Biology Pic 26

Added: 2026-05-24

[00:00:00]No. So now this how many are second PC students here now?

[00:00:28]First PC only to second P. You second your first P. Your second P.

[00:00:54]Yes. So first today we will discuss uh the introduction to biology then we'll proceed with the chapter. Yes. From how many years you are studying biology?

[00:01:07]From which standard? In school you have studied biology?

[00:01:11]Yes.

[00:01:14]Seventh standard. 8 9th 10. From almost six seven years you are studying biology. Yes. Can you define biology?

[00:01:23]Yes.

[00:01:25]Can you define study of life? Yes.

[00:01:33]Study of life.

[00:01:38]Yes. Any other definition?

[00:01:42]Any other definition?

[00:01:48]So all will accept that it is study of life. No. So what you can give another definition?

[00:01:58]Yes.

[00:02:01]Think from so many years you are studying biology. Now this question came into your mind. What can be the exact definition of biology? How will you define? I told you to define me. So directly study of life. What life? Which life? Whose life? No. Question arises.

[00:02:20]Yes or no?

[00:02:22]Yes. How to define?

[00:02:29]No idea. Yes. So here when we talking about biology, we need to say biology is the branch of science.

[00:02:43]Firstly, it is a branch of science that deals that deals with study of living forms that deals with the study of living form. So when we talk about living all form of living. All is that clear?

[00:03:18]Anything which has life, anything which has life is living. Right? So whatever it is, whether it is microscopic or macroscopic, if it is having life, that comes under life form. So here from where this living form arise sir if you break this word biology no biio means life form and uh logic means study study of life form living what do you call any organism which is living what do you call Yes, they are called as organism. They are called as organisms. Yes. So when you study living organisms, you are studying biology.

[00:04:18]Is that clear? Now you know the definition of biology. Yes. Next question arises.

[00:04:24]From where this word biology came?

[00:04:27]Who was the person to describe this word to coin this word biology? Any idea?

[00:04:37]Yes.

[00:04:40]No idea. No.

[00:04:46]No. So this word biology was coined in 1802.

[00:04:54]It was coined in 1892.

[00:04:57]Two person, two very important scientists. One by name Jean Baptist Lamar and Gota fried tri viranus.

[00:05:25]So these are the two persons no who has coined the term biology.

[00:05:38]Is that clear? Yes. Any doubts still here? Yes. Next question arises.

[00:05:45]Who was the person to study for the first time about the life form?

[00:05:53]to coin this word biology. Later it was coined but before that no somebody else have studied when you study the living form living organisms. No any organism whether it is plants whether it is animals whether it is microorganisms. No that study was conducted. No any idea who was that person later he was called as the father of biology.

[00:06:22]Yes, father of biology. You have already studied in first year PC you have not studied.

[00:06:29]Yes, majority are from second PC. Now that means this is repeated again.

[00:06:36]Tell me.

[00:06:40]Yes. No idea.

[00:06:43]Remember when you are studying biology you should remember who is the father of biology now. Yes. So here maximum contribution maximum amount of contribution related to the study of animals study of animals was done by a person named Aris total aris total. Is that clear? So firstly he was called as father of zology.

[00:07:22]He was called as father of zology. Yes.

[00:07:27]Then student of Aristotle. Student of Aristotle. No. by name Theo freightus by name Theo freightus. He was the person to give a maximum contribution related to plants.

[00:07:55]He has studied animals.

[00:07:59]He has studied plants. Therefore he is called as father of bot.

[00:08:11]Done. Now since uh the maximum contribution when the beginning of this study started according to the life form study when this study was described it was started one by one the organisms were classified studied identified no so that work maximum contribution was given by Aristotle yes later student of Aristotle gave the contribution about plants. No. Therefore, we will call Aristotle not only father of zeology but also father of biology.

[00:08:55]Now did you got to know who is called as the father of biology means >> father of zology.

[00:09:04]Father of zology, >> Aristotle. Father of bottom means yes. Jean Baptist, Lamar, Gota, Fried Tri Viranus. These were the two persons who have coined the word biology. Is that clear? You know what is biology now? Who has coined the word biology?

[00:09:33]Who has called as the father of biology?

[00:09:37]Who has been called as the father of zology? Father of boty. Done. Any doubt still here? Yes. Now once we start studying about biology, no the next question arises. What is that question?

[00:09:52]So in biology what exactly we are studying? Sir, we will study only plants, only animals.

[00:10:00]That's all. microorganism.

[00:10:03]Yes, that's all. When we study animals, when we study plants, when we study microorganism, it is called biology. No.

[00:10:13]Any other study is included?

