Structure and Bonding ( EM ) - Day 01

[00:00:00]Right.

[00:00:11]I want good afternoon. Uh right just live just let me know whether you can hear me properly. M clearly I know right you can hear me properly right [clears throat] fine right listen to me so from today onwards we are going to I mean commence a new lesson right this is going to be a new project and I'll be doing this for next 3 months July, August, September 3 months will be there right and three months will be consumed so that we can finish the lesson may if I briefly explain you about what we did and so right for last four months March, April, May and June for last four months we conducted uh first lesson which is called atomic structure atomic structure lesson Right structure and bonding July, August, September once first two lessons are completed right unit one, unit two lessons, it gives the foundation to organ Organic and inorganic chemistry. Okay. So we have three lessons as the basis the foundation of the subject right which is called general chemistry which gives you the general knowledge regarding chemistry so that you can get enrolled with the university degrees and all programming right based on this general chemistry platform we have three deep subject areas to be covered Right?

[00:02:25]Set to be organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry and physical chemistry.

[00:02:31]Right? Physical chemistry will be based on unit 3 where organic and inorganic chemistry may based on unit one and two. So unit one and two would lay the foundation to development of inorganic and organic.

[00:02:47]Unit three will develop the foundation for physical chemistry. So it's a different I mean isolated distinct kind of area of study right either they can do unit one two and then they can move on to inorganic and organic. Inorganic means unit number six organic means unit number 7 8 9 and 10.

[00:03:15]Physical chemistry has two stages right?

[00:03:19]Physical chemistry first phase unit 3 and four unit four and five right the second phase is unit 11 12 and 13 right once everything been completed then comes the final part 14th unit where we learn how these chemistry concepts are being used to run businesses I mean how chemical industries are being Chemical material conditions and environmental chemistry concepts.

[00:04:11]The basic concepts of industrial and environmental chemistry will be discussed here. So this is a combination of all these inorganic, organic and physical chemistry. [bell] This inorganic, organic and physical may be build will build up based on this general chemistry platform.

[00:04:30]Now we are going to commence the second lesson where we are at the moment.

[00:04:36]Right? So I I'll briefly explain you how my process is going and on right.

[00:04:44]ing lesson.

[00:04:50]So they are ready with it. We did pass paper questions for last 25 years. We did all the term test papers. We did exercises selected from books and everything right. It was a comprehensive study. We completed our workbook, past paper book and t. So we are done with it now for all of you guys.

[00:05:15]The first lesson can be covered as a course.

[00:05:33]It expires on I mean it it it exist it stays active for 100 days within that 100 days you can finish off second you don't miss anything you can cover up everything without any harm right so through our through our website eksy.lk LK you can do it regarding that you can call this number for any kind of an inquiry for any inquiries you can call this north750750 that's our hotline you can call it at any given time and inquire about this and get it enrolled and get the tools and do do whatever the necessary stuff right anyway I'll be moving to my project Friday 3 to 6 repeat can be watched at any convenient time starting from Sunday to Thursday 5 days repeated you know you can watch at any convenient time for the online guys I'm telling physical class and the live class will be held every Friday 3 to 6 right here Buddha uh bonding lesson will be covered within July August and September 3 months will be consumed from your time okay right now I'll be moving to the structure of second lesson right I'll I I'll tell you how second lesson is composed with right we know it's structure and bonding structure and bonding right to the here right listen to me very carefully the as the name implies it talk about structures chemicals structures of different different species. So we are going to study what is going to be the chemical structure of a covealent compounds. You have heard the word coalent compounds compounds coalent bonding electrons for coalent compounds is it right? You know uh CO2 is a coalent compound. CO2 coalent compound carbon and oxygen atoms are bound by means of coalent bonds to form the what what do you call that to form the molecule so it's a coalent compound CO2 coalent compounds but there are certain other chemical structures where constituents are positive cations and negatively charged annions those are said to be ionic compounds.

[00:08:52]Okay. So there are something called metals.

[00:09:06]Free electron right nonmoving electron removed electron.

[00:09:27]So that is said to be the metallic bond ionic compounds compounds chemical structure builds and this is very crucial crucial lesson because this lays the foundation for organic and inorganic subject areas sections you know organic and inorganic it covers around 50% of the mark nearly 45% of the mark final mark 45% organic inorganic they have direct and indirect relationships so organic structure and bonding structure bonding I'm going to do this for next 3 months right so there will be around 12 chapters.

[00:10:32]Chapters that you will get very clear note, crystal clear note for convenience of your study. for classap.

[00:11:14]So chapter one is the introduction to the lesson. Chapter two is going to be one major component where we discuss about covealent bonding. You know what coalent bonding is? Electron sharing is done right bonding chapter two discuss chapter one chapter two discuss we have a nice pack which is uh printing at the moment it will take few days when I when we receive it like next Monday Tuesday like we'll receive the dude pack. So from next Wednesday onwards we'll be putting it to the shipments right we'll be posting it for the online students and all for physical students next Friday but not from next Friday from 17th Friday onwards I'll be discussing the things by means of for today and next Friday first two class days because you don't have the okay right so I need you to take several pieces of papers so that you can write the note as a conventional class once you receive your tote right once you receive your to you have to write whatever the note been written on your running based on the Second lesson.

[00:12:53]Shall we start?

[00:12:56]Okay. Right. We'll commence. No. Right.

[00:13:03]Okay. Listen to me here. Take it very relaxedly. Don't don't push so hard.

[00:13:09]Just listen to me very carefully. go with the note that's all right here.

[00:13:17]So first of all I'm going to give you a general introduction regarding structures and bonding types of chemical bonding and stuff like that. Okay.

[00:13:26]Right. You may write the main unit which which is which will be taught for next 3 months starting from today. It's unit two the second unit of 14th unit say 14 unit syllabus and we have 14 unit syllabus. This is going to be the second one. Right. Write down the main topic.

[00:13:45]Unit two, structure and bonding.

[00:13:51]Unit two, structure and bonding. You will be getting a nice clear file with a comprehensive tote workbook and pass paper question book. Those three components will be there in your clear file when you receive it next Friday like okay.

[00:14:09]You need to structure and bonding.

[00:14:12]Structure and bonding.

[00:14:17]Right.

[00:14:19]Have our team published the marking scheme for your workbook and PPQ? Yes. Right. Good.

[00:14:29]Right. You you need to structure and bonding. Right. Under which you may put chapter one.

[00:14:38]Chapter one, the first subunit or first first little bit of I mean area of study and the second second lesson, right?

[00:14:47]Chapter one introduction.

[00:14:54]Introduction.

[00:14:58]Introduction.

[00:15:05]Chapter one. Introduction.

[00:15:16]Okay. Right. Listen to me.

[00:15:21]If someone asks you what are chemical bonds and so that is that is going to be the first question, right? What are chemical bonds? What do you mean by chemical bond? Right? Simple question, right? Put the Chemical bonds are being formed. If I tell you the requestable species, low energy, stable species, chemical bonds. Okay. I mean if I if I go with the definition, chemical bonds are been formed in order to I mean yes I if if I define it in this way and if I go with the definition right high energy unstable species will form chemical bonds to transfer itself the they into them into low energy stable chemical species.

[00:16:31]High energy chemical species they form chemical bonds so that they they they have been transferred to low energy stable chemical species. All in all in chemistry we believe unstable species are having higher energy and stable species to be having lower energy.

[00:17:04]So high energy unstable chemical species will form chemical bonds to convert themselves into low energy stable chemical component to low energy stable chemical species. Right? Right.

