HSB (Human and Social Biology) 2026 Solutions

追加: 2026-05-12

[00:00:02]Welcome guys to another pure knowledge video and in today's video we're looking at the human and social biology 2026 paper two and please do remember that our answer your answer can be different from our answer um but it can still be correct.

[00:00:22]So you can put your answer in the question below in the comment section below sorry and um we will acknowledge you to see whether you would have gotten the point or not. All right. So first question says define the term drug and we know drug is a substance when taken into the body change the way the body functions whether physically or mentally. Then we got a graph. Figure one is a graph which shows the percentage of adults aed 21 and older who use I use this drug or use drugs in country X. Right? And they gave us this graph here. It says identify the drug which is classified classified as narcotic and which is classified as an elucen.

[00:01:14]Now we know that hallucen sorry we know that um narcotic would be narcotic are drugs that are used to re relieve pain and cause um a numbness sleep cause to be sleepy and it slows down your nervous system and may lead to an addiction that is very important. So that's why those drugs would be heroin and cocaine cuz those drugs can lead to addiction.

[00:01:47]Hallucinogens basically are drugs that change person's thought, your feelings, your perception causing you know people to see or hear things that are not really there. And the perfect example that would be estasy and remember these are drugs that are from the figure. Yes, they're on the figure right here. So we are talking about drugs only from this figure. Right?

[00:02:16]Next one says identify the drug which is most used and the drug which is least used. So we look at the figure and we see most used would be alcohol which is 30%. And we see the least used is estasy which is 2%.

[00:02:36]All right. So therefore those will be our answer. Determine the percentage of drugs who utilize prescription.

[00:02:45]Determine the percentage of adults who utilize prescription drugs. Now remember prescription drugs can only drugs that can you can only get if a doctor prescribe it. Right?

[00:03:00]So the only drug here that a doctor would prescribe would be antibiotics, nicotine, heroine, estasy, cocaine, alcohol. The only thing would be over the counter and over the counter doctor doesn't necessarily have to prescribe it. You can go over the counter and order it without a prescription. So that mean the percentage would be antibiotic which would be 20% 10% sorry. Then it says determine the percentage of adults who utilize illegal drugs. Now we'll have to see how much illegal drugs is there. So we would say that heroin is one that is 8%.

[00:03:50]8%. Estasy, which is 2% and cocaine, which is 8%.

[00:04:00]Sorry, I'm saying heroin, that's not 8%.

[00:04:03]That's 4%. Sorry, 4%.

[00:04:10]Sorry, seeing that. So 4% 2%. is a 4 and 26 and 6 and 814 legal. Um, antibiot alcohol is not an illegal drug, but if you overuse it, it can be problematic just like nicotine.

[00:04:28]Nicotine is not illegal, but it can be addictive.

[00:04:33]All right, so that's 14%.

[00:04:38]Next one says, "Ethan is a 13year-old and has seen his parents use drugs for most of his life. His father smokes marijuana daily and his mother drinks alcohol most weekends when her friends come over to visit." Says two physiological effects and physiological are things that you can affect the body on a physical level, right? things that you can see sorry not physiological the psychological sorry I was reading that badly I'm sorry so it would be psychological so psychological would be things that affects the mind right so what are some things that affects the mind depression hallucination anxiety paranoia you know memory loss That's mood swing, poor concentration, anything that affects the mind will go down beautiful. There says state three physiological that's what my brain was reading. My brain was reading that. So state um state three physiological effects. So those are things that physically affects the body, right? And these are liver damage, cerosis, right?

[00:06:01]um poor coordination and story effects, damages to the brain, vomiting, right?

[00:06:10]Slur um slurred speech, loss of balance, high blood pressure, heart diseases, etc. There's a long list of there. So, any three of those would find suggest three negative effects that misuse of drugs could have on ethan household. Of course, you know, when people use drugs, they tend to be addict addicted to it.

[00:06:33]So, they tend to spend all their money on it. So, it can lead to financial problems. It can affect them on a psychological basis. It can lead to domestic violence and conflict can cause neglect of children from responsibility, increased stress in the family, um child abuse, separation can cause divorce, a whole lot of them, crime and violence.

