Complete BIOLOGY in 1 Shot || All Concepts & PYQS || NEET 2027 | Cell : The Unit of Life-PART-1

追加: 2026-05-13

[00:00:02]Hello everyone, welcome to all of you. Let's Let's start today's session. End I made this series on your demand.

[00:00:10]Has started. You guys should support it. End In many institutions, I have I have taught both Zoology and Botany. other than that NEET has also taught in IS, PCS Apart from. & TGT, PGT, Zoology, Botany, I have taught up to Masters level also.

[00:00:24]Has also taught in CSIR NET. Ok? So you People here I am completely in the field of Zoology And I will provide both Botany because Our target is NEET 2027 in which I will write about our class.

[00:00:40]I will explain both to you in English.

[00:00:42]In language i.e. English type you batch Understand this if Hindi and English medium If you people demand it then it will be Hindi.

[00:00:48]Exclusively on Medium, which is only I will bring the series in Hindi also.

[00:00:52]I will go.

[00:00:54]This is my introduction, my name is Doctor Sadid Ali is there and my schooling is I am from Moradabad, UP and have passed from UP Board.

[00:01:03]And after that I did my graduation.

[00:01:06]from Aligarh Muslim University I have done my Masters from Banaras Hindu from the University i.e. BHU, Kashi Hindu I have done my university and PhD.

[00:01:14]from Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi I have published many research papers in public.

[00:01:21]And we studied a lot in that way.

[00:01:24]Research has been going on. Isn't it? University Has taught in colleges. which is of many kinds That has been the experience and yours I have brought this on demand. You People please read this properly.

[00:01:38]and from anywhere, any big You can get the notes from the institute. So You will see that you will get more than that. Less Nothing will remain. Yes, sometimes it is necessary It becomes as necessary as it is Read what we have to read. Many times it It is also important to know what not to read.

[00:01:55]Because there are some unnecessary things too.

[00:01:56]in which children waste their time and At the end of the day it is seen whose The selection has been done and whose selection is it?

[00:02:03]It did not happen. This is what is seen. Ok? So No matter how much I studied, In how many institutions have I taught, if I If I am unable to make you understand what I am saying then There is no benefit in that. You assume someone No matter how big coaching institutes you teach in, No matter how big an institution you have been in, It's going over your head and you're going to understand.

[00:02:21]I am not coming. Coming to your level, your Languages ​​are not taught that way.

[00:02:24]Used to be. So that doesn't make any sense. Yes, You understand, right? So now what we have is exactly You have to take me from zero and whatever is in it I have to take everyone along with me.

[00:02:34]Share the video as much as possible So that whatever it is, I get motivation and this The series should continue till the end and in a proper manner.

[00:02:40]I will teach both Zoology and Botany. Both I teach the same. So you will see that you You will study absolutely exam oriented here And you are going to read it free of cost.

[00:02:48]Are.

[00:02:50]Now how to study and how much to study, we will decide.

[00:02:53]I understand. So some people will say read it like this, Read it that way. Everyone will see the different readings.

[00:02:58]There is a method. And everyone who has brain There are different types of capacities.

[00:03:02]And get some read at night very well.

[00:03:05]I remember it and some remember it during the day and I remember the morning reading very well.

[00:03:08]Is. So he should read it during that time. early night Go to sleep. Then what if early in the morning Get up. Now, some people like to read at night.

[00:03:14]Feels very good. I read a lot at night If you remember well, then you should read it at night.

[00:03:17]Ah, do you understand? So, read a little at night.

[00:03:19]You can see it according to your own. and students 6 hours of sleep is enough in life.

[00:03:25]How many? 6 hours of sleep is enough. more than It is enough. You should have sound sleep. Ok No? And tension etc., this is everyone's life.

[00:03:32]There is some ups and downs somewhere. Any Is there more tension or pressure at home?

[00:03:36]It happens. Some people don't have what they have. Isn't it?

[00:03:39]It depends on how we get out of the environment.

[00:03:41]I will come after doing it. So, people from middle class families I often solve their problems well I understand it very well. very well Because I also belong to a farmer family.

[00:03:49]I do. So the thinking is mental, right, at the mental level All this is about the environment, all this I understand very well. so many times I won't feel like studying. many times which is Negative thoughts will come. So how during that time Understand that you have to keep yourself positive.

[00:04:03]That is an important part of your preparation.

[00:04:05]It is also important to keep the mind under control Is part of. When you are alone, there is loneliness Loneliness, so during that time there are many negative thoughts.

[00:04:12]Let's come. Many by-type things in our It comes to mind. Comes to mind. So We have to avoid them. how to do time management That is also your responsibility. Practice How to do it is also your responsibility.

[00:04:23]Because the hard work you do now is yours.

[00:04:25]Of the life that she is going to live. of life The status that one will have is decided by this.

[00:04:32]It happens. Now let's see why we made a mistake.

[00:04:35]Let's go? So brother, it is important to forget. But those Things that are not necessary. If you forget this If this function was not there, there would have been a big problem.

[00:04:44]If you watch it many times, you will not feel like living. Many Sometimes someone dies in the house.

[00:04:48]If something happens, it seems everything has turned around Is. What will you do, sir? such thoughts Will come. What to do? By becoming a doctor. What Will you do it after becoming an engineer? thoughts come from Are. But forget the bad things and see or the things that bother you Life is all about making mistakes and moving forward. So this There will be ups and downs in life. are understanding No? So it is necessary to forget. So those things Forget what is not important to you. Wool Recall the things that are important again and again.

[00:05:13]How to recall now? So first we We understand that these things that we give to someone They are quickly understood. understand someone quickly I don't come. Many times those who understand quickly Those who do not come get selected and those who It is more understandable that sometimes they select They don't happen. So let's depend on that, meaning Let's see what it depends on.

[00:05:31]Is. So you will be seeing this, which is a IQ chart. Look at this carefully The IQ which we call IQ Intelligence quotient is called IQ. So what IQ is called intelligence quotient.

[00:05:44]This is called an intelligent question. So How do we remove this? Ah, someone's There is mental age. What happens? Mental Age Which is what you call mental age. What do you say? Mental. of the mantle I mean, I am not mad brother. Meaning of mental What is? Mental age. That is, how much he thinks What is the capacity of the brain? And His real age i.e. chronological age Or you can call it real age.

[00:06:09]How much is it? By dividing by the actual age, we get Let's see and enter 100. So What do we have to do with this? IQ level It comes out. Now it's in our hands No, because where does it come from? Mother And it comes from the father's DNA. genetic Depends on the character. Butt something environmental factors and some calculations, Reasoning: Doing all this also makes the brain sharp It happens. This is the reason why the whole world If we look at the syllabus, then till 10th class Aptitude means mathematics etc. And so on, they exist so that we can think Do more. Otherwise, you would have seen that How much mathematics is involved in everyday life?

[00:06:46]It is used. Adding, multiplying, subtraction is all this, what else is there to use It is happening. But we who are all over the world I read things from menstruation to No trigonometry and all these things.

[00:06:58]It also helps to sharpen our brain.

[00:07:00]It happens. Further applications as well If you look at it, it is but a normal I am telling you the thing. So look at our There is a mental level and the IQ level So if someone's score is between 90 to 109 is around Do you understand? So that's average. a general It is of the level. Even if it is 90, it still means a little less.

[00:07:19]Is. But still it will come in average. 109 Even if it is there, it is not very fast. means okay Is. There is 50% such population in the world. If If you also come in this then understand that 50% of the world's population has it. if someone's If it comes around 110 and 119 then it is high.

[00:07:34]It is average. So the population is around 16.1 in the world and higher than the average Whatever is there will be above. Intelligent you can say Are. If someone's blood pressure is around 120 to 130 So he is superior. Okay, right? Enough is a genius and if it is above 130 then You will see that it is very superior, that is He is super intelligent. like Einstein So the IQ of Mr. Einstein was It was 160 plus.