[00:10:15]Yes. It's a vast study. Biology is a vast study where maximum branches are present. Okay. Sub branches are present.

[00:10:27]Classification is done. So few branches I will circle it out here. So here branches of biology. Yes. Now number one first branch. No we when you study about animals no what is the branch called?

[00:10:56]It is called as zology.

[00:11:01]Yes. When you study plants, bot.

[00:11:10]Yes. When you study microorganisms.

[00:11:16]Yes. Tell me what do you call when you're studying microorganism?

[00:11:23]It is called micro biology.

[00:11:30]Done. Yes. Then when you are studying about the cell, when you are studying about the cell in the organism, it is called as cell biology.

[00:11:50]When you study about the genes, it is called genetics.

[00:12:01]When you study the external structure of any organism whether it is plants, whether it is animals, whether it is microorganism, it is called morphology.

[00:12:20]When you study internal structure, it is called anatomy.

[00:12:37]Yes. When you study about the macro molecules, it is called Molecular biology.

[00:12:55]When you study about bio chemicals, it is called bio chemistry.

[00:13:09]When you study about bacteria, it is called bacterology.

[00:13:20]When you study about fungi, it is called micology.

[00:13:31]When you study about algae, it is called phyology.

[00:13:42]Yes. When you study about virus, phyology.

[00:13:52]Yes. So only few I have written. There are many branches. Only few branches I have written. See when you're studying about animals the branch is called as ology. When you're studying about plants it is called botony. When you're studying about microorganism it is called as microbiology. When you're studying about cells it is called cell biology. When you're studying about genes it is called as genetics. When you study the external structure it is called as morphology. When you're studying the internal structure it is called as anatomy. When you're studying macroolelecules, it is called moiology.

[00:14:29]When you're studying about chemicals related to biology, it is biochemistry.

[00:14:33]When you study separately about fungi, it is micology. If it is bacteria, it is called bacterology. If it is algae, it is called as pyology. If it is a virus, it is called as viology. Done? Yes. The branches which I have written no you will study in your first year PC syllabus and second year PC syllabus. A separate one unit related to genetics you will study in second year P.

[00:15:03]Yes. Already you have studied about morphology anatomy in first year P.

[00:15:11]Yes.

[00:15:12]Yeah, micology, bacteriology, all this you will study in your second year PhD.

[00:15:18]When you study, there is one chapter called human health and diseases. No, there you will study about the bacteria, about the fungi, the protoone, about the neathodes, the diseases which the organism is causing that you will study.

[00:15:34]Is that clear? Any doubts still here?

[00:15:36]Everything is done. Yes.

[00:15:40]Shall I proceed? You have taken down Everyone. Yes. Take down first.

[00:16:14]Shall I proceed? Yes.

[00:16:21]Now Yes, today we'll discuss the first chapter which you have already studied in your first year PU the living world very easy chapter everyone have studied you have written your exam now we are in second year PU yes so when we see this uh chapter name the living world what do you understand by this word the living world that means there is one more world which is not living.

[00:17:02]Yes, we have only one world.

[00:17:05]Yes or no? Only one.

[00:17:10]We have how many world? One or two?

[00:17:14]One or two? Two worlds? Two worlds.

[00:17:20]One or two. One. Not sure. H. So here when we see this word the living world the word itself is telling you there is one more word also there is the living world is telling you that all the organisms are living in this world the world in which we are able to find living organism right so the world in which you are living. No, there is no non-living thing.

[00:17:59]There is no non-living thing. This is living. This is living. The chair which is which is present here, it is living.

[00:18:08]Well, yes, they have life. No, that means uh the living world what we are studying is only meant for that means organisms present in this world living things present in this world. So here simultaneously along with us along with this in this same world non-living things also exist.

[00:18:49]So in this living world no apart from this living things or living organism non-living things also exist they are also present. So here all the non-living matter which is present which is interacting with us in our day-to-day life every day we are interacting we are interacting with the air we are interacting with water with we are interacting with the light yes or no we are interacting with temperature soil so many things we are interacting they are not living but they are present with us yes What does they make? Now we will tell in the living world non-living world.

[00:19:41]Yes.

[00:19:43]Not possible. No. So we can give a non-living matter together makes a physical world. Okay. And here for the living world we can also call biological world.

[00:20:12]Did you understand? Yes. And now how many worlds are there?

[00:20:18]Yes. Two. But we together call it as one. Okay. Why? Because in this world non-living things are also present.

[00:20:26]Living things are also present. And why we need to take them? Because we are interacting with them. They are not living but they are supporting us in our day-to-day life. If there is no chair where you will sit. If there is no sunlight, if there is no water, will you be able to survive? No. That means they are interacting, they are communicating with each other. Yes or no? So physical world, biological world. Is that clear?

