This seminar provides a clear and systematic breakdown of networking essentials, making complex IP logic accessible to aspiring professionals. It is a commendable effort in democratizing technical knowledge through structured, free education.
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SUBNETTING NIGHT SEMINAR BY AB ICT 26 EDITIONAñadido:
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and uh a kind message for all our students. So our zoom is full guys. Okay, we have reached the maximum.
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Right, it's time to start up the subnite. Okay, so welcome all of y'all. So hi, asalamu alaikum and very good evening. I booan and then welcome. So we are going to start up today's session nicely. Okay.
So we already uh inform you all to join zoom to get the maximum. Okay. Because uh zoom has a limit. Okay. So still students are joining but everyone should go with the YouTube live. Okay. So welcome all of you people. Uh happy to see you all again with a free seminar.
So today we are going to do all the important parts to cover up our uh subnite okay subnitting part okay so we'll do okay so we'll nicely complete this today so I think everyone will give the support to do this program nicely and complete it with high satisfaction so always for all we'll start the session right So people uh today's class will be power packed something like this. I'm going to do now first of all uh we'll be discussing all the theory side of this uh subnitting part mainly subnitting only I'm going to talk you can know networking chapter six chapter there are many parts you need to cover but subnitting only I'm going to mainly target. So with subnitting we'll try to balance it and do okay right perfectly we are going to start okay directly in towards today's uh topic okay subnetting right give you a maximum and we'll clear this out one eight.
Okay. So we will uh first of all okay we'll try to uh study the theory sides.
Okay. I'll be explaining you all the techniques and we'll be doing past papers and we'll be trying to complete the entire subnitting part include first of all I'll be starting with class C subnitting and class B as well. Okay. So with the time we'll try to uh manage this and we'll do this program. Very nice. Okay. Right. So I'm going to start up the explanations now. Okay. So just give me one minute. Some students are messaging me regarding this. Wait. Okay.
Okay, let's start. So people uh first of all you people want to understand okay why are we studying uh IP addressing and what is the purpose of studying this right? First of all people if you take IP addressing okay if you take IP addressing right I'll start it out first of all people if you take IP address okay what is an IP address right we need to understand that first okay right what is IP address okay now example we'll say if you take our internet people okay if you take the internet okay if you want to connect this uh if you want to connect to this internet. Okay. Right.
Okay.
Right. If you want to connect to this internet people, okay, if you want to connect to this internet, so you people know.
See, okay. We'll say like this. I'll take the explanation like this. Now if you take a computer, if you take a computer, if you want to connect this computer to the internet, okay, you need something, okay, we call it as the NIC card, okay, we call it as NIC, okay, we call it as network interface card, okay, network interface card, right? network interface card we need.
Okay. The right now using this NIC only you can connect it to the computer. So using an NIC guys your computer will get the ability to connect to the internet.
If you don't have NIC means you can't connect. Okay. So in uh laptops and all guys inbuilt in the motherboard itself you have the NIC. Okay. So if you have NIC meaning you have the ability to connect to the internet. Now people this NIC is there and when you connect a device to the internet okay when you connect a device to the internet now if you take a person example a Sri Lankan person okay he is living a citizen is there in Sri Lanka all the citizen we will have a separate NIC number right national identity card number using that NI IC number you can identify each and every individual okay you can search for each and every individual uniquely through the NIC same like that people when you connect the devices to internet okay all these devices will have a IP address internet protocol address is there IP address so this IP address we'll say huge okay millions of devices will connect to the internet millions of devices okay not one not two not three millions okay now these uh computers okay these devices will get IP address okay those are unique every device will have IP address which is unique so through that IP address example we'll say he is having one he's having two he having three like Okay. Through this uh IP address only we can identify each and every device uniquely inside internet. Okay. So remember so remember using IP address you can identify you can identify any device.
Okay. Any device uniquely inside internet.
Uniquely inside internet. Okay. In the internet you can identify any device uniquely using an IP address. Okay. The right now people I was talking about nic interface card guys is having a address called MAC address.
Okay. network interfa interface card will have MAC address. So there is no relationship between the IP address and the MAC address but MAC address is assigned for the NIC that is separately for NIC we have but when you connect it to the internet IP address will be assigned and IP address will be changing okay that's not that's dynamic actually it will change okay IP address will change when you connect one time you will be having IP and another IP like that it will change but MAC address will not change that's a fixed address. I'm not going to talk about MAC address today. We need to go for the subnetting part. So therefore, I'm just giving an introduction. IP address what they will do. Okay. What's the usage of IP address? IP address is used to identify any device uniquely inside internet. So if you have an IP address, you can identify the device. Now people, why do we need an IP address? Okay, why?
Example, we'll say you are requesting something from YouTube. Okay, you are giving a request to the YouTube server.
You are getting that response from the YouTube server. Now, how they know?
Okay, how they are like identifying which device device gave which response and for which device I need to give this response through the IP address. Example when I when I give a request for the YouTube okay with through my IP only that request is going so that server will reply you okay through that IP okay something like a unique number now so through that they can communicate so mainly in internet to deliver the data okay to access servers everything all the data communication is handled by IP addressing okay right so people this is Just a small intro I gave right now I'm going to start you all the important parts right if you go in deeply guys IP address can be classified into two types okay IP address can be classified into two types right nicely focused right if you take IP address IP address I told you IP address we have two types Okay. The right IP address. We have IP version 4 address, IP version 4 and also we have IP version 6. Okay, IP version 4 and IP version 6. Okay, there are many theoretical sides you need to study in networking. I'm not going to go in deeply to the theory because I need to give you the concept of subnetting today with past papers. That's the target for the day. So therefore I'm not going to go deeply and like uh explain you all the theory side but I'm just giving you an idea and then I'm going to start right IP version 4 IP version 6 people if you take IP version 4 addresses okay internet protocol version 4 IP version 4 is a 32bit address okay we have 32 bits what is a bit a zero 01.
So there are 32 zeros and ones in that.
Okay. 32 bits will be there. Okay.
Example and the actually okay 32bit number and also this will be represented in dotted decimal notation. IP version 4 is represent in what notation? Dotted decimal notation. using dotted decimal notation only you can represent what IP version 4. Okay. So IP version 4 can be represented.
Yeah. IP version 4 can be uh represented using the dotted decimal notation.
Dotted decimal notation. Right.
Now if you take this IP version for address. Okay. We have two versions. No, there's a story why they introduce IP version 6 as well. Okay, we'll say now I told you 32bit address. Normally we represent this in decimal. Okay, decimal notation. Now we'll say example okay 192 168 1.0 Okay 192 168.1.0 zero is there. Now if you take this one people, if you take this address, okay, if you take this address, we call this one decimal value as a octed. What is that octed?
Okay, we call these as octets octets.
Okay, octed scale again, right? What is an octed? Very important people remember. Now if I convert this into binary format. Okay. Right. Normally we can represent this in binary format.
Okay. So when you find the subnet mask and all we need to do in binary I'll explain you later slowly. Now if you are going to like express this in binary means you will get eight bits. I'll just put like this. We'll say 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot again. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot. And then 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 like this. Every octed will contain eight bits. Okay, eight bits we will represent the number. Okay, but we are going to represent the number in decimal. So therefore remember this properly. Just remember IP version for addresses are using what what format?
They are using dotted decimal notation and also we call that every decimal number as a octed. Okay. So we have four octets here. 1 2 3 four octets. Right people? Now now why did they introduce IP version 6?
What's the reason? Okay. Why did they introduce IP version 6?
Right now people you need to understand very properly. Okay. IP version 4 put that deeply about classless IP class full IP. I'll explain slowly.
Now why did they introduce why did they introduce IP version 6. Right people? If you take IP version 6 internet protocol uh IP version 6 okay why did they introduce now see if you take IP version 4 address IP version 4 address can go up to 4.3 billion not approximate I'm just telling 4.3 billion addresses now if you take our globe okay yeah If you take our globe guys, okay, if you take our globe, our world, we have around 8 billion people population. Okay, 8 billion people. Now, nowadays many devices use internet. No, like all the devices, smart watch is there, smart light is there, smart washing machine, a lot of devices, smart TV.
So when all these uh devices connect to the internet we need to assign IP address. So therefore guys 4.3 billion IP address is not enough.
Okay 4.3 billion IP address is not enough to give a solution for that only guys they introduced IP version 6. Okay, IP version 6 can go up to a huge number.
Okay. More than like uh like 124 something billions or like that. I can't say the approximate value but huge huge number they can go. Okay. So people this is 32bit. No IP version 6 was using 128 bit 128 bit. Okay. IP version 6 128. And I told you this number IP version 4 was using dotted decimal notation. No, but IP version six using hexad decimal notation. Hexad decimal notation. Okay. So dotted decimal hexadimal notation. Okay. Remember the difference they asking this very important. Okay. and people IP version 6 example if we take okay so hexadimal notation you will have the numbers okay so it's like uh billions of devices we can use and all these things so remember IP version 4 we we are going to study so remember IP version 4 address 32bit dotted decimal notation one decimal value we call it as octed which contain 8 bits and 4.3 billion IP addresses.
Now 4.3 billion is not enough. Therefore we introduce IP version 6 to overcome that issue and we have 128 bit hexadesimal uh format. That's the summary of version 4 version six addresses. Can I know? Is it clear with a reaction, please? Okay, the intro. Intro still didn't start.
Okay, still didn't start.
Okay, we are in the intro yet.
Perfectly.