[00:08:00]Do you understand? So there were many geniuses.

[00:08:03]Okay, right? You can call him a super genius.

[00:08:06]Even today there are many people who are considered super geniuses.

[00:08:08]Are in the category of. like a young moon Yes, I have made a name for myself by doing something like this. You are on Google Please search. So their 200 something is 235 It is around but it is theoretically so much that People don't believe it is possible, but we believe it Let me take another example You must have heard the name of Mr. Bean.

[00:08:25]His IQ is around 185 plus.

[00:08:29]That comedy is around 180 or 185 plus I don't speak, I just make you laugh.

[00:08:34]But what is he, he is a supergenius and he should study How many are there, also understand that Oxford Probably electrical from university what is it in engineering He has done M.Tech. He is an engineer You understand, he is also from Oxford.

[00:08:49]Now see, from here the matter comes from 80 to 90 If someone gets it, it would be a low average.

[00:08:53]Is. Even all these people who are They have full chances of getting selected.

[00:08:58]Let's go. It has also been seen many times that It was found that the super intelligent ones were selected It did not happen.

[00:09:04]And these are below average ones. Isn't it? Take Selection of average or below average Done. Because they assumed that brother Whatever is ours, the things we understand She doesn't come until she reads it four times.

[00:09:15]So we'll read it four times, we'll read it six times.

[00:09:17]Read it seven times until you understand it.

[00:09:19]I will go and read it, if you are adamant then watch this Get selected and give more time If you work hard and have dedication then you will get selected.

[00:09:25]Sometimes they become arrogant That we are super intelligent brother, we are I mean, they are super dinimus, what do we care?

[00:09:31]There is a need to read it now that they will read it.

[00:09:33]Otherwise how will they know new things?

[00:09:35]Chances of selection are reduced many times Yes, if those whose value is above this or high He is super or very super superior, he is a genius.

[00:09:44]Or super genius so if this reading starts so much Do it five to six times and then you will see Then the top will come in it, so this is the thing So I want to say that those who Even here there is someone who thinks that he is below average.

[00:09:55]So understand what that is and select that too.

[00:09:57]I may know many who We have the highest species officers today.

[00:10:01]Our classmates of histories place like USA What are the scientists in today's era?

[00:10:06]You understand, right? There are many who They are running big hospitals. It is Sardan.

[00:10:12]Isn't it? There is MD, there is MS. These are. So you Can be selected. Now how to remove it Are? This means that assume that That whatever someone's age is, it is real Let's say he is 10 years old. But his Joe Mental His level is like that of a 15 year old child.

[00:10:28]It does calculations very fast. are understanding No? And he answers very quickly.

[00:10:34]And meaning, understand it this way through calculations etc. I come in. So its average meaning is If IQ comes, it will be around 150. Any The guy is 10 years old or let's say he is some guy 20 years old and he's thinking like an 18 year old.

[00:10:47]As much as a child, his is less than average Will come. You understand, right? If this happens then It depends and it also depends on genes.

[00:10:55]Does. You understand this, right? So brother Whatever it is, it's fine. You just have to work hard You have to do it and you can achieve your target If you keep it in your mind, you will develop positivity.

[00:11:05]Energy will come. Do you understand? So what our His brain is as fast as 100 computers I think about it but am unable to distort it.

[00:11:10]Therefore it has to be recalled again and again.

[00:11:12]So you will see that we will keep reading this.

[00:11:14]What to read? Isn't it? That topic wise we Will read. But before that we have to know the correct Ah energy should be directed in the right direction.

[00:11:21]It has to be applied in. Because if I do this Let me tell you, like, assume This is your target and if you do this If you stray from your path, you will see that you are not able to reach your target.

[00:11:30]or are late We will reach if we reach at all. and a fellow Which is exactly the mind regarding the target is perfectly settled in and he is directly I did not agree to his words. he lay straight The target will reach directly on the target This will take very little time. So to the mind Do not divert. yours well Have to study. And you'll see that sometimes something Children have a habit of focusing on the same topic.

[00:11:55]Which will be taught by 10 teachers and online We will look from here and there. Sir will feel it somewhere He did not tell this. He told this Dia here is the plus point there. like this You should keep comparing the notes only.

[00:12:05]Will go. Once I have the notes I will give you I will provide it to any of India In coaching, you got it from his notes.

[00:12:10]If you like it better than that then you can read more.

[00:12:13]You may be able to understand. This is also a thing That brother, the notes are very good but you Unable to understand. what I am telling Even if he doesn't understand it, it's no use Not there. If yes, you like it, then Please continue here. So let's see How much we forget what we are And how much we remember. So you will see This is a forgetting curve. Forgetting Curve Is. If you look at this, then ah retention is ours It resides in the brain. How much retention It remains. How much we read, how much we remember remains. So you will see for yourself that you The good ones will come in that category. If If you have already read something, it is obvious.

[00:12:49]The thing is you gave me time first. what you read You are just recalling it. Revision Tax You are here. But like you've got something new If you read it, you will read it new, then when you were reading it during the same day you are being taught If we talk about that day, it happens It will seem that yes, you understood. if you If you don't revise, as soon as one day you It happens here, I have given days, this is one As the day unfolds, you will see that almost Around 55% of those who are there have forgotten.

[00:13:14]There are.

[00:13:16]Correct? You will see it the next day How much will remain? around ah 37% you Admit it or are you okay? around 35-36% Then it will decrease further. going into the third day If we look at it, it's about 23-24%, then later If you look at it on the fourth day, it will be more than 20%.

[00:13:34]It will come less. around 17-18% and will see So approximately what is around 16% then approximately what So let's assume that it is around 10%.

[00:13:43]Will go. Meaning, let's assume that it keeps decreasing.

[00:13:46]and it will cost you a little bit around 10% 9% will remain like this So you must have realized that we need revision This is important to do and you should remember this during revision.

[00:13:56]Keep in mind that they will make the rule of 6 + 1.

[00:13:59]What will happen is that you work hard for six days.

[00:14:01]Read it and then whatever happens on the sixth day When the seventh day comes, you will be Will revise. Whatever you have read You have to keep revising and you will see that A little bit of revision as you start If you do it, it will keep increasing every week.

[00:14:15]Will go. Suppose on Sunday you revise So next time more Have to revise. Now and then again Keep revising because in a single day Then there will be revision for 6 months, not just one.

[00:14:24]Do it again in the same way during the day.

[00:14:26]You. There was a scientist named Tony.

[00:14:28]Bujan. What was his name? Tony Buzan. These He told me how to read. And that's me I am going to tell you. I completed this I am telling you this with research and this I have also applied myself. from the larger Big things are remembered. from the biggest Phule, all the big names would be remembered Are. If we read them accordingly, then What did he tell? He gave me his brain Mapping. So he told that brother, whatever it is You have to do brain mapping. Brain Map We have to make sure that if we start a topic If we are doing it then how will we read it? So Let us take an example. As He gave us bacteria, I have to study viruses and fungi, I have to study fungus.

[00:15:04]So in this, suppose we talk about Have to read about bacteria. So If we want to study about bacteria then we Do you know what bacteria are like?

[00:15:12]Come under prokaryotes. These have cell walls There is a cell membrane. in that There is a folded layer. Mesosomes They say. These contain ply. Among these It is fimri. They have flagella.

[00:15:22]These are gram positive. Gram Negative Also happen. According to Stan, if we If we look at it from the origin point of view, archaebacteria eubacteria There are cyanobacteria. according to the shape Just look, see how many types there are.

[00:15:35]They are of coccus type. Spirallum is Are. Vessels are present.

[00:15:41]Isn't it? Became spiral type, coccus Went. So this is how their shape remains.

[00:15:45]Are. How many of these are harmful, how many It is beneficial, where are they used? Is No? What is the use of artificial things?

[00:15:52]Where are they found naturally?

[00:15:53]When the electron microscope came, it was Then how could we research them? Their What is the size? what size would it be Are? Generally, which of these is it?