[00:20:54]Done. Yes. Now the question arises the living world we need to talk about the living world. Just now I told they are present together they are inter interacting with each other. Right? Yes or no? Now if I ask you the first question what is living? How will you tell me? If I ask you are you living?

[00:21:25]Yes. No. I will tell you you're dead.

[00:21:29]Prove me.

[00:21:31]How will you prove?

[00:21:34]Yes.

[00:21:36]Movement. Very good. Yes.

[00:21:41]It is also moving.

[00:21:43]Yes.

[00:21:45]Huh?

[00:21:47]>> Who is helping? No. If uh the human body is also not well by the support of someone only it will be taken now.

[00:21:56]Yes.

[00:21:59]Respiration.

[00:22:00]Yes.

[00:22:03]Excretion. Yes.

[00:22:07]Yes.

[00:22:09]H we are not living. Huh? Prove tell me how you are living. What character of yours can be proven as you are living?

[00:22:26]>> Your cells are rapidly defining.

[00:22:29]>> Dividing H. If it is not dividing, if it is not dividing, assume suppose you are in coma, that time also the cells will be dividing.

[00:22:46]Huh? It will be dividing.

[00:22:49]H it will not be dividing. Metabolic activity is zero. Then how the cell will divide first character. No. So here we when we want to prove living by one character we can't prove she told movement. No she told respiration no excretion one character will not prove the organism is living because maximum characters which the living organism show non-living organisms also okay so here he told sir cells are multiplying cells are dividing what is your cell made up of what is the chemical composition of your cell it is having carbon yes it is having carbon name you're taking oxygen into it the same compounds are present in the non-living things also right we can't tell so here when we want to prove the organism is living we need to take multiple characters we have to take multiple characters then only we can prove that organism is living first character what we have to take first character vector. What we have to take is number one growth.

[00:24:21]It is growth. Will you agree?

[00:24:25]How many of them will agree?

[00:24:28]Uh that is what I am asking. Will you agree? Uh he is not agreeing. What about others?

[00:24:34]Yes.

[00:24:36]Will you agree?

[00:24:40]We'll not agree. We'll agree. Yes. There is anyone who doesn't agree that no sir, we can't take growth because non-living things also grow. Yes.

[00:24:52]No idea. Yes. So here listen when we are taking this character growth as the character of living we need to study the organism whether the growth in the organism is from both side.

[00:25:11]Okay. What is the difference between the growth of living and non-living is non-living things grow from external source.

[00:25:21]Grow from wall is present. Yes. So the brick which we have kept that will not expand from inside it is not expanding. Right?

[00:25:34]If you want to increase the width of the wall what we have to do we have to add one more brick to it. Is that clear? So growth is from outside external source.

[00:25:47]Is that clear? So here non-living things only show growth from external source.

[00:25:54]Okay. And non-living living things living things will show the growth from both side external as well as internal until and unless internal growth is not proven that means the organism is not living. Why? Because each and every organism whether it is unisellular organism or multisellular organism it has to grow from inside okay external growth as well as internal growth. So here when we talk about the growth two types of growth one is internal one is external both has to be shown then only we will take this character if I tell only external growth it is not prove that the organism is living why nonorg the non-living things also will grow okay external growth is seen internally the organism will grow so here when The growth is from internal from inside. Now the phenomena which we see in the organism is called inter susception.

[00:27:11]What it is called inter susception.

[00:27:16]Any organism showing internal growth.

[00:27:18]Okay. And when the growth is from the external source from outside it is called accretion. What it is called accretion. Two types of growth. So first character that is growth. How will you define growth? Increase. Yes. Increase in mass or increase in girth, increase in size, weight, length etc. Yes.

[00:28:03]Is that clear? Did you understand? This is the first character of living.

[00:28:11]Second, second very important character.

[00:28:21]Shall we proceed? Yes. Second very important character. Anything which has life. No. Anything which has life.

[00:28:36]That means if the organism is living, no. So that will be made up of cell. It will be made up of cell. Where there is life, there is cell. What is cell? How will you define cell? Yes. Only you will tell unit of life.

[00:28:57]structural and >> functional unit of life then structural and functional unit of life. So here if the organism is living the organiz organism has to show presence of cell the organism should be either unisellular or it should be multisellular or no the organism should have tissue level it should have organ level it should have organ system level.

[00:29:35]So organization is important.

[00:29:40]Anything which has life will show organization.

[00:29:46]What organization? If the organism is one made up of cell, cellular organization.

[00:29:59]If the organism body is made up of tissue, no tissue level of organization.

