Editorial on New pay scale of government salaries | প্রতিদিন ইংরেজি শিখুন | Learn English

Añadido: 2026-05-22

[00:00:01]New Pay Scale Comes with Fiscal Strain Government Must Go for Credible Tax Reforms Strong Revenue Mobilization Viewers Welcome to Today's Jess Na Today we are going to do editorial translation directly from The Daily Star newspaper. We will try to learn English by analyzing each sentence and also try to know the original news that is there.

[00:00:30]So let's get started. So, what is the headline we were given at the beginning? The new pay scale is the new pay scale that is being implemented.

[00:00:43]Here it has taken the form of a subject.

[00:00:45]So what will we do after the subject?

[00:00:48]After the subject, we will move on to the verb. The verb "comes with" is "comes with" and the object "comes with" is "comes with".

[00:00:57]Look, we need to understand a little bit about this "comes with" thing. "Comes with" literally means "bringing something with." It means "comes with something." The new Pascal comes with the physical strain. But here you can bring it up a little differently, that if you think about it a little figuratively, if you act as a gnostic, it also makes sense that this is happening because of this.

[00:01:32]So the question is, will the new Paris Scala that is being implemented or is being started in our country bring it? Fiscal strain. Does that mean that financial strain or financial pressure will also be responsible? New Pay Scale. I mean, what would be the reason for that? New Pay Scale. You can think a little differently that the new pay scale is causing financial strain. It can be said this way. Again, you can say this, which is literally what you are thinking, that the new pay scale will create financial strain, or since it is creating headlines, you can fill the matter in this way, we can arrange the matter like this, saying that the implementation of the new pay scale is creating additional pressure on the financial sector, meaning this is the literal translation of the idea, what is the real meaning of the matter, we have understood the sentence, now we have published in our own language like a Bengali newspaper that the implementation of the new pay scale is creating additional pressure on the financial sector. This means that this is creating financial tension or is becoming a cause of financial tension. I can feel the matter in a sense that financial pressure is coming with the new pay scale or the new salary scale. Anyway, see you later.

[00:02:55]What should the government do? Must go.

[00:02:59]Must go for together, must go for means it literally means if you must go for something, it means you are walking on that path.

[00:03:10]If I translate it a little, it means what steps are you taking? Okay, taking steps or taking initiatives. The government must go for credible tax reforms, stronger revenue mobilization. Look at these two parts. This stronger revenue mobilization means strong revenue collection. And what does credible tax reforms mean? Credible here means trustworthy. But what will be here is that reliable, trustworthy or effective.

[00:03:41]Effective tax reform. The government must move towards effective tax reform and robust revenue collection.

[00:03:50]Of course you have to walk. You have to walk that way. Or you could say you need to take initiative in these two things.

[00:04:00]Okay? You need to pay attention to this. This is a must go for. We can fill it together. The government must now focus on effective tax reform and increasing revenue collection.

[00:04:11]Look, this is a complete translation. We understand that must go for means walking in a certain direction. To take an initiative or take something seriously, to take it into account.

[00:04:24]This is the matter, the government must go for this, this thing must go for, this thing must go for, this thing must walk that path, these things must be taken initiative, whatever, I hope I have understood the matter, must go for, here we go, look at the main sentence, the first sentence that starts here is what is the arithmetic of the new pay scale, look at arithmetic, this matter is actually arithmetic, what does arithmetic mean here, calculation, arithmetic, we know arithmetic, such sense, but what is happening here, what is the calculation of what of the new pay scale, the calculation of the new pay scale, this is the subject, the subject has gone, your verb or the verb has taken it, okay, the calculation of the new pay scale is on the face of it, it is the linking verb here, then what is happening is what will the linking verb do, will it take the complement on the face of it. On the face of it. What does this mean? On the face of it means at first glance. What seems from the outside is currently visible or It has an extra part inside two commas.

[00:05:38]It's straight forward. This thing is the subject's complement. I mean, we saw the arithmetic here.

[00:05:49]I saw the linking verb here. The complement of the linking verb is this straight forward. I just added an extra word about this sentence that I've seen on the face of it. That is, this phrase is used in a sense that it seems to be at first glance or from the outside. On the face of it. Apparently on the face of it.

[00:06:12]If you think literally, "on the face of it" means "on its face." This is what you seem to see.

