This lecture covers multiple topics in science and technology, including emerging infectious diseases like norovirus (resistant to disinfectants, transmitted through oral-fecal routes) and Disease X (a hypothetical pandemic pathogen), alongside medical innovations such as India's first indigenous antibiotic Naphthromycin (developed to combat antimicrobial resistance), proton therapy (a precise radiation treatment for cancer that minimizes damage to healthy tissues), and the glycemic index (a measure of how quickly carbohydrate-containing foods raise blood sugar levels, ranging from 0-100). The course also discusses A1 vs A2 milk (genetic variants of beta casein protein affecting digestion), diabetes types (Type 1 and Type 2), and the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission for healthcare digitization.
L10. CURRENTS MARATHON 2026 - 2027 | SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | DR. RAVI AGRAHARI SIR | BILINGUAL |Added:
Unity means where we Health and Disease Multiple Immunizations Programs that we have in India.
OK, about the ones that have been in the news.
We will see here. So let's see What all things have happened. First, we talk We will talk about neuromorphic devices.
Ok? This is a very interesting thing where But to a computer system and so on. Ok? We Can be connected to things like brain.
By the way, it will become more clear to you.
When we explain the concept further. but from the same This is a similar concept. In Institute of Science ISC bore which you must have heard He broke a scientist reported through the neuromorphic computing Some information is given about it. ok he It is said that a memristor is a semiconductor The device is. where some metal organic Films has been used in place of silicone. Ok?
Remember this term. Memristor Semiconductor devices were used. Ok?
Okay, and this is exactly the same kind of memristor.
Is. Memristor that is completely yours He will mimic. Mimicry means your copy Will do. The biological brains are the same kind of process we're doing this neuromorphic Will perform through computer. Ok?
Now what is a memoirist? That Speaking of memristors, Memristor is a type of electronic component that converts electric current electric current in circuits etc. The electric current that flows It controls. So, understand it exactly like this Just like the brain is the controller of everything inside our body.
Regulate all information and It controls. Because of that the body The response comes. Exactly that's why The work here is done by the memristor.
Is. Ok? It's totally a mimic.
It is a copy of the human brain. Now from this What is the benefit going to be? So the first thing Its structure and function are exactly the same.
It will be like the human brain.
Ok? And if we tell this directly then this is complete The whole concept of this Neuromorphic computing or Known as neuromorphic engineering Are. So if your paper has neuromorphic Computing or neuromorphic engineering You will catch the words as they come. This There are some types of memristors that have been developed.
to be done. It does exactly the same thing Like the human brain. That is, in a way In some computing systems, this type of Things have been developed. their own ego Hardware should have its own software There is software with the help of which they Perform the work. Ok? like our The body consists of neurons, synapses are, similarly this too is done by those who signals are sent, etc., similar to The terms are used here as well.
Ok? Let's move ahead. Neuromorphic How do computing work? So you Let me tell you, this is actually a kind of packing neural network.
They are like networks. Packing Neural What is a network? many Neurons have synapses with each other which connect and send signals through which are present inside the body of a normal human.
Similar works are done here also.
So here's a spiking neural network.
Was named. exactly the same kind of work as it does inside the human body Neurons work. spiking neural Actual spiking neurons in the network Who do we call me? Joe with notes area where neurons The distance that exists between us is called It says notes. where impulses proceed Let's grow. Ok? So here in the same way But the synapse here will be Sara's.
Sara who talks about the structure of neurons What is happening is not natural. That's Sarah's It's all synthetic. Artificial synapses Things will be managed by. Okay, right?
And let me tell you, it is quite energy efficient.
And there will be a powerful computing system. Correct Isn't it? which we call neuromorphic computing Known by the name of. And let me tell you right So things like this, in a way, if we If we look at it, we have AI and robotics.
If you want, e-skin means skin etc. You can put some chips etc. inside it. These This is how you can see the brain machine interface system.
It will work in what we call neuromorphic Are. Ok? If you people have behind You might have heard topics like biotech etc. There you have something like a brain computer interface I have told you things earlier also. Ok?
I have also told you earlier. Ok?
You can go to the misconception topic in Biotech.
There's a discussion about brain computer interface.
I have told. Same thing in India References Known by the name. what work do? Let me show you. here You can see a lot of things.
What are neuromorphic devices?
There is potential application. which ones Can you work in the regions? So the first Look at you artificial intelligence In the area. Okay, right? artificial AI models in the field of intelligence and so on Pay based on deep neural network, right?
Work on the principle of deep neural network do. That means now we can connect it with AI.
Are. Second, work in the sector of robotics do. Ok? Work in the field of robotics do. Or should I say it anyway, A Robotics There is an example of a kind of AI.
Trust Areas of AI. electronic skin In etc. we mean such devices Electronic Skin What If Looking at neuromorphic devices So we can apply it inside the skin also.
We call it e-skin. Because of this What happens is that we have a lot of options like detect the touch, pressure, other stimuli that They are present in our skin. that kind of We study things through these machines.
You can do that, which is a big thing. Ok?
can be done by machines which are very large It's a thing. Please keep this in mind also. You will keep listening You are what things are coming. Ok? Ahead See. What's the next concept?
brain machine interface about which you I have a request on a miscellaneous topic.
or by doing a brain computer interface You will get the topic in the name of Regari.
Will go. Okay, right? brain computer interface has already been talked about. Ok?
Things that are going on inside the brain The signal will go directly into the computer and Because of those signals from the computer, All the functions that will be performed Will be. Pattern recognition means we speech with any kind of patterns etc. Will be able to do recognition. Pace Recognition Tax Will find. will introduce faces and Can also understand information about any object etc. Are. Okay, right? So pattern pattern and so on All these things will become quite easy to understand.
With the help of neuromorphic computing. Keep this in mind.
Ok? With the help of neuromorphic Computing. So neuromorphic Computing is a new generation thing.
where your body and brain and Computers will be added. Completely Let me tell you, this is exactly what brain The computer interface is called Neuralink Project Elon Musk is working on it. ok next The topic is norovirus. What is norovirus?
Look at the incident of neurovirus.
This was seen in the US in winter in December.
In 2024. Ah, some cases came up and a little bit See what this is?
There is gastrointestinal illness.
Gastrointestinal means the same as your There is a problem with elementary canolas.
Gastrointestinal illness. Fine. here What happens is that your stomach and The inner valve of the intestine They become inflamed. There is swelling She goes. This causes severe vomiting and Conditions like diarrhea occur. even the most Let me tell you a big thing that if you have Nora virus Resistant to many disinfectants. Meaning If you take a lot of medicines any effect against him It doesn't happen. considerable resistance in have been observed in neuroviruses. Even Let me tell you that if you eat food etc. well Cook it or have chlorination water in it These Nora viruses also do not die. Ok No? and even some sanitizers etc. It was also observed that they also had Nora virus There is no effect of. So this There is a problem because they can easily kill them.
To be able to do it means it is not possible. Even this easily If seen from a distance, they also spread. it Do you know the immunity of our body?
And so on. Ok. that immunity and so on It also weakens the body. Nora viruses.
Ok?
Apart from this, if we look at how the transfer It happens? from an infected person Contaminated surface from a healthy person Or it gets transferred through food.
Viruses can be primarily transmitted orally.
Fecal roots. Ok? Oral and fecal routes, etc. Transfer was done through. This which There were viruses that came from waste etc. or Then if a human etc. sneezes or coughs Because of that, the things suspended in the air Things come from there. Ok?
It was even said that as if How are the diseases spreading? So There are cruise ships etc., nursing homes There are dormitories and other There are closed spaces where people come and go And some people get infected. There Diseases can be transferred to others through She goes. Some things in case of Nora virus Let me tell you more. Who are the most infected people?
Those who have low immunity Children and the elderly. At the moment, all ages People in the group get infected. But Where will you get more symptoms? children And to the elderly. and children and the elderly Whatever is always in everyone's house, No? Everyone should take extra care of their safety Needed They have low immunity.
Always keep this in mind children. Symptoms Diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain Having gastrointestinal problems Various types of symptoms occur. I have already Said there are no vaccinations of any kind in these Not there. So if there are no vaccinations then How do you treat it? according to which If symptoms appear then fever is occurring Take the pill. cough cold fever like that It is a thing of. medicine for cough and cold Take. So this means symptomatic treatment It happens. If I tell you approximately, then Nearly 500 Children Die Every Year Due To Diarrhea caused by the virus. be because of this Used to be. Ok? These are some of the things that you It was in front. Attention about Nora virus Please keep it.
You will find its cases mostly in the US.
Which I have shown here in front of you.
The next concept is Disease X Congo.
Know from. Know the meaning of Disease X What is it? like there are some things Let's assume it is clear. Let's get into math What is? Nothing, suppose there are x and z.
So exactly this is a disease in which Nothing is very clear about it.
So WHO called it Disease X.