[00:17:22]If I go further, these chemical bonds can be classified into two main types. How many main types are there? I need loud answers, please.

[00:17:33]How many main types of chemical bonds are there? There are two main types of magic chemical bonds. Listen to me very carefully. One type is said to be primary bonds.

[00:17:45]Now you can see the word, say the word.

[00:17:46]Other type is said to be secondary bones. We have primary chemical bonds and secondary chemical bonds. Listen to me very carefully, okay?

[00:17:57]Primary chemical bonds, right? Primary chemical bonds combined whatever the constituents to form a molecule. Right? When we when we discuss about I would say when we discuss about carbon dioxide atom CO2 atom here this double bonds they binds constituents of this molecule. Carbon atoms and oxygen atoms are said to be constituents members of this molecule.

[00:18:33]Right? So these covealent double bonds simply these double bonds they bind these constituents to form the molecule.

[00:18:41]So these are said to be primary bones right these are said to be primary bonds I'm giving you the brief idea about the lesson okay right when we take a balloon which is filled with this carbon dioxide there are about millions and trillions of carbon dioxide molecules in it rightculesion dioxide dioxide dioxide in between these molecules there are moderate to weak kind of chemical attraction. ctions, okay?

[00:19:39]Billions, millions, numbers, molecules.

[00:19:43]In between these molecules, there are certain other types of chemical bonds as well.

[00:19:50]Chemical bonds, they are said to be secondary chemical bonds.

[00:19:56]Secondary chemical bonds, they are set to be secondary chemical bonds. Now, you understand what I'm saying? So, chemical bonds are two types. Primary bonds and secondary bonds. Primary bonds they binds constituents of a given molecule.

[00:20:14]Secondary bonds are being formed in between these molecules. Okay. So we have five types of secondary bonds to be studied. How many types of secondary bonds to be studied? Five types. If I say you by name, London dispersion forces, dipole induced dipole interactions, ion induced dipole interactions, dipole dipole interactions, ion dipole interactions. You don't know these names, just wait and see for 3 months. So there are five types of secondary bonds in chemistry and these are more stronger constituents more stronger. They are said to be primary bonds. Primary chemical bonds.

[00:21:01]We have three types of primary chemical bonds. Coalent bonds, ionic bonds and metallic bonds. What are the three types of primary bonds? Tell me. Coalent bonds. Talk louder please. Ionic bonds, metallic bonds. There are three types of primary bonds and five types of secondary bonds available.

[00:21:24]Right? All these bonds are formed to cater what objective requirement to convert high energy containing unstable species to what?

[00:21:40]to become low energy containing stable species. Right? Keep this thing noted pa out of subatomic particles you know there are three main types of subatomic particles. Electrons, protons and neutrons. Out of these three types of subatomic particles, it is electrons.

[00:22:04]Electrons they transfer from one position to another. Sometimes they have been shared between two or three species. Right? Electrons they involved in this bond formation process.

[00:22:19]High energy species low energy species for bonds form subatomic particles.

[00:22:27]Electrons bonds can be categorized into two major types. Primary bonds and secondary bonds. There are three subcategories of primary bonds. coalent bonds, ionic bones and metallic bones. There are five subcategories of secondary bonds.

[00:22:44]Understood? So that is the introduction.

[00:22:46]So we'll write a proper note under chapter one introduction.

[00:22:52]Coalent bonds.

[00:22:57]Okay. Right. You may continue your writing.

[00:23:07]Chemical bonds are being formed.

[00:23:12]Chemical bonds are being formed.

[00:23:21]Chemical bonds are being formed by Chemical bonds are being formed by unstable high energy containing chemical species.

[00:23:43]unstable high energy containing chemical species.

[00:23:51]Chemical bonds have been formed by unstable high energy containing chemical species.

[00:24:07]Chemical bonds have been formed by unstable high energy containing chemical species to convert themselves into to convert themselves into to convert themselves into Stable low energy containing chemical species convert themselves into stable low energy.

[00:25:00]containing chemical species to convert themselves into stable low energy containing chemical species.

[00:25:14]stable low energy containing chemical species.

[00:25:36]Right.

[00:25:41]You may leave a rule and come to a new Releasing of energy.

[00:26:03]Releasing of energy.

[00:26:10]Releasing of energy in order to become Releasing of energy in order to become more and more stable.

[00:26:55]releasing of energy in order to become more and more stable.

[00:27:04]Releasing of energy in order to become more and more stable can be understood.

[00:27:15]can be understood.

[00:27:23]can be understood by analyzing.

[00:27:32]By analyzing the variation of total energy by variation of total energy.

[00:28:04]in front of interuclei distance.

[00:28:13]in front of interuclei distance by variation of total energy in front of interuclei distance.

[00:28:25]in front of interuclear distance. Okay.

[00:28:30]Right.

[00:28:31]Listen. Let's say these two atoms they are going to form a bond.ucalis Total energy yaxis nuclear distance I'm going to plot something plot a graph okay you know what has happened I mean for for any kind of bonformation process right the graph is having a shape like this Buddha When the interuclei distance is very less, nuclei are more and more closer, they are very close to each other, the internal energy of these two species becomes very high, right? With the gradual increment of interuclei distance, right? This the total energy contained by these two atoms, it becomes gradually lower.

[00:29:37]in the nuclear distance right it comes to a bottom point at one point at one point it comes to the least value the bottom minimum value with then when we increase the interuclei distance it becomes higher Again, become more and more closer, the total energy contained is going to be significantly high.

[00:30:26]understood what what I'm saying? So if I move these atoms from this way to this way distance, if I move from this way to this way, right, the graph is going to be seen like this.

[00:30:50]foruclei distance.

[00:31:21]Yeah, this is the inter nuclear distance, right? I would say maximum maximum minimum moderate.

[00:31:38]Maximum minimum order rate.

[00:31:56]This is how energy goes.

[00:32:01]You will not be asked for these graphs and all in the exam. But the comprehensive understanding is expected at your level.

[00:32:12]This is how it goes.

[00:33:47]Right? Yaxis energy. X-axis interuclei distance.

[00:33:52]When the interuclei distance is minimum when nuclei are very close to each other, the total energy contained by these two atoms is going to be significantly high. It becomes minimum at a moderate point when the inter nuclear distance is very high. Then also the total energy contained is not the minimum. It has a significant value then also. Okay. Right. Put here listen to me very carefully.

[00:34:21]So this is the point listen to me. This is the point where we believe the bond has formed.

[00:34:33]minimum energy. Okay. Right. So this is the point of bone formuclei distance. The interuclei distance at the point of bond formation is set to be the bond length of that particular bond.

[00:35:07]The energy minimum point the minimum energy point. This is set to be the bond formation point. Bond formation point.

[00:35:20]Right? This is set to be the bond formation point. understood what I said right? You may represent these points as well. The energy minimum point, the minimum energy point is set to be the bond formation point.

[00:35:34]The interuclei distance, the xcoordinate value at the point of bond formation is set to be the bond length of that particular bond. Right? Is set to be the bond length of that particular bond.

[00:36:12]Right. You may put a bullet point and write.

[00:36:18]Right.

[00:36:22]The point at which The point at which total energy contained by the point at which the total energy contained by the total energy contained by membering atom Who are going to form the bond?

[00:36:57]Membering atoms. Who are going to form the bond?

[00:37:06]Membering atoms who are going to form the bond are having minimum possible energy.

[00:37:18]are having minimum possible energy are having minimum possible energy.

