Adjetivos Descriptivos

[00:00:00]¡Hola! Buenas noches. Yo soy Leydi and  tonight we are gonna talk about the Adjetivos descriptivos. Descriptive adjectives  in English. Now, what is an adjective? Well, an adjective it's a word that describes um  people, places, things, ideas. And in Spanish, the verb that we use to describe these people  things or ideas is the verb to be uh the verb SER in Spanish. And one thing that works different  with the adjectives in Spanish and in English it's that in Spanish the descriptive adjectives agree  in gender and number with the noun they modify, and this does not happen in English,  like in English you would say uh Peter is nice, Martha is nice, we are nice,  they are nice, everyone is nice. Now my adjective, which is nice is always the same, it doesn't  matter if the noun is masculine, feminine, plural, singular, it's always the same. Now in  Spanish, it has to agree with the noun or the pronoun they're modifying. For example: simpática.  Simpática is an adjective and it means nice.

[00:01:27]So, here I'm using it with a feminine noun which  is María. María es simpática. Here is my verb: ES. My verb SER, which is "es" the conjugation  for ella. So, María es simpática. My ending for um Maria is -a. Now, if my noun is  masculine like Juan, it will be simpático.

[00:01:55]Now, if my noun is plural, like they, it will  be simpáticos. Now, remember that when we are talking about a group of people, if it is  boys and girls, like mixed. It will be the plural masculine, we always go with the plural  masculine, like here it's ellos. Maria y Juan, um it's mixed female and male, so it's simpáticos.  Now, if I have two girls, at least two girls, uh it will be simpáticas. Now, there are some  rules in Spanish for the descriptive adjectives and it depends on the ending so if my adjective  ends in an -O, I have four additive forms. uh let's say Alt, which is tall, uh it ends in -O,  so it will be Alto for masculine singular Alta for feminine singular. Altos for masculine  plural and altas for feminine plural. Now let's say Pedro, let's work with Pedro. Pedro es  alto because Pedro is masculine and is just one.

[00:03:11]Don't forget that conjugation  of the verb SER. Pedro es Alto.

[00:03:21]If my noun is María, it will be María es alta.

[00:03:22]ending in -A. If I'm talking  about the kids, multiple kids, uh mixed female and male. It will be SON because  it's plural. It's not ES anymore, is SON altos -OS and if I have just females like las niñas,  the girls, it will be altas, -AS the ending.

[00:03:56]Now, if the noun ends in an -E or in  a consonant, we only have two forms: singular and plural because masculine  and feminine is exactly the same, like inteligente, it ends in  -E. Inteligente means smart.

[00:04:16]So, if I'm talking about Juan. Juan es inteligente. If I'm talking about  María. I mean Martha. Martha es inteligente. So let's see, there's no  change on the adjective here, it doesn't matter that Pedro is masculine and Martha is  feminine. The adjective is exactly the same, it only changes when it's plural. So los niños son inteligentes or Las niñas son inteligentes. Okay, we only have two forms if  it ends in -E and if it ends in a consonant, for example: difícil, it ends in  a consonant, which is difficult.

[00:05:11]uh I put some examples here uh like el  examen es difícil. We only have one exam uh or if we have multiples exams, it would be  the difíciles because we only have two forms again singular and plural masculine and feminine  it's the same. Now, if the adjective ends in -OR, well here, we need to memorize the endings for  example: trabajador, which is hard working a hard-working person, uh if it's masculine it  will be -OR. Let's say: mi papá es trabajador.

[00:05:56]My father is a hard-working  person, so the ending is -OR. Now, if I'm talking about my mom, it will be mi mamá es trabajadora.

[00:06:15]So we add an extra -A at the end. Now, if  it is plural uh all boys or female and male together mixed. The ending is -ORES. So, if I  want to say that my parents are hard-working persons, it will be: mis padres son,  because is multiple, trabajadores.

[00:06:38]Now, I'm gonna talk about a group of  just girls, let's say: mis hermanas, multiple more than one and feminine.

[00:06:55]Mis hermanas son trabajadoras, my sisters are  hard-working persons. Okay? Now, the position.

[00:07:03]The position of the of this kind of adjectives  is also different from uh English in Spanish.

[00:07:13]In English, you will put the adjective before the  noun and you would say things like: the big house, the red car, the nice lady. Well in Spanish,  most of the time, it goes after the noun or after the pronoun they're modifying. So you see  how we have :el examen es difícil, it goes after.

[00:07:40]Um, there are some exceptions and I'm gonna,  we're gonna go over them right now. If it is an adjective of quantity, if it tells you how much or  how many, this adjective goes before. For example: Hay muchos libros en la biblioteca, muchos is my  adjective of quantity, it tells me that there's a lot, so we put it before my noun. My noun is  libros, books. So, there are too many or there are many books in the library. Uh, in this second  example: hablo con dos turistas puertorriqueños.

