മലയാളം - സന്ധി ഇനി തെറ്റരുത്

[00:00:00]Hello everyone.

[00:00:02]Welcome everyone to a new session.

[00:00:04]Today's topic of discussion is a very important chapter. We cannot go anywhere without skipping this chapter for any reason. We can't prepare for our exam. When we go through the past question papers, we can understand that only questions from the chapter "Sandhi" have been asked.

[00:00:27]Santhi is such an important chapter.

[00:00:36]Sandhi is also a fascinating chapter that those who haven't studied it find difficult, and those who have studied it find it very interesting. So what is meant by sandhi and what are its classifications?

[00:00:48]Today's session also includes important questions that were asked before the exam.

[00:00:50]So, once again, welcome to the chapter on sandhi.

[00:00:55]What is sandhi?

[00:01:02]What is the definition given to sandhi in Kerala Paniyyam?

[00:01:06]Sandhi is the connection between words in grammar.

[00:01:08]What are words? In general, we can say that sandhi is the connection between letters. Although there is a slight difference between a word and a letter, let's leave them aside for now and say that sandhi is the connection between those two letters. When we say two letters, where are the letters? The letters in two words. The last letter of the first word and the first letter of the second word are the connection between them. In Malayalam grammar, sandhi is most commonly used. When words meet, they undergo various changes. These changes are called varnavikaram. Changes.

[00:01:56]Changes in sandhi are desirable. When two words come together, various changes occur in language words. What are they and how are they? Let us examine that there are four types of color perception that occur in the evening. On the basis of this, sandhi is divided into four types: lopa, aagam, aadesam, ditvam. When two words are joined together, if any letter in those words is missing, what is it called? Lopa sandhi. Now, in special circumstances, if a new letter is added when two words are joined, what is it called? Agama sandhi.

[00:02:48]A third possibility is that lopa and aagam occur together. That is, when two words are joined together, one letter is missing and another letter is added to fill that gap. What is this called? Aadesam sandhi? What is Dvitva sandhi? When two words are joined together, if a letter in any of them is doubled, it is called Dvitva sandhi.

[00:03:27]These four types of color perception generally occur in the Malayalam language. On the basis of this, sandhi is divided into four.

[00:03:40]Who classified the joints based on color perception? Kerala Panini is A. R. Rajaraja Varma.

[00:03:50]Where are the majority of the questions asked in our exams taken from? They are taken from the examples given by Kerala Panini in Kerala Panini. It doesn't matter whether it's a popular word today or not. We have seen questions directly from Kerala Panyam in our exams.

[00:04:08]So, we are going to include them in general.

[00:04:12]Today's session is about the matter. When two words are combined, one letter disappears. What is Lobha Sandhi? When we say Lobha Goon, it means to disappear. In general, the meaning can be clarified through some examples. It is not much. When we write it together, what happened here? What happened here? What happened here? There is a symbol that we call Chandrakala.

[00:04:54]What is the real name of that symbol? So what happened here? When we write it together, what happened there? Which letter is Lobha Goon?

[00:05:05]Samruthokaram or Chandrakala? Lobha Goon?

[00:05:09]Look at the other one. When we write together, what happened here?

[00:05:21]There is a symbol that we call Kunip. What is the real name of that symbol?

[00:05:26]Samruthokaram and Vivritokaram Samruthokaram Chandrakala Vivritokaram Ukaram or Kunip?

[00:05:35]We call the person we are talking about when we add more than one person, it becomes one person. This symbol is a combination of two words.

[00:05:43]Similarly, when we add more than one item, it becomes one item. Here too, who is the one This is the symbol for the letter E. This is the symbol.

[00:06:39]This is the symbol we saw for the letter U. What symbol is this?

[00:06:45]Which symbol is for the letter Ra? This symbol is for the letter A? This symbol is for the letter A? How is A written like this? I need two.

[00:07:10]How is the symbol for the letter O? How is the symbol for the letter O? How is the symbol for the letter Au? Au, Da, Isn't that enough? Am, Did you see it as a sign? Did you not give it? Did you see it as a sign? The vowel letter e is lying there as a sign? It is a very, very important example to say that it is more than edo. It is possible to ask it in the exam. When you add edo to edo, it will be edo. Let's check which letters are there and which letters are not there. First, the previous word va de is also here. Va is also here. Ri da is ri. Is there kaa? Now, is there the sound a? Da is not there? The sound a will stand as this sign here. Then there is that sign. The sound to is that.