[00:37:30]Membering atoms who are going to form the bond are having minimum possible energy is set to be is set to be is set to be you may use a red pen and write bond formation point is set to be bond formation point is set to be one formation point is said to be one formation point.

[00:38:12]While normally while while the interuclei distance at bond formation point the interuclei distance at bond formation point.

[00:38:36]The interuclei distance at bond formation point.

[00:38:42]The interuclei distance at bond formation point. May bond formation point interuclei distance. The interuclei distance at bond formation point is known as is known as is known as you may use a red pen.

[00:39:04]Bond length.

[00:39:06]Bond length normally continue of that particular bond.

[00:39:14]Bond length of that particular bond is known as bond length of that particular point. B.

[00:39:39]Among all subatomic particles.

[00:39:52]Among all subatomic particles.

[00:40:00]Among all subatomic particles.

[00:40:06]Among all subatomic particles.

[00:40:14]Electrons are found to be among all subatomic particles. Electrons are found to be Electrons are found to be among all subatomic particles electrons are found to be involved in bond formation process.

[00:40:51]involved in bond formation process involved in bond formation process.

[00:41:04]Involved in bond formation process.

[00:41:07]Ahead of ahead of protons and neutrons.

[00:41:13]Ahead of protons and neutrons.

[00:41:20]Ahead of protons and neutrons.

[00:41:24]Ahead of protons and neutrons. Full stop.

[00:41:37]You may continue on that same paragraph.

[00:41:44]Electrochemical cell operation.

[00:41:48]Electrochemical cell operation.

[00:41:54]Electrochemical cell operation.

[00:41:58]Come up.

[00:42:02]Electrolysis process.

[00:42:06]Electrolysis or else electrolyis. You can pronounce whatever the way you want.

[00:42:11]It's okay. Electrolysis or else electrolyis process electrochemical cell operation, electrolyis process, comma.

[00:42:25]Ability to forecast bond formation potential.

[00:42:33]Ability to forecast. Ability to forecast bone formation potential.

[00:42:41]Ability to forecast bone formation potential.

[00:42:48]Ability to forecast bone formation potential.

[00:42:53]Bond formation potential.

[00:42:55]Ability to forecast bone formation potential based on electronic configuration of a given species based on based on electronic configuration of a given species.

[00:43:16]based on electronic configuration of a given species.

[00:43:23]based on electronic configuration of a given species are believed to be are believed to be witness.

[00:43:51]Believe to be witness. Sakshi are believed to be witness to express the fact that a witness to express the fact that I witness to express the fact that Electrons are involved in bond formation process.

[00:44:58]Witness or else you can say proof.

[00:45:03]Witness proofs to express the fact that electrons are involved in bond formation process.

[00:45:10]Proofs to express the fact that electrons are involved in bond formation process. Proofs.

[00:45:19]Right? Listen to me. Okay? So we have several types of subatomic particles.

[00:45:24]Electrons, protons and neutrons. Out of all these components, electrons are believed to be involved in bond formation process. Right?

[00:45:34]Proofs for that. We need proofs for any scientific statement. Scientifically proofs that's called science.

[00:45:44]Right?

[00:45:46]Electrochemical cell operation proof how do you say you know when an electrochemical cell let's say we are getting diluted sulpuric solution for a beaker and let's say we are inserting a copper rod and zinc rod and let's say we are connecting those two rods based on a what do you call a copper wire or whatever if we place a bulb there you know bulb will light up bulb You know it's a flow of electronic externally.

[00:46:49]dissociation, bond formation, whatever the bond related.

[00:46:58]Understood?

[00:47:00]We can say inert gases, inert gases, helium, neon, argan kind of inert gases, they are having very less potential to form bonds.

[00:47:18]in their electronic configuration.

[00:47:20]Based on the electronic configuration of a given species, we can forecast whether it is going to produce more and more chemical bonds or not. So that also gives the hint that there is a relationship between electrons and bond formation. So out of these protons, neutrons and electrons kind of subatomic particles. Electrons are involved in one formation process ahead of other two particles. So those are the proofs which confirms the fact that electrons are involved in one formation process.

[00:47:55]Understood? Clear? Right? Okay. Right.

[00:48:00]You may move to a new paragraph and write these chemical bonds can be categorized into these chemical bonds can be categorized into These chemical bonds can be categorized into two major types can be categorized. into two major types.

[00:49:03]Two major types As in the form of As in the form of primary bonds and secondary bonds mainly.

[00:49:51]As in the form of primary bonds and secondary bonds mainly.

[00:49:58]As in the form of primary bonds and secondary bonds mainly.

[00:50:04]Primary bonds and secondary bonds bonds.

[00:50:15]electrons initiate to cater what purpose to convert high energy containing unstable species into low energy containing stable species I'm giving you the background of the lesson background of the chemical bonding understood what I'm saying right so primary and secondary bonds in chemistry or whatever I wrote you may continue your paragraph parag Coalent bonds.

[00:50:48]Coalent bonds coalent bonds.

[00:51:12]Come on. Ionic bonds.

[00:51:17]Ionic bonds and metallic bonds.

[00:51:32]Coalent bonds, ionic bonds and metallic bonds.

[00:51:43]are believed to be.

[00:51:48]I believe to be.

[00:52:05]I believe to be Main types of primary bonds are believed to be main types of primary bonds are believed to be main types of primary bonds.

[00:52:37]While while while there are five types of secondary bonds as well.

[00:52:53]While there are five types of secondary bonds as well.

[00:53:00]While there are five types of secondary bones as well, right? Flowart, right? This sums it up.

[00:53:28]Chemical bonds can be classified into two types. Primary bonds and secondary bonds. Three types of primary bonds are there. Coalent bonds, ionic bonds and metallic bonds. Five types of secondary bonds are there. Induced dipole induced dipole interactions. Dipole induced dipole interactions.

[00:53:48]Ion induced dipole interactions. Dipole dipole interactions. Ion dipole interactions.

[00:53:56]Okay.

[00:57:32]Right? If you can't mind read names, I'll dictate it again. Induced dipole induced dipole interactions. Dipole induced dipole interactions.

[00:57:42]Ion induced dipole interactions.

[00:57:45]Dipole dipole interactions.

[00:57:48]Ion dipole interactions.

[00:57:51]Right.

[00:57:59]Example example.

[00:58:05]If we consider a balloon filled with carbon dioxide gas.

[00:58:16]If we consider a balloon filled with carbon dioxide gas.

[00:58:24]If we consider a balloon filled with carbon dioxide gas.

[00:58:32]A balloon filled with carbon dioxide gas.

[00:58:40]If we consider a balloon filled with carbon dioxide gas come bonds exist between carbon and oxygen atoms.

[00:59:12]coalent bonds exist between carbon and oxygen atoms.

[00:59:24]Coalent bonds exist between carbon and oxygen atoms.

[00:59:36]can be categorized as can be categorized as primary bonds.

[01:00:06]can be categorized as primary ones.

[01:00:12]We are where induced dipole dash induced dipole interactions induced dipole dash induced dipole interactions.

[01:00:38]Induced dipole induced dipole interactions exist between exist between Induced dipole induced dipole interactions exist between adjoining CO2 molecules can be identified as adjoining CO2 molecules can be identified as adjoining CO2 molecules. can be identified as secondary interactions.

[01:01:48]Can be identified as secondary interactions.

[01:01:52]Okay, you may draw this diagram atoms in between these atoms.

[01:02:08]Carbon dioxide molecules among these carbon dioxide molecules in between these molecules attraction secondary bond scale. That's how we classify it. That's how we categorize it.