Perfectly done. All right.
Slowly we'll go for the slowly we'll go for the startup. Okay. Give your focus now.
Right people. Now when you go for IP version 4, IP version 6. Okay. Cheese. Perfect.
IP version 4, IP version 6. This is the introduction right? If you need anything I'll give you one minute just have a piece of paper guys. So when I say important points write and keep that's how we are doing today separately I will not give time to write. So minute.
Okay.
Yeah.
Quick.
Right. Okay. Good to go. And moving on.
IP version 6 around a big value. Okay.
100 and something billion. Okay.
They can go right people it's time to start the subnetting now everyone we'll do it see right okay subnitting I'm going to start subnitting right if you take subnitting we'll understand the concept behind subnetting first concept behind subnetting what is subnitting what is submitting people will say you have a cake.
We'll say you have a cake and you need to divide this cake between okay you need to divide this cake in between two people you and your brother you'll say you are going to cut the cake into two and you are going to divide it okay properly you need to cut it down okay right like this you'll say now your brother is taking a piece you are taking a piece and then and then from your other piece one of your friend is coming and asking me maj small piece will you right you are dividing that other piece into half and you are giving the half to your friend now actually what is happening here you are dividing the cake according to your requirement no according to your requirement you dividing the K and you are giving same thing is happening in IP addressing as well submitting we are going to divide our sub IP address into into portions okay pieces and we are going to give so we need to study how to divide how to assign and how to do the works that's what important that's what important now people I'm going to start up. I'm going to start up simply how to do this.
Okay, please focus now the basic is going to come for you all and we are going to study right before I go for this subnetting part I'll simply explain you people. Okay, what is class full IP?
What is classless IP? That's very important. Huh? Okay, many of you all have this uh confusion.
Okay, classless IP, class full IP. Okay, and then we can go for the Yeah, we can go for our uh other parts. Okay, right.
Give your focus now. Right.
What is classful addressing? What is classless addressing? Many student don't know this. Okay, they confuse it. You don't need to have big uh idea. Okay.
Simply you can understand right class and you have something called classless.
Class full classless right? What is this? We'll understand. If you take class full IP guys, if you take a class full IP something like this. Now we you people we people are doing class full.
Okay. We are dividing the IP address into classes. Okay. What are the classes? We have a B C D E you will divide. Okay. We have classes. So class full IP. Now if you take class A, okay, you all have studied this in theory. No.
So 1 2 1 2 6 you will have uh A. Okay. And then 128 to 1 91 you will have B. And then 1 92 to 22 23 you will have what? 23 you will have C. And then 22 42 22 42 23 9 you will have D and also 2 42 55 you have E. Now people normally from 0ero to like 1 to 255 we can go okay right now if you take this A class B class C class D class E class we are dividing into five right we are dividing the class classes into five okay now see now see right here Many students will confuse. Sir, where is 127?
Where is 127? Where is that? Okay, I'll explain. There is a story behind that.
We don't take 127. Okay, 127 will be not considered here, you know. Okay, some people might know the reason. I'll explain that now. Give me some time to explain this. Right. So we have class A, class B, class C, class E.
Okay, we have class C, class D, class E addresses. We have people. Now when you do class full IP addressing, we will actually uh like divide IP addresses into classes and we will give okay example. Now if you need big amount of host now example if you take these classes okay explain nicely nicely focused nicely focused if you take class A guys class A class A IP addresses I told you now example we'll say if you have IP address like this 1 2 uh 5 okay 10 dot 1.2 two is there. Now how can I identify this IP is belonging to which class? Remember properly people using this first octet only you can identify is it a class A, class B, class C, class D or class E. Now this is in between 1 to 5 means in between 1 to 1 to six. No. So this is a class A IP.
This is a class A IP. Can you understand? So using the first octet only you can identify what class is that what class that IP is belonging to.
Example if you have a IP address okay 193.2.3 2.3 num okay using this you can identify okay this using the first octet you can identify this is a class C IP okay this is a class C IP so like that you can understand now people 127 I'll explain give me some time okay I'll come to that now if you take this IP addresses if you take class A IP You know there are four octets. No. Now example 10.1.0.1.
This is a class A IP. 10 means class A.
No. Right. So you can see we have here four octets. No. 1 2 3 and four. In this if it is a class A IP guys. Class A IP.
Your first octed will be network. Other octet will be host. Other octet will be host. Other octet will be host.
Okay, there will be first octed is a network octed others will be host bits.
Okay, and then if you take a B class B IP address, class B IP address, your first octed is network, second octed is network, third is host, fourth is host.
If it is a class C IP, your first is network, second is network, third is network, fourth is host. If it is a class D IP, everything is network. Everything is network.
Okay. All are network. If it is a class E also, all our network all are network.
Right? This how we have the network octets and the host octets we have network bits and host bits we have. Now what is the problem in this classless IP? Why are we not using this properly?
Now we are using this but in different way okay right we'll say a company needs okay a company needs okay we'll say around 500 subnets okay okay okay a company need 500 okay now before that I'll go a little little more explanation about this people now I told you a class a IP address is having network host host host no and class B IP address is having network network host and host no and class C IP is having network host and host and host no I'm not going to explain you about these two why because these are fully network no we can't we can't assign them if you have host bits only you and assign host or else that is fully for networks.
Okay. So D and E we don't need to talk about A B C we'll study right people now I told you this is octed this is a one octed this is a one octctor this is a one octed one octed will contain how many bits reply me one octed will contain how many bits eight one octed eight bits I told you so this network bit will have eight bits this is having 8 bits. This is having 8 bits. This is having 8 bits. This network 8 bits. This network 8 bits.
This network host 8 bits. This host 8 bits. This network 8 bits. This 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit. Hurry.
First thing done. Now I told you network host host host. Okay. Sorry guys, methan I made a small mistake. No, this is network host host. Sorry. Network network and thenost.
Okay.
Sorry. Wait, wait, wait, wait.
Network. Network. Network.
Okay. Okay. Shape. Shape. Shape shape.
So see hurry hurry hurry. Not right again.
Network and then host host host.
Right. Good. Good. Thank you. Network.
Network. Network. Host. Right now people you people tell me now here you can see 8 bit for network and how many bit for host?
Tell me network you have 8 bits for host you have 24 bits.
Here you have network 16 bits and you have host 16 bits and here you have network 24 bits and host 8 bits.
Okay. So in class A you have eight network 24 host. In class B you have 16 network 16 host. In class C you have 24 network eight host.
Perfect.
Until this is it clear until this is it clear. Tell right good good. Thank you. Now, soar.
Okay. Right.
Now, people now, now class A network, I told you there are eight bits for network and you have uh 24 bits is there right now.
Okay. Now, you need to understand people in this. You need to understand in this example we'll say okay right now here you can go in class A guys you can go 2 to the^ 24 host okay and in class B you can go 2 ^ 16 host okay and in class C you can go 2 ^ 8 host okay right 2 ^ 8 means you can go up until uh until 256.
You can go 256. Okay, I'll explain about this. Okay, we can't go 256. There is a reason. I'll explain that slowly. Wait.
Now we'll say a company is coming. I'm still explaining you about the classless class full IP. I didn't go for the subnitting. Still wait people we'll say a department is coming. A company is asking you for 500 IPs.
Okay. They they are telling I need 500 uh uh com I need to accommodate 500 IP addresses. Can you give they asking now can you give reply me can you give 500 IP addresses they need? Can you give a class C IP? Tell me. Can you give a class C IP?
They need 500.
Can you give a class C IP?
Can you give a class C IP? You can't give. Okay. You can't give. No. Right.
Why? In class C IP, how much you can go?
256. Is it enough to accommodate 500?
No. Okay. You can't accommodate 500.
Okay. 256 256.
I'll explain 5 256 do it's not enough.
So people we need to go with class B.
No. If you are if you are following the class full IP okay class full IP addressing you need to go for class uh 2 the^ 16 which is around 65,000 okay 534 65,534 IP addresses are there now just imagine guys they only require 500 but we need to give 65,534 around 65,000 IP addresses you are wasting there. Can you understand? They are requesting for a 500 IP but you are giving a classful IP means a B IP class B IP. So you are providing them 65,534 IP addresses for 500 IP addresses and you are wasting around 65,000 IP addresses.
That's a waste. No, that's a waste. No.
So therefore we had problems like this in what class full IP addresses. Why? When you provide IP addresses in the mean of classes class A, class B, class C, M fixed if you give guys this way stage will happen. This way stages happen. Okay.
And you have limits for this. Many things were there for that only guys they went they came across a solution class.
Okay. Now class this is class full. Now they came across a solution called classless IP addressing. No difference a small change.
Then only guys they introduced something called CIR.
What is that? Okay. According to the requirement we can give example.
Okay. example we'll say now if they need uh like if now in this actually now I'm not going to confuse you all if you are following the class full IP addressing the C will come now in this are we using C okay but in this we are going to use C notation and do right then last we'll go for the understanding now I'm going to start the theoretical side how to study this. Okay. Now slowly I'm going to start you class C IP addressing. Please try to focus properly that make it clear. I think this is clear for you. Okay. A class, B class, C class, everything. Right now we'll start.
Okay. All the concepts I'm going to make it very clear for you. We'll start.
We'll say you have a IP address 192 168 1.0.
You people tell me is it a class A or a B or a C IP address? You tell me 192.168 very good class C. This is a class C IP address. Sorry, you know that we know the range and we know that it is a class C IP address.