[00:06:18]So the thing is, the new salary structure that is being calculated seems quite straight forward at first glance, it seems quite simple. It seems that the matter is very simple. It has not been a pay scale for a long time. Now it seems that the matter is very simple. So I understand the whole matter. At first glance, the matter seems to be very simple, straight forward, very hassle-free. Okay, straight forward, simple, clear, that's the sense. Anyway, I hope you understand the matter. The arithmetic of the New Perry Scale is straight forward. At first glance, or from the outside, it seems very simple.

[00:07:00]It's very hassle-free. A simple task.

[00:07:04]Why is this said? Then we'll do some calculations and whatnot. An attempt will be made to explain the matter in the notes. Then it is said that the day is pay commission. This is the subject.

[00:07:18]What has the Ninth Pay Commission done? Has it recommended? What has it recommended? Lifting the minimum government salary from Taka 8250 to a thousand? What does lifting mean here? What does it mean to increase or raise the minimum government salary? How much is the increase in the government minimum salary? From Rs. 8,250 to Rs. 20,000.

[00:07:53]While the rising ceiling from so much money to so much.

[00:07:59]See the raising ceiling here. What does this actually mean? What does raising ceiling mean?

[00:08:06]Maximum limit. Raising ceiling. Wail raging ceiling. The maximum limit is from 78 thousand to 100 thousand taka.

[00:08:16]That means that the Ninth Pay Scale Commission has recommended the minimum to increase the ceiling. The raising ceiling means the maximum amount of increase. One is the lifting of the minimum government salary. The other is the raising ceiling, which means the maximum amount of salary. Can I translate this? The Ninth Pay Commission has recommended increasing the minimum government salary from so much taka to so much taka and the maximum salary limit from so much taka to so much taka.

[00:08:53]Whatever, I hope I have been able to explain it. Let's go.

[00:08:58]Look at the next sentence. Here it is said that Finance Minister Amir Khusru Mahmud Chowdhury has confirmed that the subject has confirmed that the implementation will begin on July 1. Implementation will begin on July 1.

[00:09:19]What is being said next? The Rational. Look, we've read the word rational before.

[00:09:23]Rational means reasonableness.

[00:09:27]Rationality or what exactly is the reason?

[00:09:31]We say rational to explain what the main reason is.

[00:09:33]What is the rationale behind this? So what is being said next?

[00:09:38]Rationale is difficult to dispute.

[00:09:42]Difficult to dispute means difficult to dispute or deny. What does difficult to dispute mean? That means it cannot be debated. Such a feeling. Difficult, what else is difficult? It's hard to argue with that. So what is happening? It's hard to deny. It is difficult to deny this rationality. I mean, even though there is a rationality issue, then things get difficult. Years of elevated inflation. This is followed by a colon to the next sentence since the two sentences are very similar in type and have a similar relationship. For this reason, a new sentence is being introduced with a colon.

[00:10:19]Years of Elevated Inflation.

[00:10:22]What does that mean? Those were the years of elevated inflation. It has been subjected. The subject is being said to have quite eroded. Quite eroded.

[00:10:43]Quite eroded means to have quietly eroded. Whose real wages are real wages?

[00:10:55]What is that? Years of elevated inflation means that inflation has been high for years.

[00:11:04]This thing has actually eaten up real wages. Quite eroded has completely quietly eaten up the real salaries of 14 lakh civil servants. The real salaries of 14 lakh civil servants who are government employees have been eaten up by elevated inflation for years. So that is why the rationality is difficult to dispute.

[00:11:32]We can dispute the logic that is being shown. But the matter is actually a bit difficult. It may not be logical to do so.

[00:11:41]But it's difficult. So we can translate this to mean that there is little room for debate about the rationality of this decision.

[00:11:48]Because persistent high inflation has silently reduced the real purchasing power of the country's 1.4 million government employees. Quite eroded. Quite eroded difficult dispute national sorry rational rational rationality or root cause in such a sense then there are years of elevated inflation this means continuous inflation can be said figuratively and in literal translation you can say inflation for years anyway I hope the matter is clear we move on to the next sentence in the sense look here it is being said what is less straight forward?

[00:12:32]Which is less in terms of complexity, whether simple or complex.

[00:12:37]Meaning that which is less simple or less complicated, less straight forward.