Is. Isn't it? Big interesting name disease X. If enough people hear it, you'll think it's What does Disease X mean? Disease X means this for many reasons Diseases occur. Isn't it? and very The exact reason is not known. This The disease is called XX. Same This disease is found in areas of the Republic of Congo.
Was seen. Okay, right? Now come December 2024 In 2024. Ok? The outbreak is democratic There would have been approximately 400 deaths in the Republic of Congo.
Is. Ok? There are approximately 400 deaths and The reason behind this is disease.
X. Disease X, I already told you.
is a hypothetical term that is assumed By WHO in 2018. Here, therefore, it It's called Disease X. X and Z mean right now Let's assume there is an unknown pathogen that different types of cells in our body It creates problems and this is global.
It is a pandemic. Okay, right? global pandemic Is. Spreads all over the world. Okay, right?
And the maximum happens from 2014 to 2016 First, West Africa, where Ebola-like Diseases had come. Okay, right? 2014 to 16 in the same areas as West Ebola like Ebola in Africa Illness had come. Its emergence in those places I believe. What would cause this? So here I am not very sure about it. say something There are viruses, there are bacteria, There are parasites, fungi and prions.
Any of these causes disease.
View 300 Emerging Diseases from 1940 to Today Have gone. And 70% of the diseases are There are zoetic. That is, through animals only.
Moving forward. Humans are having it.
What are risk factors? mostly where Diversity is the region. trees and plants etc. In a place where health care is not good.
Like in Africa Africa okay? Global There is connectivity. The world today is globalized Everywhere is connected. Xotic Spill Overs Yes, there are deforestations. Agriculture, Antimicrobial resistance, bioterrorism, Lab accidents, climate change, Complex predictions. All these reasons It is believed that this disease is caused by It's progressing, which you know as Disease X.
Know from.
Look at this photo on Disease X. very much Well, I have a photo I can show you.
So, the term disease X is used by WHO To describe an unknown pathogen. I….to you Already told and a serious epidemic And this is a pandemic disease. a serious It is an epidemic and pandemic disease. Xotic There are viruses. Most Likely People Believe This It is a zoonotic virus. These by Animals Transfer takes place. But so far its about viruses and whatever Don't know. Ok? And more of these Potential is disease is straightforward, right?
Directly through animal, you mean human Chances of spreading in the body are higher Are. If we look at the Latin virus, some people It's called permafrost and so on.
Like the ice that melts when Not in those areas, in the polar areas, there also these virus such things are happening Which changes with the change in weather as well as climate Along with the changes, many mothers They are effective. million years in which Earlier all these things were there at that place.
Talking about synthetic viruses Some people say it might be a laboratory etc. is being prepared. yes Maybe some artificial intelligence Prepare for some such viruses with the help of Whatever is being done is something like this Isn't it like this if we look at the diseases So it is possible that we can make it together in the lab also.
Can. Well, look at what happens in the lab There are synthetic viruses, aren't there?
genetic codes or sequences like this If they are kept then getting them treated is so much It is not easy. I will tell you this first Should I give it? Ok? To be able to treat them so It is not easy. Moving on to the next concept Are. Its name is tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is a lung problem.
Which you call TB in common language.
Are. Ok? So this is called TB or Known as tuberculosis. This one It is a bacterial disease. Ok? Watch March 20 March is in 24, right?
It's March 24th, right? This is the word Observe Tuberculosis Day. That is to say, it means On 24th March we will celebrate the World Referring to Tuberculosis Day by name Are. I believe. The theme for 2025 is Yes We Can and Tuberculosis Commit Invest and Delivered. And you should know about India.
The target is to eliminate tuberculosis from India.
To do in 2025. And the target is from the world Removal from 2030. This is a statement from WHO. And India has taken steps to eliminate tuberculosis What is the time kept?
20202 Even the President of India National Mission to Eliminate Tuberculosis Undertaking the Tuberculosis Elimination Programme came and public awareness in it initiatives and cases of tuberculosis Which has decreased in the last decades. Is No? Try to reduce it further in the future is in. Tuberculosis is a bacterial There is an infection. The bacteria that causes it, Its name is the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Ok? First the lungs It infects the. After that mainly then this Infects the lungs. after that go Your abdomen, glands, bones, and nerves The system is also effective.
Ok? How does this disease occur? So if Someone in the household has tuberculosis, Should he wear a mask or something?
He should be at home on the side so that the children And its effects on other elderly people I should not come so that they remain safe. So Like airborne transmission is coughing Sneezing, the droplets it produces, etc. The particles of the phlegm they have Those who suspend in the air. Okay, right?
snoring coughing of infected people all this that things are suspended in the air Come into contact with others. These Bacteria are transferred into them Are. Ok? Now look, let's move on here.
There are more ahead of this. Just pay attention here Give. If we talk about the symptoms Learn about tuberculosis. here Like cough coming intermittently more than three times Weeks after that these things start and blood etc. also comes in close proximity In this. Ok? weight loss at night Sweating, high fever, belching, all these All the symptoms appear. Other than this Meaning your characteristics that you see would have been. Loss of appetite, chest pain, Swelling of lymph nodes etc. These All the symptoms that you Can be seen in tuberculosis. Even In cases of tuberculosis, many There are treatments that are preventions that are adopted. Like a curable is with Antibiotics are used to cure it is done. 6 to 18 months of meditation One has to keep taking medication. and one more There is a vaccine which is BCG. Bacillus Calmitigin vaccinations, which are also given in childhood Let's go. What does it do in general? Who This happens to infants and children.
Prevents diseases from occurring. so Vaccinations throughout childhood It should be applied completely. This thing is attention Please keep it. It is a matter of their own life.
Ok? They have no chance of living their entire life.
There should not be any kind of problem. And the second big thing is when These things are developed, when this thing is developed Then why shouldn't we apply it to our children?
Ok? When their precautionary measurements and Such vaccines are available. See There are many types of tuberculosis. At present What we were talking about was mostly common.
Pulmonary tuberculosis. Ok? Second Latent tuberculosis and the third is active Tuberculosis. Ok? which is pulmonary Infects the lungs and more It is dangerous. It is impressive. Yes and symptoms It comes to this. But the latent What happens in them? The Immune Controls the system. which bacteria Does that happen, okay? But don't eliminate it Can be done. This is not infectious.
Ok? And its symptoms also do not appear.
Ok? Third, who has active tuberculosis?
They say? The Immune System Fails to Control The infections along with it spreads. Correct Isn't it? Here the immune system fails.
Is. So this is how control control the Infections along with it to spread. here The infections that occur, yes, there are symptoms in this Let's come. At present, the tuberculosis which we are He was talking about pulmonary It was tuberculosis. Got it? that pulmonary It was tuberculosis. Now if we Skip to highlights Tuberculosis What is happening in India? So The incidence of tuberculosis in India They have reduced. You see, in 2015 There were 237 people per lakh. Ok? And now this number It has reduced to 200 lakhs. That is approximately 16% To see in case of declined tuberculosis has got it. tuberculosis motility It has reduced considerably. Ok? mean mortality rate It has reduced considerably. treatments etc. They are good. If you are told, very All treatments are adopted. Multi Drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment Where the success rate is 74%. Pre Extensively drug resistance The case of tuberculosis there is 68%.
There is a case of extensive drug resistance Which is in 4 actuals which actually The medicines for tuberculosis The bacteria that have been developed They gradually gained immunity.
She goes. Ok? There is MDR, XDR, right?
All these things are included in XDR Plus.
So gradually a new dosage of medicines is being developed.
are done. Due to which in those bacteria which Immunity has come, they get it from immunity.
Have to test it. and another new dose The effect will create bacteria, meaning they will be anti-bacterial.
These vaccines etc. will be made into drugs If you make it, it will be very effective for them.
So here there is a different level Resistance develops and if the drug tuberculosis with resistance So saving life is more dangerous.
That's why I'll tell you this is always said that is if you have tuberculosis If you are taking treatment then take medicine in between I will not stop you. So these are different levels of drugs.
There are cases of resistance. And this MDR Etc. questions in your Mains paper This was asked 10-12 years ago. state Look at the tuberculosis performance wise Best Performance Himachal Pradesh, Odisha And Gujarat's lowest performance if If we look elsewhere, Punjab, Bihar and It is in Karnataka. That means here You have a little more tuberculosis cases.
Can be seen. This is the thing that I I had to tell you.
Ok everyone, let's move ahead.
The next concept is monkey pox. of M-pox Know by name. And monkey pox always It has been an important topic. You guys know very well well. It is always an important topic every Year. But if you look at this now, don't question it.
I have not received any questions on this Amox.
About this. M Pox every year I give you I do it in the discussion. Yes, but so much There is definitely a new report about Ampox.
Has come. It is also sexually transmitted Is. Suppose a man or woman has If there is sexual contact with her So this disease spreads there.
This is what I wanted to tell you. Ok? This is a new The report came out that you need to know. Ok?
Ok? Scientifically [ __ ] Scientific Communities call this thing we pox should be given the level of sexuality Transmitted diseases. We should believe. That The gene that causes the virus is in the group it belongs to Its name is Orthopox virus. And To be honest, this is also a kind of zotic.
