Mission Critical Update | July 24, 2026 | NIH Takes Historic Step for Animals!

[00:00:03]Hello there and welcome to this this week's mission critical with Dr. Neil Barnard.

[00:00:10]This week we've got some really fantastic news coming out of the NIH and you'll be glad to hear that your support had a lot to do with making it happen.

[00:00:23]We're also going to tell you about a new series coming out this fall that will feature the wisdom of many incredible athletes and how the power of plants can get you to another level. Whether you're a neighborhood power walker or you are training for the Iron Man. So, I know you'll love to hear about it. Uh, all this good news and this progress is powered by you. So, thank you for tuning in today to get these updates. I'm Betsy Wson, PCRM senior vice president of development, and I'll be your mission critical host today, July 24th, 2026.

[00:01:05]One of my favorite parts of Mission Critical every Friday is seeing who is in the chat. So, now is a great time to choose everyone from the chat drop-own menu and go ahead and let us know you're here by putting your name and where you're joining from. Today, I want to talk about something uh new, something that we just posted up at pcrm.orgvents.

[00:01:38]So, we're calling this double header impact from the mountain to the valley.

[00:01:46]And this is these are two events that are going to take place over the weekend of October 10th and 11th in California.

[00:01:56]On October 10th, we are going to be back at Moose Mountain in Northern California. And this year we are going all out and we are bringing new activities. We'll be recognizing our special guest Ocean Robbins and also his father uh the late John Robbins for their contributions to moving us all towards a more compassionate world.

[00:02:24]And then about 24 hours later on October 11th, we'll be at a private home in Enino, California, uh, for more fun and more celebrating of some very big milestones.

[00:02:38]And we have convinced Chef Tal Ronin to come out of his kitchen to be recognized for elevating vegan food to the next level. So, I don't know how many of you have ever been to Crossroads. There's a Crossroads restaurant in Los Angeles and there's also one in Las Vegas.

[00:02:58]And if you've ever been there, you know that you can bring any of your meat eating friends and they will absolutely love this vegan food. It is so good.

[00:03:09]uh the the goal of this entire impact weekend is to gather for fun and also to raise a lot of funds to keep this important work going strong.

[00:03:23]So I imagine that uh most people will choose one or the other but you can certainly come to both of them. We are we love to see you there. Um, tickets started selling the very first day that we posted this event online. So, I wanted our mission critical folks uh to know it was available and we're going to put that ticket uh link in the chat. So, now let's start with our presentations and let me welcome PCRM's president and founder Dr. Neil Barard with his mission critical update.

[00:04:02]Here we are. Sorry. [laughter] Uh, sticky keys. What can I say? Um, thanks to all of you for joining us. If you haven't yet gotten into the chat to let us know where you're watching from, please do. We'd love to know that you're with us. Um, I've got two really important things that I want to share with you. Both we've talked about before, but I've got um updates on both of them. In a minute, I want to give you the latest on cycllospora. But first, there's a big thing coming up Monday in Oregon that I need to tell you about.

[00:04:36]Uh, let me just share my screen.

[00:04:48]Okay. Um, you have heard me talk about uh the use of monkeys in research. There are seven national primate research centers. The biggest one is in Oregon and we've been working on this a lot. Um and uh the there used to be eight. The Harvard National Primate Research Center called the New England National Primate Research Center was uh shut down with our help 10 years ago. The one in Oregon is the biggest one of the the remaining uh primate labs. They have between 4,000 and 5,000 monkeys there. And you've heard me talk about the research that they're doing, experiments, giving alcohol to monkeys and then getting them pregnant and showing that alcohol harms the babies, giving illegal drugs or recreational drugs to monkeys to show that they may cause birth defects. Um, all kinds of things to where you might think correctly, why are researchers still doing things like that? We have called for the closure of this center entirely. Well, here's what's happening.

[00:05:51]Uh on Monday uh at 11:00 Pacific time, there uh is going to be a proposal brought forward to the board and I just like to go through it with you. It's a little bit of a mixed mixed bag. Um the board is going to consider transitioning the primate research center into a center for new what they're calling new approach methodologies or non-animal research methods. In other words, so far they have been a monkey center and that's it. Uh 4,000 and some monkeys there. And the whole idea is to change everything. So instead they're focusing on non-anim animal research. And that means substantially, this is their word, substantially reducing the non-human primate colony size. They didn't say go to zero. They they're talking about what if we reduce it 90% or something like that. um and no longer call it a national primate research center. So um many people are going to be testifying, including physicians committee members, uh physicians committee representatives, and we're going to say that what we really need to do is to fully phase out the monkey experimentation.