[00:30:14]If the organism body is made up of any one organ particular no that means organ level of organization and if the organism body is made up of many organs many organs that means organ system. No take example of human body. We have so many systems in our body. We have digestive system. We have respiratory system. We have circulatory system. We have excrettory system. We have neural system. We have endocrine system. We have skeletal system. So when many organ systems are present, organ system level of organization is present and this is the one of the very important character one of the very important character to prove whether the organism is living.

[00:31:30]Okay. Without cell, without cell, no organism can exist. N will you agree with this point? Yes. If I tell you sir, virus, virus have cell virus have cell.

[00:31:48]Yes.

[00:31:50]Virus, lychans, prons, virs.

[00:31:56]They have cells. You have studied.

[00:31:58]Recall they have cell. They are made up of cell. Yes or no? They have cell or no? Yes.

[00:32:11]They don't have they are a cellular in nature but still they are living. How they are living to live to survive. No again they want host cell. Okay. They will tell they want host cell. So what they do? They will take host cell. Whose host cell? That host cell can be our cell. It can be animal cell. It can be plant cell or it can be bacterial cell.

[00:32:35]Is that clear? So once they are outside, no they are a cellular. They are lifeless material. Is that clear? The virus when it is present in the environment, it is lifeless. life when it comes in contact with the cell plant cell, animal cell, bacterial cell, any cell that becomes.

[00:32:58]Why? Because our cell has become vile cell. Now, is it clear? Did you understand? So here to prove that the organism is living, organization is important. What organization? cellular level of organization, tissue level of organization, organ level of organization and organ system level of organization.

[00:33:19]Is that clear? And when we talk about the organization, huh? When we talk about the organization here, the first thing what we understood is cell is the structural and functional unit of life. Okay. Now, inside the cell, this is structural and functional.

[00:33:40]Cell is the structural and functional unit of life. Now if I ask you what is the physical unit, physical unit of life?

[00:33:51]What is present inside?

[00:33:54]You have studied plant cell, animal cell, bacterial cell. No. Yes. What is present inside? What is the whole cell made up of?

[00:34:01]Yes.

[00:34:08]Nucleus.

[00:34:17]Yes.

[00:34:20]Cell. Inside the cell we have space.

[00:34:23]Yes or no? In that space. In that space many organals are present. As she told nucleus, endopplasmic reticulum, coli apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes, lysosomes, many are there.

[00:34:39]All the organals are present. But the space which is present world physical basis of life. What is that physical basis of life is having catches h no idea liquid yes or no what is thatid liquid called a protoplasm It is called Huh? Or it is also called cytoplasm.

[00:35:29]Yes. And this protoplasm or cytoplasm any cell you take bacterial, plant cell, animal cell, human cell, any cell you take, the cell will have cytoplasm or protoplasm. And this is the physical.

[00:35:47]Remember physical basis of life or physical unit of life.

[00:35:56]Is that clear? Did you understand? Yes.

[00:35:58]If I ask you why already one name was there sir protoplasm again why did you tell this cytoplasm?

[00:36:08]Yes or no?

[00:36:11]Question arises. What is your name?

[00:36:14]Huh?

[00:36:16]Louder.

[00:36:26]When already protoplasm was present, why another name was given to it? Any idea?

[00:36:32]Instead of protoplasm, why it is called cytoplasm?

[00:36:36]Yes.

[00:36:38]No idea. You did not ask in your first year PC when you studied the cell chapter. Plant cell, animal cell.

[00:36:47]Yes or no? You did not ask. Yes. See, so here why we will use this word cyto instead of proto we are using cyto. The reason is here in that liquid.

[00:37:01]Protoplasm is a liquid that is found in the cell. N in that liquid all the material is present. Nucleus is also present. ribosome, endoplasmic radiculum, everything is present. But here why we are using cyto because a chemical by name cytosol cytool is found abundantly in it protoplasm liquid cytosol.

[00:37:31]For that reason it is also called as cytoplasm.

[00:37:36]Okay. In short sir another word can be used. What is that protoplasm or cytoplasm also called genetic material fluid in which genetic material is present?

[00:38:01]etic fluid.

[00:38:02]Did you understand how many characters we studied now? Yes. Number one, growth.

[00:38:10]Number two, organization. Yes. Third very important character.

[00:38:17]Third very important character. Anything which has life, no, it has to show metabolism.

[00:38:34]It has to show metabolism. You are living.

[00:38:39]Yes. You are showing metabolism every day. Yes. What is metabolism? Can you define?

[00:38:47]Can you define? Who can define metabolism?

[00:38:52]Who can define?