[00:12:43]What is that? Whatever the case, it is intense to finance such a large expansion. That means it's intense. What is that?

[00:12:57]Intense means to desire, to wish, to set one's mind. Intense means to have a purpose. From such a sense, we understand that to desire, to intend, what kind of finance is such a large expansion?

[00:13:14]What does it mean that the finance we are doing is financing such a large expansion? It means such a large expansion or growth, right? In such a large expansion or growth, there is recurrent expenditure.

[00:13:34]Recurrent expenditure means that current expenditure is what it is? Current expenditure. What is the term for current expenses or regular expenses?

[00:13:46]Current expenditure.

[00:13:53]Recurrent means recurring, or regular, expenses that occur repeatedly. Or we can call it current expenses or regular expenses, regular expenses like that. But the real complexity is what is less straight forward. Okay? Straight forward but simple here. It means in simple terms. What does less straight forward mean? Less simple. So we can say it's a little complicated. Right? Without saying lace is straight forward, we can say it is a little complicated. But the real complication is this huge increase in operating costs.

[00:14:23]How will the government ensure this?

[00:14:26]Okay?

[00:14:32]One thing to note here is that the missing part is that what is less straight forward in sentence form. What does something that is a little less simple or a little less straightforward mean? That thing is complicated. This is the complication. Okay? In such a sense, it is a noun clause and the subject of the sentence. So what will this subject do? Takes object, takes verb, takes verb, takes object. This is how we will move forward. So how is it moving forward? Coming to this place, this word is less straight forward. That thing is less complicated.

[00:15:12]Less simple. I mean, it's a little complicated. The thing that is complicated is ease. Here you are taking the subject complement with your linking verb, how the government intends How the government has decided to do this is a complicated matter. Okay, this is the issue being questioned here. Let's move on to the next sentence. Look at the next sentence, it is said that reportedly, what does reportedly mean here?

[00:16:56]From which it was found or learned from the report. What is known? Full implementation of the commission's recommendations will cost an additional Rs 6,000 crore annually, which comes on top of the current salary bill. What does the Rs 6,000 crore mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What is the current salary bill of Rs 1,31,000 crore? What is the current salary bill of Rs 1,31,000 crore? What is the additional annual salary bill of Rs 1,600 crore? What is the additional annual salary bill of Rs 1,600 crore? What is the additional annual salary bill of Rs 1,600 crore? It is learned that to fully implement the commission's recommendations, an additional Rs 106,000 crore will be required every year, in addition to the current salary bill of Rs 131,000 crore? Okay?

[00:18:14]So apart from this, if we say 106 thousand crore taka every year, or 1 lakh 6000 crore, it can be said like this. This much money will be needed.

[00:18:28]Anyway, it's a numerical value. There is no sentence structure here. Then we move on to the next sentence. See what is being said here that the new government has sensibly opted for a phased roll out rather than a single-year shock. First, renew the government. The first new government is the government that has been sensitively opted for. Op for means to choose. Op for means to choose. So sensitively opted for. It means he has opted out sensibly. What does it mean? It means he chose wisely. Sensitively Opted for What? Faced.

[00:19:07]Faced roll out. Faced roll out. This means that it is a noun that has been chosen. A face that has rolled out. It means roll out. Here we mean step by step or in stages. That's the thing. Phased roll out. This means step-by-step or phased implementation. Opted for a phased roll out. I mean, if you take this literally, let me explain to you what it means, assuming that this phased means we would say phase in a few phases. Okay? So what did we do with that? I made it verb three. So the verb phase is a step, it was a noun. But when I made it verbose, it happens step by step. Gradually it has taken on the form of an adjective. And what does roll out mean? Roll out means to roll it out. This means it is being used in the sense of giving. So what does it mean to roll out the face together?

[00:20:06]Implement step by step. Faced roll out. This collocation is an important topic to remember, as a face-to-face rollout means a step-by-step implementation. So how are you coming? The verb three is phased out and rolled out in the form of a verb, giving or providing, in the sense of implementing, so the phased roll out is sensitively opted for, meaning that it has very wisely chosen to implement it in a step-by-step manner, rather than giving a single year shock, meaning that the big shock in a single year is a shock. The single year shock means that the pressure that is a one-year or one-time shock is a shock, rather than going towards it, the new government has wisely chosen to implement it in a step-by-step manner. The new government's decision to implement it step by step rather than applying a huge pressure all at once is very prudent and realistic.