[00:07:05]Uh that's number one. To tell the truth, I don't think we're going to get there with this step. I think a lot more has to be done to make that happen. Um at the same time if there is going to be a major reduction we'll take it u that's good but it's not the not where it needs to end up. Second thing is is when they're talking about new approach methodologies sometimes people think well that's just a cell culture test or one of these organs on a chip or something like that and it does include those things and they're great but there's much more to it than that. For example, um a human clinical trial is a new approach methodology and it's it's not using animals at all. And then of course there are in vitro research methods and many others. The reason that I emphasize this is sometimes people say well the lab bench methods or the the cellular tests some of them are quite mature and are are widely used others are new. True enough. Um but the human clinical studies that have been that we do here and that other research centers do have been in use for a long period of time. They don't need further validation. And there are people in Oregon at Oregon Health and Science University that are expert in this. And so here's what we're doing. We are calling on Oregon on OHSU to move away from it use of primates. For them, that's been a big order because it's been a lot of what they've done, a lot of money and a lot of animals. But to take this as a first step to getting away from it entirely and to focus not just on on new methods kind of with a small end, focus on the methods in a major way. And if we focus on human health, human DNA, human cells, uh human beings involved in in uh as participants in ethically conducted research studies of the kind of things that we do here and that others do. That's going to really get the science moving forward.

[00:08:54]So that's Monday afternoon. I'll tell you how it works out. Uh the second thing is I want to give you a quick update on cycllospora. Last week we were talking about this. This is the the diarrheal disease that has been linked to lettuce products. started out in Michigan, went to Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, but then it went to Illinois, went to Kansas, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and it came from lettuce, iceberg lettuce, produced at Taylor Farms in Mexico. Taylor Farms is huge. It's its f it's its its home is in the United States, but this particular product that was contaminated came from Mexico. Um, it's a huge shipment that went to Taco Bell stores that hit the news, but also Walmart got a lot of it. They got it it as um iceberg lettuce, but also these little shredded iceberg lettucees in a bag. And then some food services got it in quite a number of states. That seems to be it. Um Taylor Farms has issued a recall luckily, so hopefully all this will be over fairly soon. Uh the symptoms, in case you're wondering if this is you, um it does not start right after you eat the contaminated food. It can be as little as 48 hours, but it can be as much as 2 weeks after exposure.

[00:10:13]So, so that's what makes it hard to pinpoint the cause sometimes, but it's gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea, and vomiting. um you lose your appetite, you're going to lose some weight, you're going to be tired out, um you're going to feel achy, and you may be feverish, but many people have um no symptoms at all or not many, but some do. Uh this is not a bacterial illness. This is a prozzoa. Protozoan, it does not come from chickens or cows. It's in human beings. It lives in the little cells that line your intestinal tract. And what that means is that if human waste, human fecal material gets in water, let's say in a country where they don't have good hygiene, may not have good may not have good u toilet facilities and that sort of thing. And if that contaminated water ends up being used for irrigation, you're going to get it on the plants. But it's not passed directly from one person to another.

[00:11:13]It's the human waste contaminating water. So that's the big problem. Um, if you're going to handle fruits and vegetables, it's first of all, it's not their fault. They don't have intestinal tracts. It was people who contaminated them. Uh, if you buy something frozen or cooked, it's fine. If you got something contaminated, but you cook it at home, it's going to be fine. If you get fresh lettuce, remove the outer layers, wash it like crazy.

[00:11:38]A sanitizer or vinegar solution not going to help. So, that's the latest.

[00:11:45]Thank you. And back to you, Betsy.

[00:11:51]>> I had a sticky key, too.

[00:11:53]>> So, thank you, Dr. Barnard, for I mean that the update about lettuce. So, it's um the Taylor Farms outbreak is just the iceberg lettuce. We don't have to worry about berries and those things right now. Is that, >> you know, you It's a great question because we're not cooking berries usually, unless you bake it into a muffin or people eat them raw. They drop them on their cereal. Uh but no, they are they they have not been indicted and the jalapeno peppers haven't. It's it's Taylor Farms is huge and they have these huge tracks of land and the one that was growing iceberg lettuce is the one where the contamination occurred in this case.