[00:38:54]You should remember since you have passed your first year P now you are in second year PC that doesn't mean that you have to forget first year P.

[00:39:04]You need to remember you need to be revising. Why? For C and NET exam 40% of the NEAT syllabus is from first year PC.

[00:39:14]Is that clear? 50% of the C syllabus will be from first year P it's a combo okay sir we are familiar with the second year P syllabus you can't clear you can't get high rank first year PC also it is interconnected there are so many topics when you know first year PC topic then only you can go to second year PC is clear yes tell me metabolism how will you define The sum total of all chemical reactions taking place in a living organism.

[00:40:16]What we can tell the sum total of all the chemical reactions that are taking place in the living organism means 247.

[00:40:30]Yes.

[00:40:32]All 365 days throughout the life span of organism.

[00:40:51]Yes.

[00:40:52]Will you agree?

[00:40:54]You are sleeping in night. You are sleeping. Hey, when you are sleeping, your heart is not working.

[00:41:06]It is working. Your brain is not working. It is working. Your excretary system is not working. It is working.

[00:41:15]There are so many systems which are working. What they are doing? They are undergoing with many chemical reactions.

[00:41:22]What is the work of the digestive system?

[00:41:27]to undergo digestion process. You have eaten dinner. You have slept but your system is undergoing with the digestion process. Okay. What is your respiratory system doing? You are sleeping but you're not breathing.

[00:41:44]You're breathing. No. Exchange of gases is done. What is your circulatory system doing?

[00:41:51]Circulation of fluid.

[00:41:54]Yes or no? So here the sum total of all the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body 24 bar 7 all 365 days throughout the lifespan whether the organism is living for one day housefly or the organism living for hundreds of years take example of parrot how many years a parrot live any idea tatis how many how many years the tatis Yes.

[00:42:27]Parrot.

[00:42:30]No idea. 140 years. Remember the lifespan of a parrot is 140 years.

[00:42:37]Subarrot.

[00:42:39]Subarrot. If I ask you how many years you will live, will you be able to tell me? But if I ask if you ask me, I will tell approximately I can survive for 50 years or 60 approximate. Okay. How I can tell approximate? Because we have seen earlier the human being is living for 70 years, 80 years, 90 years. So approximate we can tell 60 to 100 years.

[00:43:03]Like that in the record we have found that the parrot can survive for 140 years. Highest lifespan in the birds.

[00:43:12]Okay. Similarly to you take 100 to 150 years the tortoise can survive.

[00:43:19]Is that clear? So here all the reactions that are taking place continuously throughout the lifespan is called as metabolism. Yes. When we talk what exactly is happening sir? This metabolism is classified.

[00:43:35]It is classified again.

[00:43:39]How will you classify?

[00:43:41]Any idea?

[00:43:43]You have studied?

[00:43:47]Yes. No idea. No. So here when the reactions are taking place that reactions are classified into two forms.

[00:43:55]Okay. One is called as catabolism.

[00:44:01]One is called as >> catabolism and one more is called as an yes done. Now coming to catabolism. What exactly is this catabolism?

[00:44:21]Yes.

[00:44:23]What exactly is catabolism?

[00:44:26]When the metabolism is taking place, when the reactions are taking place, this catabolism is a breakdown process.

[00:44:41]It is a breakdown process.

[00:44:46]Did you understand? Yes. And anabolism, anabolism is a build up process. It is a buildup process. Can you give one example for catabolism, one example for anabolism or together? Can you give one example?

[00:45:15]Yes. In your body, can you recall any catabolic reaction?

[00:45:23]>> Yes. Breathing.

[00:45:24]>> Breaking down.

[00:45:25]>> Huh? Breaking down of Yes. So here breaking down of food is called catabolism. Okay. And anabolism.

[00:45:42]anabolism.

[00:45:44]Yes. Once the digestion process is over, what exactly is happening?

[00:45:52]When the food reaches your small intestine, complete digestion process is over. Breakdown process is over. After that, what is happening? The digested food will be observed by the villi and micro villi cells in our small intestine. Right? So after they observe what they are doing they convert that digested food into proteins. Yes. That proteins in our body what they are doing it is giving energy to us. Yes. Now the process is called anabolism. Is that clear? When there is breakdown you take example of digestion or you take example of respiration.

[00:46:36]Yes are involved.

[00:46:39]Both are catabolism is also involved.

[00:46:42]Anabolism is also involved. Is that clear? When you are living out CO2, that means breakdown. Something is removed. Again, when you are taking O2, your cells are gaining energy. Yes or no? It is gaining oxygen. So again anabolism. Is that clear? So third very important, anything which has life, it has to show metabolism.