[00:21:11]Anyway, let's move on to the next sentence.

[00:21:14]Even so, even so, even if this thing happens, even so, the first year cost alone is expected to reach 35,000 crore taka. Even then, the additional expenditure of the government in the first year alone will be 35,000 crore taka. Even then, it means that it has been taken step by step.

[00:21:39]Even then, the matter will reach this level. What happens next? Bangladesh's fiscal position leaves little room for comfort. Look at this place that leaves little room for comfort. Leaves Little Room. What does Rome mean here? Room means space.

[00:21:58]Or such a chance. Leaves little room, meaning no chance. Such a feeling. Okay? Leaves little room for comfort.

[00:22:07]What does comfort mean? Comfort or ease. There is no room for comfort. Leaves little room for comfort. This little one is negative here, meaning it does n't have any room. Not keeping the room means not keeping the opportunity. What kind of comfort is that? Bangladesh's Fiscal Position The current financial situation in Bangladesh does not leave any room for comfort. I can say that it's not uncomfortable at all.

[00:22:31]This phrase is a very beautiful and meaningful expression. What is that? Leaves Little Rome for Something. It means that there is no room for anything, a sense that there is no place for comfort or there is no way to be happy, there is no chance to be happy. In this sense, you can say, "This thing leaves little room for comfort."

[00:22:57]For example, if the rapists are being arrested in Bangladesh, after they are arrested, you can say, "This incident leaves little room for comfort." It means that if they are arrested, they will be completely overcome with laughter and happiness. The point is that there is no room for comfort here because they have been arrested. The lawyers for the defendant will arrange for bail. This review will be done. It will take five years to analyze the trial. Then what does it mean? It may or may not be a verdict.

[00:23:28]That's why we can say, "Leaves little room for comfort." This phrase or expression can be used in different places. Anyway, let's go to the next sentence. What is being said here is that revenue mobilization means revenue collection.

[00:23:46]Here, mobilization is used in the sense of revenue collection. But it remains persistently weak.

[00:23:52]Persistently means continuously. Persistently is used as an adverb here. You could say constantly or continuously. You could say constantly. Remains persistently. Weak means remaining slow and weak for a long time. Revenue collection is in a very weak state.

[00:24:16]Then see what happens? The country's tax to GDP ratio hovers around.

[00:24:24]What does hovering around mean? It's moving around, moving around.

[00:24:29]See where this hover thing is coming from? Hoover means what happens when we place the mouse or something else on it? It hovers instead of moving, and the hoovers around come from it. It means hovering and moving around nearby or in the vicinity.

[00:24:48]That percentage is hovering around seven percent.

[00:24:51]And the lowest in Asia. Our tax-to- GDP ratio is hovering around 7 percent, which is one of the lowest among Asian countries.

[00:25:07]Then see what is being said that the National Board of Revenue, this is our subject, the National Board of Revenue, has repeatedly fallen sort of repeatedly fallen short of, fallen short of something. It means that it is okay to fail to achieve the target of something, that it has fallen sort of repeatedly fallen short of something, fallen behind, then it has repeatedly fallen sort of repeatedly failed. It's collection targets. This collection target has failed to be met. While long promised structural reforms.

[00:25:58]What about the long-promised structural reforms? Broadening the tax base, reducing exemptions, formalizing greater parts of the economy and improving compliance.

[00:26:08]So let's look at this first. While long promised structural reforms, it is being explained a little bit that these are the long-promised structural reforms. The text base of these reforms means expanding the tax base.

[00:26:31]What does reducing exemptions mean? Reducing tax exemptions or exemptions. The issue of reducing tax exemptions. Formalizing Greater Parts of the Economy means formalizing a larger part of the economy. To formalize. What is the end? Improving compliance means improving compliance and adherence to plans or rules.

[00:26:54]Compliance.

[00:26:58]What does compliance mean? That rule to follow. It means from compliant to obligation to compliance.

[00:27:06]What does it mean when someone is obedient and compliant? The word compliance derives its meaning from this sense of rules. Compliance means following the rules.

[00:27:13]So improving compliance. That is, improvement in compliance with the rules. The reform of this thing will come to fruition here.

[00:27:21]Remain incomplete. It means it remains incomplete or incomplete. Okay? So what was your subject here? This is because structural reforms remain incomplete. It still remains incomplete.