[00:06:55]You can pick and choose any negative effect you want that can come from drugs.

[00:07:01]Next one says um figure two is a diagram of human skeleton.

[00:07:07]Says identify the bone label in A. And of course um that would be your humorous right here, your shoulder bone or your upper armbbone. Sorry. Right.

[00:07:21]Then now it says um on the figure two label two bones which are protective function. So we know that our ribs, our rib cage will protect our organs like our lungs right there and we know cranium or the skull protects our brain. All right. So those that have been and and we remember to keep it on this side since the labing is on this side even though I don't think they look at that still but just using your biology um the concept you learn in biology right there.

[00:08:02]Next it says, identify the bone label B in figure two. And we know that bone right there is our pelvic girdle and that is attached to the feur right here.

[00:08:15]And it's also attached to the sacrum right here. Some people can put the um vertebra column or the base of the spine. You should get your point still.

[00:08:30]Next one says, "Granny Tiny, who just celebrated her 8 um 5th birthday, is complaining about pain in her joint when she sits and stands. Her grandson Suki tells um her that as a person ages, the structure that makes up the skeletal system will not work as well as they should." outline two reasons why granny tiny in her old age would experience pain in her joints when she sit down. So we know our cartilage or cartilage at the joint may um wear and tear because the cartilage is important to protect the bones from rubbing against each other. So with age the cartilage might get weak right causing the bone to now start to rub against each other to which results in pain. Cinovial fluid is a very important aspect again may decrease with age causing stiffness and less smooth movement at the joint because you know the sino fluid is responsible for lubrication right. So those will give you your four marks. Then it says suggest the degenerative disease from which granitiny is most suffering and we know granitin is arthritis in her old age right there.

[00:09:49]Next one says Granite Tiny spend most of her days indoors watching television.

[00:09:54]Her diet largely consist of bread and jam. Explain two ways in which Granit lifestyle could negatively affect the health of her bones. Now spending most of her time indoor means that she get little sunlight and we know that um vitamin D sunlight is very important in the production of vitamin D. So without vitamin D, this can um weaken our bones causing um well weaken our bones because you know that vitamin D helps the body to absorb calcium, right? And then the diet of bread and jam is is not suitable for the bones because it lacks very important nutrients such as calcium and protein. We know needed for strong bones which can lead um so without these um important nutrients it can increase the risk of um weak or brittle bones.

[00:10:53]Next one says identify two waterborn disease and we know we have a cola there are gastroenterteritis and we have what is called typhoid right so any one of those two would be good describe two steps involved in large water scale purification we know we can use a filtration where water is passed through layers um where water is passed through layers of sand and gravel to remove dirt and solid particles And we can use our chlorination.

[00:11:27]Um chlorine is added to water to kill harmful microorganism and bacteria.

[00:11:37]Um just to um filtration just to fix this filtration is passed through layers of sand and gravel filters.

[00:11:48]Seem like I left something there.

[00:11:50]filters.

[00:11:55]So it's passed through sand and gravel filters, right? To remove dirt and solid particles.

[00:12:04]Then now we say suggest three ways in which Caribbean household may contribute to water pollution. So we know dumping of garbage into the refriger drains, pouring chemical oils and detergent into water waste, improper disposal of sewage or waste water can all contribute to water pollution and there are of course others that you may have put stage three socioeconomic impact of water pollution.

[00:12:32]So we are now looking at how does water pollution affect the people and the economic. So increased spread of water born disease can lead to high medical cost because people be going to the doctor spending money. Loss of income from fishing and tourism. So water pollution kill our fishes. So there's nobody can sell fishes anymore to make money. Also tourism industry people may come to look at the coral reefs and all of these things. I know the coral reefs would die because of water pollution and it would lessen the amount of tourist that will come into a particular country. Then reduce productivity because sick persons may miss work or school. So because you're sick, you may miss work or school and that will contribute to of course low productivity in the country. And there can be others.

[00:13:30]Recommend three measures a family in the Caribbean could take to reduce water pollution.

[00:13:36]Properly dispose of garbage.