Now people I'm going to explain you okay I'm going to explain you how to take this very simple see in this people right we'll say I told you in this the first bit okay this first octet is network second octet is also network.
Third octity is also network.
Only the fourth oct is host. Now we are going to study only class C. Now only class C. Please focus. Okay. Give your have your motivation. Today itself will complete this. No more uh problems with subnetting are finished. So give your focus. I'll I'll guarantee the understanding. Right. I told you here eight here eight here eight all together 24 bits for network I'm not go I'm not going to go for the binary method and confuse you all slowly we'll do binary also I'll teach you in class B and I'll explain you in that also easy now we'll say our host is there okay eight bits Right?
Now if you represent this number okay in binary you need to convert 192 to binary 168 to binary one to binary like that we can do right now we'll say they are giving you this IP address and they are asking you to divide this IP into two okay divide this IP into two example subnet one subnet A and they are asking you to divide to subnet B. We'll say two subnets. Okay. And people they are asking you to divide and show it to your right. Show divide and show. Right.
We'll do people remember how many network bits are there? 24. How many host bits are there? Eight.
Now remember if you want to divide a IP address into pieces you need to go with two to the powers. Example 2 ^ 1 you can divide into two. 2 ^ 2 you can divide into 4. 2 ^ 3 you can divide into 8. 2 ^ 4 you can divide into 16. Like that you can do. Now we need two. No. So we can divide into two because in in the powers you can do that. So we can divide it. No issues, right? We'll divide. How? Now we have 192 168 1.0.
People can you see in this side we have the network bits. Here we have the host bits. Now you tell me into how many subn networks we need to divide this IP. I was tell I was I was I was telling now how many subnet A and subnet B how many two no right two IP addresses okay two subnet networks I'm going to divide remember if you borrow one bit from this host to this side already you have 24 from the host you are transferring one bit to this side this side will become 25 this side will become seven. Now if you transfer one bit to this side guys the IP address is divided into two. Now okay remember so when you transfer bits from the host to the network only subnets will come. Okay. If you transfer one one host bit two subnets. If you transfer two host bits how many? Four.
If you transfer three hot bits eight like that we can do. Now people, okay now people when you transfer one guys what is happening when you transfer one one uh bit to this side your network side is becoming 25 and your host is becoming seven meaning okay now altogether I told you in in a like in a class C IP you you have maximum 256.
Now if you are going to divide this into two means you will get 1281 128 no 1281 128 you will get now what we can do for a we can say 192.168.1.02 02 okay from zero okay like this see yeah I'm including zero now see 0 1 2 3 4 okay from 0 to 5 means how many numbers are there you people tell me 0 to 5 means how many numbers are there 0 to Five 0 to 5 means how many numbers are there?
0 1 2 3 4 5 six digits are there right 0 to 5 six. Then if we are starting from zero and if you want to give 128 where will it end? Tell me from 0 until much how many you need to give to make it 1 to8.
Very good. 02. If you give until 127, you will get the first network. Okay.
192 1681.0 to 192 1681.127.
Now we have given until 127 and we are starting the second subnet from where 192 168 1 dot the next one uh 1282.
Now people see here the maximum we can give in class C is 256.
Then if we are starting at 0 until 255 we can give same logic 0 to 6 means uh five uh 0 to 5 means six numbers like that. If you give from 0 to 256 or 255 you will have 256 numbers. Now 192 168 1.1282 you will get 192 1681.255 255 until 255 it will go.
Tell me are you clear with what I did now? What I did? I Yeah, I was dividing a class CIP into I was dividing a class CIP into just two. That's it.
With a reaction till Perfect.
Give your focus, sir. Give your focus.
Right.
Right now. See. So, good.
Right now see now see people in default in class C I told you you have 24 network bits and eight host bits. Now now when you transfer one bit to this side guys our IP address will divide into two. That's how the division is happening. Can you understand? When you transfer from host bit to network bit only subnetting will happen the division will happen. So when you transfer one bit to this side 2 to the^ 1 two subnets will come. If you transfer two bits to uh through the network side 2 to the^ 2 four bits will come. So that's what from this eight when you transfer one to this side this is becoming 25 which is network bits are becoming 25 and host bits is becoming what? Seven hospitality is becoming seven right now. You people tell me guys in this one subnet in this one subnet how many host is there from 0 to 127 means how many IP addresses we have very good 128 we have in this 128 we have correct no 128 128 all together 256 is there right I know you got a Small shape you have understood this no right.
Okay you people tell me first of all are you clear when you transfer bits from host to the network side subnets are coming. Is it clear for you? Tell me first.
When you transfer bits from the host side to the network side only the subnetting is happening. Are you clear with that? First of all, right, that's clear now. Okay. Now see right.
Okay. Now we'll say I'll go with another example. Right. One shot. I'll go with a new another example. Focus properly.
Right.
Please focus properly.
1 minute.
Right. We are going to start the another example now. Wait a minute.
Yeah. Okay. Fine.
Right. Right.
We'll say they are giving you a IP address 192 161 2 0 and people in some questions I'll explain that as well I'll complete that and I'll go for some examples right P slash in some questions they will give you 24 25 like that. Right?
We call this one as a CIR.
We call this one as the CIR.
Okay. We call that call it as what? C I D R. Right?
Now, CI is very important connection connectionless interdomain routing.
You don't need the full format. Just remember that what what it's going to do, right? Don't confuse, right? This CR mean guys, it will say how many network bits are there? How many network bits are there? He will say to you how many network bits are there?
How many network bits are there? So if you check the C you can find in that IP how many network bits are there. Right people in default what is this IP? Tell me is it a class C or A or B or what? What is the class? What is what is the default of this IP address?
Class C IP. This is a class C IP.
Right?
If it is a class C IP address, you know people this is network, this is network, this is network, this is host.
Are you clear with that reaction? Slowly we'll take. Slowly we'll take. Are you clear with that?
If it is a class C, that's network. N network host. Hurry. Perfectly.
Perfectly done. Hurry.
You know in this network you have eight bits. In this network you will have octets. No. These octets. No. Eight bits. Here eight bits. Here eight bits.
Is it clear? For each and every octed you have 88 88 88 8 bits.
Hurry. Now see I'll denote it like this.
8 bits. Okay. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. Okay. And then 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Right. I have denoted this 88 8 bits as bits. Okay.
8 88.
Right now here 8 this is a network you have eight. This is a network you have eight. This is a network you have eight.
all together. Now tell me how many network bits are there now? 24 888 24.
So all these 24 bits are representing network.
Am I clear?
All those 24 bits are representing network.
Are you clear?
Are you clear? Yes. Now, now.
Okay.
Now, now people I can say there are 24 network bits and there are eight host bits. Clear? Now, right.
Now we'll say people can you see network bit is 24 and the C is also 24 then if the network bit now normally in default class C is network bits is 24 and C is also 24 they have given then this is a default IP how to find I'll explain Right? Now we'll say you need to divide this IP into two pieces. I told you in two to the powers only you can divide it.
Okay? You can divide into 2 or 4 or 8 or 16 or 32 like that only you can divide.
Now we'll say people you need to divide the IP into two.
If you want to divide the IP into two now 2 ^ 1 no two 4 means 2 ^ 2 no 8 means 2 ^ 3 no 16 means 2 ^ 4 no 32 means 2 ^ 5 no now you tell me if you want to make two uh subnets how many bits you need when you borrow one bit from this side to this guys which is 2 ^ 1 one bit you borrowing so it will make two subnets if you borrow two bits from this side to this means you are borrowing two bits 2 ^2 four subnets will come now you tell me if I want to divide the IP into two from this host side how many bits I need to transfer for the network side.
If I want to make two subnets, how many bits I need to transfer from network sorry host side to the network side.
Very good. Very good. If you want to make two subnets, you transfer one bit.
Why may if you transfer one bit to this side, this one bit to this side, 2 to the power one, two subnets will come. If you transfer two here, two to this side, 2 to the power two, four subnets will come.
According to your requirement, you transfer. We call it as the borrow bits.
May borrow you are borrowing from the host to the network. Now people in default in default in default you have 24. No in default you have network with 24. Now if you are making two subnets one bit will come to this side. Right? If you are borrowing this to this side one bit will come to this side. Meaning 24 + 1 25 bits will come for network and for the host you will only get seven bits.
Is it clear? Now same thing you people tell me I need 16 subnets then how many bits for network? How many bits for host? Tell me. I need 16 subnets. Then how many bits for network?
How many bits for host?
If it is two, one, we need to transfer.
If it is 16, then think very good. If it is 16, you need to transfer four bits. 2 ^ 4 16.
Okay. Powers.
Okay. So what will happen when you transfer four bits? Now all together you have normally you have like this. No 8 8.
Here these 24s are 24 bits are network.
This this is host. Now when you transfer four bits to this side, network bits will become 28 and host bit will you will have four.
Can you understand now? Tell me are you clear? When you transfer bits from the host to the network side, your subnets will come.
Quickly tell me now.
That's what to create subnets only borrowing. I I'll explain now. Wait right now. See? Right. I'll go with the full question now.
Right.
Class C full question now right we'll say you have a IP address we need to discuss about subnet mass everything okay right now people will say you have IP address like this 192 171 600 / 20 uh 5 Now default you know in class C IP address you will have 24 network bits eight host bits will be there.
If you take this one, if you take the CR, what is the C? Now CI is 25.
Meaning I told you this CI meaning there are 25 network bits. That's the meaning. No, right?