It is a viral disease. Okay, right? This is also a kind of Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease It is known as a virus. into what It happens? Like pox. smallpox We used to speak in the village. of the same kind Rashes etc. appear on the skin. Ok? Your on your face, on your palms, on your hands, on your Soles and feet come in all these places.
The first human case was seen in 1970.
also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Was seen. First Case Was Identified In this period of time. Isn't it? First case It was seen here. If we Talking about subtypes, there are two of them There are subtypes. We call him a Clade one and one is called clade two.
Cough is a more serious illness.
It happens. which generally causes such diseases You can find it in Central Africa.
Is. Okay, right? If I tell you more about this, This is a more serious illness. Isn't it? donation clade two and clade two whatever happens it tells you Generally found in East Africa Is. Ok? And if we talk about the whole The most widespread in the world This is the global outbreak of Clade Two.
MBUX which is being seen from 2022. But clad to what it is it is what it is a it Is a less dangerous than the clad one. this stuff Please take care.
Talk about the transmission of Amox If I do it, I just said that whatever is notified then People should be aware of this when they come in contact with animals.
It happens. Ok? to touch them, their staying in touch would have been things like this Are. Even apart from this, if there are any injuries etc. Is it somewhere in the skin or mucus?
These viruses are in your membrane etc. Easily enters the body.
Ampoules can be passed from one person to another.
During sexual contact. This new There is a report. Because of this, Ampox again It was in the news this year. and even pregnancy etc. If I were to tell you, the fetuses that Children are born from the mother's body to the children The disease also spreads across the placenta. it Also keep in mind that these are very dangerous things.
Are. Generally it happens that even if one Protects the child from various diseases She takes it. But it is not so here. Here But it is not so. Please take care. here There are many symptoms. skin rash, Mucosal lesions, inside the body Fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, energy Decreased blood levels, swollen lymph nodes, etc. Jana, these kinds of things happen. Ok No?
Mpox symptoms of roll on their own Without a need for treatments. there are no Specific treatments are here. So We do the same here also. Symptomatic Take treatments. body immunity try to make a saving and you Try to save with symptomatic treatment I said it later. in accordance with which Medicines according to the symptoms that occur Let's take it. There is no proper vaccine or The medicine is not available.
Look here, I did a little discussion.
where you get small pox, monkey pox And chicken pox is a comparative of these three.
You can see the study. All three viruses It is different. Its name is Variola virus.
Its name is monkeypox, the name of the virus is Varicella virus. Jester virus. Varicella or Varicella zoster virus. The severity of this Smallpox is highly severe.
Offine it is fatal. take your life goes. M pox is milder. donation Smallpox is rarely fatal. Chicken Pox is mild. Too much death It doesn't happen. In this you save life.
If we talk about small pox, it is It ended in 1980. If you saw this Chicken pox still occurs today. Common Child to Dilness is. Less Common Due To Vaccinations. Nowadays its vaccination is being developed So this type of chicken pox etc. Will not meet. Smallpox is gone and monkey pox you just saw Central Africa, Eastern Africa, In West Africa, you will find Cases are emerging here.
The transmission was highly contagious.
respiratory system droplets and so on Through were coming into your body. This is also highly Contagious are respiratory droplets and There is a crack somewhere due to an injury or something else.
So this is how your viruses get transferred. it Infected animals are also in the same way etc. or if the gun has exploded somewhere then there These transfers also take place. If we small Talk about pox and its symptoms Fever, Headache, Severe Fatigue, Vomiting, Deep Seated pus filled asses, right? wherever There are rashes where pus etc. comes out.
Are. You will get the same here also. fever It will happen, there will be fatigue. The Loss of Appetites Followed by an itchy and fluid filled rushes.
What's in it? There would be rashes etc. And there are small pus type things in it.
It is made. More pus is formed here.
Things like water are coming here. Correct Is? It causes fever. Monkey pox, Headache, Swelling, Lamp Notes and more There are rashes and so on. in different stages Different types of rashes are seen. Monkey In pox. Vaccination is no longer needed Because the disease is over. his Routine vaccinations take place. in childhood itself Lag jaata hai and adults who have not have Chicken boxes are also fitted to them and this Not Routinely Recommended May Be Given Too High Risk Individuals. Ok? here I told you about symptomatic treatment.
It is done in monkey pox. This is one This is a small comparative study. At the moment you Just look at monkey pox and today chicken pox It happens. This concept actually I have brought the topic from monkey pox I have brought it connected.
Neglected Tropical Diseases. something like There are diseases that have been neglected.
Ok? You might be able to understand it only through neglect.
And it's tropical, so you'd understand.
Mostly near those countries where there is little There is heat and so on. Ok? which ones Diseases that are placed in this category We will talk about that.
Ok. We will talk about this here do. What is? Let me tell you.
Neglected tropical diseases are always in the news.
Used to be. This time also it is in the news. Even Remember this topic forever. India If we look at it also, then progressing towards Eliminating Neglected Tropical Diseases Like India is moving ahead. this kind of India on the verge of eliminating diseases Wherever there is political support, Community Involvement and Regional Cooperation Are being taken. where regional cooperation Are being taken. Neglected Tropical How does WHO define disease? Is.
Let me tell you. Negated Tropical Disease. Such a divers group of 20 There are conditions. That Mainly Prevalent In the tropical areas. Ok? Group of 20 Conditions. Okay, right? 20 such effects There are those that are on the body. generally It grows in tropical areas and is a good It affects the Khasi community.
And most of the time you'll see this Women and children are more affected.
Actually WHO has given him this in India.
Defined neglected tropical disease.
So there are 20 conditions in this. 20 types conditions your body encounters In Neglected Tropical Diseases. Ok? And To be honest, this is due to environmental conditions.
It happens according to the calculation. That is why it is called tropical words and tropical always you understand The area near the equator is called tropical.
It is called the subtropical area. So this is also you You can easily understand here. what would have happened I will explain more things to you inside this.
gradually.
Ok? Now look What causes this disease? So this There are viruses and there are bacteria too.
There are also protozoa and many All sorts of worms, helvins, etc. There are. It also happens because of these. Correct Is? Mostly it is more in those places It will happen where there are vulnerable situations.
People being weak or things like that. Here But there is water safety and sanitation, right? Health More care will have to be taken of these In areas. Fine. If about disease Talking about neglected because they have Historically Ranked Very Low on the Global Health Agenda. Ok? it always like this The diseases have been neglected.
Hence the use of the word Neglected in its name.
Has been used. Why do we make this Do you call it neglected? So if historically If we look at it, we cannot treat such diseases.
Did not consider it a disease. Used to neglect.
But if we look at such diseases also creates a lot of problems and Death would also have occurred. So if we look here Anyway little attention and funding etc. Governments have always been doing this here. So Which are the neglected tropical diseases?
Would there be diseases? He is a Guniya worm, There is chikungunya, dengue, kala-azar.
Apart from this there is elephantiasis, elephantiasis.
Is. All these diseases, such All the diseases, all these diseases Comes under neglected tropical disease Are. There are a total of 12 neglected tropical forests in India.
Diseases are reported. India is a home. Total Isn't it 11? Sorry 12 Neglected Tropical Of the disease. Now I think you Understanding Neglected Tropical Diseases I must have come. Ok? So it's the same thing Went. Now dengue is not very common in the country.
They don't consider it a big problem. Ok?
A huge campaign is being run. Not so Is. Things also go on regarding dengue.
But not in that sense, cancer, AIDS Yes, it is malaria. Isn't it? in that way that Things were not taken into account here. so This was called neglected. Now Neglected Many diseases in one list Here is what I've tried so far To give. What diseases does he have?
We know it as a neglected tropical disease.
Can speak. can be placed in those categories Are. So I'll tell the world a list.
Of. Only India's view of the world Not there. Hookley is an ulcer. It is Chagas disease.
Dengue is Chikungunya. Guaniya is a worm.
It is in focus. Food burn is trematodiasis.
I have sleeping sickness. Leishmaniasis.
It is leprosy. This is called Hansen's disease.
It is liofilariasis. There is mycetoma.
Chromoblastomatosis Is. There is ongosiosis. There is podocinosis.
It's rabies. I have scabies. There is scotomycosis.
It is a soil transmitted helminthiase.
Snakebites are anomalous. Isn't it? Enwonmin He has tinea pedis, cystic cirrhosis.
They say. Tracheoma Hai, Yes and Other Endemic diseases and other Tryponimosis Isn't it? Tryponetosis All these diseases and negative tropical Disease is a complex disease. Ok?
through animal or human reservoirs It spreads further. These humans and animals They have reservoirs inside. Their Bacteria etc. would be present inside them.
Are. And approximately, if we look at it, it is about 1 These affect billions of population.
approximately 1 billion and let me tell you every On 30th January of the year, we completed If we say so, it is neglected in this world.