[00:09:02]Then which sound is here?

[00:09:06]When you look at it quickly, you will think that no letter has been stolen here, but it has been stolen here.

[00:09:12]Who has stolen it?

[00:09:19]Where is the letter aa? Where is the letter ka? Where is the letter aa? Is it true that when we pronounce 36 consonants, we add the vowels aa and a vowel along with it. When you say ka kha ga ga cha cha janj ta tha daana ta dha dha na pa bha pa ma ya ra la va sha sa sah sah lah la ra, the v is pronounced open. Why is the vowel aa not pronounced? It is only with the five consonants er ae that there is no vowel aa at the end.

[00:10:17]That is why when other consonants are pronounced as if the v is open, the v is not opened. This has come up as a question in the exam.

[00:10:29]What are the consonants that are pronounced without the help of a vowel? The answer is that the consonants are called consonants. What else should you remember when saying them? Who is there with the 36 consonants, that is, with the 36 consonants starting with ka and ending with ra?

[00:10:53]Many questions that cause confusion have been asked in the exam. I have heard that some of them are mentioned here. Blue, more sky, what do you get when you add this? We get the word "Neelakasham" at first glance, as mentioned earlier, we think that no one has coveted it.

[00:11:16]Look, the previous word "Neela" is the same here. The symbol for "Aa" is here. We know that symbol. There is also the word "Kasham". At first glance, it seems that no one has coveted it.

[00:11:33]But what if we stop saying "Neela"? The letter "La" has "Re" and "Aa" in it. So the first word ends with one letter and the second word begins with two letters. So how many letters are there in total? There are three letters. Now, when we look at the combined word or the whole word, what is "Aa"?

[00:12:01]What is "Aa" plus "Aa"?

[00:12:04]What happened when we combined it? When we wrote "Neelakasham", there is only the sound "Aa", right? That is, two letters came when we combined it.

[00:12:17]How many letters were there in the previous answer? Adding the letters a and two, there were a total of three. A greedy person got out of it. Where? When I wrote blue sky. You heard that was a question on the exam. The question for the exam is "Neela, more sky, more blue sky", which is the sandhi? It is very, very important. So this is how the lobha sandhi occurs. When two words are joined together, if a letter or a sound is missing, what can it be called? It is called lopasandhi. The opposite of this is the next one. Which is the sandhi? Agama sandhi? The word "agamikku" means "to come together." So what happens in the agam sandhi? When two words are joined, a new letter is called agam sandhi. When two words are joined in lobha sandhi, one sound was missing. In the agam sandhi, a new letter is added. The yakara and vakara words are added depending on the nature of the joining vowels. Most of the letters that come in the agam sandhi will be ya or va. It is not like this in all cases. What I mean is that in most cases, ya or va will be added. Let's clarify with examples.

[00:14:00]What happened when I wrote "Thiru, more Onam, more Onam, more [correcting the throat]" Is it true that the prefix "thiru" is here like that?

[00:14:09]Oh, is there a symbol that lies beyond and beyond the letter "va"? Is it not the symbol of the vowel "o"?

[00:14:19]So, the sound "o" is the symbol of the vowel "o"? The vowel "o" is the symbol. The sound "nam" can also be seen here.

[00:14:27]Then what change has happened? When the prefixes are added, a new letter "va" has arrived.

[00:14:37]So, which junction is this? The prefix "va" has arrived. When we add "pashu khaddha aad" to it, we can say "pashu vaad" to it, we can say " pashu vaad" to it.

[00:14:50]What happened there too? The letter "va" has arrived?

[00:14:55]Look at another example. When we add "daya khaddha aad" to it, we can say "daya yulluvun" to it, the prefix "daya" is here like that? The vowel "u" ​​is the symbol of "lavan" is also there. Then what happened? An additional "ya" has come in? Is it true that what can we call this? We can call it an agam sandhi. When you add a letter, if it is added to the whole word, what is it called? It is called the agamasandhi. Look at another example. When you add a letter, Thiru is added to Anantapuram, what happened to Thiruvananthapuram? The original word Thiru is the same here.