25 network bits.
In default guys, in default you know we need to have 24 but there is 25 now.
Then you people tell me is this a default IP address or a subneted IP address? Is it default or already subneted?
Default we need to have default we need to have 24 but guys we have 25 now then one bit is came no one bit has came from host to the network side that's what it has become what uh it has become 25 can you understand now okay one bit is came from this to this side that's what we we we have we can identify that's 25. Now you tell me how many subnets we have in this IP.
This is 25. No already it is divided into how much?
It it has become 25.
Okay. So how many bits came? How many bits came? Tell me.
I can't check all the messages guys. I'm checking all. Uh one bit came one bit came means how many subnets?
One bitk means one bit means two subdates guys what's the meaning now what's the meaning ah already we have a IP you have divided it into two and they have given you a half that's the mean they have given you the half now can you understand they have not given the full one then in this IP address. How many host you have? Can you give 256 maximum key?
Now already you have transferred one bit to the network side. Only seven bits left.
How many then? 2 ^ 7. How many all together? Now totally 256 then half. How many?
128. Perfect.
Perfect.
Now I'll ask you another question. Tell 192 175 2.0/26.
Now tell me is it is this a default one or is it the subneted one? I'll open the everyone's chat box because I can't check individual that it's hard. Okay.
Right. Everyone is it subneted or is it default?
Subneted or default put for everyone. Please don't send uh private subneted one.
How many network bits? How many host bits? Tell.
How many network bits? How many host bits?
Think think.
C 26.
Network bits 26. Why? CDR is also 26.
Host bits two transferred then already 24. Default 24.
26.
Very good. 8.
Can you understand? Now tell me how much of usable IP addresses we have. Now the IP address is like this 26 means already two bits are like borrowed from the host side. Then how many sub networks are there? Tell me.
Two bits.
Four. Now tell me in this one subnet.
Okay. How much of usable IP you can give?
How much of usable IP you can give? Now all fully 256.
Fully 256. If I ask you usable IP, you tell the full format.
If I ask you how many bit, you say the bit six bit. If I ask you how many very good 256 you have, right? Hurry. They are giving you like this 192 168 1.0/28 0/28 hurry wait how many network bits how many host bits how many subnets How many host usable host bit? How many usable host that is also 60?
Okay.
Now tell me with the reaction are you clear about the C?
If they say /24 25 or 26 or 27 you know now that's the thing now shall we go deeply right okay now I'll go with an example Now that's okay.
192 168 1.0/25 0 /25 we'll say people before that I'll just give you a small explanation about subnet mask and come right people to find the subnet mask some people some some teachers they will teach you to perform it through binary but I will not teach you because binary guys we can go it go uh like using the binary method we'll You can just do it in the normal decimal way. But for class B, we need to perform the uh sub binary format. So in class B, I'll explain you the binary format. Class C important.
Class C is the priority today. Okay. Right.
Now see here.
Okay.
Subnet mask guys. You know class A, class B, class C.
Class A we have network, host, host, host.
Class B, network, network, host and host. Class C network host.
People for this network we take 255 and host we take zeros 0 0 here 255 255 0 dot 0 255 255 255 0.
So guys if it is network 255 host can 0 0 0. So what is the default subnet mask of class C? 255 255 255 and zero. This is the default one.
Okay. Right. This will change when we do subnetting. Default is this. Default is this. This will change when you do subnetting. Hurry.
Now people the default subnet mask is this one. Hurry. Now we'll go for question now slowly we'll do right we'll say they have given you class okay department A department A department B department C we'll say there are three departments and they are asking you okay they are asking you the IP address range now we'll say hurry shall we start come to the everyone's chat now everyone come to everyone's chat right let's start slash 25.
How many network bits?
How many host bits?
Right now people already okay first of all wait is it a subneted IP or default IP? Is it a default class C or is it already subneted?
Subnet into how much?
Please people this is your IP divided into two. Why? Already this is this has become 25.
Now people you have how many host now? Totally you have how many host remaining?
Seven bits. Seven bits you have. I'm asking if I ask you how many bits you say the bits. If I ask you how many you say meh value 128 seven bits 1 to8 1 to8 host.
Okay.
128 you have meaning now only you have a portion like this guys and how many subnets we are they are asking you now they are giving you the IP and they are telling to divide into how many three can you divide into three tell me can you divide into three can you divide into three I was explaining it earlier Then how much you can divide?
You can't divide into three.
You need to give you need to divide into four and give three. Okay. What you are going to do? You are going to divide this IP this piece into four and then you are going to give three for these three departments. One will be wasted.
We'll give this. Okay. Now people the default IP we have is the starting IP 192 168 1.0 starting until okay now we are going you totally you have 128 you will divide that into four and give three. If you divide 1 28 into 4 how much for one one piece very good 32 methan 32 methan 32 methan 32 now for the first department we'll give 32 from 0 to until how many we need to give to make it 32 0 to 0 to 31 so 192 168 1.31 Next department IP will start from what?
192 168 1.32 then 32 to how much?
I give you 192 168 1 63 and then 192 168 1.64 642.
From 64 to until 192 168 1 dot 127. No 127 9. That's all.
May from 64. Now 32 32 32. Now we are giving again 95. May 64 64 32 meaning 96 again 95.
Okay. 95.
Okay. And then now we don't have that.
We don't have okay department. I'm just putting like this. Tell me the other department's IP will start now. 192 1.96 to Now only 127 192 168 1.127 why only we need four only we need four right are you clear everyone with the reaction please starting right if they uh skew like this you can divide and give right let's go for let's go for now see now see we'll do it now we will we have started the basement here I'll explain you guys now in this range range. Okay, in this range in this range people this first type I is there department network address okay the IP's first address network address in this this one we call it as the broadcast address the last IP address example we'll say you have a network 192 1712.0 0.
Okay. And uh from this we'll say this is a default one. It meaning you can go until 192 171 2.255. No this is your network address. This is your broadcast address. First and the last people remember you can't take this network and you can't take this broadcast into your usable IP. Meaning or computer you can't assign that after this from from like after the network address only you can start meaning 192 1712.1 you can start and before this you need to stop meaning 192 171 2254 you need to stop can you understand Right.
Deeply right now see we'll say people 192 168 1.0 0.
Okay.
Slash 24, right?
And they are asking you to divide this into department A, B, C, D, four departments.
And they're asking you the network address and then the broadcast address and then the first valid IP and then the last valid IP and we'll say they're asking you the subnet mask as well.
Right? Subnet mask.
Right? Let's start up. Give your focus right before I start.
Before I start now, you people tell me is it a default or a subneted IP?
default IP we need to divide the subnet into four right all together totally in a default class CIP how many host we have how many hosta I'm not asking the bits.
Again, same thing you guys are telling.
If I ask you the bits, you say the bits.
If I ask you how many, you say how many?
Uh 256.
256.
Now if you divide this 256 into four, one subnet will get how many IPs?
64 right now let's let's start the right now we can start the default here 192 168 1.02 what is the last IP starting the last one we'll end with where 192 168 1 dot 63 and then it will start 192 168 1.642 642. Tell me the ending.
192 168.
Very good. 1.127 and then 192 168 1.1282 192 168 1 dot 128 + 64 91 192 168 1.1 1922 192 168 1 dot how much?
255 255 right now people I told you to find the first now network and broadcast is done now first valid IP how to find after the network address the first IP we can use network and broadcast we can't use so what is the first valid IP here 190 very good 192 1681.1 1 until 192 168 1 63 Okay, sorry. 62 62 and then here 192 168 1.652 652 192 168 1.126 192 168 1.1292 192 168 1.190 From this you need to minus1 from this you add one 192 168.1932 to 192 168.1.254.
Right?
Are you all clear with this valid IP and uh valid IP and also uh last valid IP with a reaction please everyone?
Right.
Done. Now let's start.
Right.
We'll see how much of you all can stay until the last time. Yeah. Subnet mask.
Easy. Okay. Subnet mask people if you take subnet mask is little different to identify. I'll explain you the easiest method.
People normally you know subnet masking now this class C know and equally we are giving 64 64 64 64 people if you divide the IP into equal we call it as FLSM fixed length subnet mask okay fixed length subnet mask if you divide it into like example 64 for1 32 for1 like that if you do that is uh variable length subnet network VLSM I'll explain slowly right see people now you know in class C you know network network host no meaning 255 255 255 0 method 255 255 255 Okay to find this host guys you need to do a small working now all together how many host we have totally 256 For one subnet how many host we have 0 to 63. How many host?
We are giving how many?
Tell how many we are giving? Uh we are giving 64. 64.
Then guys total is 256.
If you minus 64 from this, if you minus okay total uh total minus host okay you will get 192 okay so therefore the subnet mass this last part will be 192 so you can take the 256 minus the host how many host we are using simple okay 256 minus host Right? So you will get 192 every all the uh subnets will get equal subnet mask.
Why same no 64 64 A also 64 255 255 255 192 like this you can find the subnet mask as well. Right? people in some questions they will ask you to write the IP range.
Okay, if they ask you to write the IP range from network address to uh broadcast address, you can write or first valid IP to last valid IP, you can write. But if they ask you write down the usable IP range, you need to write it from the first valid IP to last valid IP. If they ask you to write usable IP, if they ask you to usable, usable can first valid to uh last last valid IP address. Okay. H people now are you all clear with this table?
Before I go for the next example, I'll go for another example as well. Tell a little tricky question we need to do now.
Understood perfectly. Quickly tell me.