[00:16:02]Bacteria that do not have a cell wall? Is No? How is this nutrition?

[00:16:06]What types of reproduction are there? Would There is binary fuzz in these. Now suppose that Someone wants to read Fungus. Reading fungus So brother, what is the definition of fungus?

[00:16:16]What happens to fungus? Reproduction in these Which one is it? Spore formation in these How does it happen? Which of these is unicellular?

[00:16:22]It happens? Which are multicellular?

[00:16:24]Mostly these are multicellular but Some are also unicellular.

[00:16:28]In this. What are the molds in these?

[00:16:31]What is slime mold and so on? Isn't it? This What are Ascomycetes in this way?

[00:16:34]What is Vesidiomycetes? How many categories Is? All this.

[00:16:38]Now suppose you want to study viruses, then What is the study of viruses? of the virus What is the size? were very small which can also penetrate bacteria This and the virus are the connecting links.

[00:16:48]These are living and non-living things, right?

[00:16:51]They are partially living. in this cell Do not follow the theory. Okay, right? And These are animal viruses, plant viruses There are viruses. Bacteriophages are.

[00:17:00]Which diseases can be caused by these? Correct Isn't it? All these things are there in it. Ok?

[00:17:05]What is their DNA like? This is a DNA virus There are RNA viruses. What types are there?

[00:17:09]There is nothing in these now. Ok? These For example, he gave another example.

[00:17:14]Let's say we study biomes.

[00:17:16]We have biomes. What are biomes?

[00:17:18]There is a group of ecosystems. So the same one It is seen at latitude. similar It depends on the environmental conditions. So Now suppose we are talking about aquatic biome Started doing it. Talking about biomes which are aquatic Started. So in this we will see that marine type What is the sea like? in fresh water Who all come? Then their example end Will see the location. There are physical features.

[00:17:38]Environmental features include light, temperature is, humidity is, rainfall is, wind speed Is. Isn't it? What are these plants and What are the animal species? What is?

[00:17:47]That is, what are biotic and abiotic factors?

[00:17:49]Are? If we are from the desert biome If we talk about desert then who will talk about coastal come from? Which ones come in cold?

[00:17:56]Who falls in the arid and semi-arid zones?

[00:17:58]If we talk about forests, then tropical It became a rainforest. The toppers were disused.

[00:18:02]Became boreal. Okay, right? taiga den what Is? If we talk about grassland then prairie, steppes, savanna, tundra If we talk about it, there is Arctic and there is Alpine.

[00:18:12]There is some terminology like this that What is called environment? Habitat Who do you call? ecosystem ecosystem How many types can there be? Natural Manmade Isn't it artificial? So this is how the brain Mapping takes place. So whenever you discuss a topic like today we will read a topic Cell. Isn't it? So we will see about that We will gradually understand everything.

[00:18:32]If you read anything, it will be brain mapping.

[00:18:34]According to this, he was a scientist He told that brother, the retention curve How does that happen, which is retention?

[00:18:46]What we learned from the lecture is about 5% new stuff.

[00:18:50]If you read it, you retain it to that extent, okay?

[00:18:52]Nor does this much remain in a few days, meaning The average learning retention rate is as soon as we Readings are as much as you can remember.

[00:18:58]Audio is 10% better than reading If we talk about visuals, audio visual That means, as you will see the class now, there is audio also.

[00:19:06]There is also visual. Ok? So this 20% retention Keeps it. The gift that comes from the demonstration demo Showing something you learn Model Voll: By doing all this in this way, 30% You learn 50% from discussion groups.

[00:19:18]If there is a healthy discussion, there is no such thing in it.

[00:19:21]It should be like you have one in the group I want to learn it but I don't want to tell you.

[00:19:26]I want to. Isn't it okay? I don't want to tell Is. So this type of discussion should not happen.

[00:19:28]Needed And your mind should not be so narrow.

[00:19:31]You shouldn't tell your partner.

[00:19:33]Have been. Your competition is not with him. Oho Brother, think that you too should be selected.

[00:19:37]Go. your roommate, classmate, or Then there is your discussion partner brother, his too Lets do it. Everyone should go to the same medical college.

[00:19:44]That means get such a good rank that you get one place Go to AIIMS. Ok? Why is everything like this No? Why don't we think like this? same You have no competition with the whole of India.

[00:19:52]There is competition with people. You understand, right? So Think about this and what you are doing practice wise.

[00:19:58]You also learn from it. like something You have to learn by practicing on your own This is called learning by doing. donation Is teaching others this much better?

[00:20:05]There is a method. So look, you try to tell me Do. Explain to others that too in teaching It will come soon. Or at home like yours, I mean Wherever you are in the room, you stay in the room.

[00:20:16]If you are there then take a white board and But you can write whatever is there on it in small words.

[00:20:21]Try to explain it to someone or something Explain it like this. If nothing else, you can watch the video Record it. See for yourself that yes Where am I making mistakes? without seeing I miss you so much. So even than that Yes, I remember it well. So watch this for free Our classes are going to be off-cost Yes, and these classes of ours are proper.

[00:20:37]If you keep going, this is one UPI code. If The support you receive voluntarily and willingly If you want to do it, do it on the channel because I and many other children are come to university college etc. like I also pay their fees somewhere I will give it. But it is not very correct to say Is. And whatever it is, may it continue smoothly.

[00:20:56]Because whoever reads this PowerPoint presentation making, making PPT, I am conducting a class. Isn't it? So this is all They also have some seeds etc. from here.

[00:21:03]Is everyone there? This will remain. Ok? so anyway So let's start now with what we are Of the session. So what will we talk about?

[00:21:11]Biology.

[00:21:14]So see, here these two words have come.

[00:21:16]That brother, here one came bio and plus another What came? logy.

[00:21:21]I I will keep writing in English but I will speak I will speak in both Hindi and English.

[00:21:27]So that you can make notes properly. Correct Is? So see what is the meaning of bio That is living. What does bio mean?

[00:21:34]Living means the living thing about which we are talking and what does logic mean There is a study of it. what does it mean Its? Study of means to study. Study to do. Okay, right? So those who are alive What is called studying? Ah Biological Comes. Now like we say that brother living Who all come in? Who's Who in the Living Do you know? So, whoever is alive, whether he be it a prokaryote or a eukaryote, then it has There may be bacteria. Whatever is in it for you Fungi can be fungi. Ah, this protist Write it down, I am writing it in the first sequence.

[00:22:05]Could be protists. Protista.

[00:22:09]Okay, right? protists or protista Take it. Ok? So, the bacteria in Yes, which ones are included in that? Mones Come in. So, Monera. Ok?

[00:22:18]Prodista is done. What is the gift? Yours Could be fungus. What is the gift? Then your Could be plants. and plants than What is? They could be your animals.

[00:22:26]Animals There could be animals. This is it. Now like a Remember that when it comes to viruses like us which are viruses. So the virus is These are partially living. what would have happened Are? Partially Living. partial organisms These are they. That is, this is from itself which is in itself There are no living beings. for them to survive A host will be needed. Host and Guest is two words. The host is the one Who supports someone. like our If any guest comes to our house, whatever expenses we may have.

[00:22:55]The guest is coming. I will give an example If I am staying then we will be called hosts and whoever came The one whose guest you are praying for He will be called Mehman i.e. guest. So now here This is a harmful guest.

[00:23:03]That is a different matter. So you are partially living And this is what is called the connecting link Are. You have differentiated between living and non-living You must have read it. What are they called? Connecting Link. Ok? So our complete response to the virus We will teach in the sequence that will remain. As It is according to the syllabus and I am studying Zoology and I will teach both Botany. Okay, right? Absolutely same way. So the connecting link between living And non-living things. Living and Non-Living Living Things. Isn't it? So whatever it is, we Whatever it is, we study all this in this. So Biology is done. Now remember one thing Keep that biology, this name, which Who gave the name? The name is given by So who gave the name John?