Celebrate as Tropical Disease Day We do. such diseases as well as There are also such diseases in the world.
No, we can get rid of this kind of problem also.
Can get it. So I hope that you Understanding Legless Tropical Disease I must have arrived. Ok? A group in this There are of diseases. about many groups In. Ok? Which was seen. next The discussion is on Chandipur virus. Actually this There is a virus which is popular every year. As such There is current affairs for this year.
And if you look at its case, you saw it in Gujarat.
Went. There are some mini children who are from Gujarat I die due to Chandipura virus.
Chandipura virus is actually a rhabdobody.
belongs to the family and this family There is a member inside which we call Lyssa virus. The same Lyssa virus that causes rabies Causes what happens inside dogs It is Lyssa virus. Ok? of the same virus Chandipura virus also occurs due to the group.
Is. How does Chandipura virus spread?
Is? The career of an adept is There is a mosquito. Plus some sand They are flies like a fobot, look at this.
Phlebotomine sand flies and Phlebotomus It is Peptasi, isn't it Papatasi? Papatasi These are some such sand flies and mosquitoes which act as their vectors I carry these. carry this virus from one person to another Through. Viruses that are slavery These insects have glands Inside, that's where they get their nutrition.
And from here it bites and enters your body.
Let's put it. What do viruses actually do?
Your central nervous system is CNA, also known as the main nervous system Brain Spiel Card Hai Usi Ko Effect which causes encephalitis-like symptoms Diseases occur. in your brain and so on Inflammation occurs. swelling occurs Is. Ok? So if the brain doesn't work Even paralysis etc. occurs and People even die. Look at this Here's a little picture of things.
The form is shown in. And look at this What is the mobility rate? It is said so 58% of Chandipura wire infection is the Fatality rate means death rate, it tells you Showing around 58%. to this virus First in Chandipura Village, Nagpur Seen in 1965. Hence its name It came to be known as Chandipura virus. it Comes in human. Mostly sand flies which breed mostly by small dark crevices and cracks of the These grow in houses. sand flies This virus is an epidemic.
It causes symptoms like encephalitis.
Are. First in Andhra Pradesh in 2003 Isn't this seen in the form of an outbreak?
Had gone. The first appearance was in 1965.
But its problem will be bigger in 2030.
It was notified in Andhra Pradesh in 1995. it What disease occurs in this? Influenza Symptoms like this occur. like swine flu All the symptoms of bird flu occur.
In severe cases, you may experience paralysis and coma.
and in extreme cases He goes and dies. This is the thing that I had to tell you. Ok. A Chandipura If we look at the virus etc. Whatever populations there are here, To a large extent, your immunity It happens, it is okay, it is a compromise.
There are many other things here caused by these viruses.
You can understand through all the symptoms etc. It is like having an addiction, it is like having rashes All these symptoms should be here I have tried to explain to you and Knowing about encephalitis Encephalitis is always a had a brain problem Okay, look, the patient is suffering from high fever.
Reports in the morning and evening He has a lot of problems with He had symptoms in his kidney and liver.
How did you see him in the morning?
You will get a high fever and this virus It mostly affects the night where the night affects his liver and kidneys Meaning different types of things in different durations There's a problem, you can see it here.
There are different problems that you can see here.
Are. See next: Flu-like symptoms Are. I just said swine flu bird Symptoms are like flu. Who There is a person, not his awareness It affects. Okay, right? in that There is no awareness. things are rough You can call it dryness and friendship. and incephality Like the symptoms. This includes respiratory There is distress, bleeding etc. Isn't it? Things like anemia happen.
Internal bleeding begins. of blood Loss occurs inside the body. In this which The mortality rate is approximately 24 to 48 hours.
It is inside that people even die.
And then let me tell you, most of the children who There are more of them below 15 years of age.
Chandipura viruses are afflicted and The treatment here is also not the same if To be honest, okay, there's no specific Otherwise, symptomatic treatment is done.
and symptomatic treatment I have told you repeatedly that According to the symptoms that appear in your body received that kind of treatment here will go I have already told you about the rest 196, 365 etc. Which are the states where this was seen?
Went? So first of all bad in Andhra Pradesh This is how it looked in 2003. Gujarat and To see you in Maharashtra etc. will get. Especially if seen It is endemic in the central part of India. There itself But it is. You get to see this. And The mosquito in this is actually a sun Flies are the ones that spread this disease.
it occurs. The next discussion is Look, there's an antibiotic we made.
It is a very popular antibiotic.
The first indigenous antibiotics ok let me tell you what purpose this is for Whose name is Naphth Romycin Whose name is Naphth Romycin OK antibiotic, first indigenous to India Antibiotic made by Naphthromycin What does this naphthromycin show you?
Look at the reality in our bodies.
Many antibiotic resistance Problems happen. lots of questions These have been asked in UPSC before also.
This is a case of drug resistance. MRSA It is a case of infection. This is a case of Superbuck. These All the terms that I am using MRSA stands for MRSA.
Resistance Staphyloccus aureus. Methicillin Is an antibiotic. against him Resistance becomes Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that causes A lot of people die in it. You know As we developed antibiotics.
Ok? We started feeling happy. Now bacteria Nothing is there When the mind is in our pocket We will do it, we will kill you. There will be no disease.
It was discovered after 10 years and 20 years that Antibiotics against those bacteria Resistance in etcetera. Now what will you do now? Correct Isn't it? So actually a lot of things like this There are problems. You have tuberculosis Case just now when I was telling you behind I I told you, is this MDR or SDR drug?
Resistance is the next case in which bacteria I have arrived. I need a longer dose and longer duration Needed for. Later against that dose as well Done. There was once multi-drug resistance.
Then there is extensive disease resistance.
Went. Drug resistance occurred. So here we go What's been going on? So let me tell you right there Diseases where there is a case of drug resistance If you develop drug resistance An antibiotic has also been developed for the case.
whose name is what I just told you Naphthromycin And who made this in India, now you understand I must have come across this antibiotic so much Why is India important?
Union Minister for Biotechnology Sector formally lch the first indigenous antibiotic naphthromycin, especially resistant infections causing the same disease In which you get resistance to any You can use this to control pathogens.
In that case, if I tell you the truth, Antibiotics that support development Biotechnology Industry Research It is okay for the Assistant Council, nor for Birak.
Okay, with its support this is developed So this antibiotic that was developed Birak has his support in it. Birak Bhaiya Bio Economic Industry Research Assistant Assistance Council is fine, isn't it a trade?
It is known in the market as Miknaf.
It will come okay in the name of Miknf MIQ NF It will be in the name of. India's first country Indigenously developed antibiotic Tackling antimicrobial resistance Will do. Isn't it? antimicrobial resistance Will try to tackle the problem as it arises.
And this is very common and has become very common over time.
Such symptoms are increasing. Ok?
New antibiotics etc. are of a similar class What will happen in the world? Ok? the world which in the new offering a potent solution with the No new antibiotics in this class have been Been Developed World Wide for Over Three Decades. Ok? I mean, we're saying it straight away that in the last 30 years there has been no such incident Antibiotics have not been developed that India has made it. I even tell you Should I tell you its antibiotic has a minimum Gastrointestinal side effects.
Most antibiotics can have side effects on your body.
There are effects but no side effects Is. And let me even tell you about pneumonia.
Like the case which is a case of drug resistance If it happens there, just take three medicines for it.
Take it, it would have been 10 times more effective.
It affects more. So Sir, who The drug that fights pneumonia-like diseases There is a case of resistance, in that case you They are saying that if we only take three doses Take its naphthromycin which is marketed in the name of Miqnaf in the name of Miqnaf It is 10 times more effective than Okay, let me tell you about it.
It took about 14 years to build this development block.
It has taken time where it is believed that approximately ₹500 An investment of crores was made in this If I tell you about the critical trial, only India Not only this, it happened in US and Europe also.
That it is quite effective. Naphthromycin Please take care. Naphthromycin Has been in the news or what is Miknaf? Such Things will come. So keep this in mind. very big This is a different type of concept. Run Transplantation. You know about plantation If I talk about it, a few years ago in the news As for the livers etc. of some pig etc. Some genetic changes were made in them and they became human.
Transferred inside. Ok? Isn't it? pig Inside. Ok? Pik is an animal which By making some genetic changes inside An attempt was made to make changes. of human Some organs were inserted inside and their lives were saved.
An attempt was made to save. That's it. And Should I tell you why only Peak's things were taken?
Because pigs are biologically, physiologically If you look at it, it looks quite human-like.
Are of. That's why Peak's organ has some After making genetic changes, human By putting it in the body, it enters the human body in that way The organ was made adaptable. This is it Case of geno and transplantation. like this Cases of this have also been researched in India.
Friends and a great industry too It will work to save lives. this kind of Work is also done in China. in China What do those people do successfully? some genes Where do you do the modifications? pig liver In. Ok? And Into a Human, right? into a Human diagnosed with brain death to Evaluate its survival and functions. Correct Isn't it? So there was a man who had his Death is occurring due to brain death. His Inside he took the pig's liver.
