Global observing needs in the deep ocean

The Deep Ocean Observing Strategy (DUCE) addresses critical gaps in deep-sea monitoring by coordinating global observing efforts below 2000 meters, focusing on three main science goals: ocean circulation and heat transport, ocean tracers and biochemistry, and deep-sea biodiversity; the strategy works with GOOS Essential Ocean Variables to integrate diverse observing platforms including moorings, Argo floats, satellite data, and emerging technologies like smart cables, while fostering partnerships with industry and international bodies to address human pressures such as seafloor mining and climate change impacts on deep-sea ecosystems.