Keep the motivation sacrifice.
Moving on.
Right. See here we'll start.
We'll say people 192 171 20.0 0 / 26 is there.
Now they are telling you to okay find out the help me we'll say department A is there department A is there right 256 beta okay department A will say they are requiring 30 computers department B will say they are having uh 14 computers. Department C will say they are having uh 10 computers.
Now they are asking you the network address, broadcast address and the usable IP ranger.
usable IP range they are asking we'll say and the submit mask we'll find it out right it's time for all to reply me let's go for meeting chat okay default or submitted submitted how many network bits How many hospital bits guys try to reply to my questions others also then only you people will get the knowledge. How many network bits? How many host?
26 network six host.
How many host?
How many host?
64 64 hosties there.
Now meaning we have normally default in class C you have a IP like this which is 256.
They have divided this into four and they have only given you 64. Now they are requiring now you have a piece like this.
in here.
Okay. A piece like this you have 64.
Now you need 30.
Can you allocate properly 30? Can you give properly 30 in the two to the powers? Can you give to 30? No. How much you can give? 30 means how much? Very good. 32 you can allocate. If they ask 14, can you give properly? 14 then you can give how much?
16 you can give for 10. How much you can give? 16 you can give. Now 32 16 64 is coming. Shall we give now? Yeah. See here it's start starting 192 171 20.0 0 to 192 171 20 dot. Now starting from zero until uh how much first we are for the department A we need to give 32. So it will go until 31.
Class B uh sorry not class B department B department C department B will start 192 171 20 32 to 192 171 203 sorry okay 32 + 16 you will get how much 40 48 meaning 47 7 again 192 171 20.48 48 to 192 16 192 171 20 64 Okay 63 okay 63 he will go now people usable IP then I'm not going to write the full entire I'll only write the last two octets 20.1 to 2030 30 here 20.33 to 20.46 20.49 to 20.62 62.
Now people to find the subnet mask already you know 255 255 255. Now this is a class C know guys. Class C means what is the total host you have? Count 256. 256. Okay. 256. What is the IP range you have here? Usable IP.
Very good. Usable is how much? 32 here.
No. So you can minus 256 - 32. How much?
62 minus. Yeah. here O 224. So 255255.224 224.
Okay. 224 you will get.
Then uh for this one what is the subnet mask? Tell me only the final part. The method 16 then 256 - 16 how much? 2 4 0. So 255 255 255 2 4 0 255 255 255 2 4 0 Like this you take are you all here now with a reaction you show it to me Peace.
Seriously.
Right. One minute.
right?
So that's how that's how these parts will come. Right. So people uh we have completed the class C main parts. Okay.
Right now I was explaining you all about that 127 why not it's coming right but why 127 is not coming okay I told you 127 is not coming because there are some reasons in that okay now normally 127 Right.
Okay. Now we will actually uh now if they give all the IP addresses. Okay.
Okay, if they give all the IP addresses to check with the internet and for their work okay for the internets now they need to internet society they need to manage the internet now if there are some errors and all these things what they are what they are doing guys they are keeping a set of IP reserved okay a set of IP reserved IPs reserved IP we can't use them those are reserved okay in that the 1 to 7 1 to7 range is we call it as loop back address. Okay, we call them mass loop back address or uh that is used for loop back testing.
Okay, you don't need to have the full entire deep theory. I'm just telling the concept for the loop back uh usage.
Okay, for the loop back only we are using that. Okay. So for the loop back they are for the simply remember 127 IPS are used to like for the loop back error correction reserve okay loop loop back means guys the data okay the device sends data again to the same device and check whether that's functioning properly something like that. So 1 to 7. Okay. Normally okay.
Yeah.
Yeah. So something like this. Okay. 127 is used to used by the computer to talk with with the same computer. Now example he talking about computer is sending data packets to itself and checking whether the uh network is functioning properly or not. So 127 is a loop back address. Okay. Loop back testing use.
That's the reason now. Right. Now let's go for Yeah. Let's go for the testing part now.
Yeah. Testing means uh yeah recording is there in the YouTube. No issues.
Recording will be there.
Try to be okay.
13.
Shall we go for the past papers? Now past papers I'll be explaining you all now one by one by one by one people uh in some areas they will give you MCQ questions like this they will ask you example 192 168 8 0 dot okay so 1 dot 3 slash 60 sorry 25 and if they ask you what is the network address and the broadcast address of this IP how can you reply tell me will 192 168 Okay. 68 1 3/2 five What is the network address and yeah and broadcast? Tell me.
Good. Perfect.
Shall I open the jet?
Yeah. Tell me now.
very good. Now see here people I'll explain this sir what now in this can you see they have given you the C25 no okay now reply me I'm going to ask questions if it is CR 25 subneted O subneted O is it subneted or default subnated. How much?
How many subnets?
Two subnets meaning two subnets. No, meaning 0 to 127 they have one and 128 to 255 they have one.
Okay, you need to check with this.
Now tell me this IP3 three if this is three it is belonging to 127 or the uh this one 127 belonging the 255 belonging tell me if it is three for the first half or the second half7 again then what is the network here 192 168 1 0 to 192 168 1 dot 127. This is the range. Can you understand? Now if they ask you questions like this okay and if anyone can tell me what is the subnet mask of this?
What will be the subnet mask? You know that is 255 255 255 because C know plus C. What will be the last octed?
20.
Think properly.
Think properly. Think properly. We are giving how much here are we? are we ah 256 minus 128 meaning 128 so you will get 255255 255.128 good are you all clear we'll go for reaction Peace.
Easy. No.
Easy, right? If it is easy. Okay. For me, give me a reaction like this.
We'll react AB.
We'll react AB. Yeah.
Go and search for AB.
Mohamad giant.
Giant giant.
Okay.
questions.
You all need a song. Not now. After questions, I need somebody.
Okay.
Yeah questions guys uh class subnetting okay but I'll try to give you an explanation no issues first of all class 18 onwards we'll do 18 onwards up to 24 we'll do all the motions Okay.
All right.
Class B normally. Class B.
But I can't say it will not come.
Guaranteed.
Okay, understood.
No issues. I'll teach. Okay.
Uh is that is your first question is answered now.
Class VM class V.
Okay.
Confusing.
Yep.
2018 paper.
Shall I explain? Oh, you are going to do.
Okay. I'll explain this uh other question onwards. You guys do happier.
Our students have the consistency, right?
See here the XYZ company has six departments namely production, accounts, sales, admin, maintenance, IT. Following table shows the number of computers available in each of the departments D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D5, D6. Each department needs to have their own local area network. Okay. On local area network administrator has received a class C IP address block 192 248 1540/24.
Right.
It is required to submit the IP address block to satisfy the requirements of each department and allocate IP addresses to them.
You people reply me. I'll open the check box default or submitted right. Second thing they we need six departments. Can you give six count?
Can you give Can you divide the IP into six I six and give? Can you divide it to six and give? You can't divide it into six and give. Then how many?
Eight and we need to divide it that it into eight and give you hurry the method if you divide an IP 256. No, if you divide it into eight guys, one subnet will get how many IP address? How many how many uh IPs?
Totally 256. If you divide into eight and you one will get how much?
32 methan 32 methan 32 methan 32 methan 32 methan 32 methan 32 like that eight it will go but we'll just allocate how much we'll just allocate six okay first one how many addresses are available in the IP address block totally now this one they asking default default in a class C how many IP addresses You can have totally how many? How many?
How many IP addresses?
256 IPs.
What are the first and last address of the IP address blocked in that? What is the first? I'll only write the last two octets. 154.0 0 to 150 dot here 255 255 here how many host bits are required to create the required subn network we are going to divide the network into how many sub networks tell me we can't give six so we are dividing into how much eight to make eight subnet From the host side, how many bits you need to bring?
Is it four?
Three. Why? If you borrow three, 2 ^ 3 8.
If you borrow four, 2 ^ 4 16 2. Okay. Three bits you need to borrow from the host side. So how many bits three bits after subnetting write the relevant NA subnet mask allocated range IP address right we'll write it down soon we'll start it out right so 192 fully I'm not going to write only the last two octets but you don't write like that exam fully 154.0 zero. So you will until you will uh give until 154 how much 31 no 32 31 subnet mask they asking now totally 256 people how many uh IPs for one subnet 32 so if you minus 32 you will get here four 5 - 3 here two here 2 2 4 so you will get here 255 255 255 224 all you will get the same 255 224 why all the IP uh subnets have equal blocks 32 right now zero and then uh it will end in 154.31 and it will start here we'll We'll do we'll do we have questions 32 and it will go until 15430 sorry 32 in plus 3260 3 very good and then 154 32 again how much 154.64 64 to I32 95. Okay. 95 finish.
Okay.
Next one.
It will start with 154 96 96 I 32 till 96 32 very good very good very good 154.127 own but I'm just writing to make it clear 154.128 now again 32 159 and then 154.162 it will go until uh 154.92 okay 154 191 and there are two more it will go right IP address range they asking you can give uh usable You can give the network.
So we'll give 154.0 to 154.31 154.32 to 154.62 sorry because NAB we are writing 154.64 64 to54.954.96 to54 22754.129254.159 Okay 4154.128 to 1549 954.160 to54.19 like this you can write right is it clear for you tell me are you all clear with this reaction superb Right. Moving on.
2020 paper.
2020 paper different question or some now. Okay. Tell me whether Okay.
Chat.
Is it a VSM or FLSM? Fixed.