[00:13:39]Avoiding um avoid pouring oils, chemical and detergent into drains.

[00:13:46]and recycle and recycle and reuse um waste materials where possible. So we know we practice our recycling right there.

[00:13:59]And again I think this sad is somewhere here.

[00:14:11]So basically the same answers can go there. All right, next one. We say um the following statements are related to the type of cell division. Underline the statement which are true about meiosis.

[00:14:24]The offspring are different from each other. Yes, because meiosis um contributes to genetic variation.

[00:14:32]So of course we'll underline that offspring are identical. No, that's mitosis. Uh exchange of genetic material occur. That is correct. So these are the two that is exchange that does not occur that is mitosis.

[00:14:48]It says identify type of cell form as a result of miosis that's gamt or your sex cells. Says explain why microtubules must attach um to a homologous chromosome during metaphase of cell division. Now microtubules attach to homologous chromosome so that they can pull them apart evenly to the opposite side of the cell and that's what metaphase is all about.

[00:15:20]Remember right so remember when you're talking about metaphase right metaphase homologos chromosome line up at the center of the cell right so a microtubule attach the homologos chromosome so that they can pull them apart evenly to the opposite side of the cell this help each new cell get the correct number of chromosomes right so that's the whole purpose of the microtubules next one says Let's state the main reason why genetic variation is important to living organism. And of course, it increases the chance of survival and adaptation to changes in the environment. And we all know about the black ms in the industrial revolution.

[00:16:07]Right.

[00:16:09]Next one says, show pictures of the four stage um stages in the process of meiosis. So our first one is anaphase because right here we can see where the homologos chromosomes are pulled to the opposite opposite pole of the cell by the spindle fiber. So that is on anaphase. Here would be prophase because right here is the chromosome became visible and homologous pair up crossing over may occur right here. I usually occur right here. And we see our metaphase where homologos chromosomes um line up at the center of the cell.

[00:16:55]And we know a telophase chromosome reach opposite end and two new cell begin to form. And we can see that right there.

[00:17:04]It says um next one says state whether the pictures in figure three depicts meiosis one or meiosis 2. Of course it's meiosis one because the homologous chromosomes are being separated and not the sister chromatates and that is why we know it's miois one. Next one says state whether each of the cells depictked in telophase in figure three is hloid or diploid. And we know the cells are hide because in meiosis they contain half of the original number of chromosome after the homologus um chromosome separate.

[00:17:43]All right.

[00:17:44]You don't have to put all of this. I'm just explaining why. So of course you just need to put hide there and you just need to put um meiosis one here. That is just for explanation.

[00:17:56]All right. This one says down syndrome and part pat syndrome are both tricomy syndromes. In patar syndrome also known as tricomy 13. There are three copies of chromosome 13. using the relevant steps describe how the how the type of mutation that lead to pat syndrome can occur. So pat syndrome happens and chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis. So sex cells or gamt may receive an extra chromosome 13. Now when this gamt join with a normal gamt during fertilization the baby gets three copies of chromosome 13 instead of two copies and because the baby get three copy this causes what we call a pat syndrome. Now that of course is the easy um explanation you could give there. Of course, if you have a more biological um jargonish explanation like you probably could say that um during meiosis homologous chromosomes or sister chromatis failed to separate properly. You could say as a result one gamut receives an extra chromosome 13 while another gamt receive one less chromosome.

[00:19:25]When the gamt with the extra chromosome fuses with a normal gamt during fertilization, the zygote gets three copies of chromosome 13 instead of two and that results in tricom 13. So you know but I just put the easier um the easier description there. So it's always better to be you know using your jargon and all but if all jargon fail then simple ways to get your mark.

[00:19:59]All right. Next one says all living organism have characteristics in common.

[00:20:03]Of course we know all of these seven. So we just pick two. You can pick any two out of the seven you want. We pick respiration and reproduction.

[00:20:13]Um we know respiration is when organism release um energy from food to carry out life processes. We know reproduction living organism produce offspring of their own kind. Identify two structure which are found in plants which are not found in animals and then there's a whole lot of them. Feel free to put them in the comment section below what you put. Of course we have cell wall and chloroplast.