[00:23:49]Baptiste de Lamarck Lamarck sir and Trivenus gave it Trivenus gave it This is right, isn't it? They gave this name.

[00:24:00]The name given to biology, the term given to it He is the father of biology.

[00:24:07]Who is called the father of biology?

[00:24:10]goes? is called the father of biology To whom? To Mr. Aristotle. who is called Is? Aristotle. Aristotle, whom you Is? In Hindi it would be called Aristotle. Ok?

[00:24:22]It is called Aristotle Sahib. And he was the Great scientist. And see this father of There is also zoology. Okay, right? This is what is very He was a great scientist. He is also the Father of Zoology.

[00:24:33]This is the Father of Zoology.

[00:24:37]Father of Political Science There are also those from Political Science. You will see He also worked on animal behavior.

[00:24:44]Was. Etcetera and scientists who are A hack is born once in thousands of years Because he was the great scientist and He was also super intelligent. Yes. Ok?

[00:24:54]But he was into other things too. Music Music and all this and drama in all this Isn't it poetry? He has written all this.

[00:25:02]Ok? Will be.

[00:25:04]So he is also the father of zoology and who is There are many things and many more Are. Ok? Now see, when we If we study biology, we will Will go down to the molecular level. first big thing, little thing, little thing, little thing like this We will continue studying from here. So what The biology that we study. Correct Is? The biology that we study.

[00:25:26]Ok? And that How do we study what we have to study?

[00:25:32]What do we call that? So I write here I give The method, let's say, kind of method of the study of the Biology Biology is called Reductionist Biology. Reduction or reductionist It is called biology. So we make this They call it reductionist biology. Ok No? Reduction biology or reductionists It is called biology. understood the thing How do we do that? because in Like you will see that first something is at a higher level We read on. Then it is from what it is, isn't it?

[00:26:20]They reach a high level. then smaller If we talk, it becomes lower. Correct Is? And we reach at the micro level.

[00:26:28]Let's go. After that even at the nano level we can go. So when we consider all these things Here comes the lower micro level.

[00:26:35]Everything is called molecular level.

[00:26:37]What? molecular level because everything that It has happened. from whom atoms etc. from all those So this is what we can do at the molecular level.

[00:26:47]What are we when we come down to the molecular level?

[00:26:49]studies. So this is called your Reductionist Biology. reduction this It is called reductionist biology. clear Has it reached this point? Now let us understand that Who From here we will understand one thing that biology is Biology.

[00:27:17]How many branches of biology are there?

[00:27:21]In? Divided into two.

[00:27:23]How many branches? Two branches.

[00:27:30]We'll start from scratch and We will move forward slowly. And I to you I am going to teach both Zoo Botany.

[00:27:37]So zoology Everyone knows that animal studies are involved in this.

[00:27:42]We do. There is no need to write it down. And Which is the second branch? Botany.

[00:27:48]And we give botany another name Friend. This is what we call phytology.

[00:27:54]What does phyto mean? plants only and logy means study of, i.e. The study of trees and plants was done. So we make this Let's call it phytology. just like We call biology life science. Correct Isn't it?

[00:28:06]So in this we will understand that zoology It is zoology. Who is the father of zoology?

[00:28:13]It is said? Said only to Aristotle sir goes. Whom will you remember? to Aristotle It is said so. and who is the father of botany, Who is called the father of botany?

[00:28:26]It is called Theophrastus Sahib.

[00:28:29]Theophrastus is called. Now look like You have some topics. Ok? He is in both It is common in botany etc. Isn't it? Zoology in Botany. So we will also study such topics. We We will take everything together. Just what you have first I will teach cells. donation after that like According to your syllabus Will go. So Aristotle Now why is Aristotle called Father?

[00:28:50]Because you will see that they have 500 species.

[00:28:53]I had studied. So only describe He describes About 500 species.

[00:29:07]About 500 species.

[00:29:11]Ok? How many? 500 Species of Animals.

[00:29:16]500 species of animals were there studied and described and this description which He had done a book called The Historia.

[00:29:29]Animalia The Historia Animalia or Animalia Melium the Historia Animalium The Historia Animalium is a book They published it, is it okay? to book He told me what is in it.

[00:29:52]Correct? And it has 500 species.

[00:29:54]About The Historia Animalium or Animalia you will say. And they did it in What did you see that is? It includes animal What did you see? So like anatomy He talked. anatomy that is internal There is structure. other than that, like He talked about embryology.

[00:30:13]Embryology Okay, so we also talked about physiology that How does body physiology work?

[00:30:20]Etcetera is sab pe study ki maine During PhD, there are two-three species If plants were taken then their condition is bad I often think about that Back when technology wasn't very advanced What did he study so much in those days?

[00:30:34]how big a deal it was What did Theopres also do?

[00:30:39]What did they do to the plant?

[00:30:42]Described the species. only describe about about 500 species Species of the Plants.

[00:31:00]In His Book What was the name of his book? The Historia.

[00:31:07]The Historia.

[00:31:09]The Historia.

[00:31:12]Plantem The Historia Plantem The Historia Plantem These also have their morphology It's anatomy, isn't it? What did you do with it?

[00:31:28]He also studied its anatomy.

[00:31:30]Told about the anatomy of plants too Yes brother, it must be a structure inside too.

[00:31:35]Apart from that, they planted Morphology Morphology Physiology Told about all this. Ok? Memory Please keep in mind the physiology i.e. how the work is done.

[00:31:49]All these organs work. So this way It has two branches. Balance All the branches are made from this.

[00:31:59]Are. Ok? Remember this thing. So this was it that Historia Animalium. and his book What was the name of? Historia Plantarum.

[00:32:10]Plantem okay so every single thing that's alive okay where does it come from and what is its For this we have to understand our topic It will remain, we will first read the cell, the cell We will discuss it thoroughly later.

[00:32:29]If you keep reading the rest, then Let us learn about cells.

[00:32:35]Cell means the cell which is there and the cell cell. We are going to study about the cell There are complete details.

[00:32:54]So look, wherever the word 'sale' comes, there will be a The word will come cyto.

[00:32:59]Cyto itself means cell. Cyto's What does it even mean? Cell.

[00:33:06]And the study of it, the study of it, Keep reading at a very relaxed pace and Take notes from anyone, anywhere You. Okay, right? And you will see that I try my best I will do it comfortably with a simple I will continue teaching in language. his What is that study called?

[00:33:23]Cytology.

[00:33:26]Cytology.

[00:33:27]Okay, right? cytology cell biology you these can say because the entire if and Structure etc. in detail then functioning If we talk about everyone then many times whatever is Look, cytology is there, many times what do we It is classified as cell biology.

[00:33:40]When and when we study at the molecular level We do. Ok? So cell biology.

[00:33:46]Ok? Now the cell which is the cell, discovered it.

[00:33:50]Who did it? So now let's see what the brother is.

[00:33:52]Thing? So Sale Discovered By Cell Discovered By Robert Hook.

[00:34:04]The cell was discovered by Robert Hook Sahib did it. This is about 1665.

[00:34:11]Now the first cell he saw Robert Hooke Sir.

[00:34:17]Who? By Robert Hooke. The cell first Who saw what was seen? Sir Robert Hooke Saw it.

[00:34:24]But what he described was Remember what you did where. So Which cell did he see? He is one Spanish There is an oak tree.

[00:34:39]Spanish Oak There is an oak plant.

[00:34:52]I saw this and its bark Do you understand that the bark has cork cells?

[00:34:58]have seen them And remember the core cells, which Bark is a core cell, what are they like?

[00:35:06]Dead cells are what kind of cells are dead?

[00:35:09]Cell Dead cells are dead cells If it comes to who sold the cell Discovered firstly the robot hook You will say that if I talk here Ah, which is what cell did you find? Dead Key Living so you will tell that discovered dead cells.

