Revising CS110 2025 sessional paper ( excel and programming)

[00:00:03]All right students. So welcome to the lesson and in today's lesson we're going to [music] be revising uh this session of paper 2025 CS [music] 110.

[00:00:22]So like I said this revision is going to focus on equations for Excel and C++ programming since like these are the things which need a little bit of logic but these other things it's just some theories which you can answer if you've studied the information not okay so we are going to answer these two questions. So let's start with the question for Excel.

[00:00:56][music] So we have question one here and this question was a mandatory. Now imagine if you have no ideas about Excel. So before I even like read anything [music] about the question, I'm going to begin by telling you that the secret behind Excel uh is just [music] knowing the formula like a theory of Excel. It's like understanding the formulas like you know like there are [music] more than hundreds of formulas but you just need to understand the most important ones. Okay, that's why if you're on A+ Academy up there, this document is called Excel simplified notes. It's found under temp2 note. So, one thing I like about this document is it has like all the important formulas starting from or functions starting from here on page page 28.

[00:01:57]uh the sum if the if function, the count, like uh the important formulas are here and also here [music] at the end. this table like this table is having like literally the major ones you might want you to like um use other formulas but these ones these are the main ones like [music] the most important basic ones which they like asking of course Excel has got many formulas for [music] deep calculations which you can use maybe for forecasting like to predict maybe the future future outcomes based on certain data. There are those formulas for deep [music] calculations. Now, uh at your level, you don't really need those things unless these guys studying these other [music] courses. Yes, you guys, they just want like to familiarize you with uh like the concepts of formulas. So, they don't really go that deeper. Okay.

[00:03:07]So this table here it's having like important formulas and you'll see that most of the formulas I'll be using let me just say all the formulas that the that you are required to use for the equation one are here at least in this table.

[00:03:24]Yes. Okay. So let's go back.

[00:03:28]Okay. So this is the question.

[00:03:32]So I'm using this phone to record.

[00:03:36]Uh well the reason why I'm doing [music] this I want to show those people who say that you need to have um a computer for you to like survive any.

[00:03:46]So for you who don't know I know the majority of you are aware that there's this app called sheets.

[00:03:54]Not cheat sheets that you are thinking about. I'm talking about cheats with double e.

[00:04:00]Uh where is it?

[00:04:03]this one Google sheet. I don't know if you can see it. Let me show you the the icon of the app.

[00:04:11]So this one I've cled. So go on play store and search Google Google Sheets.

[00:04:18]So [snorts] this Google sheets when you open it click on this plus here to then when you click there uh it will bring new spreadsheet. So a spreadsheet will be created for you and in that spreadsheet you can run any Excel formula that you know it's like you are creating an Excel document. Yes.

[00:04:46]Okay.

[00:04:48]So me I'm going to open this one. I've already like um let me get rid of this.

[00:04:58]Let me delete. Okay. So I've typed the data which they give us. I hope you can see.

[00:05:06]So this is the data which they have given us in the question. Z junctions on sales. Now let me go back to the question and read.

[00:05:16]Okay. So question one saying saying that you're the manager of Z junction electronics you maintain a monthly sales and one more thing before I even proceed Excel is very important um like uh we living in the world of technology any job is involving the use of computers and the Excel is the is a software which is used like in every industry to keep data to data records like to record information about the employees, you need this information about the business of the company, whichever department you'll be working in. And if it is you guys who maybe have those dreams of one, maybe in future you want to be promoted, you start working in offices, you are working with computers. Those people you see in offices with computers, they use this software to to record information at any company or in any industry. Okay.

[00:06:18]So like uh you being exposed in first year it won't be hard in future to learn and there are other softwares which you'll be using like um there's axis database it is also a software and it is another software which is usually used and uh if you understand one software one microsoft software then it will be easy for you to work with those. So like you need to pay attention okay let's proceed. So they're saying that you maintain a monthly sales record for your sales team.

[00:06:53]The table below shows a sales in Zambian currency for the first 3 months of the year. You want to perform some simple analysis on the sales. Carefully examine the table and answer the questions that follows.

[00:07:10]Okay. So this is the data given us. So, so look on the exam it will be theory.

[00:07:18]Whatever I'll be doing on the exam you'll be writing me I'll be like doing it in a practical way so that you can understand. Okay. So instead of me recording a video I'm just writing I want to be demonstrating whatever we'll be doing so that you can you can understand Excel properly for you guys who haven't really practiced it a lot.

[00:07:41]Okay. So the first one they're saying write an Excel formula for cell G4. I'm sure by now you know that G is um used to present the column and for the row. Okay. So to calculate they want they're saying that write an Excel formula for sale G4 to calculate the total sales for John Ber using the plus operator adding January, February and March sales individually.

[00:08:16]Okay, this is very simple.

[00:08:19]So they want you to find the sum. But you know that uh for you guys who have studied. So when you come to your what's this to your Google Sheets app what you do is you are going to click in this cell G4.

[00:08:41]Then here enter text or formula.

[00:08:43]Remember that I'm sure by now you know that to enter any formula you need to start with an equal sign right like this then after you do this so they want you to find what the sum by adding the what the sales in January February March okay so we going to use the concept of referencing when you're writing a formula So instead of you writing the exact figure 1,200 + 1,500 instead of you doing this 1,200 plus 1,000 you are going to be using referencing of sales whereby let's say I want to say 1,200 instead of writing 1,200 you're going to refer arrange it by saying it's in uh G F E. That's in in D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D4, right?

[00:09:53]Let me check B C. Yeah, D4. Okay. So, you're going to say you start with an equal sign, then you say D4 plus instead of saying 1,500, you're going to reference it. The cell where 1,500 is is which cell? And when you're describing a sale, you start with um the column, the the letter presenting a column and the number present in a row, which is this is going to be E4, right? So it's going to be E4 plus F4, right?

[00:10:43]F4.

[00:10:46]Okay. Then you click on like this.

[00:10:52]So have you seen the formula I've entered? So if you're someone who's practicing, you want to see like is this happening where there's this this mark how to pronounce this this mark symbol here.

[00:11:09]Just click on it. Then boom.

[00:11:11]4,000 will appear. It has just summed us the sales for John Ber of the 3 months, right? So this is one of the the ways in which you can find the sum. Okay. So like uh now some of you might be wondering why have I done this instead of using the sum function because there's this function sum like this and and you just put in the the refering sales which you want to add you pass them inside the the bracket. So the the reason why I've done this is is because of this when you come here they have specified that use the plus operator unless they specify that use the sum function okay unless they have specified that use the sum function and there are many functions like I said okay so usually they will try to give you a hint so let's go to B so what I just wrote is the formula you have to write on your exam and you just have to write it. You don't need to do what I'm doing. I'm just doing this so that you can understand. Okay. So, we I've showed you the formula for for A, right? So, let's go to B. They're saying write an Excel formula for cell G4 to calculate the total sales for John Ber using sum function with argument separated by commas. So, let me show you one thing about this sum function. this formula.

[00:12:51]So this sum there are two ways of using it. It's either you pass in a range or you pass in the referring cells. You know the concept of referencing right?

[00:13:02]What what I was just doing referring a certain cell. Yes. It's ether you pass the referencing cells separating them by commas.

[00:13:16]Since I think they have asked the question for using the range so I'll show you. So the reason why they have specified is there are two ways of using the sum okay if they haven't specified feel free to use any.

[00:13:29]So the it's either you use the one of separating by commas or the other where you pass a range when you pass a range you usually separate two referencing cells by the full colon. I'll show you when I go to question C.