By genetic modification, he has to do that brain Putting it inside the person with death and other things The study was conducted and found to be successful. It is the same thing What was seen in this? This was found to be successful.
This is a great thing to hear here.
you'll get. Got it? This is for you to hear will get. A very successful thing has been seen here.
What is the whole story? understand. Actually If we talk about xenoplantation So what does the FDA define?
Please understand. Food and Drug Administration It is the main agency of the US. Run Transplantation is a procedure where But we are not doing any transplantation or Implementation or infusion Where? Inside a human. Okay, right?
Whose inside the human? Kisi Life Cells Of a tissue or an organ. And Where do you get it from? which is non It is human. Like we saw the pig Took.
Ok? ok like we took the pic and its The organs we have taken are xvo Ex vivo means outside of the living body Things are taken and inside the human He is taken and adopted. This is what we It is called gene transplantation. Purpose What is? Human donor in the future Organs Whatever organ deficiency there is. Isn't it?
As time progresses, organ deficiency and It is becoming more meaningful. So that kind of Meaning this helps in getting things done Will do. Even if I say About 90 People in America Are Waiting for the kidney transplant which is the report and every Now if I tell you every year there are about 3000 such people.
Which every year ok these kinds of organs etc. While waiting for this, they die and These organs are not available. This kind of The experiments that will take place will largely will be beneficial and one in the health sector This is the new revolution. things like this She has been successful before. Ok? This Various experiments were conducted. But which The pig body part inside the human The human that was inserted survives longer Didn't do it. But okay, that was the beginning.
These things develop further with time.
It will happen and it is necessary too. it is Requirement. In the historical contest Look, there was a practice which was It was done around. where for the first time a The organ was transplanted. Animal From Inside Human and One Heart Being One Of the first organ trans attempt wala Seen here. If seen later So pig kidneys etc. were selected Went for organ transplant. Correct? And To make the human body compact For. And well, the gene editing here etc. technology is used there, right?
But like Crisper Casein, which is in biotech technology is that kind of technology that is used is done. Ok? Certain Pick of Jeans etc. are removed crisper with the help of castanine and then he was given human By making it compatible with the human body This entire technology is put inside What is the benefit within? The advantage is that What happens is that organ rejection does not occur.
There is no risk of infection. and its Apart from ristro viruses etc. is it okay?
Sorry, these are complications. sorry sorry He said the opposite. One is due to organ rejections There can be complications here. Correct Is? Secondly, it increases the risk of infections etc. live and thirdly retro viruses etc. viruses that convert RNA to DNA Give. Ok? Cross infection may occur It is possible Isn't it? So it is said here There is a risk of cross species Infection of retroviruses can cause Is. Retroviruses are viruses that nucleic acid from RNA RNA and then it from its RNA convert it into DNA. this very thing It is in retro viruses. Okay, right? So this There are a few things that can be negative here.
Are. Ok? If we do gene transplantation Talk about cases in India So there is a surgeon from Assam, in 1997 he Undertaking the transplantation procedure Are. Where pig's heart is replaced with human heart Tried to transfer inside the patient She goes. It is a different matter that the patient He died a few weeks later She goes. I'm talking to you about it right now Had been. Okay, right? Now it is said that such What's that always about pigs There is talk going on. There is a reason behind that. Pig which heart valve has been used In the human being, there are no surgeries for over 50.
Years. Ok? It was observed that the pig's The valves of the heart, etc. It works in the human body for 50-50 years.
Can. Easy over in human surgeries 50 years. and the anatomy of pigs and There are psychological simultancies that I will tell you right now.
He was like a human. Ok? And If I tell you this thing, it is cost effective and It is accessible. readily available which we You can use it. Here are some things As Various Pick Breeds That Offer Organs Sizes and so on. Ok? which can be match to The specific need of the human recipient.
So, this is also the size of your organ. Different Depending on the size of the pick, you can use Are. There are many types of picks. Very All varieties and different within each pick Size is a thing. Ok? Different There are size things. Ok? That's why Said that people of all different sizes have organs It would be easy to give etc. There is a concept Whose name is glycemic index. One There is a concept called glycemic Index. What is Glycemic Index?
Look, you've often heard it said that If you eat too much wheat, then glycemic The index increases and the glycemic index Due to increase in your body, such as diabetes Type 2 and this is of cardiac vascular Problems arise. These glycemic What is an index? which is often discussed Is. And that is a very important topic.
Even in your paper which is used in modern There are a lot of shorts and reels of your Must be coming closer. where the glycemic index would be talked about. So what What is the glycemia index? Just understand. here Let me try to explain it to you.
This was told on the basis of scientific and studies.
I said that brother, there is something which is related to glycemic index.
Is. Isn't it? which enters our body through food comes, it enters our body as type 2 For diabetes and cardiovascular disease It is responsible. That means we need to take care of our body In the food we eat, Attention should be paid to the glycemic index. Now Let's talk about what is Glass Index?
What is the actual glass mix index?
Is? How is this measured? How Quickly a Carbohydrate-containing foods raise your blood Sugar level. Isn't it? After it's consumed.
That is, any carbohydrate like food As soon as you take it inside your body, How quickly does that sugar level rise in the body?
overshoots, increases, that's what Characteristics of the glycemic index There is a feature. Okay, right? On the same basis, we Measures the glycemic index.
Its index ranking is Foods that are carbohydrate-rich Let's go from zero to 100. Ok?
Because of this, let me tell you that sugar level blood increases inside. his level in Comparison to pure glucose.
Ok? Who proposed this concept?
Was? Professor David Jagans is It is at the University of Toronto. They This concept was introduced in 1981.
Factors That Determine the GI Those two things It depends on. GI Joe Glycine The index depends on two factors in the food.
Is. The first is an internal factor and the second is Depends on external factors.
Internal factors such as amylose lipids, Proteins, Phytic Acid, Dietary Fiber, Resistance, starch depends on this Is. And the second is the external factor in it such as cooking, processing, Retrogradations, Soaking and Germination Gene process was used. Okay, right?
Internal factors that are inside our body Is it okay after you leave? manage things External factors that try to The thing that was created through the process If it is going inside our body, then it It became external and the things that are in our body going inside she's doing she's If it becomes internal then it is your internal glycine by both external The index is determined by Is. Ok? It means sir who cooked the food Its cooking process etc. is also known.
increases the glycemic index, changes Decreases. All these things happen here.
That is called external. You are internal Like you eat more dietary fiber.
Suppose if you take dietary fiber then your What is the glycine index in the body?
Manages etc. This is your body's It became internal for me. Not one here Glycemic Index Chart Created From Zero Up to 100. and tried to explain it here It is found where the glycemic index is low. 0 Coming between 55 to 65. Medium is from 56 Coming between 69. and high if 70 to 100 Coming between. This means that you You should eat whatever is in front of you. Take it.
There are foods with glycemic index.
Apple, wheat, cereals, grains, soybean, Cashews, grapes, honey and brown rice.
Ok? These are all the things that The glassing index is low. food items that If it has a medium glacial index Contains sugar, resins, cheese There's pizza, there's pineapple, and there's V Things happen. And if high glass Index speaks of corn chips, gatorades, Pumpkins Apart from this, all the vegetables like red vegetables, white rice etc. Gleason index of all things very high It happens. Ok? So white rice is about What? Its glass index is very high It happens. So you should be very clear guys.
It is by looking at things in your own way.
I will have to eat. Glycemic load, on the other hand, is called They say? See Understanding the Glycemic Index Glycemic loads and calculations for I will have to talk about it. Look at the glycemic load It means how fast your sugar levels rise.
The level increases. Isn't it? it is called Glycemic load. So, like you do these things how fast your Your blood sugar level increases, It says load. Now if we talk about calculations How do we calculate glycemic load?
Let's calculate. straight to him The formula is that the quality of Carbohydrates which are given in food.
Okay, right? by the amount of Carbohydrates in a serving. Ok? Who Whatever the quality of carbohydrates in food is coming into your body through We can also add carbohydrates to the serving.
What do we call it if we multiply it?
Glycemic load. We call him Glycemic load. Okay everyone?
Ok? So gasic load of a food is obliterated By multiplying the quality of Carbohydrates in a Given Food by the Amount of carbohydrates in a serving.
Ok? So whatever carbohydrates you The quality of food provided in it Accordingly, you will understand his What is its glycine index?
Has it increased or decreased? Ok? that's what we say Is it there? Glycemic load. Okay, right? So what You were also given food according to The value of glycamine index has increased, We call it glassy load. same thing below is given in the calculation. Now look Glycemic index and human health What are the relations? Straight Talk Complications Yes people. Let me tell you that I am diabetic High glycemic index for people with Foods with index are not good for you.
Increases the sugar level in your body Because our body produces insulin They create imbalance. and secondly our bodies What happens in? cardiovascular They also create problems for diseases.
Are. Ok? Okay, so things with GI load You will eat this and your body will increase your weight.