[00:35:25]Ok? So, in which one did you see it? Oak Plant Seen in. At Oak Plant, he Look and see what are these made of?

[00:35:33]He studied the cells with the help of With the Help Off Self-made, that is, he made it himself.

[00:35:47]Self-made compound microscope Its capacity was of microscope type There was not much view from the microscope The Help of Self Made Microscope Bhai Aaj It is such a time that you can buy it from Amazon.

[00:35:58]Anything from there or from Flipkart sitting at home You can order it. It was not like this earlier. Second It was not easy to make such a thing. So that From the study he did in his time, he saw So what do they see that they see it like this Just like a bee does not have a hive.

[00:36:14]They have some such type of vision.

[00:36:16]It came like a beehive type thing.

[00:36:19]Is. So what did they call it?

[00:36:22]I understand. So now what they saw They only saw what they saw from outside.

[00:36:27]The structure that was there. Ok? like this type If you are seeing this then you know this cell wall No. What did you find out? Cell wall. cell Wall. In Hindi it is called cell Wall. I saw this and it looked like this I came because it is from outside and what a view Are you coming? Like a honeycomb. how are you looking Is? If you look at this, it looks like a honeycomb.

[00:36:49]Like. Like honeycomb. Honeycomb Like honeycomb. Correct? Cell wall.

[00:37:00]Ok? And these things inside the middle When it was made, they gave it a name.

[00:37:05]Cell. What does cell actually mean?

[00:37:08]This is a cell like a small room. So They gave it the name that it is Cellula or whatever you call it, cell name Gave. Named the cell. So from here it is It was named cell. So now the question from here It will be asked, who gave the cell name brother? So Robert Hooke discovered the cell Name Given Give the Cell Name Give the Give the Sale or Given The Term Sorry, they named it The Cell.

[00:37:47]And he published a book in which he wrote this He said something like this and the name of the book was Mycographia Okay, so what they said about it I told you, remember in which it was published?

[00:37:58]I had done a book, it was his book Micrographia So what was the name of his book?

[00:38:05]micrographia was So he had a book called Micrographia.

[00:38:10]was written and what it contains is about Told and since then it was named Cell to Cell Whatever came from here, I understand the sale Now look at the cell that is Cell is called the fundamental unit of life.

[00:38:26]Is. That's fine. Right now we understand Why is it said so? Now Living Cell But when it comes to living cells, To whom does the credit go? so one There used to be a scientist whose name was Anton Vaughan Leeuwenhoek.

[00:38:50]Leuven Hoek Okay, right? Leuven Hok There is a scientist. It is about 1674, Antenna One Lauren Houck's study on living That now the controversy in this says something If you say something to someone, then someone The study they did says something.

[00:39:14]that he also looked at bacterial cells He studied bacterial cells.

[00:39:20]He did Green Alga on WBC.

[00:39:26]What do we call singular, Elga?

[00:39:28]Especially what is said in this He studied Spirogyra.

[00:39:33]He looked at spermatozoa.

[00:39:37]Spermatozoa. Spermatozoa means sperm Cell. Sperm. Ok? He paid Rs.

[00:39:44]I studied. So now all these sales are Is living. So you can say any of these Like spirogyra which happens like. These You will read about this further. whom we It is also called pond silk. green coloured This is algae and what do we call it?

[00:40:00]Also known as aquatic silk or water silk Also know. Well, let's go, whatever they have If you study this, then remember that all these What it was was a living cell. So it is said that living cell living cell discovered by Antam Lievenhoek Discovered Bye.

[00:40:22]Ok? So who created the living cell?

[00:40:25]Did you describe it? Antenemone Longhawk Sir It was done by. And now Mr. Leeuwenhoek may have Have studied bacteria. So look at what Remember one thing from here that The study of bacteria study of Bacteria.

[00:40:46]We call it bacteriology.

[00:40:49]You will read further. I just want to tell you this I am being that He is not called the father of bacteriology.

[00:40:55]He is called the father of Microbiology.

[00:40:59]He is called the father of Micro Biology.

[00:41:06]He is called the Father of Microbiology.

[00:41:08]Not called the Father of Bacteriology.

[00:41:10]Because more studies have been done on bacteria Who did that? So remember this I had studied and heard the name of Mr. Louis Pasteur.

[00:41:18]will be. So Louis Pasteur was called Is. Okay, right? So the Luce Pasteur was Luce Pachar Sahib is called the father of Bacteriology who developed pasteurization I gave him milk etc., which Louis does.

[00:41:30]Pasteur, you should especially remember this thing.

[00:41:33]You may get a question like this again and again It will seem like bacteria etc. He had discovered it, so I noted this and wrote it down.

[00:41:39]I am giving it because it might be a silly mistake.

[00:41:41]Who can tell you about Louis Pasteur?

[00:41:45]The matter has become clear till here, okay so their The book that was there is in his micrograph.

[00:41:51]What was told was about living cells.

[00:41:53]What is there in it was told.

[00:41:55]Ok? Now let's talk about that later.

[00:41:59]Then came a scientist whose name was Sliden.

[00:42:05]Sliden Full name was Mathia Sliden. Okay, right?

[00:42:10]Her full name was Mathia Sliden.

[00:42:14]Mathia Sliden.

[00:42:17]What if we look at who Mathis Sliden was?

[00:42:21]Were? German He was a German botanist.

[00:42:27]was a German botanist and this is 1800 okay It was in 1938.

[00:42:36]Ok?

[00:42:45]So they have done sale after sale.

[00:42:47]About cells in structures and so on told.

[00:42:51]Isn't it? Told about the cell that brother who Is Plants are made up of cells etc. Are made. Ok? The plants which are Ok? that they are made up of cells Are. Made up of sales and not made by the Sale or you can say made up like this Off the cell.

[00:43:17]This is how we are Both audio and video are clear, right?

[00:43:29]Let go Hmm So let's write. So he said that when the tree When the plants studied, they What did you say about all the plants?

[00:44:14]R Made Up Of Sales End Forms The Different Kind of tissues Kind of tissues Ye Kaha He said this, different kind of tissues ok yes what is different kind of make tissues okay a that is The different cells that will be Different tissues will form different in place as in the root are different in the stem It is different in this way, this is how he said it Okay, now here comes another scientist.

[00:44:58]The other scientist was named Theodore Swan Thodoresan This is 1839 When did this happen? Of 1839.

[00:45:19]1839 That this is the matter and what it was, you will see.

[00:45:24]It is written in the NCERT This is not a British scientist, but this is Remember this is a correction, he was the German.

[00:45:34]he was also the German scientist so this What was the German, he was from Zoology What was a zoologist? He was a zoologist, remember?

[00:45:43]Keep a zoologist What were the Germans like? Was a zoologist. Now these Which is a lot of study. So these What's first? Remember that it was said that Which are animals, animal cells Animal means what did you see? of the animal cell He discovered the cell membrane. told He created the membrane which we know today.

[00:46:11]It is called plasma membrane.

[00:46:14]plasma membrane, which they have Told that this is the outer boundary It is in the animal cell. He studied this of.

[00:46:25]What you saw of the cell wall, right? that age a Dead cells have that cell wall These remain especially in plant cells.

[00:46:33]Now it is not that Dead Cell is only in these it occurs. If we talk about animals, then suppose Like if we talk about humans, then our The hair that remains are dead cells.

[00:46:39]Dead nails that stick out There are sales. Our body has many Dead cells are generated. animal blood And horns are also dead cells.

[00:46:46]It is a creatinine protein. well then These are the animal cells.

[00:46:52]Told about the membrane that brother, its What is it about? He has studied No? So I discovered it. look after that Remember one point, he himself Remember what you did from here.

[00:47:07]They saw that there were two layers, so it was like There is another layer and this is the plant cell.

[00:47:13]He observed that such a structure There is a boundary inside and outside the plant cell Which means about animal cell It is different from. In this way, they observed and saw that there is such a structure In which ah, there is something different. So they have a Cell means cell membrane so this cell membrane and this one that was on the outside Explained about the cell wall. So now on to this The question arises as to who created the cell wall?