[00:27:37]Such a feeling. Anyway, let's see if we move on to the next sentence we have. It is said here that pressure is being compounded. This means that this pressure is being compounded.

[00:27:51]Compound means becoming more concentrated.

[00:27:55]Literally speaking, compounded means compounding, compound sentences are being joined, combined, or something like that.

[00:28:01]But if you think about it a little figuratively, what is this pressure actually being compounded? Does it mean being compounded? Or you can say it's getting complicated? Okay, by external developments. More external developments. Look at what they mean here.

[00:28:19]Literally, we know that development means improvement, right? But what's happening here?

[00:28:25]External developments mean that the events that are happening in the outside world, such as wars, various sanctions, various events, are happening. That thing is called developments. External means the events that are happening in the outside world or the international pressures that are doing what the pressure is being compounded. So we can say that the events that are happening in the outside world are actually provoking this thing, the pressure. The negative situation in international markets is further fueling this pressure. So, look, we completely understand that the pressure is being compounded.

[00:29:04]More complex or external developments are taking place.

[00:29:08]Various international events are happening in the outside world.

[00:29:11]What are they doing to them in terms of them?

[00:29:13]Increasing the pressure.

[00:29:16]Anyway, the thing to understand here is that we need to understand the passive structure and the meaning of compound, which we learned in the simple complex compound sentence.

[00:29:26]I learned compound verb compound structure elsewhere. And here the word compound itself is used to indicate that the matter is compounding. This is getting complicated. The matter is getting more serious.

[00:29:37]Such a feeling. Anyway, the matter is clear. And external developments mean that the various international events that are happening are being explained here.

[00:29:51]I hope the matter is clear. We move on to the next sentence. Rising global fuel prices. This is the subject here. Rising global fuel prices have inflated import bills. Import bill is the import bill that is inflated, increased, inflated, increased and squeezed fiscal space further fiscal space means the financial opportunity that is fiscal space that is an opportunity that is squeezed further means squeezed here squeezed then it is said these twin pressures this two-way or twin pressure twin pressure two-way pressure twin crisis week revenue collection this week revenue collection sorry this is what is another part of this that these twin pressures twin pressure is week revenue collection and what and higher energy cost this twin pressure is explained here twin pressure two pressures which is two pressures two-way two pressures that is one is week revenue collection and the other is becoming higher energy cost. Okay? These are two things.

[00:31:09]That means weak revenue collection and high fuel costs. What does the verb "I will come later" mean? One of these reasons is the new pay scale. That includes implementation. The implementation of the new pay scale was postponed from the current fiscal year in the first place.

[00:31:35]So one of the reasons was the War Among the Reasons. One of the reasons was these two things. Then it is said that in the next clause, the implementation of the new pay scale was postponed, meaning it was postponed from the current fiscal year. For these reasons, I mean, these are the reasons why we postponed it in the first place.

[00:31:58]In other words, from the point where it first came up in the discussion, the first or initial reason is right, so if we try to translate the matter here, it will be something like this: the implementation of the new salary scale was postponed in the current fiscal year mainly due to this twin crisis of weak revenue collection and high fuel prices.

[00:32:28]So what is the pattern of this sentence? Let's try to understand the pattern a little.

[00:32:33]The pattern is that we said at the beginning that there are two twin pressures.

[00:32:40]There is a twin press. The pressure is weak revenue collection and higher energy costs.

[00:32:47]So this twin pressure is among the reasons. There were a few reasons for that. The reason for the new pay scale implementation, see first we are talking about the reasons, some of those reasons were this, then the reason why the new pay scale implementation was postponed means that due to these reasons the new pay scale thing has been postponed or postponed. Okay, now see here if you want you could have given a little more part here, that is what is it, since here the reasons we briefly talk like this, the reason I did this, we do not say in the sense that the sense is being cleared here that the reason something I have done means for this reason I did this, from that place the reason is used here, no direct relative, no pronoun or any adverb is used here, you could have said here that among the reasons for which, for which, for which, if we said the matter would have been very easy to understand. But there is no need to give the for which in this place. When the words "The Reasons" are spoken. Reasons why the implementation of the new pay scale was postponed. That's why the new pay scale was essentially suspended.

[00:34:10]I hope I was able to explain this.

