CHM256 AS1204B GROUP 1 VIDEO PRESENTATION

[00:00:00]We are from group 1 LS 1204B, will be presenting our CHM 256 video presentation topic 7, which is about application of chromatography in food coloring analysis.

[00:00:15]And these are our group members.

[00:00:21]>> Hello everyone. Today, we're looking at chromatography, an advanced analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify component within a mixture.

[00:00:30]Think of it in three simple steps.

[00:00:32]First, separation. It untangles a complex food sample into its pure individual compounds. Second, identification. It determines exactly what the chemical or nutrient is present. Third, quantification. It measures precisely how much of that compound is there.

[00:00:51]Let's look at the principle behind how this works. Chromatography is a dynamic separation system relying on a sample moving through two phases. First, the stationary phase, a fixed solid or liquid material inside a column. Second, the mobile phase, a moving liquid or gas that pushes the sample through. The chemical tug-of-war. Separation is a tug-of-war based on attraction.

[00:01:13]Compounds with a weak attraction to the column move fast and exit first.

[00:01:18]Compounds with a strong attraction stick and lag behind, exiting later. The chromatogram output. This results in a graph called a chromatogram. We read it using two metrics. First, retention time. When it appears tells us what the compound is. Second, peak area. How big the peak is tell us how much is present.

[00:01:41]>> Next, I'm going to talk about paper chromatography. There are three types of paper chromatograph.

[00:01:47]The first one is a column chromatograph.

[00:01:50]It relies on passing a liquid mixture through a solid absorbent packed inside a tube, causing different components to travel at varying speeds. Then second is the paper chromatography. It relies on capillary action to draw a solvent up through a piece of specialized filter paper, separating substances based on their different solubilities. And then third is the thin layer chromatography or also known as TLC. It involves spotting a sample onto a coated plate and allowing a liquid solvent to draw the sample up the plate through a capillary action.

[00:02:25]Next, I will talk about the real-life application of chromatography. Our group will be presenting about the food color analysis using paper chromatography.

[00:02:34]The purpose of chromatography in food color analysis helps to separate and identify different food colorings and food and beverages by measuring their RF values. Why is it important? Well, it ensures the food products contain only approved food dyes by detecting unauthorized or harmful color additives which can do harm to our health. And overall, it supports food quality control and consumer safety.

[00:03:01]This food color analysis using paper chromatography are commonly used in food manufacturing industries, food quality control laboratories, and the government food safety agencies.

[00:03:15]>> First, fresh leaves are cut into small pieces and the pigments [music] are extracted using acetone, petroleum ether, and calcium Sodium sulfate is added to remove any water and the extract is filtered. Next, the developing solvent [music] is prepared by mixing petroleum ether, petroleum ether, isopropanol, and distilled water.

[00:03:40]A baseline is drawn on the TLC plate and the leaf extract is carefully applied using a capillary tube.

[00:03:47]The TLC plate is then placed in the chamber until the solvent rises about 3/4 of the plate.

[00:03:54]Finally, the plate is removed, dried, and the separated pigments pigment bands are observed.

[00:04:02]This is an example of the TLC result after the experiment.

[00:04:07]Different leaf pigments are separated into distinct color bands because each pigment has a different polarity and solubility.

[00:04:15]The pigments that are less polar travel further with the solvent, while the more polar pigments remain closer to the starting point.

[00:04:25]This separation allows us to identify pigments such as [music] carotene, xanthophyll, chlorophyll A, and chlorophyll B, showing that the thin layer chromatography is an effective method to analyze the plant pigments.

[00:04:43]>> Chromatography is an important analytical technique used in the food coloring industry to separate, identify, [music] and measure different food dyes.

[00:04:52]One major advantage is food safety.

[00:04:54]Chromatography can detect banned or harmful coloring agents, helping manufacturers ensure that food products meet safety regulations.

[00:05:02]Another advantage is uh quality control.

[00:05:05]It accurately measures the concentration of [music] food colorings, so products like drinks, candies, and sauces have a consistent color in every batch.

[00:05:14]However, chromatography also have some disadvantages. [music] First, the equipment, especially high-performance liquid chromatography or HPLC, is expensive to purchase and maintain.

[00:05:28]Secondly, it also requires trained personnel uh to prepare samples, operate the instruments, [music] and correctly interpret the results, making the process more time-consuming.

[00:05:42]In conclusion, today's presentation have given us a comprehensive understanding of chromatography.

[00:05:49]We begin with introduction [music] to chromatography followed by its methodology and the principle behind how it separates the components of a mixture.

[00:05:59]We also look at example result to understand how chromatograms are interpreted. Explore the advantages and disadvantages of the technique, learn about the different types of chromatography, and discuss its real-life applications, >> [music] >> particularly in the food coloring industry.

[00:06:16]Overall, chromatography is highly effective analytical technique that plays a vital role in ensuring food safety, quality, and consistency.

[00:06:25][music] Although it has limitations such as >> [music] >> high cost and the need for skilled apparatus, its accuracy and reliability make it an essential tool in chemistry and many other industries.

[00:06:41]That's all for our group. Thank you.

[00:07:04]>> [music]