[00:12:30]>> Well, thank you for the update and for the update at OHSU, too. We've been fighting so hard for those monkeys and I know our doctors and our staff are going to be very convincing at Monday's meeting.

[00:12:42]>> I I think so. And I have to say it's not an easy situation because the animal experimenters are fighting really hard because they want to keep the monkeys in the cages and they want to keep the grant money flowing in. Uh the momentum is on our side. I'm confident that we'll see progress. Uh but we're trying to make it a little bit faster than it's otherwise being.

[00:12:58]>> And we'll look forward to next Friday's update after the meeting.

[00:13:02]>> I'll fill you in.

[00:13:03]>> Okay.

[00:13:04]>> Thanks.

[00:13:04]>> And um if you haven't yet jumped in the chat, now is a great time. uh post your name and where you're joining from. And hello Pauline and Coco in Pasadena. Um Phipe in France. Thanks for joining us.

[00:13:20]Um Steve in Campbell, it's nice to see your name in the chat. Um and we have Dr. Ruth and Dr. White and Dr. Peppercorn. Um Grace in California. So um I love to see your name. So, please, if you haven't yet, gone ahead, uh, let us know that you're here.

[00:13:41]Our next presenter, Dr. Katherine Krebs, uh, is a PhD here at PCRM. And if you're missionritical regular, she's going to look very familiar to you. Um, her work centers around making the future of science animal free. And she's here today with some great news coming out of NIH that makes the future look very, very bright. Awesome.

[00:14:06]Thank you for the introduction, Betsy.

[00:14:09]Hi everyone. It's great to be back on Mission Critical. Dr. Krebs here. Um, yeah. So, I'm going to be telling you about some exciting new progress at the National Institutes of Health. There is a new office called Oriva and it has arrived. What does that stand for?

[00:14:33]Office of Research, Innovation, Validation, and Application. It's a bit of a mouthful, but what you need to know is that this is a new office within the office of the director that is coordinating nonan animal research efforts across the entire agency. So, Dr. Dr. Barard was just mentioning these new approach methodologies, these complex in vitro models based in human cells, the use of human subjects, these amazing human-based approaches to conduct medical research that don't involve animals. They're more effective, they're more ethical. This office is helping to coordinate all of these approaches to be used in every single research area across the NIH. So the NIH has a ton of different institutes and centers that study diseases, all different kinds of diseases and body systems. And this office is going to make sure that these non-animal methods are being used in every single research area and application possible to help them reach their full potential. And what does that mean for animals? That the animal methods are going to be replaced. So this is really exciting news. And to give you an idea of how far we've come to this moment where we have an office focused on non-animal methods, you know, right there under the office of the director. Let's go back to 2016.

[00:16:01]At the time, the director was Francis Collins. And in a hearing in front of Congress, he said animal safety testing for environmental chemicals and drugs will largely be replaced by tissue chips and human cells in 10 years, giving results that are more accurate at lower cost and higher throughput. Now, I really appreciate this comment from Francis Collins uh back in 2016. He had the vision. Um so where was the agency at in 2016? Well, this blog post gives you an idea. So, this was a 2016 NIH blog post. They revealed that 40% of NIH funded research used mice. And we don't even know how many mice that is. We know it's billions of dollars, something like 20 billion probably. How many mice? We don't know because the agency doesn't have a lot of transparency around it.

[00:17:00]But one estimate says that it could be up to 110 million rodents used each year in US research labs. So that's a lot of rodents being used. And how does the NIH feel about using all those mice at the time? Well, in 2019, the agency acknowledged that these mouse experiments have limitations. So they said about 40% of our research grants use mouse models creating a substantial opportunity cost if some models poorly represent the corresponding human disease. So the agency 2019 they're acknowledging that these mouse experiments have limitations to represent human biology. But what's their solution for it? Oh, let's create a working group to then improve the animal models. We're not going to switch to humanbased models, more ethical, more effective approaches. We're going to make the animal models better. So again, I'm giving you an idea of how far the agency has come. Back then, their solution to poorly translatable and unethical animal experiments was better animal experiments. Uh you might imagine at the time we had a lot to say about this. So in 2020 we provided input to the agency and we said the fundamental that the central goal of this working group is fundamentally misguided. No amount of reforms to the practice of non-human animal research will fully optimize translatability. And what the agency needed to do at the time was shift resources away from animal experiments into human-based methods.