I have it, whichever has a high GI index Eating things will make you gain weight.
Triglyceride levels will increase, which is called bad fat.
Blood pressure etc. will increase and the body will grow This causes cardiovascular Complications will come to you Its cardiovascular problems to you She will come and see, now see if she has diabetes.
Do you know what diabetes is?
There is a problem where your sugar level body weight is higher than normal goes. Ok? 80 to 120 mg per 100 ml This is the sugar level that everyone has.
A normal level of sugar. Ok? and one more It is a very common disease where insulin like hormones that affect your It happens in the body. What actually happens?
Let us tell you. an organ in our body It happens. It can also be called gland.
Pancreas. Beta cells are found in the pancreas goes. This beta cell is where Produces hormones like insulin Is. And this same insulin hormone when sugar If the level increases then it controls it.
Like sugar has a balance of glucose There is a quantity of sugar in the blood.
He maintained it continuously. I tell you the same thing I am saying. But what happens in diabetes?
Is? There are two types of diabetes. Type One And type two. What do we call type one?
Insulin dependent diabetes. We call this Have insulin dependent diabetes. Insulin dependent diabetes and those with type 2 It is called insulin independent Diabetes.
This is called insulin independent.
Diabetes. Insulin dependent diabetes What happens? This is how diabetes is where insulin is formed your beta Closes the cell.
Sugar level starts increasing. about 40 years People up to means up to at a young age Diabetes that is seen till the age of 40 This is the type of diabetes you get. And this What happens? Independent. here Insulin is formed but our The body does not respond. Isn't it? These 40's It happens later. After 40 plus, it mostly Diabetes occurs. About 15% to 20% have diabetes Diabetes Part One in the world today Going to do. And 70-80% of those who have diabetes This is part two. So both of these Diabetes. That's why if it happens before 40 We also call it juvenile diabetes.
Okay, right? Also called juvenile diabetes.
And diabetes is a kind of cascading There is an effect. It nourishes every organ of your body Slowly ruins. Ok? your body Slowly destroying every organ in me Is. Fine. So this was diabetes mellitus.
About Diabetes: Two Types of Diabetes Type one, type two. I told you about beta cells and so on from where Insulin etc. is produced and somewhere or the other Insulin etc. also our body's immunity Work to increase.
The next topic you will discuss is A1 and A2 milk.
Ok? A1 and A2 milk. know what it really is that is You must have heard about FSSAI which is a milk market It is divided into two categories Went. One A1 milk and one A2 milk. What is A1 and A2 milk, which has been discussed many times If it happens, we will talk about it. Ok No? Whatever cow milk etc. is available in the market It includes things like A1 and A2 milk.
What is written about those things?
Today I will explain it to you and tell you how You should also know about these things Minimal as well. OK, look at the FSI at the beginning.
We have written. FSI has clearly stated that the mill products coming in the market Are there, right? They are sold in the market as A1 and A2.
Represent those mill products by name No need to do it. Okay, right? FSI i.e. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. He clearly stated that food Business operators to not market their milk And milk products in the name of A1 and A2.
Sometimes earlier FSI used to say that we need A1, A2 must be shown. New report coming now Do we need to show this on that wrapper or not?
It is not necessary whether the milk is A1 or A2. Now You will say A1 A2 what is this? Look FI Current regulations he has directly said do Do not specify any standard R Recognition for differentiating the milk base A1 and A2 beta casein protein types No need to tell about it. Ok No? What are misleading claims? The Regulator views claims of A1 & A2 milk Potentially misleading consumers as they are Not held back by the regulatory standards. Correct Isn't it? What are they doing? upside down Writing things on your wrappers.
Through which the public gets to know more about it.
Can't figure it out. This is what was written Is.
Ok? This is the same thing written. these things I'll tell you more slowly now.
It will become clear. Ok? First you need to find A1 and Let me explain about A2 milk. See, It is like there are different types of cows.
Understand that there are different types of cows. One The cow which we call A1 cow. the second one whom We call it A2 Cow. and different cows They give different types of milk. So The milk of A1 cow is called A1 milk.
They will say and the milk of A2 cow will be We will call it A2 milk. So this is the first thing you I understood what I wanted to say.
Understand another thing. People with Milk Iltolerant can't digest it. Okay, right?
There are many people who have milk Have the ability to indigest. means milk There is no ability to digest. telling him I have a case of lactose intolerance and it's quite It is common. I saw many children drinking milk.
After all, there is a lot of stomach in their stomach.
It hurts. This is how they call him A case of lactose intolerance. So which A1 Milk Milk intolerant bites happen here Digest. Ok? A lot of people like this There is problem in digestion of milk.
But at the same time, A2 milk is available, it can B. Easley's Digest. And this would be light milk.
Hence it is easily digested.
So sir, this means we have to do different types of cows.
Will you have to see it? Absolutely have to see it. Now!
I will also tell you the names of the cows. Actually what happens here Look, what actually happens here is that A1 Beta casein protein is found. Ok?
Inside A1 milk and if you look inside A2 A2 beta casein protein is found.
Casein protein is what causes The colour of milk is white.
I am telling you first. This kind of Questions asked multiple times in your State PCS Have been asked. Ok? the other thing here See. So generally A1 milk is Where do you get it? Joe International Cow There are breeds which generally In Northern Europe In Australia In the US A1 milk is found in Are. Whereas others which are A2 milk Meet us at our desi Indian Cow.
Like there is Gir, there is Sahwal, there is Harparkar. Is No? In all these you will get A2 milk see you. So sorry, this means our country Those who are cows are better.
They are absolutely better. what to think about it Is? And listen, this A1 in our body Milk is part of our body, isn't it?
Reduces immunity and so on. There A2 milk which increases the immunity of our body It happens that it boosts up. Remember A2 Milk is very good for your health. Second Look at this, this is what happens with BCM.
Yield happens here. Ok? Here their It is from the BCM inside. But here it is Not made from BCM. and from BCM What happens? Let me explain to you. From BCM One is beta casomorphin intake. Ok? One It is a peptide. Consider a protein. Isn't it? Who It is released. Ok? which release This is what happens inside this type of milk Things happen in BCM7 which is beta Casomorphin is a type of peptide.
If you say peptide, then it is of protein only.
Understand the compound, understand its bonding, right?
When it is released during the digestion of A1 beta casein in bovines' milk and have Severe Health Concerns Jab Bhi Jab A1 Protein etc. when digested then BCM is formed from them It comes out from and this is what happens from BCM Creates problem in digestion of milk Does. This BCM7 doesn't happen here so Such problems do not arise here.
And the full name of BCM7 is Beta.
Casomorphine intake. Please take care. next See here for gas, bloating, stomach Problems like upset and ulcers occur In A1 milk. But right there in A2 your Keeps the dust system very strong and It is helpful. Isn't it? You have acidity He doesn't allow anything like that to happen. It is the last, right?
It's not immunity here, right?
Supportive It's Not Fit for the Covid Patient. Okay, right? So all this Covid-Vovid A1 milk was not good for the patient Because A1 milk reduces immunity.
But at the same time, if you are a Covid patient etc. and only If you want to give immunity then AT milk is A2 milk is a good option.
Keep in mind that this is a varied topic.
For your paper.
Ok? A1 A2 both milks are yours The paper is forever important. So This was a topic related to health and disease.
Which I got you here. the rest of it You have the PDF. I am speaking again Ravi Dr. Ravi P Dr. Ravi P Agra Official You can get this PDF by going to telegram.
Take. and look forward to some of this Let's talk about things further. Look at all these I have already told you things. Very There is no need to explain much about this. Correct Isn't it? All these things have happened. Fine.
A1 A2 R are genetic variants. A beta casein protein, which is Casein accounts for 80% of milk protein.
Is. One of the two types of protein found In the milk. Isn't it? Two types of proteins were found Let's go. A1 in A1 protein and B1 in Beta Casein Protein. A1 beta in A1 Protein and A2 Beta Casein are found in Let's go. Ok? The rest of the A2 milk would have been Yes, it is unique. Ok? He will tell you I have already paid it. National Bureau of Animals Genetic Resources has confirmed. Is No? He founded the National Bureau of Animal Genetics have confirmed that indigenous Cows and Buffaloes are present in A2 milk Let's make latte. A2 milk is enough It is excellent milk. This report Take care. Ok? And inside this milk We have those proteins which Our body needs it. Actually, the protein their units are amino Acids. Their units are amino Acids. There are two types of amino acids.
There is one which we call essential Amino acids. The second is non-essential Amino acids. Essential amino acids that which is not produced inside our body Is. So we have to get food and drink from other places.
It has to be taken through the medium and is non-essential.
Which is produced in our body. Us There is no need to take it from outside. Its Meaning, whatever A2 milk is available here What happens to us when we get essential amino acids?
Acids are available here.
So in a way that will also be better for us.
Okay, right? That will also be better for us.
Okay, right? and proteins and so on Our body contains body building compounds Are. The body's stamina also improves.