[00:47:43]Whatever I told you about the cell wall.

[00:47:45]Who discovered it? So actually he I saw the boundary but did not tell about the cell wall.

[00:47:50]Who was Robot Hook sir. So remember that He told that these are two layers.

[00:47:54]There is a cell wall. cell wall and this is what There is a cell membrane. cell membrane it occurs. So remember one thing from here that The cell wall is formed through these.

[00:48:06]He told whatever he knew about them. So What did you do that I am writing it here.

[00:48:15]He observes that observe that The Observe That Plant Cell Cell or plant cells have two layer Two layers, so he told that the inner layer Is Inner Layer That's the cell membrane.

[00:48:48]Can also be called plasma membrane. and which The outer layer is the outer layer What is the outer layer? There is a cell wall.

[00:48:59]What is the outer layer? There is a cell wall.

[00:49:04]What is the outer layer? So remember this. So He told that the outer layer is the cell There is a wall. What is? Cell Wall This is a cell wall, you should look at it and write it down.

[00:49:17]Cell Wall It might be a little secret, I am putting it here.

[00:49:22]Yes, this is okay one minute what is that cell wall yes this up I think I am not able to go Understand what that cell wall is, so if Let us talk about cell wall, brother cell wall If you ask who discovered it, you will tell the geologist Will come. We feel like yes brother, I mean Who was the botanist?

[00:49:48]Sliden was Mr. But the place is what it is Was a zoologist. But they will see one He told this thing and the second thing he said was this Told. Then later he presented a hypothesis Fort.

[00:50:00]Hypothesis. Now what does hypothesis mean?

[00:50:03]It happens? Hypothesis means that Make up your own opinion. Meaning of Hypothesis What happens? Make up your own mind, brother.

[00:50:11]I feel like that. Okay, right?

[00:50:14]That is called hypothesis. Now When you prove the hypothesis.

[00:50:21]When you prove the hypothesis.

[00:50:24]Okay, right? Then whatever it is becomes a theory.

[00:50:26]She goes. So you will see and understand further. Ahead Will understand.

[00:50:33]Wet Please understand further.

[00:50:39]Now what is the third point he gave?

[00:50:42]Okay, right? What was the third point given?

[00:50:43]See, here I am telling you point by point.

[00:50:44]I know that they did the work. Isn't it?

[00:50:47]Thirdly, what is that the Honorable Sir has given the place The Hypothesis He postulated what is now Gave the hypothesis. So he said that the Is A Which are organisms. Organisms are made up of Made Up Of Sales End product of sales or their product or You can say sales and product of sales.

[00:51:34]Products of Sale.

[00:51:37]It can be made of it. product off sale Like what could happen? For An example could be hormones.

[00:51:45]Ok? Could be hormones. chemically Are. If this is also seen then enzymes can be Are.

[00:51:50]Isn't it? All this can happen in it.

[00:51:54]Is it clear? This is just a hypothesis Gave.

[00:51:58]Now from here both of them together took the place This slide and space Sliding and Stain Sliden and Suhan Sahib both played Sohan Together they gave a theory which was named Cell theory is given Cell Theory He gave the cell theory and in the cell theory It is said that the one who Organisms are made up of what?

[00:52:31]and the cell theory states that What is it called in the cell theory that the organisms are organisms whether they There are animals Or whether it is plants, elements, animals End Plants R Made Up Of or made by the or made up of sales and Product of Sales He accepted this hypothesis And thus said product of sale. But It had a drawer. its ok here it goes But what happened to it? There was a drawback.

[00:53:18]What is its one drawback? The drawback was that that it could not tell where the cell came from Are made. So remember that De Kant Explain They Can't Explain How The Sales Arise Sales Arise Cell Arise Okay, I couldn't tell you this, okay, so remember?

[00:53:48]Keep it, then after this Rudolf will come Rudolf, this is Drabek, remember that If you can't tell me then who will come?

[00:53:58]Rudolf Wich Whatever Dol Bicho Saheb had, he has it now.

[00:54:05]What did he give? Modern Cell Theory Remember what he gave you, friend.

[00:54:09]Gave Modern Cell Theory with the Modern Cell Theory Modern Cell Theory Whatever they have contributed, And then they took the modern cell The theory was how the modern cell came to be The theory was called Omnis Omni Cellula Eucellula He named it Omnilula e Cellula and This is what it means in English He explained how the sale arises.

[00:54:49]If the cell arises from Cell arises from Pre-existing cells Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

[00:55:02]That is, what is already There are sales. Ok? Cells Arise From Pre-existing sales. That is, what already Present sales are existing sales Other cells are formed by combining them.

[00:55:15]It is made by the sale division. Ok? So now How is this? Yes. Now how is this? Ok? These Theory I by the cell division. Buy the Sale Divis. So you can tell me what this is In a proper manner and accept it as it is to be done. Yes. There is one thing in it that Two things came out of this. So this is now You will see that this is the one that came out. Ok?

[00:55:36]So this is one, we can call it the second point.

[00:55:39]Are. And this thing was also accepted that yes, This made two points. Okay, right? Joe Modern Cell theory came. In Modern Cell Theory.

[00:55:46]Ok? In modern cell theory, these two Things were considered that brother what? One is that Their organisms also accepted this thing.

[00:55:54]Went. It's not like that. Organisms are made up of Sales and Product of the Sales or Their Product Sale Product of the Sales. And The second point is placed in this what we just wrote here Modern cell theory came collectively that Cells arise from these Cells arise from the Pre-existing Cell Pre-existing This thing about sale was told. Ok? So remember Please keep it. So this was just the modern cell theory which It was given by Rudolf Birchau. who gave Was? By Rudolf Birchau. Clear thing here By 1850, Rudolf Birchau had given the modern cell Theory.

[00:56:47]Okay, right? Modern Cell Theory.

[00:56:50]So this was it. Now see how we are doing in today's You see a little bit of that Let's look at some revisions.

[00:57:02]That you will see us who will see NCERT What does NCERT say?

[00:57:08]Is. So we will revise NCERT and After this I will do MCQs again. As much Even if we read two lines, we will read one But what is it during the day, they will be such that A question related to it can be made from anywhere.

[00:57:19]We have to keep studying in every way. So Let us understand. Ok?

[00:57:27]So you see, cell is the unit of life, right?

[00:57:32]When you look around you see both living and Non-living things around you when you If you look at it, you will see both living and non-living things.

[00:57:40]Look at all kinds of things. you must have Wondered and Ask Yourself What Is That Make an Organism Living. So your mind The thought comes to your mind that Brother, what is there in the living that has been created?

[00:57:54]Did you feel like that? Because look here It was said that the theory of the cell or the theory of the cell It was told about which cell the brother is Whatever is there in a way, it comes together to form what is This is what Robert Hook said. So He named it in such a way that it compartments as I see them Just like suppose there is a brick.

[00:58:15]You will proceed as if someone There is a brick. What does a brick consist of?

[00:58:21]It becomes like a complete house. So, like this brick Is. Ok? This is a wolf. Ok? These It is old. Now in the same way from these units You can call them blocks. So What do these blocks consist of? Complete A house may be constructed. What is the whole thing?

[00:58:36]Home designing may be possible. together with this What is ours? The entire house can be built.

[00:58:46]We can build a whole house using this.

[00:58:49]Ok? Whether you have a small hut or a large one Having a house does not mean it should not be made of mud. like bricks A compartment is formed by combining these. Similarly Which are multicellular organisms.

[00:58:58]What is that in itself?

[00:59:01]There are whole living beings. So if I say that See if anyone is living here first.

[00:59:06]But understand one thing. Here I go over there I'll tell you on the next page. Now we him If we read it, we can say from here that A Complete Sale complete sale What could that be? Complete Cell One It could be living.

[00:59:24]Complete sale is a category of living It comes in.