[00:34:13]Anyway, let's move on to the next sentence. Look at the next sentence, it says "These underlying vulnerabilities." Underlying means underlying or hidden. What does vernability mean? The weakness or fragile state in which the stele remains.

[00:34:30]This delicate situation still remains with us. The pay scale is also being implemented.

[00:34:35]This is what is being tried to explain here.

[00:34:36]Allocating such large sums to the pay structure. This is the subject. It means allocating such a huge amount of money.

[00:34:46]Allocating such large sums to the pay structure. Will inevitably inevitably place pressure on capital expenditure at a time. See at a time. Until we go, we assume that we have kept the matter until now.

[00:35:07]Inevitably place pressure on capital expenditure. That is, this capital expenditure means that the expenditure is developmental.

[00:35:18]We can say that the expenditure that is developmental will inevitably place pressure on that expenditure. Then here the time indicated word that at a time is right at such a time is the matter at such a time when Bangladesh's growth outlook depends heavily on infrastructure and productivity enhancing investment while infrastructure and productivity enhancing means that such an inevitable pressure is being created on capital expenditure or development expenditure.

[00:36:17]Allocating searcher sums to the pay structure will inevitably place pressure. At such a time, if we fill the matter of translation, this huge allocation behind salaries will put pressure on the development budget. It will put pressure on the place pressure The country's economy is dependent on investment, and we don't have those things on long-term investment. At that time, such a huge allocation would put pressure on the development budget.

[00:37:04]What will we do with the development budgets we have? Will put pressure. Trying to understand this matter.

[00:37:08]Anyway, let's move on to the next sentence, which says what the Annual Development Program Allocations are. The allocations of the Annual Development Program or ADP are already hampered by the chronic underspending and delays. How does chronic underspending and delays mean? Chronic means long-term, long-term, right?

[00:37:41]Underspending means what kind of underspending is the expenditure?

[00:37:52]Underspending means underspending, is it more or less? Underspending means underspending, is it more or less? Underspending is chronically hampered by chronic underspending and delays.

[00:38:06]If we try to fill in a little, it is that chronic underspending means long-term or long-term underspending and delays.

[00:38:24]What are we doing there, that is, we are spending less and less on a task, we are continuing it for a long time, and the delay is being delayed there, so that is why it is already hampered, what is it now? What is going to happen now is that we will now have to compete more intensely with this recurrent expenditure.

[00:38:51]What does that mean now? We will have to compete more intensely. We will have to compete more intensely.

[00:38:59]This means that we will have to compete with other things, such as the development program budget, the education sector, and various other places. We will have to compete and maintain ourselves with this recurrent expenditure.

[00:39:12]This means that we will have to compete with the regular expenses or the ongoing expenses and run these annual development programs.

[00:39:22]This is what he is trying to explain with this sentence.

[00:39:24]Anyway, I hope I was able to explain the matter.

[00:39:26]If we translate that a little bit.

[00:39:32]ADB implementation is already being hampered due to delays and low costs. Long and low costs are underspending and there are more delays. Because of these two things. Okay? What's going on? ADB implementation is being hampered.

[00:39:42]Moreover, this development budget will now have to compete fiercely with operating expenses. That is, they have to compete with each other to carry out their work. It is written here in such a sense.

[00:39:55]Anyway, let's move on to the next sentence. Look at the next sentence, which says that the government faces growing temptation. The government may face a dilemma.

[00:40:05]What does the growing temptation mean?

[00:40:08]Temptation means temptation, strong desire or inclination. Temptation. Temptation is facing a growing temptation. It means a growing temptation or an inclination to finance the gap through domestic borrowing. What does domestic borrowing mean? It means that this internal debt is the debt that is borrowed from within the country.

[00:40:41]Through that, this gap will be financed. Temptation to finance the gap. That is, a temptation or an inclination of the government. That is, it has a sense of borrowing internally. It has a tendency to finance this gap through borrowing. To fill this gap, the government may face an increasing tendency to borrow from the domestic sector.

[00:41:08]What does it face? A growing temptation is facing a growing tendency to borrow from the domestic sector. The tendency means that whenever something happens, the government regularly starts borrowing or borrowing from the domestic sector.

