What is a Transformer and Its Function?

Added: 2026-05-19

[00:00:00]Welcome to your mentor home.

[00:00:02]Transformer and its function.

[00:00:04]A transformer is an electrical device used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

[00:00:12]It is mainly used to increase or decrease voltage levels in an electrical power system without changing the frequency.

[00:00:19]Main functions of a transformer.

[00:00:22]One, step up voltage. Increases voltage for long-distance power transmission to reduce power losses.

[00:00:29]Two, step down voltage. Reduces high voltage to a safer usable level for homes, industries, and equipment.

[00:00:39]Three, electrical isolation. Provides isolation between circuits for safety and protection.

[00:00:45]Four, power distribution. Helps in efficient transmission and distribution of electrical energy.

[00:00:52]Five, impedance matching. Matches impedance between circuits in some electrical and electronic applications.

[00:00:59]Working principle.

[00:01:01]It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

[00:01:05]When AC supply is applied to the primary winding, it produces a magnetic field in the core, which induces voltage in the secondary winding.

[00:01:14]Electromagnetic induction is the basic operating principle of a transformer.

[00:01:19]Some basic types of transformers are: Step up transformer.

[00:01:24]Step down transformer.

[00:01:26]Distribution transformer.

[00:01:29]Power transformer.

[00:01:31]Current transformer, CT.

[00:01:33]Voltage transformer, VT/PT.

[00:01:37]Isolation transformer.

[00:01:40]Applications.

[00:01:42]One dot power transmission.

[00:01:45]Used for voltage step up to minimize energy loss over long distances.

[00:01:50]Two dot power distribution. Used for voltage step down to bring electricity to safe levels for local use.

[00:01:57]Industrial use powers heavy three-dot machines and control systems in manufacturing environments.

[00:02:04]For dot domestic use, provides the correct voltage for standard home appliances.

[00:02:09]Voltage relation.

[00:02:12]In an ideal transformer, the ratio of the primary and secondary voltages is directly proportional to the ratio of the number of turns in their respective coils.

[00:02:21]V1 {slash} V2 equals N1 {slash} N2.

[00:02:26]Where V1, primary voltage.

[00:02:30]V2, secondary voltage.

[00:02:33]N1, primary turns.

[00:02:36]N2, secondary turns.

[00:02:39]Thank you.