[00:13:50]Okay. So you're going to say sum. Then you just pass in the cells having the values. The reference let me say you know the word reference is very important because I'm referring to what is in the cell. So I'm going to pass in the reference to the sales having the values which we want to add. And the first one is what easy D for right they have said for who they have said for yeah John Ber okay so I'm going to say D4 then I'll separate by a comma then I'll say BCT E4 four separate by comma then F4 right okay like this then click on equals have you seen we have still gotten the same thing so like these are some of the ways in which you can sum things up okay now the easiest one like the most efficient one is range because range you just like uh pick the range of I mean Yeah, select the range which you want to be added like the range of values which will need to be added instead of having to enter one by one. I'll show you how effective it is which is I think uh what they have asked on um C. So you just write this formula on the exam. Just write this. They just want to see the formula if you know the formula. Okay? Don't don't explain anything. Just write them the formula.

[00:15:33]So this is how these two for these two formulas are like um can be used. Okay?

[00:15:39]So see they're saying write an Excel formula for cell G10.

[00:15:45]So where's G10? Okay. We are going to come back to calculate So to calcate the total of all sales in column G let me do this using the sum function with cell range as the argument.

[00:16:07]Okay.

[00:16:09]So, so for this one to be found since as we are practicing right I I need to show you I will like I need to show you that it is working then after I'm done then after I'm done showing you then I I'll just show that you write this for me. So for for this to work we need to find the total sales which are for all these people for John Ber Mary Zuru for Peter Mo Grace Perry David we need to find the total so I'm going to pause this video I have a formula for you who are using a if you're using a computer this formula which I've written just position your mouse I mean the case of your mouse at the bottom Have you seen this cell where I've written the formula? So you can replicate this formula by um putting the case on the bottom right corner on the what is called the cross air or the fuel and then drag it down. Okay.

[00:17:17]The formula will be replicated instead of having to redo it again. Okay.

[00:17:26]Instead of having to type the formula again, you can use that shortcut.

[00:17:44]All right.

[00:17:46]So, I've just found out the total sales for all these sales representatives.

[00:17:54]So instead of having again to do it manually, I had to use the formula in each of the cells. So it's even easier if you're using a computer. Maybe I just don't know how to do it on the phone, but I just had to retype the formula and change the sales reference in this cell.

[00:18:13]Try to observe the the formula change here.

[00:18:18]So I had to change the numbers for the rows. Okay. So now, right now we have the the total sales, right? So let's go back to the question. Let me just read it again. So they're saying, write an Excel formula for cell G10.

[00:18:36]So G10 is here. [clears throat] Uh G is here. Yeah, this is cell G10. So this is what the formula is going to be.

[00:18:46]So they're saying write an Excel formula for cell G10 to calculate the total of all cells in column G using the sum formula with a cell range as an argument. So let me tell you something. Let me maybe click here. Have you seen this this formula I was using?

[00:19:13]>> [clears throat] >> Uh let me just check what is it that is wrong here.

[00:19:18]Okay. So I'm giving an example of this sum formula. So you know as I'm explaining I want you to focus uh your eyes should be more focused on this formula input.

[00:19:29]This one this is where I'm showing the work which you need to be right on your exam on your exam is not practical. It is theoretical. Okay. So all these things I'm doing you have to be imagining them in your head. Yes.

[00:19:43]You you won't go with your phone or your computer there. No, you just go with your pen and you'll be given an answer sheet. So where I've just echoed is where you should focus. So I've just typed a function of sum as an example. I want you to understand what an argument is. An argument is what you pass between the these um bracket this these things between the bracket.

[00:20:12]Let me show you let me say call it like I've seen the sum function ah like between whatever comes between these brackets these are called the arguments that you pass. So I was telling you that uh for the sum function it's either you pass the argument separated by the what the commas like we did or you use the range.

[00:20:38]So now how do you use the range? What is a range? Like uh why is it even called the range? So arrange will save you from a lot of time because you know um a realistic case can be like you have like a lot of columns and you don't manage to be typing maybe imagine you have like 50 columns and imagine you have to type each one from starting maybe from A8 B8 maybe up to I don't know where it is even going to end from I don't know if it will reach later Z8 like imagine having to type all these ABC DS so like [clears throat] range will save you from doing all those things. You just give like a range. I want the values in this row which are between this column and this column.

[00:21:23]That's what or which are between this cell and this cell. We give a range starting from this cell ending to this cell. We just keep a range.

[00:21:32]Like imagine instead of us having to to to type each sale D8, E8, F8, we just say I just want to sum from D8 to F8. You just type two cells, two referencing cells. You just type them and then it will save you from time, right? It's wasting a lot of time typing. [clears throat] Okay. So now let's use the range they have said in G10, right? Where is G10?

[00:22:07]G10 is here.

[00:22:12]Okay. So as you can see uh here is G10.

[00:22:22]So we need to use the sum of course but this time we are going to pass the the a range now a range I'm not saying we're going to type range as a word range no right so we are here so I'm going to say starting from what uh G8 eight.

[00:22:52]So [snorts] I'll come here and I'll say starting from G8 no G4 to G8 G4 then you separate by the what the four colon the last cell where the sum should end from it is G8.

[00:23:16]So we say G8 and my god I forgotten whenever I write in a formula I start with an equal sign then I'll say equals. So it has calculated for us instead of you having to type in no G4 plus G5 plus G6 up to 7. Now imagine if you're ending maybe up to G00 you type G from G1 to 100. But range will save you from all those things. Okay.

[00:23:49]Um let's go to the question.

[00:24:00]So we are now going to go on question what question D. Write an Excel formula for cell G1 to calculate the average total sales of all the sales representatives.

[00:24:15]I don't know if that's what it is meaning sale rep like sale representatives right okay so they want you to find the average we are on question what D okay so we just going to find the average in G11 okay so let's go to our Excel Okay. So, average sales it is a G11, right? I hope you're following.

[00:24:52]So, let me come in my input. Then I'll I'm going to say I'm going to use the function called the average function.

[00:25:05]And whenever you using any of these functions, always start with a capital letter.

[00:25:11]So make sure that you type it. But if you're using Excel, uh they they will suggest for you as you typing.

[00:25:20]So for average, you pass a range. Okay?

[00:25:25]You pass a range as well. So the same way we did from G4 to G8, right?

[00:25:31]Starting from the values in G4 to values in G8 G4 ending at values in G8 right the average so this is the average sales now I I'll repeat you what you should be writing are the formulas not the outputs I'm getting you they asking for the formulas they won't ask you necessarily like uh what can be the value? I doubt maybe for some formulas like the if formula I think they and you know what they do sometimes uh let me give you a hint of how they they bring theoretical questions on Excel sometimes they will write they will maybe give you data like they did then they will give you they will write for you a formula and and ask you what can be the output for this that's why you need to understand imagine they just maybe tell you if we if a user runs average person in this range what do you think will be the output they ask such kind of a question as theory they will ask you they can ask you that chances are very high like uh this year 2025 they were lucky that them they asked them to just write the formulas okay um so let's go to uh e write an Excel formula for cell G12 to find the lowest total sales in column G.

[00:27:14]So and I don't know if you've observed like anyways maybe I'll say that at the end. Okay. So now you if you've mastered the the functions which are in that table which I gave you that table which I showed you on the A+ Academy app document uh it is having like literally all the formulas that you need to answer these two questions. Yes.

[00:27:37][clears throat] So here they just want us to know the Excel formula.