[00:47:07]Done. Is that clear? Yes.

[00:47:12]Fourth very important major character, major point which will prove the organism is living. No, we have reproduction.

[00:47:32]One of the very important character to prove the organism is living is reproduction. Have you ever heard this word reproduction?

[00:47:44]Reproduction.

[00:47:47]Yes. How will you define? Can you define?

[00:47:52]Yes. It's a biological process.

[00:48:03]In which the parental organism give rise to new offspring.

[00:48:26]similar or dissimilar to itself. So here anything which has life no anything which has life that organism has to show reproduction means producing its own young one again and again again and again. Why? Because to continue its generation or race to continue its generation or race, it has to go under by the process called reproduction. Producing again and again again and again. But here when we describe this process, this reproduction process is not same in all the organism.

[00:49:30]It is not same in all the organism. It is quite different. Why? Because here the reproduction is classified into two forms. It is classified into two forms.

[00:49:42]See in this only I'll show you. It's a biological process in which parental organism involved. Make this as one parental organism involved.

[00:49:53]Yes. One parental organism involved giving rise to the new offspring. No, only similar to itself.

[00:50:02]Only similar to itself. If you take smaller organisms, microorganisms, no.

[00:50:10]So here this organism will opt for first mode of reproduction that is called asexual reproduction.

[00:50:22]It is called asexual reproduction. When do we call asexual reproduction? When the reproduction is involving in only one parental organism and giving rise to new offspring that is similar to the parent.

[00:50:37]it is similar to the parent then it is called as asexual reproduction. Now second one. Second when the biological process is taking place two parental organisms are involved.

[00:50:55]Two parental organisms are involved giving rise to the new offspring dissimilar to itself.

[00:51:04]That means two different parents are involved and the offspring which is produced is also totally different from the parental organism. The time the reproduction is called as sexual reproduction. Here only one parent is involved.

[00:51:24]Only one parent is involved. Offspring is similar.

[00:51:34]Here two parental organisms are involved and here offspring is This similar.

[00:51:52]Did you understand how many characters we have studied till now?

[00:51:57]Yes. Four. Can you recall? Number one growth. Number two.

[00:52:06]And number three, >> metabolism. Number four.

[00:52:11]>> Yes. Any doubts still here?

[00:52:14]Any doubts? No doubts. Shall we proceed?

[00:52:17]Yes.

[00:52:19]Character number five.

[00:52:22]Very important character.

[00:52:36]One of the very important character that is consciousness or also called as irritability.

[00:52:48]What is that consciousness? If I hit this chair, who will get hurt? Chair or me? Chair?

[00:52:58]No. So that means uh I have some consciousness. What is that consciousness sir? Response to stimuli.

[00:53:08]response to stimuli. So that response to stimuli is shown by the living organism. Non-living organism, non-living things does not show any consciousness. They don't have consciousness.

[00:53:31]Yes or no? So this is one of the character. Anything which has life, anything which is made up of either one cell, it is unisellular also. Right? So that will show the response. Is that clear? Fifth character, one one of the very important character. Next movement are lo motion.

[00:54:02]Movement or locomotion.

[00:54:06]So here one of the very important character that proves the organism is living. It is movement or locom motion.

[00:54:15]The word moment or locom motion what I have written it is same.

[00:54:20]It is same or different?

[00:54:22]Same.

[00:54:25]Yes.

[00:54:28]Same or different.

[00:54:31]What do you understand by the word moment? Locom motion.

[00:54:38]Movement.

[00:54:41]So here all the different types of movements can be called as locom motion. Different different types of movement can be called as locom motion. All movements can be called as locom motion but all locomotions cannot be called as movement.

[00:55:10]Locom motion cannot be called as moment but movement can be called as locom motion. Why? Question arises why? So here see here I am standing here. I am standing here. Yes I am not moving.

[00:55:27]I am not moving.

[00:55:34]I have shown you locom motion. I have shown you uh movement means this is also called as movement only. No, the organism is showing movement with or without the support of any locomot whether it is a longer movement or shorter movement. Okay. If I do like this then also it's a moment. If I do like this movement like this movement only if I take this movement all are movement only. Okay. But locomotion when it is called locomotion when it should take the support of locomot organ we have locomot organ similarly all the organism have locomot organ it can be pseudopodia it can be celia it can be fimria it can be flagagula it can be foods is that clear so when the movement is done with the support of locomot organ then it is called locomotion okay But both are the characters to prove living. There are so many organism which which are attached to the substratum.

[00:56:46]Plants are moving. Plants are moving.

[00:56:50]They are moving.