[00:20:42]Then we say Mr. X was uh promiscuous uh was pro promiscuous during his te te teenage years and did not practice safe sex. He is now 35 year years old and noticed that he's rapidly losing weight and has persistent cough and has frequent respiratory infections.

[00:21:05]Identify the condition from which Mr. X is most likely suffering and explain how this Oh my how this condition would have developed. Oh my. So Mr. X I'm sorry to say but you're suffering from HIV/ AIDS, right? And this condition may have may have developed because you are very pro promiscuous. You are having unprotected sex Mr. X with in with with an infected person and the HIV. We know that HIV attacks and weakens the immune system, right? So, it makes the body weak and invulnerable, right? Unable to fight infections properly that may be um may lead to the cough that you're having right there. And this can lead to weight loss and persistent cough and frequent respiratory infections.

[00:21:58]Right?

[00:22:01]Then now we say that recommend four ways in which Mr. X to manage this condition.

[00:22:06]We know big first one is to take your meds which is your ARVs right as prescribed.

[00:22:13]Then we say get adequate rest and exercise regularly. Eat a balanced diet, nutritious diet. Visit the doctor regularly for medical checkups and treatment. Right.

[00:22:26]Next one says, identify two clotting factors necessary for the process of blood clotting to occur and we know that's protrumb and fibbrinogen.

[00:22:38]All right. Next one. We say state the function of each clotting factor identified in AI. So we said for trombin change into trombin which helps in blood clotting and fibbrinogen we said change into fibbrin threads and we know that the threads form a mesh that traps the blood cells and help to seal the wound and stop the bleeding.

[00:23:03]It says tree says name the disease that will develop if one of the clotting factors is missing and we know that is hemophilia where the blood is is failed to clot or failure of failure of blood to clot right so the blood doesn't have clotting capabilities then it says identify the cellular component of blood that is required for blood to clot and of course we know that is our plate because it says cellular All right.

[00:23:34]Next one says, "Claire's RH negative blood and her husband Calvin of Rh positive blood. The couple is expecting a second baby. Given the blood types of Claire and Calvin explain how it may be possible for the baby to be still born. So, the baby may get um positive blood from the father, right? Because clear has a negative blood, her husband has a positive blood and the couple is expecting a second baby that mean they would have had a first they would have had a first child.

[00:24:09]So the baby may get a positive blood from the father while the mother has a negative blood. So remember the father has a positive blood and the mother has a negative blood. So the baby may get the positive or get the inherit the positive blood from the father while the mother has a negative blood still. So the mother body may think that the baby's blood is harmful and try to fight it. Right? So during the second pregnancy, this can hurt the baby's blood and make the baby very sick which may cause the baby to die before birth.

[00:24:48]All right? So that one would have been, you know, probably tricky for some people, but it's pretty simple, right?

[00:24:57]If we could look at it from a a more jargonish standpoint, we can say that the baby may inherit Rh positive blood from the father. We can say if some of the baby's Rh blood enters clears Rh negative blood, her body may produce antibodies against the Rh positive blood. In a second pregnancy, these antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cell and this can cause severe anemia and this may lead to the baby being still born.

[00:25:27]So that is a more jargonish definition.

[00:25:32]Right? Of course, you can always slow the video down if I'm going a bit fast.

[00:25:37]Next one says two years later, right? Claire is shocked. Let me just get that up.

[00:25:46]Get that out.

[00:25:48]Okay. So, two years later, Claire is shocked to learn that she has developed hypertension since she ex since she exercised regularly and maintains a strict and healthy diet. So, just three other ways in which Claire couldn't manage her hypertension. So, reduce stress and get enough rest. Avoid smoking and avoid drinking or consuming alcohol and of course taking prescribed medication. Right?

[00:26:19]And that's the end of our test. So guys, I hope you have done well. If you are new and you're preparing for exams, I hope this video helps you. Of course, you can always link us for classes um at a at a cost of course, very cheap cost. All right, so please put answers in the comment section below and we will see if you're right or you're wrong. All right, have a good one, guys. Stay blessed.