[00:27:43]Yeah. For the lowest total sales.

[00:27:47]So you need to know that there is a formula called max and mini. I mean the function called max and min. In this situation the mean formula it will give you the the minimum like the lowest cell or lowest value of whichever range you pass between. So you pass the range of values or or referencing cells. Then it is going to check which cell is having the lowest value.

[00:28:20]Yes. Then it will give you the value which is the lowest in this situation.

[00:28:25]The total sales. I hope you understand.

[00:28:27]I'm not using any deep English here. I'm just using basic English. I I know some of you are afraid of computer but it's not really that hard. Yeah. Just a matter of maybe understanding and practicing. Okay. So let's go to to our to our Excel.

[00:28:47]So here in mini cell which is the G they have said what? Yeah G12 G12. Click on the input.

[00:28:59]Click on the input and you say mini since you're looking for the minimum. Ah, start with an equal sign. Make it a habit of starting with an equal sign. Then you say mini. Have I even done that?

[00:29:23]So I'll say equal sign.

[00:29:28]The moment you type with an equal sign, Excel will know that this person is writing the formula.

[00:29:34]So mini, let me click here. Then you pass the range.

[00:29:40]So we'll say G4 to G8, right? Because we're looking for um minimum value of these numbers between this range.

[00:29:50]So you say G 4 and G G5.

[00:30:01]No, G8.

[00:30:09]Um so like you can see [clears throat] running the formula it has given us what 3,500 as the lowest value between that range.

[00:30:19]I'm sure the next question they're asking about the maximum which is F. They're saying write an Excel formula for cell G13 to find the highest total sales in column G.

[00:30:32]Yeah. So they just want to know the highest and for the highest you use the max and these are simple formulas I think because you know like um in programming you must a lot of formulas [clears throat] like real I don't know maybe here at first you just having basic programming but for you are making it to bank too you'll find real programming whatever you're doing in first year the C++ it is just they're just scratching your head you'll be required to master functions a lot of functions to just write [clears throat] a complex program okay anyways but these are just basic things these are basic functions so let me run this so that's the maximum value [snorts] okay we proceed so they're saying G write an Excel formula uh for G uh okay for G14 to count the number of sales representatives or reps listed in column B.

[00:31:45]Okay, but [snorts] they saying excluding the header.

[00:31:50]So like uh here they have deliberately said it because they don't want you to count even the header. So right now we're just counting how many cells were there in column B.

[00:32:05]So like uh here the function to use is the count the count I mean the function for counting. So there are three functions for counting. Let me go to the that document on the A+ Academy app. I want to show you something.

[00:32:23]So this document make sure that you go through it. Okay. So have you seen here?

[00:32:28]These are the functions to use when counting. There's count what? There's just count, there's count a, count blank and count if. So like uh this document has explained when to use each. So if you just use count, count count will only count the cells that contain numbers. So if a cell is containing like words like maybe a name of a person, this function if you just use count that one number one, it won't count it. But secondly, there is count A. Count A, it will count cells that are not empty. So as long as in the cell there's something, even if it's a number, a letter, a Y, a symbol, it is going to count it. Then count blank. It count cells that are blank. Have you seen? So maybe they can ask you which Shan was not recorded was blank or maybe like they can give you like a different variety of data. So make sure that you go through this document. Okay.

[00:33:27][clears throat] And um there's also count if maybe if you want to count where there's a certain condition. Maybe you want to count people where who got above 90%. Or those who made maybe sales above a certain figure. You just want to count only them. This is where count if where there's a condition of counting. Not just counting anyhow you're counting on a condition basis. That's when you use count if. Now uh since this video is just for solving I won't really waste much of the time like teaching or I'll just make maybe a separate video teaching Excel. I don't know if if you guys will need that uh if it is necessary but yeah do practice these formulas. Okay. [clears throat] So so now I want you to think between I mean among these four which one do you think is the formula we going to use?

[00:34:17]Let's go back to the question. So this is where the majority screw up. You need to understand the question. They saying that write an Excel formula for cell G14 to count the number of cell reps listed in column B.

[00:34:32]So if you look at column B [clears throat] is having not numbers but uh things in letters right not in numbers. So we won't use count. If you use count you get things wrong. Instead we use count a because count will count anything right?

[00:34:49]Even if it's not a number.

[00:34:53]So this is going to be recorded in G.

[00:34:54]They have said G1.

[00:35:02]Where are we? G14.

[00:35:05]Now imagine getting okay but these are free marks. So imagine the table I've just showed you. If you were to memorize it this day you're writing the exam you memorize it like you master it. Then you guys getting two marks to just write a formula.

[00:35:23]Yeah. Yeah. [sighs] So let's go G write an Excel formula. So it is uh in G14 where we're writing the formula.

[00:35:33]Where is it? Yeah. H I think we screwed up somewhere.

[00:35:55]Okay.

[00:36:02]Looks like I've deleted the formula.

[00:36:05]There's somewhere I have made a mistake.

[00:36:07]I've Okay, we are suming up. Let me just um pause this. Okay, so now let's uh write the formula and you know uh I'll show you when I write the formula.

[00:36:23]There's something I want to talk about.

[00:36:26]Ah okay. So we start with an equal sign.

[00:36:30]So to count, so we are using count a, right?

[00:36:36]count a with a capital letter a then let me do this. So we are passing a range because we are trying to count things between a certain range.

[00:36:48]So so we are counting they have said in B right in column B. So you only need to count sales rep who are there meaning starting from the names. If you look at this column there's a row where the sales rep then there's another row John Ber and so on. That's why they specifically said excluding the what the header.

[00:37:14]So mean that when passing near the range don't include the cell where sales rep is don't.

[00:37:22]Okay. or the the row the entire row where sales rep is don't even include it. You need to start from John Ber in which cell is John Ber in John Banda is in cell B.

[00:37:42]Um that's B4 to to David.

[00:37:49]And uh if you're watching this video and your name is John, Mary, Peter, Grace, David, uh say hi in the comment section there.

[00:38:00]But comment with hi. I want to see you.

[00:38:05]So up to B to B8.

[00:38:11]So even say boom five.

[00:38:15]It is even making sense because there are five people involved.

[00:38:21]So you know how they can ask you on the exam maybe they'll give you data like this they'll just say what will be the output of the formula this one which is which we having so it will be up to you to apply what you've understood and for this video I'm assuming you have understood the excel of me I won't start from scratch but I'll try to explain in such a way that even if you don't have ideas you can get something at least is Excel hard especally The Excel you guys are having this is very simple.

[00:38:52]There's advanced Excel guys like there's advanced Excel Excel course ask these people doing computer they'll tell you they will go deeper like through the the those formulas and also uh the deal with the graphs you how you can put data on the graph on the pie chart all those things they go deeper like that so whatever you're doing this is just the basics it shouldn't be given a dick.

[00:39:27]Okay.

[00:39:30][snorts] So, we've I've showed you the formula, right? So, so you just write the formula.

[00:39:36]So, let's go. Let's go. They are saying write [sighs] an Excel formula for sale H4 to calculate the commission for John Ber using the commission rate in H12 with absolute um referencing.

[00:39:58]Okay. So, so there's a a concept you need to understand of absolute referencing. So there's mixed referencing, relative referencing and absolute referencing. So maybe try to research about this. But if I'll make video if I'll make video lessons about Excel, I'm going to teach all these things. But maybe for now, I'll familiarize you with absolute referencing.

[00:40:22]So and and relative referencing.