[00:57:00]But they are showing movement. What movement they are showing? The roots are elongating. The stem is elongating. The branches are elongating. That means the foot is getting transported.

[00:57:12]Yes. Support you are putting water where nutrients if locomot organ is involved it is locom motion. Yes. Both are the characters of living. Is that clear? Any doubts? No doubts. Yes.

[00:57:42]Apart from this, any other character?

[00:57:46]Yes. He told excretion that excretion will come under metabolism only. Okay.

[00:57:51]Apart from that, someone somebody else told here. Yes. Breathing or respiration.

[00:57:57]Breathing or respiration.

[00:58:07]Yes, one of the very important character what is breathing? What is respiration? Both are same. Now again both are same. Yes, in plant body if you take example of plant body they are not same. You have studied a complete chapter in plants. Do you remember respiration in plants? And again in the animals you have studied breathing and exchange of gases. N now can you tell both are same? Breathing and respiration is same.

[00:58:38]Yes. No, it is not same. When you tell breathing whether the breathing is in plants or in the animal, what it is?

[00:58:47]It's a exchange process. Taking in O2, leaving out CO2 that is breathing process. When it comes to respiration, cellular breakdown, buildup of energy, okay, breakdown of cellular form and gaining the ATP, production of ATP. So when there is a cell, when there is cellular breakdown, when there is gaining of energy, when ATP production is there, ATP formation is there, that absorption is there, then only life is there. Right? Here ATP is taking place, breakdown is taking place.

[00:59:24]No. Yes or no? So breathing and respiration again one of the very important character for living. Yes.

[00:59:33]Apart from this any other one one character you tell we will uh finish with the this and we'll go with the next topic. Yes.

[00:59:43]All the major I have told simple think of yourself. Think of this non-living things and tell me easily.

[00:59:52]Can you tell?

[00:59:55]Tell me first.

[00:59:58]H I got love.

[01:08:15]No question.

[01:16:58]Yes. Shall we proceed? Yes. Now apart from uh this seven characters one more character that is form and size R. Take one more character adaptation.

[01:17:25]Uh finally take one more character life cycle.

[01:17:34]Yes. So here when we talk about the form and size form and size this is also one of the character which prove that organism is living. Why? Any organism you take whether you take yourself or microorganism or macroorganism the size the shape of the organism is definite.

[01:18:04]It is definite.

[01:18:08]Take apple.

[01:18:11]Apple. Yes. Or watermelon.

[01:18:15]The size of the apple. Have you ever seen as watermelon?

[01:18:22]No. Perfect size. Right. Shape.

[01:18:28]Have you ever seen the uh apple in the form of watermelon or watermelon in the form of banana?

[01:18:37]Wherever you go throughout the world, apple is of same shape, approximate same size. Watermelon same shape approximate same size. Is that clear? So here when the organism is living the is definite. It is definite.

[01:19:00]If the organism is not living, non-living things are present then the form and size will be in the indefinite form. Indefinite size. Yes or no? If you are constructing a home, your home can be of one floor, two floor, three floor depends, all the homes are of not same size, same shape. No, yes or no. So this is also one of the character form and size.

[01:19:29]Is that clear? Then coming to adaptation.

[01:19:34]Adaptation.

[01:19:35]What exactly is this adaptation? Any idea?

[01:19:39]Any idea?

[01:19:42]Adaptation.

[01:19:47]Yes. Very good. Adapting an environment.

[01:19:50]Yes. You are present here. You are living here in Bangalore city. No.

[01:19:56]Will you be able to survive? Yes.

[01:20:00]You'll be able to survive. What you have to do? You have to adapt. That's day one. You will not be able to you will be feeling like irritated there. You are not able to adjust with the water, with the light, with the air, with that place. One day, 2 days after 1 month if I see you there, that means you are adapted. N so here adaptation is one of the very important character. Not only you are adapting a place there are so many organism they adapt their own body they will be changed in the structural form anatomical form is that clear behavioral form person living in Hyderabad no after coming here living here the language which he speaks after five years he will speak the same language as Hyderabadi change. We will be talking in the Bangalorean language. No. So here the behavioral change, structural change. Take example of the birds. You have heard about Charles Darwin.

[01:21:17]Charles Darwin.

[01:21:22]Charles Darwin. Nice.

[01:21:27]So here this Charles Darwin is a person who proved natural selection is one of the important criteria in this environment. What is that natural selection? So he told adaptation is one of the very important character.

[01:21:49]Okay. What he has done? He has conducted the experiment there.

[01:21:53]He went to a particular island. That island name is called as Galapagus. In secondary PC it will come for you. Now in the chapter name evolution. No there you will study.

[01:22:05]He went to an island called Galapagus Island.