[00:41:21]This matter has been highlighted here. Anyway, I hope the matter is clear. Let's move on to the next sentence. In the next sentence, it is said that external borrowing means foreign or external loans. Means it comes with its own constraints. Comes with its own constraints. With its own constraints. With its own constraints. It means the external borrowings from the outside world or the foreign loans that we do. It already comes with. It already comes or brings with it some of its own constraints. It has its own constraints. Okay. Come with means it brings with it some of its own constraints. As Bangladesh is expected by its development partners. As because because because it means that the reason for this is that it means what is the limitation. The reason for this is that Bangladesh is expected by the development is expected.

[00:42:21]Expecting from Bangladesh is expected by Who expects development partners? Development partners mean development persons.

[00:42:30]They expect Bangladesh to be their development partners.

[00:42:33]This is called passive.

[00:42:37]What do Bangladesh's expectations or development partners expect? To demonstrate credible tax reforms. It means to demonstrate. It means to show So what is the reason for the foreign loans that are already there? It has its own limitations. If we translate the matter on the other hand, there are various conditions and constraints in the case of foreign loans.

[00:43:34]Because development partners want evidence from Bangladesh of visible tax reforms, subsidy reductions, and increased efficiency in state institutions. They want you to demonstrate whether the state- owned institutions have these things.

[00:43:55]Then look, it is being said that whatever we said, none of this is an argument against revising public sector pay. Okay? So it is being said that whatever we are saying, none of these is an argument.

[00:44:14]It is not an argument or a rationality. That is, it is not an argument or a rationality. It is an argument against. Which one is against it?

[00:44:22]That is, revising public sector pay. In the public sector or regarding the issue of increasing the salaries of government employees, that is, none of these. We are not saying that we are opposing or arguing that they should not be increased. That is, that is correct.

[00:44:38]But we are showing the current situation of Bangladesh here.

[00:44:43]This sentence is said in such a sense. Of course, none of this is in opposition to the decision to increase the salaries of government employees. That means we are not opposing. None of this is an argument against revising public sector pay. We are not arguing against any of this here.

[00:45:00]Such a feeling.

[00:45:04]Then it is being said that sustained wage compression carries serious long-term cost of it and then sustain wage compression here wage compression sustained this sustain means here verb three and verb three what does sustain mean here sustain means for a long time wage compression means to keep the pressure of wages compressed wage means salary wage compression its beautiful Bengali meaning is to keep salary compressed carries serious long-term cost of its own means carries long-term cost means serious or long-term loss or cost of its own means its own that you have compressed their salary in this way does it actually create a long-term negative impact because if you withhold salary allowance for a long time it also has a major long-term negative impact that is why we are not saying that none of this is an argument against.

[00:46:12]Then the fiscal arithmetic cannot be ignored. Fiscal arithmetic means that financial calculations that are inaccurate cannot be ignored.

[00:46:20]Cannot be ignored.

[00:46:25]Then it is said that this faceted implementation is coming up again. See Faced Implementation. So what does faceted implementation mean here? Step-by-step implementation is a prudent decision. A very wise decision. A bad decision. But what remains missing. But what is missing is an equally credible and publicly faced strategy for revenue reform. But what is missing is at least something equally credible.

[00:46:57]Equally credible, effective and fair step-by-step strategy for revenue reform. It means that the revenue reform issues that need to be done for revenue or tax reform are equally necessary. In a sense, although the decision to implement it step by step is positive, no specific and effective plan to increase revenue collection has been announced yet. This is what remains missing.

[00:47:29]We have highlighted the missing matter.

[00:47:31]Anyway, the very last sentence is that without these, the new pay scale will be without another test of Bangladesh's already fragile fiscal capacity. Without that, it means that it is okay without these or that the new pay scale will be without another test of Bangladesh's already fragile fiscal capacity. It means that the already fragile economy will be a new test. Another new test. Another test.

[00:48:04]Or a fire test.

[00:48:07]Without that, otherwise, this new pay structure will put Bangladesh's already fragile revenue capacity to a bigger fire test. It means that it will push it towards another test. In such a sense, here Fragile means fragile or delicate.

[00:48:24]This is our editorial today. It is very business oriented and discusses pay scales. There are some very complicated sentences and big sentences added here. Basically, I believe that if you practice these types of sentences in this way, when the big passages come up in the exam hall, you will be able to feel or understand their meaning by reading them.

[00:48:46]See you in our next class. Until then, stay well and healthy.