[00:59:30]Just note down and write down that a complete from the cell What is it?

[00:59:38]Not a complete sale. Remember one thing, not A complete sale.

[00:59:43]Not a complete sale But Can Show Life Ya Can't Show Life Life Independently Independently, there is one thing to remember that the What is it that living independently It May or May Not Be a Complete Sale But Can't So life independently then partially Living is talked about, meaning in this From here we can say what is ours It is possible that they could be such viruses.

[01:00:23]Who can be a virus and not a complete cell?

[01:00:25]And remember that viruses do not follow the Cell Theory Viruses Don't Follow the Cell Theory Remember, don't follow the A-Sell theory.

[01:00:37]Viruses that do not follow the cell theory They do not follow the cell theory.

[01:00:42]So everything is fine now, complete details to the sale I will see that in today's session we will Let us remain as we are now Those who are going to read here will see We were reading this, so let's recall it.

[01:00:55]Let's do it and then complete the session.

[01:00:56]This is how our sessions will continue.

[01:00:59]There are. Ok? If we look here we will Was studying. So what is it that makes this creating what makes organisms living Is. and what is that an inanimate thing Innate things do not have which a living Thing has. Meaning of animate and animate inanimate You must be understanding. You must have read it in your childhood.

[01:01:22]Inanimate means one who has no movement.

[01:01:24]yes. And animate means that which can move.

[01:01:26]That means we talk specifically about living in this.

[01:01:28]Are. The Answer Is This: The Presence of the Basic The unit of life that is the cell is all living in all Living Organisms. So remember this thing That this thing was told here. clear? Now All organisms are composed of cells. All What are living beings made of? of the cell Are made. Some are composed of a single Cell and are called the unicellular Organism. So there will be some who are single They are made up of cells which we call prokaryotes.

[01:01:58]and some eukaryotes as well Come into that. So, in total, in which There will be a cell, what will it be called?

[01:02:04]They are called unicellular organisms. while Others like us are multicellular Are. If we look at our body, There are trillions of sales. Isn't it? And Which is more than 200 types of cells than 200 even more types of cells that are human are found in the body. If I were here Let me talk about how many types of humans there are.

[01:02:23]Where are cells found? So if we consider human If you talk, remember that even 200 means more than 200 More than more than 200 Different types of sales are present and There are trillions of them in our body.

[01:02:40]Isn't it? Different Types of Sales Type of Sales Are Present. Sales R Present. Remember what is in our body There are more than 200 types of cells are present. You understand, right? See Please continue reading with seriousness and ease.

[01:02:56]Ok? You will do it well. any big It doesn't matter. You can do it very well Are.

[01:03:04]Ok? that'll be. So, some are composed of a Single cells are called unicellular Organism. While Others Like Us Compose Of Many cells are called the multicellular Organism. That means what is there in them? many Whether cells are installed and what is the group of cells What is it called? Tissue. Ok? By the way. Now Watch What Is a Sale? What is a cell?

[01:03:23]Unicellular organisms are capable of Independent existence. So what It is unicellular brother, it is complete in itself.

[01:03:31]A cell is considered a complete organism. So What they have is independent existence.

[01:03:36]will be. Ok? Can live alone, Can live independently. Completed work Can do it on his own because he is single It is sold. and performing the Essentials Function of Life. and whatever life requires There are functions for them, they can do them.

[01:03:49]Anything less than a complete look here I wrote Anything Less Than a Complete Structure of a sale does not insure Independent Living. So independent Living is not possible. Okay, right?

[01:04:03]There will have to be dependency on someone or the other.

[01:04:07]Okay, right? So 1 minute yes here on my I wrote the sentence as per my thought.

[01:04:14]Has given. Wait for a while here's what it is How does it depend on what we wrote? don't follow the Yes, I can't show you life independently. So This is what happens whenever we do a live show, that is, we From here we can say that if this virus If I talk about viruses, So when can they show life like that?

[01:04:36]one minute from They can show life only when someone There will be dependency. There are dependents On someone else. Ok? So remember this, You will be dependent on someone else. So We cannot show what is there independently To life. That is, whatever is there is dependent Who is this on? So remember, you are dependent Who are these on? Depends on someone or something Whoever's body it will go into. That means these What do you want? A host will be needed. Ok? So These are dependent.

[01:05:08]Dependent on others. That is, the host is It will be needed for these. Okay, right? so this is Whatever the matter is, it has been said in this. As, you Can see this. Do you understand? Let go.

[01:05:22]So this is ours.

[01:05:30]Ok So Hans' cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living Organism. Because everything that It is a structure and will come only on the basis of the cell.

[01:05:43]of the organism. whether it's a tissue or Be it Ah Organ, Organ, whatever.

[01:05:48]Robert Brown Letter Discovered Nucleus. So, look, we have read till here.

[01:05:53]So when did this happen? It was in 1831. 1831 If I talk about it, in 1831 Who has been discovered and Now we will also know how the nucleus was discovered.

[01:06:08]Understand how it was discovered Look When 1831 Let us understand this in 1831.

[01:06:20]In In 1831, Robert Brown Robert Brown discovered the nucleus.

[01:06:31]Discovered the nucleus.

[01:06:35]Ok? nucleus like this is a cell so the cell Discovered the nucleus inside. This is what we It is called the nucleus, which contains DNA and so on.

[01:06:40]remains. And in 1831, with whose help Searched? So remember what was made during that time.

[01:06:46]What is that? Electron microscope.

[01:06:49]So when the electron microscope came, it What makes things so much worse Can magnify.

[01:06:57]Can Magnify Can Magnify the Things Manifold Manifold means what is too much Multi-means can magnify. 300 More than times, which is increased thousands of times Can demonstrate it. And this was the scientist The person who discovered it was named Noll and Raska. Remember this, which Discovered by Knoll and Russaka. Nol and Raska Sahib did it. Now The electron microscope also has You will see there are three types. basically like So there are two, but I can get all three written.

[01:07:38]I have been. electron electron microscope electron microscope If we talk about its type If we talk about type, you will see that there would be one Yes, our beans are one.

[01:07:55]Our 10 And there is one R10 is it okay?

[01:08:05]We are either let it be type, look at that Transmission This is reflected transmission.

[01:08:10]electron microscope so this is our two There are. One is a bean and the other is It is tamed.

[01:08:16]This is scanning electrons Microscope.

[01:08:20]Scanning electron Microscope.

[01:08:29]And this one happens to be our transmission sorry Transmission Transmission electron microscope.

[01:08:37]electron microscope it's what it is it tells that what it tells What is the surface like? What does it do? Study Off the surface of an object. Surface of an Object. tells about the surface What is the structure like and how does it look from outside?

[01:09:00]And this is what internal study studies.

[01:09:03]It also tells the size etc. internal Internal study of the object can you Off the object or off an object saying take or off the object and especially which Discovered cell organelles means that in this This one played a role and that one played a bigger role.

[01:09:27]for example Study of the cell organelles Study of the cell organelles.

[01:09:40]Ok? In its study, it has a big It's rolling. Ok? So these points too Write it down. Sometimes electron microscope Questions also arise on this because The resolution is also very good.

[01:09:50]In this. Ok? So look at us here People read it.

[01:09:55]We So now if it is like this brother, there is dependency But it is smaller than the cell, so we can say Otherwise, something should happen independently.

[01:10:07]Can't do it without a cell. So Hans Sell Yes, I will read this. Hen's cell is the Fundamental Structural and Functional Unit Of Light of All Living Organisms. Antony See Anton Van or Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek You can also say Antony. First Show The Describe a Life Cell. So the living cell He told the Robert Brown Letter Discovered the nucleus in 1831 Invention of the Microscope and Its Improvements Leading to the Electron Microscope Revealed All the Structural Detail of the sale. So you'll see most of the rest.