[01:22:10]Is that clear? When he was doing a survey in the island the birds he was able to see surviving. No. So one major difference we saw in the birds the birds which were present in the north side south side both the birds are same birds are same but the finch beak beak size is different beak size is different but beak it is different in this side the birds which are living in the this side of the island for example north side. Okay. So they are having a big finch big also called as in biology finches.

[01:23:02]Okay. So here what to adaptation we are understanding. No. So he was able to see there in that part of the island the bird it is having a long beak. So max amount of population of the birds were found there.

[01:23:24]The food what they were eating was hard in nature. The seeds the grains which they were eating it was hard in nature.

[01:23:32]What the birds have to do? They have to break the food. They have to break the food and they have to have they have to eat. Is that clear? So when they try to break no the beak will get damaged instead of beating that on the grain if it is on the layer what will happen on the ground the beak will be damaged. Yes or no? So the beak size is getting reduced broken irregular shape.

[01:24:09]Unfortunately in 100 birds what 10 birds will think instead of fighting air for the food instead of facing the scarcity of shelter food space what can be done to move that place to migrate to another place the birds will come to the next part this part of the island south pole from the north pole they have come South pole what they were able to see here space is number of is also less foot is also soft there no not required for beating breaking then eating it is there yes now they started adapting there surviving there yes now the next generation of the birds also continuing the birds became parental generation the next generation of the were also growing there. So here when the next generation is arised what will be the size of the beak large or small?

[01:25:18]It should be large or small.

[01:25:22]There it was. Some beaks were broken.

[01:25:25]Some beaks were broken. Then they came here. Assume that is a broken beak. But uh if the next generation continues the beak should be long. N but uh we were able to see Charles Darin have seen he has proposed natural selection.

[01:25:47]He has natural selection. He was able to see there the beak size is reduced. It is reduced. Why? Because the birds have adapted to that particular environment.

[01:25:59]That space that food there the beak size was big. They were breaking the foot or the food. The beak should be here. Now the parental generation have not broken any food.

[01:26:16]their beak were broken. The next generation is again.

[01:26:20]So here this proves adaptation and adaptation is seen in the living organism. Non-living organism doesn't show any adaptation. Is that clear? And coming to the third one very important character life cycle. Yes, you're able to see any life cycle in the non-living things. Yes, today you are seeing here this chair, this TV, this part fan.

[01:26:43]After one year also they are present same but you will be the same. Your height will be increased. Your personality will be increased. Yes or no? So here usually living organism show life cycle. That life cycle is nothing but the lifespan. Yes. Any organism you take any organism you take the particular organism is having particular lifespan and in that particular lifespan it show different stages. Okay. The first stage which the organism show is called as juvenile.

[01:27:19]It is called juvenile. What is the juvenile? Take a example of yourself.

[01:27:25]From the day one when you were born till the age of maturity 11 years, 12 years.

[01:27:30]No, it is called as growth phase. You are increasing in size, increasing in mass. Yes or no? You're growing. Your height, weight, personality is changing.

[01:27:40]Yes. Is that clear? After 20 years it will change right you're seeing your mother height is increasing day by day year by year no stagnant okay yes or no so that age that span that stage where you are able to see growth in the order it is called as juvenile phase what it is called juvenile phase no once the juvenile phase is over when it is over reaches matur Maturity reaches maturity.

[01:28:18]Yes, it is reaching maturity. When maturity is reached, the organism the lifespan of the organism will move to the second stage that is called as reproductive.

[01:28:33]What will happen in the reproductive stage? The organism is capable of giving rise to the new offspring.

[01:28:40]When you are juvenile, you can't give.

[01:28:43]You can't produce your own young one.

[01:28:45]When you are old, 70 years old, you can't produce your own young one. When you are producing your own young one, when you are in the reproductive span, reproductive stage. This is the second one. Now once this age is over no he will show third stage sins essence also called as old age also called old age okay old age what is this spir one one of this age where the organism body is not growing nor reproducing your metabolic activity will be reduced yes your movements are slow down. So that stage ending stage it is yes this completely together finally after old age what will happen the organism will this is called as life cycle. Any organism you take whether you take microorganism or microorganism you take plants you take animals you take human all will show life cycle. Yes or no? All will show life cycle that will have juvenile phase, reproductive phase, scinessence phase and finally death of the organism. Non-living thing does not show this. Yes. Therefore, one of the major character that proves living.

[01:30:14]Is that clear? Yes. So all these character characteristic features to prove that organism is living. Any doubts you have? Clear? Yes. In the next class, we'll continue with the chapter.

[01:30:27]Okay.

[01:31:28]Happy Christmas.