[01:04:00]Right. So that is the first chapter introduction.

[01:04:07]You will be given five minutes.

[01:04:12]Read the whole note.

[01:04:20]If you have any single thing to be asked the group is open WhatsApp group you can drop us a message so that I can directly answer your questions for the physical students you can raise your hands and ask right anyway 5 minutes will be given just read whatever the things been taught throughout what is the fifth secondary type it's iron dipole interactions ion dipole interaction or someone has written the answer also Right to the read the full note. Ask anything if you have and finish off the introduction.

[01:05:11]Chapter the remainder of second chapter will be discussed next week discussion we can Oh, isn't it papers for newcomers students to what do you call to revise the first lesson? We we are we are conducting a paper series called day pass papers. A 10 paper set paper set of 10 papers.

[01:06:16]In addition to the workload that we are managing on the bonding lesson WhatsApp WhatsApp WhatsApp WhatsApp WhatsApp Usually I conduct the class from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. From 6:15 to 7:00 I'm going to do the paper discussion.

[01:06:59]We don't need to spend extra time.

[01:07:20]Next year we are we are conducting two slots per week. per week onwards for the same class fee. I'll be having two sessions.

[01:07:40]I'm going to finish your syllabus at the end of 2027 exam 8 months prior. At the end of 2027, the syllabus will be completed for you guys. Right? So that's a very better idea.

[01:07:55]full we can prepare ourselves to the exam. So that's what I'm planning. So that will be happening for sure.

[01:08:02]Okay. Read and get the introduction will you Right.

[01:08:43]I have several questions I'll answer.

[01:08:46]Sir, could you please explain the graph again?

[01:08:50]So, is there another second interaction called London forces? No. London forces means a synonym to induced dipole induced dipole interactions induced dipole induced dipole interactions London dispersion forces again that's the London forces sir can you give a brief explanation about the graph once again okay is is it unclear for you also here here listen to me hara Let's say this is an atom. Okay. And we believe this is to be another atom, right? Would say, right? Let's say these are two atoms.

[01:09:48]Fair enough.

[01:09:52]Energy plot we are going to plot the graph between total energy contained by these possible atoms and the interuclei distance of these two atoms. Okay.

[01:10:14]When the interuclei distance is very high, these two atoms they are going to contain a significant amount of energy significant distance.

[01:10:28]When we make them closer, closer closer and closer, the total energy contained by these two species, these two atoms is going to be reducing little by little by little.

[01:10:51]How do you know? Right? There is a certain point there's a certain point where the total contained energy becomes minimum.

[01:11:03]If we are going to move these guys closer then after The total energy contained by these guys is going to be increase in between these two atoms. The bond formation point formation point that is said to be the bond length of this particular bond clear right I need your responses everything clear just tell me I need responses from everyone sure I'm looking it from everyone. Was everything clear? The introduction part is clear, right?

[01:12:15]Come on.

[01:12:23]Right.

[01:12:27]Right. Okay. Fine. Super. Sir, could you please reexlain how the paper class is going to work if possible? Thank you. Right.

[01:12:37]Okay. I I'll tell you. Yeah. You forget about the paper class. Right. So, this is a new chapter where we are going to commence the second lesson for 3 months period starting from today July, August, September. 3 to 6 would be the class time. During the month of August, since you guys are having school vacations and all, I'll be doing some extra sessions as well. But for the moment, the regular time slot is 3:00 p.m. to 6 p.m. slot.

[01:13:05]Right? So, I'll be doing 10 papers from first lesson, two spot tests from first lesson and one unit test from first lesson uh within this period as well. So already for for the period of March and June for the period in between March and June for last 4 months I conducted two papers and one's portrait from the first lesson right within this month uh day pass paper 3 to day pass paper 6 will be shared in your WhatsApp channel and I'll be discussing those four papers right whenever possible maybe 6:15 to 7:00 p.m. every Friday I would say physically discuss the discussion will be uploaded to your WhatsApp channel it's free of charge you don't need to have extra commitment on that test paper 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 July months July Second structure.

[01:14:24]First chapters from history of atomic structure to electronic configurations. Quantum numbers firstap to expose you to new type of questions to keep it loaded in your brain.

[01:15:02]First level results. Newcomers.

[01:15:19]First, you just continue these papers and test and everything. Okay.

[01:15:40]September that's enough. Okay.

[01:15:59]But I don't push you guys for that. If you can, yes, you give it a try. That's better. But I don't care it. Okay.

[01:16:07]Right. Okay buddha we are moving to the one of the major chapters of the lesson.

[01:16:12]Chapter two.

[01:16:15]Chapter two.

[01:16:18]Chapter two make a major unit covealent bonding and covealent compounds.

[01:16:43]Coalent bonding and coalent compounds.

[01:16:50]Coalent bonding and coalent compounds.

[01:16:59]Coalent bonding and coalent compounds.

[01:17:05][snorts] Okay.

[01:17:08]Right. [sighs and gasps] Put listen to me very carefully.

[01:17:14]Right.

[01:17:16]You have heard the word coalent bonding.

[01:17:18]Isn't it coalent?

[01:17:25]What kind of a bond is it? A bond between cation and anion talk please. Is it a bond between two ions? Huh? No. That kind of a bond is said to be an ionic bond.

[01:17:46]Atoms electrons.

[01:17:53]A chemical bond formed by sharing sharing one or more electron pairs among two atoms. Atoms.

[01:18:05]among two atoms.

[01:18:07]By sharing one or more electron pairs among two atoms.

[01:18:24]formalent bond. Okay. So we are going to study how coalent bonds are being formed.

[01:18:35]How we can categorize how we can classify these coalent bonds based on different different bases and what is the relative strength of these various types of coalent bonds. We're going to study in depth study coalence bonds chapter. Okay.

[01:18:55]Right. Under the what do you call the chapter 2 coalent bonding you may write your first subtopic subtopic subtopic simple a formation of a covealent bond.

[01:19:18]Formation of a covealent bond.

[01:19:22]formation of a coalent bond.

[01:19:28]Right? Normal paragraph.

[01:19:32]You may write down.

[01:19:37]Consider consider Consider an instance where consider Consider an instance where up.

[01:20:16]Consider an instance where up capital A and capital B atoms.

[01:20:27]Consider an instance where capital A and capital B atoms capital A and capital B atoms are existing closer to each other.

[01:20:58]Consider an instance where capital A and capital B atoms are existing closer to each other.

[01:21:09]Capital A atom and capital B atom are existing closer to each other.

[01:21:20]Capital A atom and capital B atom are existing closer to each other.

[01:21:28]closer to each other.

[01:21:35]Which are existing closer to each other.

[01:21:42]Closer to each other.

[01:21:50]Right.

[01:22:09]There are several potential attraction and repulsion forces.

[01:22:17]There are several potential attraction and repulsion forces.

[01:22:27]There are several potential.

[01:22:32]There are several potential attraction and repulsion forces.

[01:22:39]There are several potential attraction and repulsion forces.

[01:22:45]Attraction and repulsion forces which can be formed which formed which can be generated which can be generated among the components of these two atoms which can be generated among the components of these two atoms. terms which can be generated exerted among among the components of these two atoms which can be exerted among the components of these two atoms. The components of these two atoms components attraction and repulsion forces. There are several attraction and repulsion forces which can be exerted among the components of these two atoms.

[01:23:55]Listen to me.

[01:23:57]Attraction forces. Tell me attraction.

[01:24:04]>> [snorts] >> Same charges attite charges attraction can't here opposite charges right here we can expect two attractions among these components among among the components of these two atoms attractions the attraction between electron cloud of A and the nucleus of B. You know nucleus is composed with protons which is positive in charge.