[00:40:26][clears throat] So they want you to write the formula to calculate the commission for John Ber for the sale H4 given the commission rate is so you know it's like this uh if you've understood this data it's it's like this it's like um there was a company this company was hiring people to be selling stuff for them they maybe they were going in field to sell and these are called the sales representatives.

[00:41:02]Okay. So like what we are seeing here is that each person they are showing us how much they sold in January like the this is the currency this is like in quatcha that's why they said zmk okay now these people whenever they sell they would make a certain commission from the sales okay now this commission was been calculated by multiplying the total sale of each person times The commission rate if you've ever worked in the booth before money agent there's a certain rate commission rate which you get whenever you perform a transaction you you you deposit or someone withdraws to you right there's a certain percentage which which the the ISP which can be at MTN whichever you are working with as an agent they have a rate which they follow so even here Now in the question they haven't given us a rate. Now since me I want to be more practical. I want you to be visualizing the data because they can ask you questions which are requiring you to visualize or maybe to see the output. That's why I'm being practical right now. So I'm going to come up with my own rate.

[00:42:21]So let's see.

[00:42:23]So so in the question they have said what? Let's go back. They have said that uh in the question they have said write an Excel formula for sale H4 to calculate the commission rate for John Ber using the commission rate in H. So let's go to H15. Where is it? So H15 my god. So H15 is somewhere here.

[00:42:53]So there was a certain rate but they haven't given us for this question. Now I'm going to come up with my own rate.

[00:42:59]Let's say the rate was 0.2.

[00:43:03]So this means that whenever anybody sells something I mean whenever you you whatever you sell whatever your total sales is you will get 2% of that total sales.

[00:43:19]But usually in some businesses they pay and I'm being realistic for you guys who have never been employees before who have never worked for someone. Usually when you're getting paid they pay you less than 30% of your contribution. In case you don't know being an employee that's how it is. Uh if you ask anyone who has been an employer before or they have been employees for like a long time they will tell you the logic.

[00:43:46]Even in the company, let's say maybe you're getting employed as an engineer, you're getting paid 50,000. Whatever you're getting paid is just less than less than 30% of your contribution. In fact, if it's a company, it's even little maybe 1% or 10% of whatever you're contributing. So, I'm being even realistic. Okay?

[00:44:11]So, 0.2%.

[00:44:15]Now let's go back to the question. So the question is saying that um where is it? I can even forget. Okay, I'm on H. So they saying they want us to write the formula for John Ber in H4. H4 is okay. So to calculate the commission since I've explained to you how commission is is calculated I'm sure you know I've said that uh they will give you a percentage of the sales right that you've made. So mean that I'll get the total sales for this person. Now this is the formula you're supposed to write and if you're using this app maybe I'll make a video when I start making video lessons for Excel I'm going to teach even how to navigate this app.

[00:45:07]So have you seen where I've se I want to sec something here not there.

[00:45:17]So where is this ABC?

[00:45:21]So if you want to start typing numbers, tap on ABC, it will change I think to 1 2 3. Let me show you. So like this time it is only showing numbers. If you want to type uh maybe uh letters, click on ABC. It will show the keyboard for typing letters. And if you want to again to type numbers, click on 1 2 3.

[00:45:50]I hope you get it. But me, I would prefer just having this keyboard because it has everything that I need. Okay.

[00:45:59]So for commission for this person, it's going to be so we going to reference the sale where there is total sales for this person. Who is this person? John Ber.

[00:46:12]So the total sales is in G4, right? So I'll say G4.

[00:46:20]Now there's something I'm going to explain to you absolute differencing how you're going to apply it G4 and you need to also understand in Excel the operators you need to know I mean the mathematical operators for plus minus times exponential. Let me let me show you in that document on the A+ Academy app.

[00:46:44]My god. Let me pause the video.

[00:46:48]Okay. Have you seen this document on the A+ Academy app? So like uh on page 20 I think 21 22 these operators you need to know them.

[00:46:59]Maybe they might give you uh entering a formula which is having exponentials.

[00:47:05]Yeah. But just be familiar with them or dividing.

[00:47:09][snorts] So make sure that you use the proper symbol. Okay. So since we multiplying for multiplying don't use this times these times. No don't do that. Use this.

[00:47:22]This is called an asteric. This symbol is called an asteric symbol in in programming. This is called an asteric symbol.

[00:47:34]Then we multiply by the rate. Now where is the rate? The rate is here 0.2 which I've just come up with to make this more practical. It is in H15.

[00:47:46]So if we click on equals so mean that um John Ber is going to get the commission of 800 the the remaining amount is going to go to the boss. The boss is going to show it. [snorts] Okay. So now if you are to write like this they will mark you wrong. Do you know the reason why?

[00:48:09]Because they have said absolute referencing. Let me go back to the question.

[00:48:13]If you look at the question, they have specified that with absolute referencing.

[00:48:18]Listen, if they didn't say absolute referencing, you you should you should just do this and that's the end. Now, if they have specified absolute referencing, just know that you you need to do something.

[00:48:34]Okay? Or if they said relative referencing you can just end here. This is just okay. I mean you can write this.

[00:48:40]This is correct. But if they have said absolute referencing don't just end here. There you need to modify this formula a little bit by introducing the dollar sign. I'm going to explain why.

[00:48:53]The dollar sign in front of H. Another dollar sign behind H. I mean I mean ah I don't know if it's in front or behind.

[00:49:03]dollar sign behind H and another dollar sign in front of H.

[00:49:08]Now you might be wondering why have I done this? What do you mean? Why why are the dollar sign come into into our vocabulary?

[00:49:18]So um I think people who can understand this properly are the people using a computer. If you don't have a computer, this concept I'm about to explain, if you want to see it in action, uh if you want to practice this on the phone, maybe I don't know how to, but I'm more familiar with uh doing this on a computer. Okay, so we need to understand this. Do you know that let's say let's go back to Okay, let me do this.

[00:49:47]I want to explain the concept of absolute refing and relative refineing these two concepts. Have you seen I've gone back to G4 at first this is the first formula I entered right now do you know that instead of having to type the formula again here you type here you type in each cell you type it you can just type in one cell then replicate this this cell mean that the formula will be replicated in these other cells which the formula is needed in do you get it and if you're using a computer Excel on the computer you need to put your case. Have you seen this box? This cell which the active typed the formula take the case on the bottom left corner I mean bottom right corner. This have you seen this box? This box is having um this box right here. It is having some sort of a circular thing on the bottom on the bottom right corner. Have you seen it? So put your mouse there and it will bring some sort of an hair casera something looking like a plus. Then hold click on um on there on your mouse left click and hold then drag while holding be dragging down to the cells where you want that formula to be replicated.

[00:51:17]Okay. And wherever you put the the mouse is called the fill handle. What you're dragging is called the fill and in case I don't know if they ask these questions for you guys. Okay. [clears throat] So when you do that, that that formula will be replicated without you having to type it. And when you're replicating, have you seen the referencing in the in the G4? Uh D, D4, E4, and F4 in in G5, uh D5, E5, F5. Have you seen the way the the numbers are changing?

[00:51:55]and in G6, D6, E6, F6. So when you replicate, Excel is going to automatically handle this for you. It's going to even change the figures.

[00:52:07]As you are replicating in the next cell, it's going to change to D5. Let's look at D. The next cell is going to be D6 without you having to type it by just replicating the formula.

[00:52:20]So now when you're replicating the formula to the next cell, Excel automatically increases the the number coming after a letter in whichever argument you've passed. So if I were to replicate this formula, let's say this formula didn't have a dollar sign.