[01:10:45]Which is cell organelles and so on, right? This which More were discovered after 1831 Are. Okay, right? So much advancement before that Was not there. Now comes the cell theory, which We have already read it. So about that You will understand that in 1838 Matthias Sliden German Botanists Examine a Large Number of Plants and Observe That All Plants Are Composed of different kinds of cells which Form the tissue of the plant.

[01:11:14]At About the Same Time by Theodore Schottenheimer in 1839 This is written by a German zoologist. Correct Is? So what were these? German zoologist.

[01:11:24]And who were these? He was a German botanist. Ok?

[01:11:28]Study different types of animal cells and Reported that cell had a thin outer layer which is known which is today known as the Plasma membrane. This is what I wrote I told you. It was exactly the same thing. From this You will get a little satisfaction.

[01:11:43]That yes, we are also studying NCERT. only also concluded based on the study on Plant Tissues That Have the Presence of Cell Walls Is a unique character of the plant cell. These He told me the thing. Look at this zoologist Were.

[01:11:58]Who was San Saheb? Was a zoologist.

[01:12:01]But they told the cell wall, so in this Confusion arises. mess up here Can. Please take care. On the basis of this I proposed the hypothesis. Now these Is there a hypothesis that the bodies of the Animals and plants are composed of cells and Product of Sales. By writing this we We explained and read it. Ok?

[01:12:22]Now watch Sliden and Span Together Formulated the cell theory. this theory however did not explain as to how new Sales Were Formed. They did not say this how a cell arises, how it is formed Are. This was one of their drawbacks. Rudolf Wich Rudolf Virchow 1855 First Explain That Sales Divided and New sales are formed from pre existing cells and it was called Omni Cellula acellula He modified the hypothesis of Sliden and Swan to Give the Cell Theory a Final Shape Cell Theory as Understood Today Is See, all living organisms are composed of Sales and Product of Sales All Sales Arise from pre-eminent sales. This one I told you that in today's times The modern cell theory that has come is based on these two and I have given you both these lines.

[01:13:15]I had told you in writing. Okay, right? So you have to do this It will be recalled in some way. Now let's go from here The question is, this question came in 2003.

[01:13:22]Is. Ok? Will look at the question. Answer We will see if ours can be the correct answer.

[01:13:27]Is. The Sales Discovered in the Thin Section of Cork of Cork.

[01:13:36]Robert Hooke was actually Did he see it? Who discovered it?

[01:13:41]He had seen the cell wall, he had seen the cellulose.

[01:13:43]had seen protoplasm or nuclei Or what did you see? Nuclei? So See here which is your correct answer.

[01:13:51]Should they see the cell wall?

[01:13:53]Was. Okay, right? Cell wall is the cell wall The boundary that appeared was a honeycomb.

[01:13:58]Whatever they think is outside the boundary What appeared to be a cell wall was Because only the cell wall remains in the dead cell.

[01:14:05]It is a different matter that something exists and nothing remains.

[01:14:07]Plant cells are made of cellulose.

[01:14:09]Is. Fungus is made of chitin.

[01:14:12]Made of bacterial peptidoglycan it occurs. Isn't it? Urine complex which This is what happens. Let's move ahead. The Concept of Omnis Cellula or Cellula Regarding Sale Divis was first proposed Bye, this question has come in 2019. You See who gave it to you? Rudol Birch did. What did Suhan give? then sliding did. What is the donation? Aristotle did. So you will see In barely 10 seconds you are 15 You will solve that question in seconds. reading It will take whatever time it takes. Ok? So Remember who? Omnicellulose with cellula Who gave it to me?

[01:14:44]Rudolf Bicho said in 1974 that 1971 It is written. Ok? Now look at this what is next? Which of the following features is Common to prokaryotes and many Eukaryotes?

[01:14:58]Chromatin material present than cell wall present then nuclear membrane What is present given? membrane bound Subcellular organelles present. what is that which is present in prokaryotes and many Both have common features in eukaryotes.

[01:15:17]Chromatin material present or given Cell wall present than what nuclear Membrane present. Now look brother, when chromatin material, which is specifically What is? Like there is a cell inside the cell which There is a nucleus in it which is like a thread.

[01:15:30]Is. It is called chromatin because In the form of chromosomes, we get DNA then It will be visible when cell division takes place. So this It is not necessary because it is free.

[01:15:37]It remains like this, isn't it, and one more Plasmit resides in bacterial cells etc. in the nuclear membrane when the nucleus If it is not there then there is no nuclear membrane either.

[01:15:44]It will be membrane bound subcellular organelles are not present We will talk further because whatever cellular Organelles are inside the cell of prokaryotes I will not find those at all who Mitochondria will be membrane bound There is the nucleus, the Golgi body, etc. There will be nothing like this, lysosomes or anything else.

[01:16:01]Ribosomes can be found in the 70s type because the ribosome is non membranous and is the smallest It is also a cellular organelle. Ok? So remember Keep in mind that the cell wall is found in both.

[01:16:12]can be done because in prokaryotes the cell There is a wall. bacteria and so on Not found in mycoplasma. In the rest of the It happens and remember that in animals These are also present in fungi in eukaryotes in fungi It also occurs in animals and plants.

[01:16:26]So your correct answer will go to two Will go. The next question is cell theory age Understood Today Describes that which is on sale today There is a theory as to how she can describe it.

[01:16:37]Dekhiega All Living Organisms Are Composed of cells and their products, this thing That's absolutely correct, tell me how you gave the correct answer.

[01:16:44]will be The second one is that all cells arise.

[01:16:49]From pre-existing cells, perfect It's all about plants and plants and animals Passes Exactly Same Type of Sale Is the cellular component not exact, brother?

[01:17:00]Would. The structure of the plant cell will be different. Correct Is? And that of animal cells will be different. Although Both are eukaryotes. Alldo Diez R Eukaryotes But They Don't Have the Similar Type of shape and mean components. So this one which Yes, it is wrong. But you will see that both of them are correct.

[01:17:19]So the correct answer will be more than One Option R Correct. Okay, right? R Correct. So this Whatever we have is right. Ok? Now Next Vi of the following is incorrect for Rudolf Sell ​​it. What about Rudolf Bich?

[01:17:40]Is it incorrect? Please read it carefully. negative I have asked. So he gave the statement omni Cellula a cellula. So look at this Correct. He created Omni Cellula Acellula which Yes, I had given a statement. Cell arises from Pay Existing Sales. So only modified the Hypothesis of Sliden and Swann to Give Cell Theory a Final shape.

[01:18:03]According to him all sails arise from Pre-existing cells only modify the cell Theory But This Theory Didn't Explain How New sales are formed. So just look at modified the hypothesis of the sliding and Swan and to give the cell theory final shape.

[01:18:18]Yes omni cellular. So this option also Yours is fine. Then according to him all Sales arise from pre-existing Cell. So this is also fine. He modified the cell Theory. So far so good. and this theory Didn't explain how new cells are formed?

[01:18:35]Or Var Form. So this thing is wrong.

[01:18:37]He was the one who told me. It is he who Told how a cell arises. Whereas Could not tell the slide and location. This is what It is incorrect, this will happen to you.

[01:18:47]So this is your correct answer. Ok? so thank you You follow me on Telegram for more information.

[01:18:54]You will keep getting information about when the class is and what it is.

[01:18:56]On Instagram as Dr. Sajid Ali Doctor Sajid Ali Science name you You can send messages etc. on Facebook page There is also a doctor named Sadi Ali, thank you.

[01:19:04]If you enjoyed the class and By getting notes from anyone, anywhere Take a look and I will tell you in simple language I will keep telling people because my main The aim is to get you selected. Similarly Our sessions will be of. Now from here onwards step by step in exact sequence Let's go in which we will read in this way.

[01:19:22]We will also take NCERT into consideration. Together Then line wise line then which is questions We will continue doing this also. More videos Please share more so that I can know what I have Get motivation because this is for you people Taking it to the very end in such a session I will keep coming. That's it for now, Jai Hind.