Next we will talk about radiation therapy Facility. Look, the radiation is such that The protons in the therapy facility This therapy has been in the news for the past several years.
I've been here and to tell you the truth, I will tell you about proton therapy.
I am going to tell you. A normal radiation therapy Like he is a cancer patient or did something.
going and this proton therapy both What are the differences? in actuality which Radiation therapy is different from proton therapy.
And what are the updates here that You can see it on the screen. Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi Inauguration is Radiation Therapy Facility Who will treat cancer patients with and especially brachytherapy Equipments are OK Brachytherapy The equipment is there, right? How can we use it?
What will radiation do to hear these things?
What actually happens in therapy There are cancerous cells and so on which cancerous cells There are cells that cause tumors etc. With whose help are they killed?
using ionizing radiation such as X-rays Gamma rays, high energy electrons and heavy He is killed with the help of particles.
His inauguration takes place here. Ok? Ok Development of brachytherapy equipment It is done here. See Relationship Therapy There are two types. One whom we One is called external and the other is called internal.
They say. External is called teletherapy and external to internal to brachii It's called therapy. Joe Brackey here therapy equipment that was developed There is internal treatment. This internal treatment Is. Here the source of radiation is the body They go inside and see those things inside the body damages the. But what about here Are there? like their effect on the outside It happens. Okay, right? scent from a Distance to a target cell. Ok? Any reaches the target cell through a distance And what happens is this, this directly Reaches the target cell. Target here There is no direct sale here.
in the target cell. So, it is more effective There will be treatment. This is what I want to say to you I have been. Okay, right? What is significance Is? It will be highly effective. That's what I said What will happen? This will be highly effective. And Well established treatment possible here Is. In such a brain, breast, breast Cancer or any type of head or neck disease Problems or cervical cancer in other There will be a lot of impact here.
Ok. And here's Minimizing the Damage of Healthy tissues. which maintains our healthy tissues Yes, they are healthy cells, it will not kill them.
Because radiation therapy has a normal What is the problem that it is only cancer Does not kill the cell. Normal except cancer Kills the cell itself. Kills normal cells So our own immunity is weak like this too.
it occurs. All those things are where you Are in front. And here are some treatments.
that I brought you that we It is known as proton therapy.
Proton therapy is essentially radiation treatment.
A very precise meaning of very accurate An advanced on-the-spot treatment There is a way. which kills cancerous cells It is used. It is more energy intensive It is based and cancerous cells etc. Kills. Isn't it? And here on the body, lace Radiation also has an effect. So healthy Tissues etc. do not get damaged like this.
Now look at traditional radiotherapy here.
And there's also a debate about proton therapy.
With which I have come before you. Here But the risk of damaging the near-healthy cells that traditional addition therapy has Look, it happens. It is very low here.
Proton therapy is even better than that. Second Taraf here Applicability Not Suitable for the Treatment near sensitive organs like eyes, Ears and spine. But here Sutel Treatment is something you can do to a sensitive organ Proton therapy also through the eye etc. Can do. Third, look at the cost, One is less expensive. But you need protons The therapy will be more expensive.
And lastly, let's look at its side effects.
It is mostly severe. Affecting Day to Day It affects your activities.
But here the less severe and your body in normal functioning etc. somehow Does not affect. Therefore, a mixed Proton therapy would be better. just say this A little bit more expensive for you will get. But okay, at the bulk level, when further If things develop further, things will become cheaper.
It will be used in the treatment of cancer etc. Things like that are a blessing.
Ok let's come to the next topic. some vaccines Who has been in the news in India And what you need to know about dengue is a Tax has come to Rs 33. There's a new dengue vaccine The tax that came and it was given the second dengue vaccine You can say. WHO has pre-dated this It has been destroyed. This vaccination we Can be used for dengue disease.
Ok? And generally we give this vaccination to children which is given to children aged six to 16 years There are. Ok? And especially those Will be given in places where there are dengue like Symptoms and diseases are more common.
What are the symptoms of dengue? To you I know I have high fever, severe headache, eyes There is pain in the back, joint pain and muscles There is pain and in some cases even death.
it occurs. Ok? These symptoms occurred. Its Apart from this, if you look at the pathogen, then dengue virus The name of the pathogen that is in The strain of the virus is called Den.
Den One, Den Two, Den Three and Den Four. These All of these are strains of viruses that Causes dengue disease. dengue disease Different strains of the causative viruses Have become. They have different forms. female Mosquito is the same as the receptacle It is carried by. Ok? whom we It is also called tiger mosquito and its Nowadays, the disease is also seen in Europe etc. I am getting it. While it is always said to be cold diseases like malaria and dengue It does not happen. but its its its its The spreading that you can see there too Will get it. And let me tell you one more thing, it can also be transmitted from the Pregnant Women to Her Baby by a Blood products or organ donation or It also occurs through transfusions.
Which are the areas where dengue is prevalent?
Is the disease more common? So Tropical There are subtropical areas all over the world Urban and semi-urban areas mostly which are Asia, Africa and America here But even then you will get these diseases Dengue is very common in many places and Mostly you will find tropical found in tropical areas, but these There are also some examples from Europe which Are visible. Second vaccine This is what we call the R21 matrix M.
Phaleria Maxine. This is made into a serum Institute of India. Worlds The largest manufacturing company is Those who created it and those who market it are selling in. The first set is R21 Matrix and Malaria Vaccines Delivered to Africa. Its It is also being used. Okay, right? remember This question may be in R21 News.
What has this been like? This vaccine was developed Oxford University and Serum Institute of India together with Everybody Remember it and the World Health Organization If I tell you the truth about this disease There was a lot of concern about malaria.
The first malaria vaccine developed was RTS.
SS01 was recommended by WHO to prevent Malaria in and Children October 202 Joe This was the first one recommended here. Correct Isn't it? And here's another one I made, which is a serum.
Made by Institute of India.
Okay, right? and World Malaria Report If I say 249 million by 2023 Cases of malaria seen in 2022 Compare to 247 million cases in 2021 OK, this means some cases have increased here.
It has increased from 247 million to 249 million.
If we look at the African region in 2022 So the heaviest malaria burden is the one that It is common. 95% cases and 95% of deaths. 94% Of course, this case has happened right here in the African region.
And 95% of the deaths that have occurred in the entire world are You will also see this in Africa.
About 1.4% of total malaria in India There are cases that happen all over the world. And 30% and 30% decline in malaria cases which Have been seen. Ok? So this is also attention Keep. And 34% decline in the death in 22%.
This means that malaria is prevalent in India.
The incidence has decreased and in India, The number of people who died due to malaria Its numbers have also decreased. If we If we compare between 2022 and 21 then This thing is in India's favor. Ok? i.e Medicines and all facilities are available in India Has been. And for our paper here, The question of work is R21 or Matrix M What is? The next one is a vaccine called Hepatitis A Vaccine Heavy Sure. heavy Sure I will tell you about it later.
You can also find my videos on lectures on Will go. Isn't it? This has been important for two years.
Is. For the past two to three years, the Indian Immunological Made by Ltd. one of his own National Dairy Development is an own subsidiary Board. He launched India's first Indies Developed hepatitis A vaccine named Habisor in Hyderabad. Habisor has a total of two You have to take the doses. The first dose you Have to take it. Isn't it? Within 12 months.
Isn't it? Sorry above 12 months of age. Ok? 12 after the edge of the month and seconds as you First take it, then within six months You also have to take the second dose. Correct Isn't it? And this vaccine, it is a There is a routine immunization system of sorts which is when you go to the doctors, When he licks you, which ones do you give to children?
If you want to get vaccinated, get this vaccine now.
It has been added which is very important.
Ok? And this is chronic liver disease. Memory Keeping it damages the liver etc. The pathogen that causes hepatitis A. Next thing Will make digital health Ayushman Bharat digital If I tell you more about the mission, then Bharat Ayushman Digital India Mission is the most important. This immunization There is news related to the program which It is important in your paper. Ayushmann Digital India Mission has completed its actual 3 years.
Have completed it. Actually, National Health The policy which was brought in 2017 Somewhere it is supporting the same ABDM That is, Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. here Created a digital public infrastructure goes. Okay, right? and online platforms All the facilities are provided to you. i.e What you need to know about digital health it occurs. What is its region? Its region That is, everything is easily available to you.
It should be done. Isn't it? be made accessible and Affordable, timely and safe manner In. Ok? more of all these things Brought this mission to make efficient Has gone. Mobile phone in everyone's hand Is. So you can easily lose all your health.
You can see things like care etc. his The implementing agency is the National Health Authority and from when to when? From 2021-22 It has been launched and till 25-26 you will get 3 here You will get to see the whole year. inside it What are the features? Ayushman Bharat There is a health account ID that is created. where at Health records are created for you. About 767 crore people registered under Abha Have done. Whereas if a health care professional Speaking of the registry, there is a repository All Health Professional Status Over 4.7 Lakh Doctors and nurses who are registered It is inside it. This means you get information is also about doctors and thirdly Health facility registers are also included in this In the features of where public and private Health facilities are also provided. approximately 3.3 Lakh health facilities are registered under National Health Care Providers under the registry. That means all these things Somewhere or the other, somewhere or the other in India, health She is supporting the. Ok? and all You can get information from digital platforms.