[00:15:48]Nandapuram is also Nandapuram.

[00:15:52]Then what happened? At a glance, it seems like that, but is that what happened? No, it is not that, it is not that, it is the consonant that comes out. Do you remember what we just said? There is also a vowel called aa with 36 consonants. Here, it is written like this. But what should we understand? We should understand that this is like this, right? So when we say Thiruvananthapuram, which sound do we hear?

[00:16:30]We also hear the vowel called aa. Aa is not anywhere. It is with the mouth.

[00:16:35]Right? Then which letter is the new one? The letter va is the new one. So which sandhi is the agamasandhi?

[00:16:45]Look at another example. Pana is added to the original word Pana, the same here, the vowel oa is the same here. Here, the vowel ode is the symbol.

[00:17:00]What happened? The letter ya has been added recently.

[00:17:05]What is this called? Aagama Sandhi? When two words are joined together, if a new letter has been added, what can it be called? Aagama Sandhi? If one is missing, who is it?

[00:17:23]That's another thing I told you, right? Yay and waa are added in most cases. But not only this, other letters are added.

[00:17:32]Look, these are questions taken from school textbooks. Did you hear that Vilasina is in Kerala Panyam? When you write Katti with the sound en, it does n't come out as Kattiyen or Kattiven, it comes out as Kattinen. The letter na has been added there. The word Katti is the same here. The vowel A is used as a symbol. Isn't this the sound A and the letter 'A' at the end of the word?

[00:18:10]Then what happened? The letter na is not a good letter anywhere, neither in the previous word nor in the answer word. When a new letter is added, which is the conjunction? The conjunction is more than a. When a new letter is added, it can also be called a.

[00:18:31]Did you hear that a. is more than a. It is not wrong to say that a. is more than a. It is also possible to say a. Then the word Vilasi is the same here. Then the sound Na is not here. Did A. go and come? Or did Na come? When the letter Na is pronounced, what sound is there at the end of it? When you say Na, you can hear the sound A. At the end of it?

[00:18:59]So A. did A. not go and come?

[00:19:03]Na also came with A. Is that right? So Na is the only one who is not there, the only one who is new is the one who has come. If a new letter has been added, what can we call it? A. Go and go to the next conjunction. Which is the adesh In the midst of greed, a single letter disappears. Only a new letter is added at the beginning of the Agama period.

[00:19:39]Both of these occur in the aedes juncti. When two words are joined together, one letter is replaced by another.

[00:19:53]What is the meaning of the word "Aadesam"? That means to come instead. When two words are combined, if a letter at the end of the first word or at the beginning of the second word is lost and a new letter is added, it can be explained through an example of adhesi sandhi. When vin is written with a long vowel, what is the letter da that is combined with na and ta? What is written here because it is a syllable? We can also write it like this. When vinna is written with a long vowel, how can we write the letter vindalam da? It can be written using na and ta. It will be like this. What change has happened here? The previous word vinā is the same.

[00:20:44]Lam de is here. Then what happened? Tha has gone and tha has come? One color has gone and another color has come.

[00:20:56]Which syllable has become adhesi sandhi?

[00:21:00]Look at the next example. When nel is written with a long vowel, it becomes nenmani. Isn't nenmani written with a long vowel?

[00:21:15]Here, the letter seen at the end of the first word is the syllable il. If we say il, we can write la for convenience and put chandrakala, for the sake of ease and for the sake of understanding the change.

[00:21:26]Look, the sound ne is here, and there is mani mani, and there is mani, and what happened, la has gone and na has come, which is the connection?

[00:21:39]Aadesha [sighs] The connection is what happened in nenmani, the same thing happens in Kanmat.

[00:21:46]Look, when Kala added more religion to Kanmat, Kanmat is not ma, na and ma are combined, right?

[00:21:55]So what happened when la and ma were combined? La has gone and Na has come in place of La. Which joint is the adhesial joint? The same thing that happened in the word "like this" in "look at me" also happens in the word "heard" in "heard". The word kandu is formed when the past participle து is added to the root கன். If we say உண்டா, we know who it is.