Are you giving separate separately fixed length subnet mask? Simple. LSM.
Sir, how to do subnetting?
Sir, how to do subnetting?
As per the requirement only you need to give that realist.
Okay.
What is the next free seminar you all need?
What is the next topic?
Anything you need memory.
on semi cut.
Python, give me time.
2020 discussion 2020 do we have LSM Honda That's an easy question, guys. 20 21 time same logic.
Don't worry.
Okay.
last two months.
and blows everyone.
Okay? Don't leave anyone.
Try to push everyone and go.
you can't do anything.
Okay. So, but single game.
Okay. That's what important then only at the end you will have a satisfaction.
Right. So, right one minute.
21.
Okay. 21 is a nice question guys.
Tricky. This is a VSM. Fill in the blanks. Okay.
Okay. I will do this.
Okay. And uh we'll try to discuss that.
I'm doing the session in machine.
But fine people MCQ series is going 500 MCQ series we have completed the grade 12 syllabus fully around 300 plus MCQs I have covered the Python If you want to join, okay, if you want to join chat, you can contact my admin number and join our uh MCQ series and past recordings also you can get in all the chapters dark knowledge questions and also structured essay is going to come for all our 26 set structured essay launch June first structured essay we'll be targeting only structured Python HTML PHP CSS operating system structure topic we are going to revise 50 questions we are going to do structure question okay structure question So free right.
Shall we go for the question?
can do nodes number of devices IP addresses usable IP ending I'll give you like 2 minutes.
Yeah. So 2 minutes finish uh drop a message then I'll Okay, guys. Uh, time's up. Okay, enough.
Let's do quickly.
Right, let's continue guys. I think uh yeah MCQ we'll do some MCQ questions.
No issues.
ABC company has two main divisions namely production, marketing. Under the production division, there are three units namely stores, supplies, operations having 10 and 12 18 computers respectively. Marketing division has 40 computers. ABC has given right these are already a subneted one/25 meaning we have divided two. So the usable IP addresses we have is 128 128 address block all the computers they have given right now people when you if they give a question like this a fill in the blanks one very easy 12817419.02 if they are giving 64 computers 64 nodes so the broadcast will be 19.63 63.
Okay, first of all, we'll uh fill in this and then we'll write all other 16 Q worth. Okay, now they have ended up it now. Example now 0 to 63. If you want to find this one, I can add one to this.
Example, if I add one to this 64 and if I minus this nodes, you will get zero.
If I add one to this you will get 80.
And if I minus 16 you will get how much?
80 - 16 you will get 70 64. Ah so you will get here 19.64 and you will get go until 79. How is that? And then here 96 it's coming you need to give 16. So 96 to 16 if you give how to find 96 to 16 112 and you will get 19 1111 no 96.16 106 112 and then uh yeah minus one then higher 159 + 1 you will get 160 160 - 32 160 - 30 is 131 130 - 2 12 8.
Okay. Yeah. So you will get 19.128.
How many of you got this answer?
Meeting check open reaction at the end.
Very good.
Subent mask. You will find it out. Here there are 64 means 256 minus 64 you will get how much? How much? Here you will get 2. Here you will get uh 192. No 192.
So 255 255 255 192 and then 256 - 16 you have here usable IP 16 can you will get 240. No. So I'm just writing the final part only. 255 240 255 240 here 32. So 256 - 32 how much?
192.
Okay.
Yes.
Uh sorry. Put the kingom 256 - 32.
contain 64 224 no 255 224 so if they ask you usable IP how to write usable IP uh first 128 IP to last 128 IP here 19.1 to 19.62 and then if they ask you here 19.65 65 to 19.78 here 19.972 19.110 19.1292 19.223 2 2 3 How many of you have got the answer fully like this with a reaction respect?
Some students ask me okay part two then don't worry part two some students are asking me to do part one questions h sorry h sorry h sorry h sorry h sorry h sorry h sorry h sorry h sorry h sorry part one part one submitting questions if you know years with the question number let me know I'll quickly go for Part one subnitting to the other in this question we in this paper we don't have portal class then we'll go right finally class normally with a reaction class.
Not enough. Where is the hype?
Where is the hype rocket?
Right.
Let's go for class B subnetting. Class B confusing.
class B IP addressing. Right.
Give me one minute. One night.
Right?
Focus you will understand. Now let's go with the question and directly I'll explain you how this is going to work.
We'll say you have a IP address.
We'll say you have a IP address.
Okay. It'll say you have IP address normally class B 172.16.0 Z right slash 16. Now you know in class B IP addresses network network host and host meaning 8 bits for network 8 bits for network and then here 8 for host 8 for host again 16 for network 16 for host then if you have / 16 that's a default IP address okay like our class C only now if they ask you first one normally they will ask you several questions. If they ask you what is the default subnet mask of this address? If they ask you what is the default subnet mask? What is the default subnet mask? Network we are putting 255.
For the network we are putting 255.
Host we are putting zero. Host we are putting zero. So the default subnet mask is 255 255.
0.0 okay 0.0 zero and people the C is what C is /16 okay default is 16 hurry right if they ask you now default subnet mask is easy no right we'll say they are telling you to okay they are telling you to make no it's something like this no guys we'll say they are telling you to divide this into 50 subnets.
They are telling you to divide this into 50 subnets.
Then we need to find right how many networks you need. Now 50 subnets you need to make.
If you want to make 50 subnets, chat box, you people tell me 50 subnets, can you make two to the powering? Can you make 50?
If they ask you 50 subnets, how many you can give? If they ask you 50 subnets, very good.
Okay.
Like that. Okay. 50 subets.
64.
Right. If you want to make 64 subnet networks, 64 from the host side, how many bits you need to borrow?
If you want to make 64 subnets, how many bits you need to borrow from the host side? If you borrow one, two.
If you borrow two, four. If you borrow 38, if you borrow 416, if you borrow 532, if you borrow how much 64 may try to understand now, okay, how many bits you need to borrow to the network side to make 64 subets. Now, if you borrow one class, right? 10 people if you want to how many hospitals you need to borrow now to make 50 subnets. Okay. Question.
How many how many host bits required to create the required to create the subnet subnets now 50 subnets we need around000 Computers make a gadul and 65,000 ganak dan right so how many you are borrowing 2 to the^ six no 2 ^ 6 which is 64 okay 64 subnets only you can go 50 you can't give so 64 you can give right next one we'll say normally if they ask right subates Sorry.
Okay. Now after dividing after dividing Okay. After dividing the what is the new subnet mask? They can ask. Now find the new subnet mask.
If they ask you to find the new subnet mask.
If they ask you to find the new subnet mask default the fill fill fill default default subnet mask class B default subnet mask class B default subnet mask class B quickly default subnet mask Subnet mask I'm asking 255 255 255 sorry 255 255 0.0 Your default meaning if you represent this in binary guys you will get eight ones. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Now guys tell me question from this this is the network side no default subnet mask you have 16 bit network 16 bit host From this host side, how many bits we are transferring to the network side to make the subnet required subnet to make 64 subnets. How many bits we are transferring?
Six bits we are transferring. No, meaning 1 2 3 1 2 3 you are going to transfer.
Okay. Meaning if you are transferring this set to the other side, what is happening? Actually th those bits are becoming network bits. Am I clear?
Very simple. Meaning you will get 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot 1 2 3 4 5 6 bits are becoming one others are zeros others are zeros okay others are zeros 3 6 8 Others are zeros Are you clear? How did I get this binary format?
I am just making that six bit stick.
Not enough. Not enough. The hype is not enough. People make the hype.
Don't be lazy. Okay.
today's motivation right see now if you convert this to decimal format now 81 means 255 5 81 means 255.
Here 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 Cut the zeros. Okay. 128 + 64 uh 64 + 3 96 96 16 uh 1 96 1 28 16 8 and 4 8 + 4 123 No 253 Yeahtally if you minus 2 and 3 minus 253 0 make a fully zero zero. So what is the new subnet mask now? 255 255 253.0 253.0 253.0 Can you understand?
I'm just explaining another We'll say we'll say start 255 255 0.0 zero. This will go this side will go up to 255. First example 255 255 0 dot. 255 when this is becoming 256 what will happen?
255 255 make a one.
Can you understand? I make a 255 255 1.25 255 255 2 Can you understand? I 255 255 2.255 I make a 255 255 3.0 zero. You know can you understand now? Tell me the reaction.
This side will become 255. This side will go one.
That's the difference.
That's the difference.
Right now see the megaarn new subnet mask. You you know how to find right?
If they can ask you okay number of subnets you know no we are making 64 subnets yeah okay we'll see host okay now they can ask you how many how many host per subnet host per subnet we'll say host per subnet keep the motivation The mangahara people how many bits we have now the six bits we transfer to the network side how many host bits are remaining fully fully how many meth then if 10 host bits are remaining 2 ^ 10 is how much then how many how many host 2 ^ 10 think very good, 124 host,24 host is there requirement they were telling 50 subnets 1,000 computers each,024 host we are giving more than enough okay more than enough good to go Right.
Okay.
If they ask you Okay. Now.
Yeah. Yeah. Now see here. Okay.
Wait a minute.
Yeah, that's okay. Right now, we'll see.
So, uh in the subnet mask with 255.
Okay.