[01:24:40]The attraction between electron cloud of B and the nucleus of A attraction attraction repulsions when they close to each other. What are the possible repulsions that can cause the [snorts] repulsion between electron cloud of A and electron cloud of B? The repulsion between the nucleus of A and the nucleus of B. Those are similar kind of charged components. So they will potentially develop a repulsive forces.

[01:25:18]Am I correct? Right. Bullet points attractions and repulsions.

[01:25:26]First point attraction between attraction between attraction between electron cloud of A and nucleus of B.

[01:25:53]Electron cloud of A and nucleus of B.

[01:26:00]Attraction between electron cloud of A and nucleus of B.

[01:26:08]Nucleus of B.

[01:26:11]Second point other way around. attraction between electron cloud of B and nucleus of A.

[01:26:30]Attraction between electron cloud of B and nucleus of A.

[01:26:41]attraction between electron cloud of B and nucleus of A.

[01:26:49]Third point, [snorts] repulsion between electron clouds of A and B.

[01:27:04]repulsion between electron clouds of A and B.

[01:27:13]repulsion between electron clouds of A and B.

[01:27:20]Fourth point, repulsion between nuclei of A and B.

[01:27:37]Repulsion between nuclei of A and B.

[01:27:44]repulsion between nuclei of A and B right listen to me right what happens when You listen me very carefully. What happens when the summation the total effect of attractions is stronger than the total effect of repulsions potentially attractions. Repulsions attraction repulsions elects of these two atoms move towards each other.

[01:28:46]repulsions.

[01:28:51]When the impact of attractions, right? If the impact of attractions is becoming more stronger than the impact of the repulsion, the electron clouds of these two atoms may move towards each other. Electron clouds the electron clouds of these two atoms will move towards each other.

[01:29:27]This will be more clear for you right Attraction impulsion clouds will move towards each other will move towards deformed. move towards each other.

[01:30:21]When this happens continuously continuously right here, if it happens significantly and for the period of time, electron clouds of these two atoms will go on top of each other.

[01:30:53]Electron clouds overlap overlapping.

[01:31:00]This is said to be overlapping of electron clouds. overlapping.

[01:31:08]This is said to be overlapping of electron clouds.

[01:31:12]Okay. [snorts] Right. This overlap region contains electrons which belong to A and electrons which belong to B also.

[01:31:35]relationship.

[01:31:38]We also try to keep a relationship between this pre all in all at last attraction a bond between formed among A and B atoms atoms forap for is defined to be a covealent bond in chemistry understood right I'll go again here let's say right let's Say A and B atoms are getting closer to each other. AB atoms they close each other close to one. There are several potential attraction and repulsion forces could be formed. The possible attractions are attraction between electron cloud of A and the nucleus of B. Attraction between electron cloud of B and the nucleus of A. Possible repulsions are the repulsion between nucleus of A and nucleus of B.

[01:33:09]The repulsion between electron cloud of A and electron cloud of B.

[01:33:14]When the impact of attractions surpasses the impact of repulsions, electron clouds of these two atoms would deform towards each other towards each other. If it happened continuously for a period of time, continuously for a period of time, the electron clouds of these two atoms go on top of on top of each other. That is said to be an overlapping of electron clouds. In simple terms, that is said to be an overlapping.

[01:33:53]This over overlapped region may contain electrons of both these atoms.

[01:34:00]Because of that some electrons are shared in this overlap region. Because of that because of that electron containment in overlap region a bond would be formed among these two atoms. That kind of a bond the characteristic nature is electrons are shared in overlap region. Overlap region the bond is formed due to this electron availability in overlap region is said to be a covealent bond among these two atoms. That is how coalent bonds are being formed.

[01:34:39]close with the potentially attractions and repulsions.

[01:34:47]Attractions repulsions clouds they deform towards each other.

[01:34:55]They overlap. They go on top of each other. They go over on top of each other. They overlap.

[01:35:06]at the end of the day is said to be a coalent bond in chemistry. Clear, right? Okay. So, where did you where did we end up potentially?

[01:35:23]Right.

[01:35:31]However, however, however, come on.

[01:35:43]If the strength of attractions becomes the strength of attractions, the strength of attractions becomes significant becomes significant when compared with the strength of repulsions becomes significant when compared with the strength of repulsions.

[01:36:29]when compared with the strength of repulsions.

[01:36:39]Come on.

[01:36:41]Electron clouds of atoms may deform towards each other.

[01:36:49]Electron clouds of atoms may deform towards each other.

[01:36:55]Electron clouds of atoms may deform towards each other may deform towards each other and fall on top of each other as well.

[01:37:20]and fall on top of each other as well.

[01:37:25]may deform towards each other and fall on top of each other as well and fall on top of each other as well.

[01:37:37]This kind of phenomenon you may continue that paragraph. This kind of phenomenon, this kind of phenomenon is known to be This kind of phenomenon is known to be This kind of phenomenon is known to be you may use a red pen overlapping of orital.

[01:38:08]The overlapping this kind of phenomenon is known to be overlapping in chemistry. Full stop.

[01:38:18]Phenomenon is known to be overlapping in chemistry.

[01:38:44]deformed towards each other and over overlapped deformed towards each other and overlap.

[01:38:52]This kind of phenomenon is known to be an overlapping in chemistry.

[01:39:01]Is defined to be an overlapping in chemistry.

[01:40:53]Right. You may continue your writing.

[01:40:58]We'll continue then after. You have to keep several pens and pencils and stuff like that during this lesson.

[01:41:14]Since the electrons of both atoms are contained.

[01:41:21]Since the electrons of both atoms are contained.

[01:41:28]Since the electrons of both atoms atoms of they came up. Since the electrons of both atoms are contained in the overlap region are contained in the overlap region are contained in the overlap region.

[01:41:57]A chemical bond would be formed.

[01:42:01]A chemical bond would be formed.

[01:42:07]A chemical bond would be formed.

[01:42:11]A chemical bond would be formed by attracting both the atoms.

[01:42:18]A chemical bond would be formed by attracting both the atoms.

[01:42:25]A chemical bond would be formed by attracting both the atoms.

[01:42:30]By attracting both the atoms to this particular overlap region to this particular overlap region.

[01:42:39]Chemical bond would be formed by attracting both the atoms to this particular overlap region.

[01:42:46]to this particular overlap region.

[01:42:56]This type of bond is defined is defined to be this type of bond is defined to be this type of bond is defined to be this type of bond is defined to be is defined to as it's defined to be red covealent bond in chemistry.

[01:43:32]covealent bond in chemistry.

[01:43:40]Coalent bond in chemistry.

[01:43:44]This type of bond is defined to be a covealent bond in chemistry. chemistry coalent is defined to be a coalent bond in chemistry.

[01:43:59]A coalent bond in chemistry, right?

[01:44:13]You may leave a rule or two and within apostrophes you may write Sharing of one or more electron pairs.

[01:44:29]Sharing of one or more electron pairs.

[01:44:34]Sharing of one or more electron pairs.

[01:44:40]Sharing of one or more electron pairs.

[01:44:47]Sharing of one or more electron pairs within commonly available over overlapped region.

[01:44:59]within commonly available over overlapped region.

[01:45:08]within commonly available over overlapped region.

[01:45:14]within commonly available within commonly available overlap region is the key characteristic.

[01:45:44]of a covealent bond is the key characteristic of a covealent bond.