[00:52:40]If I were to replicate this formula in the next in this next column, I mean the next cell for the next sales representative, it's going to increase the number. G G4 will become G5.

[00:52:56]>> Too many notes. I'm never going to finish this.

[00:52:58]>> Enter the A+ Academy app. Learn physics, chem, math, and bio at my own pace.

[00:53:07]>> Okay. So like I've explained that if you to replicate this formula to the next tail this which is H4 no H5 ah let's do this H15 Okay, let me do this.

[00:53:42]Okay. So I'm saying that this formula if you to replicate it to the next cell automatically Excel while you're replicating for you guys who maybe still don't understand what I mean replicating the formula. Uh maybe but I'll make videos for it. You can try to maybe look for a video explaining that. Just search somewhere like search maybe here on YouTube or on Google how to replicate a formula in Excel from one cell to the other. Yes, you understand what I I'm talking about. So if I to replicate this to the next cell, Excel is automatically going to increase from G4 to G5 and from H15 to H16.

[00:54:29]So that happening whereby when you replicate the formula Excel increases the the value of the role in the reference that is passed in the formula. It is what is called relative referencing.

[00:54:46]The concept of relative referencing is it just describe the behavior of Excel increasing the figures when you're replicating the formula. Increasing the numbers accompanied by the letter representing a column increasing these numbers is what the concept of relative referencing means. I don't know if the English is not maybe that clear but I'm trying my level best to keep it simple.

[00:55:12]Let me me say that say that again. When you are replicating the formula from one cell to the other, Excel automatically increases the value of the row. This for example G4 will increase to G5 and H4 will increase to H6 like that and so on. Even in the next uh cell it was going to be just increasing still you where you're ending replicating at. So this behavior of Excel doing this is what is called what?

[00:55:44]Referencing I mean relative referencing.

[00:55:47]Now there's a way in Excel to avoid that. Let's say if you want that I don't want H15 to change like we want even if we replicate even if we replicate to the next cell to be referencing to the same H15 because the rate the commission rate is in H15. it is not anywhere else because if you replicate this to the next cell H15 will increase to H16 which will be an empty cell. So we want if we replicate this formula the H15 not to be tempered with. So to do that we put a dollar sign behind H and another dollar sign in front of H.

[00:56:32]So by doing this if you replicate this formula you observe that only G4 will change will be changing H15 will be just stuck meaning that no matter how you replicate this formula H15 won't change will still be referring to the same cell which is having 0.2 to that is absolute referencing. So by doing this by just putting the dollar sign behind H and in front of H I've already applied the concept of what absolute referencing.

[00:57:03]Maybe if you not to do this maybe they can give you a half mark. But the way I know this department they just mark you wrong for just forgetting to add these mad dollar signs.

[00:57:11]Okay. [clears throat] So what I've just written right now is what you're supposed to write as your final answer. this formula.

[00:57:20]Let's proceed to the next question.

[00:57:26]So this is an interesting question. They're saying write an Excel formula in column one starting in in what in in 14 that displays high that displays high. If sales rep total sales are greater than 5,000 otherwise low use if function. So if even if they didn't say use and you know you guys they kept it simple for you they even telling you the function to use you don't instead of you memorizing it. So even if they didn't tell you when never in a position whereby you have to maybe to like how do I say this to display certain information based on a certain value based on on a certain condition of some values think of using if I think if I make a lesson for Excel these things I'll explain them properly Okay.

[00:58:41]Okay. So we are going to use if.

[00:58:44]So what's very important about the if function is understanding the arguments you pass in is to understand what arguments and yeah just understanding the arguments you have to pass in.

[00:58:57]So they're saying I in in I let me read the question again.

[00:59:08]an Excel formula in column I starting in 14.

[00:59:21]So 14 is right here.

[00:59:25]Oh, starting in I4. My god, this is I4, not 14. I would have been confused.

[00:59:33]So in column I I4.

[00:59:41]Okay. So they're saying what? Write an Excel formula in column I starting in for I4 that displays high if sales rep to sales are greater than. Okay. So we going to to type if in capital letters if start with an equal sign then say if so here are the arguments which will pass.

[01:00:17]So the first argument is the condition.

[01:00:20]What is the condition in this situation?

[01:00:22]Let's go back and read. So they're saying write an Excel formula in column.

[01:00:28]So the condition is that if uh the total sales of a certain person are greater than 500 it we need to display high. If they are less than five I mean if they are greater than 500 I mean not 500 where that coming from if it is greater than 5,000 we need to display high. If it is less than 500 it need to display low.

[01:00:59]So you're going to do this. So in the if the first argument you're going to pass actually this function you pass three arguments. So the first argument you're going to pass is going to be a condition.

[01:01:13]A condition which is going to say that if for this person if this person sells if this person sells so like the first person is what I mean he's who John Ber right John Ber the total sales for the first person is 4,000 4,000 is in which cell H4 So I'll say if whichever total sales which are in H4 are greater than.

[01:01:54]So what I'm writing right now is a condition are greater than 500. I mean 5,000. I don't know where 500 is coming from. Maybe someone today might send me 500.

[01:02:07][clears throat] So this is the condition. The condition is that this condition I mean the condition is that the total sales of the certain person has to be greater than 5,000.

[01:02:28]Now there are two possibilities of this condition. It's either this condition is met or it is not met. Okay. In mathematical terms we say it's either this condition is true or it is false.

[01:02:41]So if this condition is true, if this condition is met, we need to display high.

[01:02:52]So what I'm going to do is that so we need to display high, right? If this condition is met, whichever the condition, listen, I don't want you to memorize these things. I want you to understand them. This condition can be anything they can give you. Maybe it can be seen if a student has gotten above 100 I mean above 50 or below maybe 50.

[01:03:16]Maybe they can give you data involving students. Then maybe they ask you to apply this condition maybe to check if a student has gotten above 50 show that this person has passed. If below 50 this person has failed. So whenever there are two possible outcomes of the condition think of this formula. Okay. So the first condition is when it is true, right? When it is met, when that person has got a total sales of 5,000.

[01:03:44]So the question is saying that if this condition is true, if it has been met, we need to show high.

[01:03:53]We need to show high.

[01:03:55]So I'm going to type.

[01:04:02]Now this I have typed always and I repeat this I should be in the quotes double quotes not just any quotes you have you have two types of quotes you have double quotes and single quotes like this one so in Excel we use because we want to display high where the total sales are greater than 5,000 we'll be displaying since we are displaying these things and these since they are letters they are not numbers We need to use the the double quotes.

[01:04:35]Yes. So if you forget to put double quotes, you'll fail this question.

[01:04:40]You'll get it wrong. If you use single quotes again, you'll fail this question.

[01:04:44]You'll get it wrong. Then we say comma.

[01:04:47]So have you seen the first argument condition? Second argument if the condition is met or if it is true.

[01:04:54]That's the second argument. The third argument is if this condition is not met, what should we show?

[01:05:01]So if it is not met again we're going to show low right. So what we want to be showing if a condition is met or not met should be in double quotes like this. So let's run this.

[01:05:19]So as you can see it is showing low.

[01:05:31]Okay, it is showing low because this condition has not been met.

[01:05:40]Have you seen because this person has not gotten above 5,000.

[01:05:47]Let me check again.

[01:05:52]Yeah, greater than.

[01:05:57]Okay, now let me just change the numbers for this person.

[01:06:04]Uh, okay. Fine. Let me use this formula in maybe someone who got above 5,000.