Let's go. Doctors, clinics, right? every About things. Ok? is all You get the benefits here. So this Keep in mind that is not a question for you.
Paper.
If we talk about digital right now Initiative schemes are a type of financial Intensives that are digital health You get it through practices. Correct Is? And secondly, by scanning and sharing it also Things you can connect with here. QR Code etc. based single OPD registration There will be service. When there, scan and share You can go and meet those doctors there.
Are. AVDM is the ecosystem. hospital Clinic facilities of Central Governments State governments' own policy makers They happen. Ok? Labs Pharm Pharmacies and wellness centers are provided goes. They become policy makers.
Administration System Manage Nonprofit Organizations are associated with it.
Health care professionals are involved with this Are. and many private entities as well.
who work together for this aura We do. So these are citizens and patients, right?
This is your citizen centric environment ABDM provides.
The next concept is polio eradication.
10 years have been completed.
Ok? Polio eradication 10 years have passed since the eradication. What Is this the report? We will talk a little about this We do. Look, the report actually comes.
In March 2014. I remember World Health The organization declares that India, which Yes, it is polio free. Not today, many years It has already been freed. and this thing It remains constant. for the last three years No polio case has been reported in India.
Is. Ok? OK based on criteria Including the three years of No Wild Polio Case Transmissions. Ok? from 3 years There has been no continuous case of polio in India.
Is. So India is polio free. which also WHO He agrees. But polio is also not from the world Has gone. Let me tell you this also. Ok No? While regarding polio eradication It was already talked about. Okay, right? And India's mission to eradicate polio Participation is Global Polio Eradication India has taken a very strong stand on the initiative.
Have participated. Okay, right? And what India has Our Universal Immunization Programme Immunity etc. has been started in the country To boost up there we have global Polio Eradication Initiative put in place Is. Meaning there is also a program for polio intervention.
It will be inside it. Polio is a viral disease it occurs. Ok? Mostly it gives you will get? Will affect children for another 5 years Children up to 12 years of age are affected by this. it How is it transmitted? Person to Person I go via the Fickle Over route.
Ok? By Fickle Over Root. Okay, right?
Something is contaminated, there is fecal waste etc. Isn't it? Or these dried fruits in its thorns Viruses move on. Less Frequently By Common Vehicles. Ok? These Also through contaminated water and food Let's go. Okay, right? These intestines etc. By going into my body, the viruses that I have There are multiples. Okay, right? And slowly moving through your nervous system They arrive and then paralyze you.
Are. You must have seen feet with such hands and joints.
Things get twisted. energy in it It does not remain. Vaccine Derived Polio's that are occult when the weekend Strains in the oral polio vaccines Mutates. Ok? Vaccine-driven polio also Cases have been seen. if there there Some such strains are resistant to oral polio vaccines.
Which can cause mutation. genetic Their characters should change. Wild Polio Virus Train Status Across the If we look at the world, Type 1 remains It is still endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
In. Type 2 has been eradicated.
in 1993 and type three which is Eradicate It has happened in 2020 and in India for all All type one, type two, type three from outside Have gone out. These are polio viruses There are many types of strains. Strain means those Viruses have their own genetic characteristics, which There are different ones which we call type one, type two and It's called type three. Type two, type three It has disappeared from the world. But type one Still is. Pakistan and Afghanistan. it There are countries where you will not be able to get polio.
You will get cases. But India is the free.
Keep this in mind.
Watch World's Largest Public Health program which we call universal immunization It is called a program. Okay, right? of India The program which includes polio There was talk of eradication. India inside it The government provides free vaccinations. 12 Vaccinations to prevent general diseases For. Okay, right? Universal Medicine The program is for rural areas, Urban areas are for everywhere. inside it We talked about polio free.
Was. If we look at the polio-free status in India Go to the annual polio campaign that was run in India Gaya Surveillance and Border Vaccinations It is also important because from the border etc. People are coming to our country from Pakistan Afghanistan, they could be a problem for us Are. Inactivated polio vaccines also Two to etc. are developed and this mission Even inside the rainbow, we have polio Provision for eradication was introduced in 2014 Was. Okay, right? 90% in this way We developed the immunization system.
These are the methods by which we can control polio.
By stopping this, we have stopped the spread of polio in India.
and India became a pole Polio free.
There is another topic which is very important.
It is in your paper and you should know. One A medicine whose validity has been given. Isn't it?
The government has given permission for this, brother, take it and wait.
Reduce it. If you look at these types of medicines Even in western countries like America etc. I have a very common one called Tirpatite and borderline gluteal Isn't it chipatite and border glutatite then I will tell you about chipatite and limit Glutite is a medicine that helps in reducing your Some people will lose weight by eating There are those who enjoy eating a lot I am fond of eating, now they will think sir There is no problem at all. At the moment, a lot of people will be happy and especially those who I am very worried about my weight. an expert The committee, which is the Indian drug regulator, has Where did you give the green signal for this tirzepatite?
for and and for tirzepatite actually which What weight loss drug will be game changing?
in the form of tirzepatite. Ok. India now He is going to allow this. What is Tirjapatite and Semi-Maclotite? To you Let me tell you about its approval at international level.
The FDA has already paid. America's agency is the Food and Drug Administration.
simangtite and tejpetite are polypeptides. a type of protein are made of drugs or can we say medicines Are. Contains small proteins that naturally operating hormones in our body Let us boost up those that exist. and if Our body's hormones get boosted.
If so, our body's metabolism The weight that gets lost in our body by fasting And things happen, they break them. How We do? What actually happens? one of these glucagon-like peptide one, which Controls weight. Ok? Which Control Weight Through the Brain and Digestion Tracts. Remember what is in our body also hormones or things that happen All of that is regulated by our brain.
Are. Okay, right? Brain Piyush is saying the same thing.
You must have heard about the glands and all the parts of the body.
Isn't it a gland? You may have heard of strain Consuming too much increases weight. Many more There are things. Okay, right? I am saying the same thing I am sure that taking this medicine can cause glucagon-like Peptide one is controlled by which is largely dependent on our digestive system tries to maintain it. Now look GLP one level if high. Okay, right?
By taking this medicine inside our gut Please understand. What happens with this? Our Joe Neurons etc. are quite stimulated There are. Due to which the function of our gut It happens to work quite well Is. Our group should work well.
Does. It also helps to manage a Glucose level. This GLP One should keep in mind Brother. It is inside our body, isn't it?
GLP One is what all these things do.
Manages the glucose level in our body which in a way Treatment for people like diabetics The second one that will become easier is the glutelite border.
The limit is glutite it's just GLP one Targets GLP like receptors targets only forest while tirgepatite Whoever it is, he targets this simultaneously.
It regulates hormones etc. inside our body.
also infuses glucose Dependent Insul It is a polypeptide hormone. him too Boosts up. No straight away, then I will tell you Am. Trigepatite is just by binding to GLP1 receptors Does not stimulate. targets him Is. It also does GIP as well.
GIP stands for glucose dependent insulin There is trophic. Ok? Now you will see GIP also regulates the weight through the Receptors in the brain and fat cells. Correct Is? I will tell you further. Look here, it actually happens Let me tell you what it is. inside our bodies Which is a prescribed obesity.
That Body Marks Index should go above 30.
But it turns out that you are obese, that is, you Are victims of obesity. obesity is obesity That is called a disease. I am obese. Correct Isn't it? Or you can say overweight. If you look at If you are over 30, you are obese. if you If you are between 27 and 30, what is yours?
What are you? You are overweight. Ok?
You are overweight. Remember, overweight and obese That means obesity is a disease. Ok? Now See how we calculate body mass index.
That's what obese people over 30 would say. Isn't it? 27 and what will we say between 30 that we Are overweight. Ok? To understand this Do this. You have to calculate BMI. If If you want to calculate your body mass index, then your What is the total weight? All the people who are your Take it out and write it in the comments below.
What all is there? What is your total weight?
Divide that by the square of your height Do it. You will gain body mass index your BMI and if you are over 30 If it comes up, you should know that you are obese.
And if it comes between 27 to 30 then brother you Are overweight. Isn't it? Keep all this in mind It is important because such things will lead to By walking you may get high blood pressure, high cholesterol And are caused by type 2 diabetes. So All those of you who are overweight, get ready.
Stay. Blood pressure, high in the future For cholesterol and type 2 diabetes.
These medicines also have side effects.
Those observed were nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, Constipation, abdominal pain, indigestion, Injection site reaction, phatic allergy Reaction, belching, hair loss and heartburn It can also happen. But not death. That's why He was allowed to LI. Both of these medicines Take care of. And as many of you as Listening to class Check your BAMI Tell me.
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