[01:45:55]Sharing of one or more electron pairs within commonly available overlap region is the key characteristic of a coalent bond.

[01:46:09]is the key characteristic of a covealent bond.

[01:46:15]is the key characteristic of a covealent bond.

[01:46:21]Double electron sharing Right.

[01:46:43]Coalent bonds can be categorized into subcategories.

[01:46:50]Coalent bonds can be categorized into subcategories.

[01:46:58]Covealent bonds can be categorized into subcategories.

[01:47:05]can be categorized into subcategories.

[01:47:13]Can be categorized into subcategories.

[01:47:22]Can be categorized into subcategories based on based on Several key parameters based on several key parameters can be categorized into subcategories based on several key parameters.

[01:48:00]based on several key parameters.

[01:48:03]Can be categorized into subcategories based on several key parameters.

[01:48:11]Right.

[01:48:21]Subtopic simple B.

[01:48:28]Subtopic simple B. L.

[01:48:32]Classification of coalent bonds based on bond order.

[01:48:41]Classification of coalent bonds based on bond order.

[01:49:26]Right. Listen to BI here.

[01:49:30]Classification of coalent bonds based on what? Based on bond order classify here first we have to define what is the bond order of a given coalent bond. Here number of electron pairs shared in overlap region among these two constituent atoms component atoms membrane atoms are set to be the bond order of that particular coalent bond monkey here listen to me very carefully Keep your attention please.

[01:50:25]Number of electron pairs shared.

[01:50:38]Electron number of electron pairs shared within the overlap region. Overlap region electron pair among these two atoms are set to be are defined to be bond order of that particular coalent bond.

[01:51:05]forg shared in overlap region is defined to be the bond order of that particular coalent bond. Understood what I say?

[01:51:22]These coalent bonds can be classified by means of the bond order. The classification of coalent bonds based on bond order. That's what we are going to discuss. Okay. Clear.

[01:51:37]Right. Before moving on to this topic.

[01:51:52]Yes. No. Right.

[01:51:57]You have to cut it off. Before that, I have to tell you something. Okay. Okay.

[01:52:04]final note again just forget about that before that I'll tell you one thing listen to me here what we believe is we believe Here this is something important.

[01:52:40]Right here we believe overlapping is possible among two unpaired electrons.

[01:52:54]electrons.

[01:53:04]Unpaired electrons.

[01:53:06]Among these unpaired electron containing orbital unpaired electrons in overlapping.

[01:53:39]Let's say these two atoms are coming closer to each other. coming closer to each other.

[01:53:49]Unpaired electrons in unpaired newcomers. We taught we learned something called orbital that you will realize when when you are going through the first lesson course. Forget about the word for the moment. Just just just listen to me. That's all. Others you know this stuff right 3s empty overlapping.

[01:54:51]In all the other cases, overlapping is not expected.

[01:55:03]sub unpaired electrons in between these two overlapping.

[01:55:14]We cannot expect an overlapping among these two Okay. Right.

[01:55:53]Right here.

[01:56:05]Note requisite for electron cloud overlapping requisite for electron cloud overlapping. External requisite nec requisite or necessity for electron cloud overlapping.

[01:56:49]Requisite for electron cloud overlapping.

[01:56:54]Requisite for electron cloud overlapping.

[01:56:58]Necessity. Requisite for electron cloud overlapping.

[01:57:14]This has to be a segregated note. But anyway, you continue your writing.

[01:57:18]Right.

[01:57:24]Electron cloud overlapping can be expected.

[01:57:35]Electron cloud overlapping can be expected.

[01:57:43]Electron cloud overlapping can be expected.

[01:57:49]When when outermost subengy levels of membrane atoms outermost subeny levels of membrane atoms the potential atoms Emily when outermost subengy levels of potential atoms Outermost sub energy levels of potential atoms potential atoms are containing outermost subenage levels of potential atoms are containing are containing unpaired electrons.

[01:58:45]unpaired electrons.

[01:58:51]Unpaired electrons. O one of these atoms are having paired electrons.

[01:59:10]One of these atoms are having paired electrons.

[01:59:17]One of these atoms are having pair paired electrons.

[01:59:25]One of these atoms are having paired electrons.

[01:59:30]While while other atom is having while other atoms other atom is having while other atom is having an empty orbital in its outermost sub energy level An empty orbital. An empty orbital.

[02:00:04]An empty orbital in its outermost subengy level.

[02:00:14]An empty orbital in its outermost subengy level.

[02:00:23]An empty orbital in its outermost subengy level.

[02:00:31]an empty orbital in its outer most of energy level orbital overlapping electron cloud overlapping and bond formation can be expected. Okay. Right. dotted line.

[02:01:17]>> [snorts] >> You may continue.

[02:01:42]However, however, come on.

[02:01:52]Electron cloud overlapping.

[02:01:55]However, electron cloud overlapping.

[02:02:02]However, electron cloud overlapping is not expected.

[02:02:14]However, electron cloud overlapping is not expected in other situations.

[02:02:23]Electron cloud overlapping is not expected in other situations.

[02:02:32]Is not expected in other situations.

[02:02:39]Is not expected in other situations.

[02:02:51]for electron.

[02:03:04]So this is going to be a good kind of a short note. This good kind of extra note.

[02:03:16]Requisite for electron cloud overlapping.

[02:04:05]Right.

[02:04:07][sighs] Now you may write down subtopic simple Balent bond classification based on bond load. Then topic.

[02:04:26]Subtopic simple B. Coalent bond classification based on Bond.

[02:04:35]Coalent bond classification based on bond order.

[02:04:42]Coalent bond classification based on bond order.

[02:04:49]Coalent bonds classify coalent bond classification based on bond order.

[02:05:02]So what is believed to be the bond order?

[02:05:07]Number of electron pairs shared in over overlapped region in between two membering atoms.

[02:05:16]Double Apostrophes.

[02:05:21]Number of electron pairs shared.

[02:05:26]Number of electron pairs shared.

[02:05:31]Number of electron pairs shared. Share.

[02:05:35]Electron pairs. Number of electron pairs shared within within the over overlapped region within the over overlapped region.

[02:05:55]Number of electron pairs shared within the over overlapped region.

[02:06:03]within the overlap region is defined to as is defined to as is defined to as order of a given coalent bond is defined to as order of a given coalent valent bond is defined to as order of a given coalent bond.

[02:06:42]Number of electron pairs shared within the overlap region is defined to as order of a given coalent bond double definition. So that is said to be bond order right.

[02:07:01]Subtopic.

[02:07:04]Further subtopic. Roman number one.

[02:07:12]Single covealent bonds.

[02:07:19]Single coalent bonds.

[02:07:23]Single coalent bonds.

[02:07:29]Right. Pa tell me if one electron pair is shared among two membering atoms within the overlap region over electron or Which kind of a coalent bond? Single coalent bond. Okay. How do we denote single single?

[02:08:12]It will be denoted by a short line drawn between two constituent atoms.ID short.

[02:08:34]Okay.

[02:08:35]Right.

[02:08:47]Coalent bond which is formed Covealent bond which is formed by sharing one electron pair.

[02:09:23]By sharing one electron pair.

[02:09:33]By sharing one electron pair.

[02:09:38]By sharing one electron pair within over overlapped region.

[02:09:51]within overlap region.

[02:09:55]By sharing one electron pair within overlap region between two constituent atoms.

[02:10:07]Within overlap region between two constituent atoms.

[02:10:14]within overlap region between two constituent atoms.

[02:10:22]with the overlap region between two constituent atoms are set to be are set to be are said to be first order covealent bonds slash double the single bonds in chemistry are set to be first order covealent bonds/ single bonds.