[01:06:11]Let's say this person. Let me just copy the formula.

[01:06:19]Okay. So, I'm going to copy this formula.

[01:06:32][snorts] [sighs] So, I want to try for someone who got above 5,000 so that you can see that this formula is working.

[01:06:44]So this person is in H. So I'll put H7 here because this person the total sales is in Wait, what?

[01:07:04]Okay, I've made some miscalculations here.

[01:07:10]What is this?

[01:07:14]I mean this person it is in G not H.

[01:07:19]Let me just double check this format. I think I made a mistake on the first one.

[01:07:31]I think we screwed up here instead of using G. I don't know how I typed H.

[01:07:39]down.

[01:07:50]>> So it should be G, not H.

[01:07:59]Wait.

[01:08:00]So, so the total sales for this person is in G4.

[01:08:07]So if this total sales is greater than 5,000 if it is true it should show high. If it is false it should show low like it is showing there. I don't know why it is underlining.

[01:08:24]And for this person who got 5,4 for 450 since this person's total sales which are in G7 were above 5,000 it is showing high.

[01:08:43]Yeah. So this is how it's supposed to be. So I made a mistake here. I wrote H7 and here I I made I typed H Why am I making these unnecessary mistakes?

[01:08:58]You know, like I'm not used to using this app. So sometimes I don't know how these figures are where I'm clicking or this.

[01:09:08]Okay. So let me check the question. Write an Excel formula.

[01:09:20]Yeah. So on the exam the formula that we supposed to write is this one.

[01:09:26]This one is the formula to use and you can play around with these formulas. So let's go to the next question.

[01:09:35]Name any two other Excel formulas that can be used to quickly analyze sales performance in the table above other than the one covered in the questions.

[01:09:46]Analyze. So let's go back to the notes I showed you. So like uh that's why I said try to memorize these formulas.

[01:09:57]So you can maybe like the formula which hasn't been used is the formula maybe for product and we've used the one for average for counting we've used.

[01:10:18]Okay. Okay. So there are other there are two additional formulas which I wanted to talk about which are also very important. I'm sure they teach you. They are part of your syllabus. And these two formulas um [clears throat] the formula for rank rank formula it is used to rank things based on a certain criteria.

[01:10:39]Now looking at this question they just said name any two other Excel functions that can be used to quickly analyze.

[01:10:47]Yes. So you can talk about product, you can talk about I mean product formula, you can talk about um the VLOOKUP formula. So the other formulas that you should know additional formulas apart from the ones I've just showed you which are important VLOOKUP formula it is used to search. It acts like our search engine or search bar for the data instead of you having to like you know like um In real life, usually you'll be having like a lot of data. Instead of you having to scroll, you scroll maybe down through a lot of data, you can just say it's using a formula. So that's why there's a formula called the VLOOKUP formula.

[01:11:33]And there there's also a formula. Have they said to explain? There's also a rank formula. If you want to rank data based on certain condition that's the formula which they even use to rank number one who has passed number one and you know with Excel if you know maybe the total marks for maybe for each student you know the total marks using the rank function it can help you to rank from number one to number last in order. So you can even know who has passed number one, who has passed number 10, number what with the rank function, even the product function.

[01:12:14]I'll make videos I'm if I mean the videos which I'm planning to make teaching Excel, I'm going to teach these two formulas because they important at your level. They might be part of your syllabus. So write any any two other formulas which you know can be used to analyze even the formula for forecasting the but there are many formulas so but I think these these four I've mentioned they the major important ones >> first year courses stressing you out get access to solve materials and video lessons in all your subjects download the A+ Academy app and learn at your own pace [snorts] >> all Right. So let's now look at the second question involving C++. So the question is saying that you are tasked with writing C++ program that converts a temperature given in Fahrenheit to Celsius. The program should prompt the user to enter the temperature in Fahrenheit. Read the input value. Calculate the equivalent temperature in CC using the formula.

[01:13:23]this formula display the converted temperature in Celsius to the user simple program right so they're saying that please note the program below as most of the lines missing each comment in the code presents both the question number and a hint of what needs to be done in your answer booklet write the correct C++ code for each question number You must indicate the question number for every line of code you write. Each question is exactly one line of code.

[01:14:03]Ignore the structure of the program.

[01:14:06]And I saying that answers without question numbers or in a wrong casing will be marked wrong. So for those of you who are asking me that now when writing how I supposed to present your answers, I'm going to show you. Okay.

[01:14:23]So let's start. So like you've heard each so like we'll be commenting each comment ac then we write the code that is supposed to be there. So for you guys who are thinking that for you to do C++ you need a computer. You don't need to just go on play store.

[01:14:46]So go on play store and search for this app CXX Droid. And this app they have changed the name. It used to be called CPP Droid. Now they have changed to CXX Droid. This app here which I've just called with this icon.

[01:15:03]So this app so I've written in advance the the questions this question one I've commented out the questions. So only the those things which are not part of the program should be commented out. Okay.

[01:15:21]Then so from question one question up to question 12.

[01:15:28]But I'm following the structure of the program or the syntax the main function like that. Okay. So let's start question one. They're saying include the necessary library for input or output.

[01:15:47]So this one we start with ash include this symbol IO trim right.

[01:16:07]Ash include iOS stream.

[01:16:12]And I hope by now you understand the syntax of the syntax of C++.

[01:16:18]Okay. So like uh the reason why we include this library whenever we write a C++ program is because this library will enable us to be able to to print out and to get characters from the user like it will allow the the user to input characters which we can use for our calculations and also it will also allow us to be able to output to the user to be able to use those functions which enable us to do printing out or outputting out and importing the data.

[01:16:54]We need this imported. Okay, this is like a library which has got those functions which we use they found in this library.

[01:17:03]So like by just doing this you've gotten how many marks were there?

[01:17:07]two marks free two marks because this is easy and don't make a mistake of ending with the semicolon not here.

[01:17:18]So question two they're saying declare a constant called ratio and assign it to the value of that.

[01:17:28]So I'm sure by now you know how to declare a variable in C++ programming.

[01:17:35]So to declare a variable now they want us to declare a constant variable.

[01:17:45]So this one is quite tricky.

[01:17:50]So to declare a constant variable so a constant variable is a variable which is not going to be changed when the program is running.

[01:18:02]the the value which you assign to that variable is going to be the permanent value. It can't be changed. It is just going to be constant like that. It can't be outed. In most of the books I like using the word outed I mean outering the value assigned to that variable.

[01:18:19]So the we are declaring we declaring the constant variable called ratio.

[01:18:31]Now we are going to give this the data type. Even though data type is not specified, it is a trick with the views because for us to declare a constant variable.

[01:18:47]C++ demands us to to to also declare the data type or else we we are going to get a runtime error.

[01:18:59]So we now name the variable ratio. This is the name of the variable here.

[01:19:08]So con meaning this is a constant. I'm declaring double it is a data type.

[01:19:14]Okay. A data type is a double. Then the name of the variable ratio. Then we assign 0 what 0.556.

[01:19:26]Okay.

[01:19:29]we end with a semicolon.

[01:19:32]>> So if you're practicing try to run the code and if the program runs then just know there's no error anywhere. So just like this you get another two marks.

[01:19:43]Okay. So here they saying now do a single line comment that shows another way of declaring ratio when the data type double is indicated. So [snorts] this time they just want you to like uh come up with another way.

