to draw the structure help you no need to write the molecular form see if you write the molecular formula then your answer may not be much I always prefer that you should write the structural form but is that your table key oh you know this is a structural form again it is an ionic compound highly compound B plus and this puts the product usage so let me when rx reacts with silver nitrate now cell one I had any draw the structure AG and no - this is structure of region or - this is you said when I trade this production acted this is an ID compound this is again a covalent compound it will be different shifted on the basis of electronegativity just in the previous case as I said you in nitrous and x-ray trains so what I am going to get it same thing plus X minus plus X minus so this is going to go with the negative one positive to the negative so what I am going to get it oh I know so I'll connect right plus KX here what I am going to get it that is ah no.2 plus HX what is this this is your nitro a lame and what I study this is this is your Alki nitrite so potassium I train the sodium at which will give you alcohol nitrite and silver nitrate will give you nitrile and of course this all and comic we can say that say this way this either this also is an avid and EPA file you can see that this particular one here the alkyne who is attached to the oxygen here that I can use tada nitrogen otherwise the molecular form is the same because of that okay this offseason I am getting equifax so two different reactions we got it so next one if you see the reaction if you see the reaction are X plus R - o na this is a next sodium alkoxide sodium alkoxide what I am going to get ah oh ah - plus an ax ah oh ah - plus enhance how it is a positive negative is positive this is negative ror death this is what this is an ETA this particular and this reaction is on as Williamson synthesis you study in ether chapter okay so many then our X reacts with ending Sh this is thio alcohol this particular - so what I'm going to very nice this is sodium hydrogen sulfide this is honest so this is an alcohol r sh + na x big incident so similarly when our X reacts with any s our - what I'm doing ah s our - + NX all these are nucleophilic sufficient reaction all these are NICU ability because let's see ah reacts with SR - and na reacts with X be considered in a here reacts with X we can see that is this particular reactions we are getting okay so this is - what Caillou ikura this a higher alcohol we can see okay next in the next thank you
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