[02:10:58]Those are synonyms. First order coalent bonds/ single bonds in chemistry.

[02:11:10]First order coalent bonds single bonds in chemistry.

[02:11:16]First order coalent bonds/ single bonds in chemistry double comma one. So that's a definition.

[02:11:25]That's a definition. Right.

[02:11:30]That is the way we denote it.

[02:11:39]A - B single solid line.

[02:11:47]Right. Normal paragraphing.

[02:11:52]Single bonds are represented.

[02:11:56]Single bonds are represented by Single bonds are represented by Single bonds are represented by Single bonds are represented by one solid line drawn. D R A W N. One solid line drawn in between constituent atoms.

[02:12:43]One solid line drawn in between constituent atoms.

[02:12:53]One solid line drawn in between constituent atoms.

[02:13:10]Simple subtopics number two double coalent bonds.

[02:13:22]Double coalent bonds.

[02:13:25]Okay, tell me how do you define it?

[02:13:29]Double coalent bond is a type of a coalent bond where how many electron pairs will be shared? Two electron pairs being shared among two constituent atoms within the overlap region. Is it how do we represent it?

[02:13:46]By drawing how many solid lines? Two solid lines among constituent atoms.

[02:13:53]Okay. Right. Definition coalent bonds.

[02:14:02]Coalent bonds formed.

[02:14:08]Coalent bonds formed by sharing two electron pairs.

[02:14:17]By sharing two electron pairs.

[02:14:24]By sharing two electron pairs.

[02:14:35]By sharing two electron pairs among constituent atoms by sharing two electron pairs among constituent atoms within the Overlap region.

[02:15:03]Within the overlap region within the overlap region are said to be are said to be are said to be second order coalent bonds/ double bonds. That's a simple word.

[02:15:29]Shorter word is double bonds. The proper word is second order coalent bonds are said to be second order coalent bonds/ double bonds in chemistry.

[02:15:43]Second order coalent bonds in chemistry.

[02:15:49]In chemistry double A dash B solid lines double bonds are represented by drawing.

[02:16:17]Double bonds are represented by drawing.

[02:16:25]Double bonds are represented by drawing.

[02:16:32]Double bonds are represented by drawing two solid lines in between two membrane atoms.

[02:16:45]two solid lines in between membrane atoms.

[02:16:49]By drawing two solid lines in between membrane atoms.

[02:16:56]By drawing two solid lines in between membering atoms.

[02:17:04]You can do it by yourself.

[02:17:07]Roman number three triple coalent bonds in simple terms triple bonds third order coalent bonds h you have to write the definition you have to write the way of representation and you have to have the final sentence as well. Okay, finish it off with the Buddha here.

[02:20:29]You have to keep this thing in your mind. Listen to me.

[02:20:34]When the bond order increases When the bond when the bond order increases with the increment of bond order bond energy is believed to be increasing while the bond length length of the bond is believed to be decreasing with the increment of bond order which is which is going to be increased bond energy Bond energy.

[02:21:12]Bond energy means the energy which should be supplied externally to dissociate the bond and separate these membrane atoms. constituent attorney perprengren.

[02:21:56]They are getting closer to each other.

[02:22:03]The B length decreases. Okay. Right.

[02:22:12]You may use your red pen and write as a special point.

[02:22:20]The bond energy. The bond energy.

[02:22:28]The bond energy within brackets.

[02:22:33]Within brackets energy which should be supplied externally.

[02:22:41]We'll we'll define it. We'll explain it.

[02:22:44]Energy which should be supplied externally.

[02:22:50]Energy which should be supplied externally to dissociate the bond.

[02:23:00]to dissociate the bond.

[02:23:04]To dissociate the bond and separate to dissociate the bond and separate constituent atoms.

[02:23:17]Dissociate the bond and separate constituent atoms.

[02:23:23]Dissociate the bond and separate constituent atoms.

[02:23:30]dissociate the bond and separate constituent atoms.

[02:23:36]The energy which should be supplied externally to dissociate the bond and separate constituent atoms.

[02:23:46]You may close your brackets brackets with the Bond energy energy which should be supplied externally to dissociate the bond and separate the constituent atoms.

[02:24:09]Bond energy [snorts] is believed to be is believed to be increasing.

[02:24:28]is believed to be increased. Is believed to be increased.

[02:24:35]Bond energy is believed to be increased within brackets. I brackets is believed to be increased within brackets with the increment of the strength of bond.

[02:24:55]With the increment of strength of the bond strength with the increment of bond strength. That's enough. With the increment of bond strength.

[02:25:08]You may close your brackets. With the increment of bond strength. Close the bracket.

[02:25:14]Bracket sticker. Skip.

[02:25:17]Bond energy is believed to be increased when bond order increases.

[02:25:33]When bond order increases.

[02:25:37][snorts] When bond order increases.

[02:25:45]While while while Bond length is believed to be decreasing.

[02:26:11]Is believed to be decreased.

[02:26:14]Bond length is believed to be decreased.

[02:26:24]One length is believed to be decreased.

[02:26:30]With the increment of bond order.

[02:26:34]With the increment of bond order.

[02:27:12]From single bonds to triple bonds with the increment of bond order, bond energy and bond strength increases while bond length decreases.

[02:27:40]Bond energy and bond strength increases while bond length B energy and bond strength increases while bond length decreases.

[02:29:12]Right. I'll give you two examples. I need you guys to come up with the answers. Okay. Example one. Example one.

[02:29:23]Example one.

[02:29:32]Compare.

[02:29:34]Compare.

[02:29:38]Compare.

[02:29:47]Bond energies of compare bond energies of Coalent bonds.

[02:30:17]Compare bond energies of coalent bonds.

[02:30:24]Compare bond energies of coalent bonds.

[02:30:28]labeled as simple a comma b and c.

[02:30:34]labeled as simple a comma b and c.

[02:30:40]>> [snorts] >> labeled as simple a comma b and c in following chemical structure labeled as simple a comma b and c in following chemical structure [snorts] in following chemical structure labeled as simple A comma, B and C in following chemical structure.

[02:31:16]Chemical structure A, B, C.

[02:31:30]Come on label. [snorts] Hurry put up I need your argument. What is your logic?

[02:32:47]This is a triple bond. This is a single bond. This is a double bond. Right? When order increases, bone strength increases.

[02:32:58]energy bond energy increases with the which is going to be having the highest bond energy.

[02:33:05]Simple A is it which is having the least bond energy? Simple B which is going to be having the intermediate the moderate bond energy the double bond which is C right so B C A under this order bond energy increases bond energy increases right little Buddha towards this direction bond energy increases raise your hands if you got it correct Good. Towards this direction, bond energy increases. When the order increases, bond energy increases. Bond strength also increases with the order.

[02:33:49]However, the bond length decreases with the order. That's it. Right. Right.

[02:33:54]Example two.

[02:34:02]Example two.

[02:34:05]Example two.

[02:34:07]Right. Compare.

[02:34:12]Compare bond strength.

[02:34:20]Strength.

[02:34:25]Compare bond strengths.

[02:34:28]Bond strengths of coalent bonds.

[02:34:34]Compare bond strengths of coalent bonds labeled as X comma Y comma EZ labeled as XY Z labeled as XY Is it labeled as XY Z.

[02:35:34]Are you okay with that? Come up with your answer will right I need you guys to come up with answer.

[02:36:25]Done.

[02:36:30]Strength. Okay. Bond strength increases with the order. So, which is going to be the strongest bond length?