[01:20:02]Okay, come up with another way of declaring um the ratio variable. Okay, let's go back to question two. Uh let me just check the way it is. So they're saying declare a constant rat ratio I mean a constant odd ratio and assign it the value. No this one we are done right. Yeah they're saying do a single line comment that shows another way of declaring ratio.

[01:20:39]Another way of declaring ratio when data type double is indicated.

[01:20:48]So the other way if you're using data type of double the other way in which you can declare this variable is like this. If you look at the question carefully they haven't said if it is a constant.

[01:21:01]So this time you're assuming that it is not a constant because they haven't said it. So, I'm sure by now you know how to do commenting.

[01:21:17]Let me go back to the question.

[01:21:23]Yes. So we're going to just use this kind of commenting then we say it can it can be done like this double then ratio and the reason why ratio is a capital letter it is more like um [snorts] a systematic way of writing C++ codes whenever the variable you are writing is is meant to be constant we usually capitalize it. It's like a culture. Yes.

[01:21:57]Now, here since they haven't said it is constant and but they still want it to be capital data just to confirm. So, we're just going to do it anyways.

[01:22:12]So, say ratio then you say equal to So 0 556 if you want you can also write it as 5 / 9 but under one condition since you're dealing with a double it's going to be 5.0ide 0ide by 9 9.0 instead of 5 / by 9. Since we are dealing with a double, we are going to introduce 0. This is to avoid the final answer to be truncated where the decimals are ignored because we are performing some sort of a calculation to assign a value to this variable.

[01:23:15]So that's why we have we have to do this. So this is the other way in which you can do it.

[01:23:23]Okay. So question four they saying that um declare the standard name space. So I'm going to say using ah no so this kind of commenting I've used I need to close it by saying asteric yeah now we've closed the commenting okay so they're saying using name this using name space std then semicolon.

[01:24:12]Okay. So we've just declared the standard name space. So what this step means is that um uh it is the reason why we we write using namespace std is to avoid conflicting of uh tools or variables.

[01:24:33]Yes. In case maybe you are working with libraries. Let's say maybe in your program you make you working with like two libraries. Then maybe one function or yeah one function or name happen to be found in both libraries.

[01:24:50]Then one of the libraries is a an std library. This is a library where you find the functions for output and input.

[01:25:01]So to avoid conflicting C++ by writing this statement you tell C++ that if I use a function or a tool or a name to output to the user or to get input from the user it is coming from this std name space. Okay.

[01:25:26]Uh it's okay if you don't understand but for you guys who like understanding everything that's what it means. So just like this you've got question four correct then question five they're saying insert a one line in fact here just since they didn't specify the commenting it's okay you can use this kind of commenting okay a single line comment oh I didn't see So they specified use a single line comment. So you guys need to understand that there are two types of commenting like I just didn't see it.

[01:26:08]There's single line commenting and mline commenting. So single line commenting is where you start with two slashes then you write whatever you want to comment with.

[01:26:21]Then mline commenting is where is the one which I wrote like I didn't really see that they specified single and commenting.

[01:26:32]So single line and commenting you can only comment one line. But my outline commenting the one I initially wrote which looks like where you you you put this back slash then asteric then asteric this slash like between these two you can put many things. Okay, you can put many many things which want to comment out for the mouth line comment but for the single line comment for the single line comment you can't do this. Okay. So the mouth line comment allow you to comment like multiple lines in just a single comment. That's the mouth line. But single line you can only do it on one line in one line one line of code. You can only comment in one line of code. So question five they they're saying insert a one line mouth line comment explaining the purpose of the program. So they have said one line. So you when you're writing there in your book make sure that this stays in one line. But the kind of commenting should be mouth line just that my phone is small. So I had no other option but to go to the but still I'm in I'm in one line line 16. Have you seen Yes. So you write the purpose of the program. So here you can use your English. Let me see if they specify.

[01:28:07]Yeah. So use your English here. So like me I had to write this program converts temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius.

[01:28:16]So let's go to question six. They're saying declare the variable Fahrenheit of type float.

[01:28:24]Declare the variable Fahrenheit of the type float. So if you know to declare a variable. So if you know how to declare a variable.

[01:28:34]So we going to start by saying this is a float called foreign.

[01:28:42]We start with the capital letter. Let me let me just confirm. M yeah it should be in capital letter.

[01:28:53]So Fahrenheit Fahrenheit and um okay so the program has run. So just like this we've declared so you know the difference between um sometimes they just tell you to declare a variable sometimes they will tell you to also assign a value to that variable.

[01:29:26]So when declaring oh what is important is to just write write the data type which is float then the name of the variable which is Fahrenheit.

[01:29:39]If they didn't say also assign a value, no need to say equals this and that, no need. So let's go to question seven.

[01:29:46]Question seven, they have said declare the variable of type double and initialize it with a value. And uh the process of assigning a value to a variable is called initializing in case maybe they ask you. So there declaring what I've just done on question six is just declaring when you you say equal to this and that value you have initialized that variable. The variable is initialized. So this variable on question six finite it is not initialized.

[01:30:20][clears throat] These terminologies are very important if you're learning programming.

[01:30:25]Okay. So version seven they're saying declare the variable of the type double. So if you know the the way you initialize is you start by first declaring right. So since they have said it has to be a double going to say double. So whatever I'm typing you are supposed to be writing them with your pen.

[01:30:48]So I'm going to say double.

[01:30:53]And then the next thing that I'm going to say is the name of the variable is called what? Celsius. Right.

[01:31:03]Celsius.

[01:31:07]Then I'll say equal to 0.0 semicolon.

[01:31:17]Make sure that whichever statement you type should end with a semicolon.

[01:31:22]statement of the program because that's the syntax for C++ programming.

[01:31:29]Okay, so just like this. So question eight, they're saying prompt the user to enter temperature in Fahrenheit.

[01:31:39]So this is where now you use those functions which I told you.

[01:31:46]Okay. So going to say see out then I'll put two double back arrows.

[01:31:55]Then I'll put the double quotes which are saying enter temperature in Fahrenheit. Let me just copy this statement here.

[01:32:08]Um okay let me just type it.

[01:32:11]So I'm going to say enter.

[01:32:16]Enter temperature. So here you can use your own English, your own English. Enter temperature in foreign.

[01:32:34]Ah this English guys.

[01:32:37]Let's hope this is how you pronounce frenite.

[01:32:40][snorts] Like you know this this uh this word what is this?

[01:32:51]So Fahrenheit.

[01:32:59]Okay. So let me put the closing semicolon.

[01:33:04]So boom, there it goes. It is saying enter temperature in Fahrenheit.

[01:33:10]So if you want to run the codes click on play this play button.

[01:33:15]So we have outputed.

[01:33:19]Now we want when we output a user to enter the temperature infinite.

[01:33:23]So to put that statement that code that is going to help us to get data from the user through the console and when I run this screen that I'm getting it is called the console. This is the console.

[01:33:37]I don't know the console. Those who play games, you have stuff you call the consoles, right?

[01:33:44]Yeah. Even in programming, this is called the console or the terminal. In other words, some people will call it the terminal. Others will call it the command line now, but the general one is either the console or the terminal. So, read the temperature value in Fahrenheit variable. So we want to get that value which a user will enter when a user enters.

[01:34:16]So like uh let me just go back to question eight. Have you seen I've written C out. This see out means character output meaning that we outputting character to the user.

[01:34:27]Which character we outputting? What I've just put in the double quotes and it should be double quoted not single quoted. Okay.

[01:34:37]So we we need to get now data from the user, right?