[00:22:27]Na and ta are added here. Here தா is gone and who came in that place? தா is the adverbial conjunction. When we say கன்ன், how do we write it? உண்டரா is two ta, right? For our convenience, let us write it like this. What happened here? The லயும் at the end of the first word has gone and the தாயு at the beginning of the second word has gone and two தா has come instead.

[00:23:00]Two colors have gone and two colors have come instead. Which conjunction is the adverbial conjunction? Let us mention another very important example of adverbial conjunction. In the Parik exam, many times it was asked, when you write வில கன்சிது தாயும், what do you get when you write விறு?

[00:23:23]How do you write விறு?

[00:23:26]Since it is a letter, write ல, but when you write சன்னகல கன்சிது தாயும், two ரது is not. So what happened here? The first letter of the preposition வி is the same as the sound உ. So what happened? லயு� Where it is said that the doubled consonant has come, the word "லயும் தாயும்" has come, just as the doubled consonant has come, in the word "விதும்" the doubled consonant has come. No matter what category two letters are removed and two letters are replaced, it will also fall into the same category. Do you understand the matter? So, whether one letter is removed and another letter comes, or one letter is removed and two letters come, or two letters are removed and one letter comes, or two letters are removed and two letters come, which is the consonant? In the case of the consonant, the consonant itself is the consonant, and only one letter is removed and disappears in the case of the consonant. In the case of the consonant, only a new letter is added in the case of the consonant. Or, in the case of the consonant, both of these things happen. One letter is removed and another letter comes in its place. That is what is called the consonant. There is also a fourth important consonant, the dual consonant. It is a consonant that we can easily understand. The dual consonant is not as complicated as this.

[00:25:03]We can understand the matter at a glance.

[00:25:06]Two words When a consonant is doubled when it is joined, it is called a ditva sandhi. Let's clarify it with an example. When the word "tee" is added, the word "tee pantam" is the same here.

[00:25:25]There is also the word "pantam". Then what happened here? There is only one paa. When it came here, it became two paa. The same color has come again.

[00:25:37]When a letter that is not there comes, it is called agamasandhi. If the letter that is there comes, what is doubling? It is a ditva sandhi. There is only one paa. When it was added, the word "kay" is added because of two paa. The word "kay" is the same here. The word "kay" is also the same here. What change happened? There is a taye at the beginning of the answer. When it was added, two taye came.

[00:26:08]Which sandhi is a dual sandhi?

[00:26:11]Look at another example. The word "vazh" is the same here. The word "vazh" is the same here. The word "thotam" is also the same.

[00:26:20]Then what happened? There is a taye at the end of the answer. When it was added, what did it become?

[00:26:30]What is this called when it changes into a double form? Did you get it or understand the point? This is how Sandhi occurs in four ways. It is a very important chapter. If you understand the point and study it, it is very interesting. If you do not understand the point, it makes us feel like it is a big event.

[00:26:53]Sandhi is an interesting chapter.

[00:26:58]I want to discuss many examples related to Sandhi. We can do it according to what you indicate in the comment box.

[00:27:13]We can have a discussion by collecting all the words related to Sandhi that were asked in the exam. If so, we can have a discussion by asking questions from the chapter on Sandhi in reverse order. Anyway, I think we can do it depending on your opinions. So, let 's end today's session by saying what Sandhi is once again. When two words are combined to form a third word, the changes that occur in the third word are defined on the basis of the changes. The word Sandhi means to merge.

[00:28:00]Sandhi is divided into four based on the color emotions of the changes that occur when this is combined.

[00:28:02]How is Lopasandhi? Agamasandhi Adesasandhi Dvitva Sandhi How many types of sandhi are there?

[00:28:13]First of all, what is lopasandhi? When two words are combined, a letter disappears. When a sound disappears. What is called lopasandhi? When two words are combined, a new letter is added. What is called agamasandhi?

[00:28:36]Now, if both of these happen together? When two words are combined, a letter disappears and a new letter is added. What is called adesasandhi? If an existing letter is doubled, what is called dvitva sandhi? Did you get it?

[00:28:58]Sandhi occurs in four ways in language words. There are also other Sanskrit sandhi. This is the language-based sandhi division.

[00:29:11]Today, we have only discussed sandhi classification. If it was useful, you can write it in the comment box. If you need more questions, we will meet again. So, I am ending for today. Thank you. Greetings.