[02:36:37]Z.

[02:36:39]Y. X is considered to be the lower strength B isn't it right towards this direction bond strength increases isn't it right last one this one right example Three.

[02:37:13]Compare bond lengths of compare bond lengths of compare bond lengths of compare bond lengths of alpha comma beta and gamma. Gamma coalent bonds alpha, beta and gamma coalent bonds.

[02:38:06]Compare bond lengths of alpha, beta and gamma coalent bonds.

[02:38:14]available in given chemical structure.

[02:38:20]Available in given chemical structure.

[02:38:28]available in given chemical structure.

[02:38:35]available in given chemical structure.

[02:38:48]Right? Okay.

[02:39:06]Right. What we know is the bond length decreases when the order increases.

[02:39:28]Maximum intermediate length bond length increases.

[02:39:41]Is it? Yes. Right. Okay.

[02:39:46]Right. Put few minutes will be given.

[02:39:51]Coalent bonding second chapter simple A simple B subtopics full from 17th Friday onwards I'll be using the physical students you will be given the by next week okay 17 chapter 2 that's up to you. Okay. So usually when new lessons start first two weeks we write notes as a normal note because online read whatever the things been taught on the subtopic A and B will four subtopics to be discussed but first subtopics have been read the full note till you then I'll summarize whatever the things been taught. I'll be giving you all the possible notices needed and I'll finish off I'll wind up the session then after Right. Answer in the necessity for electron cloud overlapping always the outermost shell doesn't contain only two electrons but it contains more than two electrons.

[02:44:09]Uh you don't need to worry about that right you just keep the concept noted that's good enough so you don't need to analyze case by case using these fundamentals that will see how we practice it when we are doing questions.

[02:44:23]Okay. The practical application is more more more simplified than the theory.

[02:44:29]Right? Let me listen to me. That's it.

[02:44:31]Right? I'm I'm getting you the final 5 seconds, 5 minutes. Right? Here now today we started structure and bonding as as we announced as we discussed the structure and bonding lesson was commenced. All right. There the introduction was done under the main chapter one of the main chapters of the lesson the coalent bonding part first suit first two subtopics were covered okay right now we know what is a chemical bond right what is a chemical bond chemical bond is kind of an attraction between two constituent atoms in order to make them stable and make them transfer into a less energy situation, right? Unstable high energy containing species will form chemical bonds in order to convert themselves into stable low energy containing species. So high energy species transfer into a low energy species. That's the necessity of bone formation that that's why bonds have been formed. Okay. Right. The interuclei distance when the energy is at its minimal point is set to be the bond length. The energy minimizing point is defined to as the bond formation point.

[02:45:57]Out of all these subatomic particles called electrons, protons and neutrons.

[02:46:02]It's electrons which involve which engage in bond formation process.

[02:46:09]The mechanism of electrochemical cells.

[02:46:12]The process of electrolyis, the ability to forecast the bone formation tendency based on electronic configuration can taken can be taken as proofs as evidence where to to elaborate to expand the fact that electrons are involved in bond formation process.

[02:46:34]Electrons proof, right?

[02:46:42]Right? Bonds are mainly two types of bonds are two types of one is said to be primary bonds. Other type is said to be secondary bonds. Primary bonds are more stronger in nature. They bind constituent species to develop a basic building block called a molecule.

[02:47:06]covealent bonds, ionic bonds and metallic bonds are said to be primary bonds.

[02:47:12]The attraction, the type of bonds available within these basic building blocks, I would say within molecules can set to be secondary bonds. There are five types of main secondary bonds.

[02:47:25]induced dipole induced dipole interactions, dipole induced dipole interactions, ion dipole interactions, dipole dipole interactions and ion dipole interactions. Okay? You have to memorize these things. Okay? Right?

[02:47:42]Then we moved to the main part called covealent bonding. Okay? When two atoms are getting closer to each other, there are certain possible attractions and repulsions which could be taken place.

[02:47:57]However, the strength of attractions becomes more dominant on top of the strength of repulsions. The electron clouds of these membrane adjoining atoms move towards deform towards each other and going on top of each other. That is called an overlapping.

[02:48:18]This overlap region contains electrons of both the atoms. Electrons of both the atoms will be shared within this overlap region. Hence both these atoms have some kind of relationship which with each other some kind of relationship build that kind of electron shared relationship is known to as a coalent bond.

[02:48:45]Right? These coalent bonds can be classified based on bond order where bond order is defined to as number of electron pairs shared within this overlap region among two constituent two membering atoms. If one electron pair is shared that is set to be a single loalent bond or a single bond.

[02:49:09]If two electron paired pairs have been shared within this overlap region that is said to be a second order coalent bond or in simple terms a double bond.

[02:49:20]If three electron pairs have been shared within this overlap region among constituent atoms that situation is set to be a third order coalent bond where in simple terms it can be said as a triple bond. Higher the bond order, higher the bond strength and bond energy. Bond energy means external energy which should be supply to dissociate the bond and separate the constituent atoms.

[02:49:46]Higher the bond order, lesser the bond length is.

[02:49:56]lesson we did three examples to understand how bond strength, bond energy and bond length varies with bond order.

[02:50:05]Okay.

[02:50:08]Right. If I summarize whatever the things been taught throughout this 3-hour session, that is it. That is the extract which I taught. Right. So, we have to complete subtopic C, D and E.

[02:50:20]Three subtopics to be done under the coalent bonding part and exercise and exercise should be done also.

[02:50:30]Next week, Friday listen to me carefully. Wait, wait. I'm not done yet.

[02:50:37]Right. So, next week from 17th onwards, you have to move to your 17th 17th.

[02:50:50]You'll be getting such a lovely tote pack including the workbook, the past paper question and the comprehensive to that we developed. Okay. Right. For the newcomers who joined us after Olive, right? after results or whatever, right?

[02:51:07]They have to purchase the unit one atomic structure course. It's a onetime payment, right? So that totes and everything will be shipped to your place.

[02:51:19]You have to do there are 15 video lessons. You have to cover it up at the end of August. So I'm giving you 3 months. You can do it at the end of September. That I don't mind. But try to finish it off at the end of August within the period of 2 months. that's more better but if not you finish it off at the end of September you can take 3 months no worries hurry that's a self-study course for the earlier students who continue the process from March onwards they have to go with this bonding lesson plus spot test two unit test and day pass papers from third one to 10th one day pass paper 4 will be uploaded within several days that has to be completed by next Friday pass paper 5 6 7 8 9 10 etc etc right today from 6:15 to 7 in between 6:15 to 7 I'll be discussing the day pass paper 3 that discussion will be uploaded to your WhatsApp channel as well right there that will be there from the electromagnetic waves chapter 3 of first lesson we discussed within the month of Aprilaves Okay. Right. Physical students, is everything clear? Yes. Fine.

[02:52:40]Raise your hands if you understood it very well.

[02:52:49]Okay. Right now I'm looking for the live.

[02:52:56]I need the responses from everyone. Uh, was it very clear? How was it?

[02:53:07]We just began the first second lesson which is very important. Okay. So I need the responses from everyone. Each and everyone just drop a message there whether you understood it clearly or not. Was everything clear?

[02:53:25]Good.

[02:53:39]Okay. Right. Anyway, so I'm done for the day. Right. We'll commence whatever we'll continue whatever the things next Friday 3 to 6. We have a three 3 hours slot on next Friday as well. Okay.

[02:53:51]Right. Okay. Buddha. Uh go safely then.

[02:53:54]Cheers. Right. Have a lovely week. Bye.