[00:08:23]Well, this dos is my adjective of quantity, it  tells me how many tourists, so I speak with two Puerto Rican tourists, so "two" goes before the  noun they're modifying. Okay? Now, we have three adjectives that work a little different. We  have grande, this is not a quantity additive, it's just a descriptive adjective. We have  grande, which means big. Now grande if you put it before the noun, it's gonna shorten to  grand and the meaning is going to change, it doesn't mean big or large anymore, it means great.  For example: Don Francisco es un grande hombre.

[00:09:14]This the meaning of this sentence is that Don  Francisco is a great man because we put the adjective before, so it's not big anymore,  it's great. Now, let's do uh the other way, after the noun. Don Francisco es un hombre  grande. Now, I'm saying that Don Francisco is a large man, is a big man. Okay? Now we have  um bueno and malo. Bueno means good and malo means bad, but for bueno and malo we have two  options and the meaning is exactly the same, it doesn't change like grande, it will be the same  meaning, so if you put it before: buen, if you put it before, it's gonna change to "buen" and if  you put it after, well it's bueno. Let's see this example: Joaquin es un buen amigo, Joaquin is  good friend and Joaquin es un amigo bueno, Joaquin is a good friend. The meaning is exactly the  same, Now with malo, which means bad in English, we can also put it before or after the noun.  Here my noun is día, day. Hoy es un mal día.

[00:10:40]If we put it after, malo becomes mal, if we  put it after, it will say: hoy es un día malo.

[00:10:40]Both of this sentences mean that today  is a bad day, it means exactly the same.

[00:10:58]Okay, now, uh the last thing that we're gonna  see today is the adjective of nationality and there are some rules for them too  and they're pretty much the same.

[00:11:12]Um okay, so unlike English, in Spanish, we  don't capitalize the adjectives of nationality.

[00:11:20]We do capitalize the name of the country, but  not the nationality. So if I said: I am Mexican, Mexican is in lower case. I mean I'm sorry.  Yo soy mexicana, mexicana is in lower case, but if I say: yo soy de México, I am  from México. México is capitalized.

[00:11:43]Okay, so here we have some examples in Spanish  and in English. Uh you see how we capitalize them in English and we don't in Spanish? Now,  if your adjective of nationality ends in -O like chino, Chinese, cubano, Cuban, mexicano,  Mexican, italiano, Italian or ruso, Russian, We have four forms. It ends in -O is  masculine, it ends in -A, it's feminine, it ends in -OS is masculine plural, it ends  in -AS is feminine plural. For example: Let's use mexicano with my  example. Yo soy mexicana because I'm a female and I'm just one,  but if I'm gonna talk about my dad.

[00:12:51]Uh the ending is -O. Mi papá es mexicano because he is masculine. Now if I'm gonna  talk about my dad and I, it will be: nosotros somos because we are Mexicans.  Nosotros somos mexicanos. Now if I'm going to talk about my mom and I,  two females, it will be: mexicanas.

[00:13:21]So, if you are... The next rule, if  your adjective of nationality ends in -E like estadounidense, from the US,  nicaragüense, Nicaraguan, Nicaraguan.

[00:13:32]I cannot pronounce that.  costarricence, canadiense, Canadian. If it ends in -E you have two options:  singular and plural. It is the same for feminine and masculine. So we're gonna talk about  Marta. Marta is uh Canadian, you're gonna say: Marta es canadiance. We are gonna to talk about  Peter. Pedro es canadiense, it's exactly the same.

[00:14:09]Now if it ends in a consonant  like español, Spanish, to make it feminine you need  to add an -A, like you can say: Pedro es español, but if  we're gonna talk about a girl, it will be: Marta is española, but  if we have two girls, Martha y María son, because is plural, españolas.

[00:14:46]Okay, but let's see what happens when we  have two males, we don't say españolos, instead of adding -OS, we add -ES, so it will  be: José y Pedro son españoles. So if it ends in a consonant and you want to pluralize  it and it's masculine, you add -ES.

[00:15:16]Now, I wanna just say one more thing before I end  the video and that is: estadounidense, you don't have a word in English for this. This means from  the U.S, now here you will say: I am American, but in México or other Spanish-speaking countries,  América is the whole continent and we specify like if you are from the US, we say estadounidense, so  we have a very specific word for that, if you're from the U.S. Uh because if you say I'm American,  in Spanish, if you say: yo soy Americano, well, it means the continent, you  are from the American continent. So, to be more specific you just say: yo soy  estadounidense and that is I am from the U.S and it is since it is in an -E, we only have  two forms: singular and plural. If you're a boy uh you would say: yo soy estadounidense.  If you are a girl, yo soy estadounidense.

[00:16:19]But if it is plural, nosotros  somos estadounidenses.

[00:16:30]Okay, so that was uh that's it for today.

[00:16:34]Um I hope you understand the adjective of uh  nationality and the descriptive adjectives uh we're gonna see the possessive  adjectives in another video. See you!