Uh guys 255 total minus here 2 + 1 is 3 meaning 25252 okay that's a small subtraction mistake 252 okay now if they ask you to write down the first Five first five okay we can't write 64 subnets no can you write 64 subnets the ranges it's hard so what I'm going to do I'll ask you okay write first five first five subnet na and ba right we are going to write the first five first five Right now only you need to be very focused to understand this hurry. First five NA right people will say will say first of all you need to have a you need to follow a technique to find this. Now now you have this third octed. Second oct is 252. Normally there is 256 box size 255. 6 normally total total is 256.
From 256 you need to minus this block which is 252. How much it's coming? Oh. If you minus 256 minus 252 you are getting four. Now only you are going to write the sub subnetting ranges.
Right? Now people 444 you need to increase and go.
Okay. 444 you need to increase and go.
Shall we start now? Right. What is the diff subnet they have given? 1726.0.0.
Right. 1726.0.0 0 172 16.0.02 0 two we need to go four.
We need to go four.
Meaning okay.
Now if you are going from zero to four.
Okay.
Yeah. Wait. Are you okay shut now people we need to go 4 four we find found out method four now see I'm starting from 0.02 if I'm going four guys you know normally okay for each subnet guys you need to go,24 IP now normally the IP address is starting 1726.0.0 0 Yeah. 16.0.0 meaningfully understand 16.0.0 maximum 1726.0.255 256 addresses are there and then you will start 1726.1.0 0 17216 1.255 correct no 256 again you will start 1726 2.0 to 1726 2.255 255.
So here there is 256 172 3.02 sorry 16.3.02 172 163.255 255 now here 256 then 256 256 256 256 all together 1,24 you are giving can you understand then meaning the IP address is starting at here and ending at here like that it's going so people in this you will get like this you are starting 1726.0.02 02 you are giving four four,024 address four I will increase four if you are increasing in this you will get 170 to 163.255 can you understand now can you understand that pattern 1726 4.0 then tell no 16.0 0.0 start now 1726.3.25 it's ending I4.0 start to now then I4 not not 256 I,24 now four how to go chatbook open chat box is open reply the method is zero in start four 3.255 came now 4.0 Zero.
Quick, quick, quick.
Chat box. Chat box done. Everyone done quick.
It will end with 7.255.
17216.255.
It will start it will 255 that is subnet mask. This is IP address. It will start with next one 172 16 8.0 ending ending 172 161.255 25 172 17216 Starting Starting Starting Starting Starting 12.0 0 to ending 172 16 dot then I four 15.255 next one starting May May 164 15.25 255 ending 1726.0 to 172 166 255.
Can I know think and tell what is the last last block IP last?
Okay, this will go go and end it where end 0.0 172 16.255.255 25 it will go because these both will become 255 1726 what if you want to find very good if you want to find if you want to find this one 16.
Yeah, this is here 19.25 16.
You can add add one here which will become 256.
And if you minus 4, you will get 252.0.
Very good. Respect.
Respect.
Shall we go another question?
Shall we go for another question?
Okay. The people who got a knowledge through this Let's go for another question.
Tired.
Never body is tired, not the mind.
Drink some water.
Let's go for another question.
Okay. Then third question, right? We'll say another one 172 uh and we'll say 20.0.0 Z default / 2016 requirement 120 subnets 120 subnets at least you need to have 500 computers right questions are first one okay subnet mask Okay. Default name. I'll ask you the new subnet mask.
Okay. Default ifi 255 255 0.0. That's the default.
Okay.
Second one will say find number of network and host bits.
network.
Third one we'll say uh total host per subnet total host per submit.
Fourth one we'll say first sorry N A B A FVIP LVIP of first second third and last IP last subnets.
Okay. Ready now.
Ready. Ready. Ready. Ready. Focus. Shall I start reaction?
Ready.
Ready to understand.
We'll do with the understanding. Okay.
Yeah, interesting.
Now see default. Okay, girls.
Girls and boys, everyone chat box is open.
Okay.
Okay.
Okay. Girls, what is the default subnet mask?
Class B default subnet mask. Girls and boys, everyone. Class B default subnet mask 255 255 0.0.
Now we'll find it out. New subnet mask.
They asking people we need at least 120 subnets.
Can you take 120 then? How much?
You teach me. I don't know.
1 to8. 1 to8 means how many bits you need to borrow?
Is it really seven bits? Okay, you'll see. I'm going to answer now.
I'm going to answer now. First one people default subnet mask is like this.
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Now tell me from this is the network side as you know 16 bits this is the host side as you know now if you want to make 120 28 subnets from this hot side.
How many bits you are going to borrow?
Seven bits you are going to borrow.
Meaning this seven bits will go quality 2 ^ 7 1 to 8.
Now if if I give it will become like this. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dot. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 and then 0 dot 0 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 like that it will go.
Now we'll convert this to what? decimal.
This is 255 all ones. This is 255 all ones people. Here totally 255. Very good. 254 because oneus one one and here zero. So what is the subnet mask? 255 255 254.0 zero quality.
Next one. Find the number of network bits and horse bits. Now you know that people how many network bits network bits 20 7 + 16 20 23 23 network bits 23 network. How many host?
Nine bits. No. 8 + 1. Yeah.
Nine bits host.
Okay. Total uh total host per subnet.
Tell me po for one subnet how many host bank 2 ^ 9 ^ 8 five uh 256 9 2 ^ 9 host 2 ^ 9 host again 512 host cheeks cheeks Okay.
Na FVIP LVIP BA first and last.
Okay. Starting IP 1720.0.0 0 200.
02 to uh wait before that we need to find that. No, now me 256 is the total. We have how much? 254.
254 means how much? It's going two. No.
Right. Now tell me 22 20.0.02 2 you need to go how much very good 1.255 255 starting second one quick private everyone because I'm not checking your private messages everyone I can't check individual it's hard very good 2.0 okay to 172.0 zero to ending.
Starting ending I don't know ending last IP ending 255 255 until 25 it will go now tell me the last IP na 25 254.0 Shall we write the first valid IP?
Very good. 20 here 0.1 here 1.254 here 2.1 here 3.254 254 here 4.1 here 5.254 here 254.1 here 255.254 254.
Oh my god. Very hard. No class B. It's very hard. You know, it's very hard to do.
Is it clear?
Author genuinely tell me everyone.
So let me know.
Is it clear?
Crystal clear. Shall we do a question?
We'll say You guys tell me.
You guys tell me.
You guys tell me.
172.
2022 IP address is there.
They are asking you for this IP what is the NA what is the BA tell me tell me think think for this IP what is the NA what is the B belonging to what this is belonging into what now it will go like this. Okay. 4.0 5.255.
Okay.
0 to Yeah. 0 to 1. Okay. 0 to 1. 2 to 3. 4 to 5.
6 to 7 7 to 8 8 to 9 9.255 I uh 10 to 11 11 to 12 12 to 13 13 to 14 15 16 13 14 15 16 7 16 17 belonging to what?
Very good. This is belonging to this range. No.
Yeah. 22.0 in 22.255.
It's belonging to this range. Am I correct? You guys tell me whether yes or no.
Belonging to this range. No, it's inside this. No. 20 22.0 22.255 category you have this.
Okay.
Yes.
Sorry. 22 sorry 22 0 to 23.255 sorry 23.255 okay it's going inside that now okay so people within this only it's going okay so what is the network address 172 2022.02 02 172 20 T dot 23.255 255. This is the network.
This is the broadcast. Are you clear with the reaction please? If they say if they ask you to find out like this, you need to find shall I ask you another one question?
We'll say 172 20 dot 80 dot 12. Tell me what is the na? What is the da co?
Tell me what is the inlay? What is the BA 172 80.02 0 to 172.81.255 81.255.
Now with a please everyone with a huge reaction tell me is class B is class C is clear.
Class B.
Class B also need it.
Seriously, if they give you questions, can you manage?
Hurry.
Class B. There is no questions. No.
Okay.
Part one questions.
Guys, if you all know years, let me know. Will you I can quickly find them.
It's easy. Okay.
161 17. Wait, 16.
Question number 13.
Wait a minute.
Okay, let's go for 2016.
There's one.
Okay, let's start. Okay. paper. 2016.
Question number question number question number question number 20 also 2016 part two on I can't remember.
Let's go for uh downloads.
Hurry.
2016. Question number question number question number 13. A good one. We'll do hurry right this is a nice question guys understanding is important see here two machines in the IP address 192 2486.0 0 16.30 30. Okay. Class C 192 Z 30 and 16.90 are connected. Now they asking the subnet mask. To find the subnet mask at least we need to know the what subnets or at least we need to know the C.
How to find guys? If it is 255 255 you can't have no first down. This is a C. Now normally you know in this guys class C no. So probably you know first three octets will be 255. Why? Default is 255 255.05 this can come. This cannot come. These two can come.
Okay. And people here right we need to check whether which one is going to match. Now if this is 128 if this is 128. So you know we are finding this using like this no total minus host.
Okay total minus host.
Right now you people want to understand here. Okay. We can find the CR through this. That's what we need to do.
You can find what? C through this. Okay. You can find the C.
Normally you know if it is 1 to 8 guys C will be what? 25 borrow.
If it is 192 guys, 26.
If it is 224 guys, 27 how they like that it will go.
Okay.
Now, yeah.
Now see now people here see now this is going like this. No 30 90 3090.
Now if you divide this okay total fully right here you have 128 here you have then 256 minus 224 32 host 128 host Right.
Two machines with IP addresses connected to a LAN. Okay. Local area network.
Right. They are telling right now for which this will belongs to just think and see all techniques.
Okay. You can find the uh right.