[01:34:41]And another thing this out you you've seen me using. I'm able to use this in C++ because of this this iOS stream which I included this. I've included a library for you guys who don't know. You've just been memorizing these codes. Let me sec them. Have you seen this this stuff?

[01:35:04]I've just sec and uh where where is that other one? this because of these two things I'm able to use those two tools to get I mean to display to the console or to the to the user the details and also to get data right because no not what I've said because of the include IO stream and the using name space std because of let me just again I don't know why it is scrolling itself upwards But because of you using name space std and uh include IO stream is the reason why I'm able to to output and also to get the input because those things I are there in our code.

[01:35:55]For you who don't see the reason why we include those things, I hope you know if you don't have those two things, you see that when you try to output or to get data from the user, you won't be able to like it will maybe run an error unless maybe the compiler that you're using has already like by default it has included it. It has included those like the modern compilers they usually do those things on your behalf.

[01:36:20]Yeah.

[01:36:22]So to read the temperature we going to see.

[01:36:29]So we need to when we read we need to store it in the Fahrenheit variable.

[01:36:37]So to to get the data I'm going to say [clears throat] C in then I'll put the forward arrows. Then that data which the user will enter where do you want to store it? We want to store it in the variable which we just declared which is Fahrenheit variable.

[01:37:01]So, F night Fight B.

[01:37:21]Okay, let me just do this.

[01:37:25]Um, let me let me put some some space here.

[01:37:38]Okay. So, um, what's this? Yes. Where were we? We were here. So, I want that when I output it to appear more presentable. So I'm going to put a for the sake of this this practical which I'm doing with you. So I'm going to put the full colon then a space so that when I run these codes at least there's some gap right there are some gaps.

[01:38:06]Okay. So maybe let's see the temperature enter is then I click on enter and on if you're using the phone to click on enter you need to let me show you those of you guys who are using a computer you just click on enter there on your keyboard now and then the keyboard has disappeared.

[01:38:30]Okay. So, you have to click on the Have you seen this arrow?

[01:38:38]This symbol on your keyboard. This symbol which you use if you want to go on the next line.

[01:38:44]It's just that uh this one I'm using it's not allowing me like when I bring this it's disappearing.

[01:38:52]So, when you click on enter temperature in Fahrenheit, it's going it's bringing us program finished. Okay.

[01:38:58]Let's continue doing our codes. So let's go to question 10. Question 10, they're saying, calculate the Celsius equivalent and restore it in the Celsius variable.

[01:39:09]Use ratio in your formula.

[01:39:12]Okay.

[01:39:14]So for us to calculate uh calculate the Celsius equivalent and store it in the Celsius variable.

[01:39:26]So store it in the Celsius variable.

[01:39:30]We have made the Celsius variable. Okay.

[01:39:33]So use the ratio in your formula. So the let's go back to the formula.

[01:39:41]So do you know how our formula is going to look like in this situation?

[01:39:47]Okay.

[01:39:49]So we are going to use this formula.

[01:39:51]Celsius is equal to 5 9. Now 5 over 9 we have declared it as a a ratio which is uh 0 what uh 0 556. So is 5 over 9. I'm going to put ratio variable because we've stored five the equivalence of 5 over 9.

[01:40:13]Let me show you what we going to do.

[01:40:19]Where are we?

[01:40:23]So calculate the Celsius. So we are going to update the SAS variable.

[01:40:32]Uh let me do this.

[01:40:56]Uh, okay.

[01:40:58]So I'm going to say Celsius Celsius is equal to so by doing this I'm like updating the I'm updating the variable this Celsius variable initially we assigned 0.0 zero to it right so since it was not even constant have you seen the difference if the variable is constant I can't do what I'm doing right now I can't update it with new values I can't do that since this is not constant it is dynamic I can even I can change its values as time goes on in our program on the runtime so we're going to say ratio which is 9 over 5 I don't know if 5 over 9 let me Yeah. [clears throat] So ratio is equal to 5 / 9. So I'm going to put ratio.

[01:41:57]Then the formula is going like Fahrenheit.

[01:42:01]To use times, use this operator.

[01:42:04]Fahrenheit is um I mean times open and closing bracket.

[01:42:11]Fahrenheit, which is what a user has just entered Fahrenheitus 32. That's the formula, right?

[01:42:29]Then we can do this.

[01:42:33]Let's run this.

[01:42:35]Let's say I enter 50.

[01:42:39]No. uh right now we haven't yet outputed.

[01:42:43]Okay. So this step it will be like storing it will be converting the what the user has entered. Then we update the Celsius variable since it is not a constant variable but a dynamic variable. So question 11 is saying that display the temperature in Celsius.

[01:43:01]The display after the program runs should read something like 4.5 degrees. So there just an example. Let me check.

[01:43:19]Okay. So first let me just output. So see see out uh back slash arrows.

[01:43:41]Yeah, I would put in the Celsius.

[01:43:49]Just let me do this.

[01:43:57]So right now it has just outputed.

[01:44:01]Now they want us to output in a certain way.

[01:44:09]Okay. So we need to be able to not just output the figure but it should be accompanied with or accompanied by should be accompanied by the by some statement saying let me show you what they have said degrees.

[01:44:30]So I'm going to say I'm going to do this after this. I'm going to put another double arrows.

[01:44:40]Then I'll open the I'll put the double quotes with the statements which I want to come after the Celsius after the digits of the Celsius have been displayed like they'll come next to the these statements will be next to the figures of the Celsius when we output.

[01:45:03]So it's going to be degrees Celsius.

[01:45:12]Now for us to end this statement in a situation whereby you are not just outputting one thing but a combination of things you need to do this. Don't just end here. You need to put another double back arrows. I don't know if that's what they called. Then you put meaning that you are ending this output end l end line.

[01:45:39]Let's see if we going to get an error.

[01:45:41]So let's say 50.

[01:45:44]Okay. So let me do this. Let me put a space here.

[01:45:49]So let me run. So if you want to convert maybe to you have 50 fah, you want to convert it to degrees. you enter then you so it's going to say 50 fah is equal to 65 6588°.

[01:46:13]So here I saying return 10 zero to end indicate successive program termination.

[01:46:21]Okay. So um you know that whenever you're dealing with C++ programming you your program need to end with zero zero it will tell the compiler that this is where the execution of the code should end from it's like you're saying you know you know the way it is when you write in English that whenever you are done you should [clears throat] end with the full stop in programming whenever you're like writing saying you need to end with return zero it's like you're And this is where the execution of the program should end from.

[01:46:57]So it end zero.

[01:47:02]Let's run this. Okay. So I think we've just answered.

[01:47:09]All right. So this is simple, right?

[01:47:13]Yeah.

[01:47:15]So we've answered these two questions.

[01:47:19]And for you guys who are my students maybe uh I shared the links in the group the group for those who my subscribed students I shared a link where you where I I shared the videos which you can watch and materials to use to learn C++ programming.

[01:47:39]So I hope you made use of those. But I'm making I'm going to make video lessons in the near future or maybe next coming intake teaching C++ and Excel since this is where most of the challenges are.

[01:47:54][clears throat] Okay. So I don't know the feedback that I'll get from this video. If it will motivate me, maybe I might make another video solving. I mean is this even solving answering this? We like we just revise the whole paper together.

[01:48:08]if you guys would like me to do that.

[01:48:12]Yes. So, comment there in the comment section and make sure that you subscribe to this YouTube channel so that you can be able to receive an update whenever I upload something new to help you, okay?

[01:48:25]Especially as you are preparing for your final exam.

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