Okay. Now people see here in this guys in this the subet right I think these are clear cut clear these two only we need to select now here only 32 bits we have right now people the last octet of this IP is 30 this IP is 90 okay Last octed of this IP is 30. This IP. Now if it is going 32 32 32 unknown 0 to 31 31 to how much? It will go again 32.
Again 31 to 60.
Very good. 63. Okay. Not 31. 32 to 63.
I 64 to it will go until 95.
Now is these two IPs are belonging to they are telling one LA now may if you put this this subnet mask is these two IPs are belonging to one subnet tell me shall I take it again shall I take it again wait some people are telling confusing.
I'll take it again.
Wait, wait.
Simply simply method.
We'll take it again now.
Right. Ready?
Ready. chat box right they're asking you there is a LAN the common network in that there are two IP addresses first one is ending with 30 second one is ending with 90 so between these two the gap is guys 60 no how around 60 now we'll see I'm cutting this one 92 kohama you know we can't have like this no 255 255 that's the default why class C means default is 255 255 2550 now we can't have this probably you can't have this also you can't have this also guys okay now if there is only one only example now 256 total minus host no now total is 20 Okay. 256 minus. Now here 255.
Okay. If if 255 is coming there will be only one host. one host is it enough to give?
Now between these two only we need to connect.
Okay.
Yeah.
genuine right.
So if you minus one okay 256 minus one 255 you will get and then people in this you have now if you are if you are taking this one 256 the answer you are getting is 224 that's what you are putting here no then the host will be 32 now 32 32 yawan girls and Boys 0 to 31 it will go 0 to 31 and then 32 to 63 it will go then 64 to 95 it will go. Am I clear?
Now these two the gap is 60. Can these two belong to one subnet in this? Tell me yes or no.
If you give 32 32 32 gap is high right. So what is the then what will be what will the subnet mask 256 the answer we are getting is 128.
Okay. And this 128 here 128 is there.
Then if if the gap is 1 to8 you will go from 12 to 0 to 127 and then 128 to 255.
Now okay no girls now you can get why 30 90 both are in this first subnet zero when 30 and 90. Is it clear? So the answer will be fourth with the reaction show it to me.
Yes or no?
Okay.
Good.
Seriously understood? No.
You need to check the gap.
We can find.
Okay. Nice. Nice. Tell me girls.
What are the other years? 17 also you you are telling. No.
Send me again please.
16. Done. 17. Now or 20.
S was telling me one question.
20 or something.
20. Question number 21.
Eight.
What is the answer?
21.
You guys reply me. Will you 21 guys? Reply with the question number easy then find now see requests to create 16 subnet with class C IP guys if you are creating 16 subn networks okay 16 subn networks how many bits you need transfer from the host side. Tell me 16 subnets you need to create from the host. How many you need to transfer?
Four. Four.
Then how many remaining for the host?
Remaining with the host is also four.
Then total host. Total host four bits.
Total host.
Total host.
Total host guys. Four bits for the host. Q.
Four bits for two to the^ four. How many host?
That's the thing. If they ask if I ask you how many bit so totally 16 host no so 256 minus for for a uh for a network 16 240 so 255 255 255 dots class C no class C default is 255 255 255 0. Now if you are minusing 60 means you will get first one 255 255 2 4 0 that's okay next one some people are telling me 2017 question number 19.
Same related question.
Okay, question number 19.
Everyone will do reply.
Okay guys, first and the last IP address of subnet are uh 480 192 63.255 respectively.
Which of the following subnet mask for this uh subnet unit?
Okay.
Okay. See here people now normally 192 means tell me what what class is this?
See, but the thing is in this can you see normally you know in class C network cost then you need to you need to know the network cost will be fixed change but in this can you see 192 192 480 network other two are changing can you see that?
So probably in your subnet mask also people what will happen guys host bits network bits so probably you will get 255255 okay and here what will come now what's the gap guys 48.0 to 63.255 255.
Okay. How to find that?
Think starting is 48, ending is 63.
No, no. I I'm asking the gap.
Yeah, you can find like this. 63 64. If you minus 64 minus 48, how much?
Meth.
Okay. Sorry.
Meth 4 6 and then one. Yeah. You will get 16. The gap is 16 guys. Can you understand that? Make a 48.0 me 63.255.
I'm adding one for this to make and minus 16. Okay. Minus 48. So we are getting 16 16. Okay. Now people now you know these two will be 255 255 here normally 0.0.
Okay. Then what you can do now this middle one is changing. No. Okay. So therefore 256 minus this 16. Okay. So you will get 2 4 0 and then you will get 255 255.
24.0.
Okay. Last one.
If you need to find this place.
Okay. Like that.
But you can do like that.
Okay.
Check.
Yeah. That's okay. And people now if you want to verify this now normally then 16 keyword it will go like this. No 0 to 15 16 to then it will go until 16 to 16 30 32 31 and then 32 to 6 uh 32 to 47 then 48 to 63 may belong into this. No 48 63 may belong into the correct submit.
Correct? No. Okay. One more. One more year. One more year because morning I have classes also.
That's the have to take some rest.
I mean 20th question tell me what is the answer?
What class is this? 172 means B. What is the answer?
Okay. Now here they have given you guys wait.
Okay.
In this they have given you.
Yeah. In this they have given you guys the C. We can't find it. Which class?
Oh, which we can't find that. No.
Okay. Now.
Okay. Now see we'll see now see first one they are telling this is belonging to class B network okay is it class B guys no why / 24 C so can it belong to the class C class then now they have given the C class less IPL if they if they give the C and That will come under class list. Class 24 means this will belong to what? Class C. This is correct. Class C.
Okay. Network address of subnet with 255 hosts.
No class B will go beyond that. No guys 255 host in the back. Right. So class Curry okay network address of sorry no network address of class C network was telling another thing.
Okay. Now see network address of class C network people 200 guys it's not it cannot become this is class B okay class wait people I I I didn't check the first octet may first octate is 172. So that's a class B. That's correct. It's not class C. Now network address of subnet with 255 host.
Okay. 255 host.
Right.
Right. They asking 255 host. Is it 250 high host is there?
Second one network address of the class in MAGA they're asking uh host address host address in okay we'll we'll check this before that fourth one network address of a subnet with 255 host is it 255 host network address with a subnet of 255 host very People in this you can see yeah remember they are telling host 255 now 24 okay 0 to 24 means you will get 255 but the thing is will you get 255 host no why you need to minus the network and the broadcast then what will be the usable host tell me if you minus the network and the host broadcast usable in this network/24 256 okay 255 okay but if you like take for if you take it for network 256 actually 256 0 to 255 can so 256 will be there from 256 if you take the network and in the unexpected 254th my usable make 255 254 hurry okay and fifth one they are telling guys fifth one host address with eight network bits okay n okay 24 c 24 network bits we'll check why third one is then correct okay 17216.48.0 okay that is a correct subnet how this will go now this is a class B it will go like this like class 1721648.0 to 17216 48.255 255 so that's belonging right yeah that's correct okay this is correct so we can go with first 103 but the most one appropriate I think in the answer scheme answer scheme they have given the third one more than one but first one is also correct we I can't say that's wrong technical questions upcoming sessions concept Finally tell me whether the parts are clear genuinely I need some replies. I I was putting a big effort guys.
I'm not well that much today but I wanted to do the session. I didn't cancel it.
Okay.
Okay.
Okay. Can you put same reaction, same message to my number so that I can promote I can have put it status my for for my number. Okay. Please s please 616978 523 6169 PY. See, webcam phone.
I can't use that.
How many of you know that we'll recreate this with 2026 graduate?
You put those words, I'll take a video and go back in there.
Wait.
Maru, Mari, Aral Patel, Eliri, Eli, Maru. for Nei.
Okay, we'll make it because I can't remove the phone and record you people.
enough. Okay. Shall we start? You need to put Wait, I Okay, shall we start?
Mar near my art.
Where is our Nice there. No hurry. I need the video.
I need the video. I need the video. Are ready?
Because I can't take video. My phone is connected as the webcam that they show.
Shall we start?
Okay. Like this. I'll be asking you now.
See, we are going to take a movie now.
I'm directing.
one one by one everyone should put Maru Mari I will ask you all how was the subn night then you need to put one by one by one by one by one we'll create it ready reaction viral social wait don't put Wait, wait.
Still no just right.
3 to 1.
Don't mix it first then.
The people who are taking videos and all if you are taking please right three just a demo 3 2 1 people how's the sub night maru mar near a patal eliri Hello.
Right.
And then Yeah. Slowly we'll go Shall we start?
Ready bro. Unique bro. See ready guys take the videos.
How is subn night start?
Maru Mari and Nice. Nice. That's nice.
Nice. Nice. Nice. Nice. Nice. Nice.
Nice. Nice. Nice. Nice.
may harish then people that's it and uh okay so inshallah free seminar and classes join you can join uh through our contact numbers okay uh hello bossy 3 2 3 6 1 69. Okay. Men making join in guys. So try to join. Okay. Our MCQ series is going the people who are not registered. Structured essay is coming and also our theory classes are going and web development I'll be doing fully free guys.
Okay. So yeah that's okay. Right. So that's it for the day guys. I'll be meeting you all then inshallah in coming weeks. So please put the feedback. I'll be waiting for the feedback. Now it self put now itself I need to put the status and all.
Thank you for joining and I'll meet you next week. Okay.
So hashtag # ICT lacipa. Can I get the final reaction from you all?
Thank you. Take care. Bye.
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