[00:18:40]Now, the one outcome of this working group back in 2020 that we agreed with was the establishment of another working group. It's a little bit funny. You know, sometimes the federal government works in mysterious ways through a lot of bureaucracy and working groups, but anyway, they established another working group in 2022, but this time it was focused on how can the agency catalyze these nonan animal methods. So again, we provided input in 2023 with all the ways that we felt that the agency can catalyze the development and use of non-animal methods. Our response was 21 pages long. And I'm just going to go through some of the things that we recommended.

[00:19:27]We said that the agency needs to establish a permanent non-animal research program with staff and leadership in the office of the director.

[00:19:36]We said that they need to build inter agency coordination that they need to invest in non-animal infrastructure and training. Train reviewers to mitigate the bias toward animal methods. Ensure that non-animal method expertise is integrated among leadership staff and grant reviewers so that when researchers are submitting their grant proposals using non-animal methods that those grant proposals are reviewed fairly and adequately. We also said that the NIH needs to track and report animal numbers and funding toward animal and non-anim animal projects. As I mentioned earlier, the agency has poor transparency around this. So to track progress toward these goals of reducing animal use, we need to know how many animals are being used.

[00:20:23]And then lastly, to ensure that non-animal projects are not excluded from funding opportunities.

[00:20:29]And that one comment to the agency was not the only time that we made these recommendations. So this one here to establish a permanent non-anim animal research program with staff and leadership and the office of the director. We actually lobbyed on this for an appropriations ask in 2024.

[00:20:48]We made this recommendation. We make it in almost every single one of our agency comments. We consistently say that they need to invest in non-animal infrastructure and training. These recommendations are aimed at mitigating animal methods bias, which we consistently advocate for in the collab, the coalition to illuminate and address animal methods bias, an international collaboration that I've been leading to address animal methods bias for the last 5 years. And then this one also might sound familiar because it is partly what the bill that we've been leading the Federal Animal Research Accountability or FAR Act would achieve. So do these look familiar? That might be because in April of 2025, the agency announced a priority for human-based research and it included all of these measures that we have been advocating for for years, including ORIA. So, this new office, we've been advocating for this for years. This is huge. The agency's made a lot of progress. Instead of saying we're going to um you know address the translatability issues and the unethical issues related to animal experiments with better animal experiments, we're going to shift to human-based research.

[00:22:09]And this office is going to help the agency do that. And I just want to say one really cool thing. So the week that Arriva was officially launched, Warren Casey, he's the inaugural director of Arriva. What was he doing that week? He was speaking at our training event, the summer immersion. So, the agency, they are looking to us for ways of better supporting these non-anim animal methods and the policies to help make that happen. They're implementing our recommendations that we've been saying for years. And they're speaking at our events, the physicians committee. It is hard to explain to you the role, the pivotal role that we have had in this major agency progress. So, let's revisit this quote from Francis Collins back in 2016. Are we there yet? It's been 10 years. Well, I will say that animal testing is not largely replaced yet, but we are getting closer. Arriva is going to help us do that and our team at the physicians committee is helping make it count happen and of course we couldn't have done any of it without your support. So as always, thank you so much and I hope to be back next time with even better news. That's it. Thanks Betsy. Back to you.

[00:23:31]>> Hey, congratulations Dr. Krebs. This is wonderful news and it sounds just like a giant step forward.

[00:23:39]Oh, thank you. Can't wait to to hear more news the next time you come on Mission Critical.

[00:23:46]Um, and I we see all of you in the chat.

[00:23:49]Thanks so much for adding your names.

[00:23:52]Um, Tony in New Jersey is here with us today. Uh, Sonda in Denmark, Nancy and John in Charlotte, uh, Richard in Vista, and Debbie in the Gang of Fur. Love that. Thanks for being such a um a regular mission critical supporter, Debbie.

[00:24:12]Well, to round out our presentations today, help me welcome dietician Noah Prramsma. He's an expert at bringing us information that we need to know about getting healthy. And it turns out he's also an accomplished athlete and he's managed to bring those two passions together in a new series launching this fall. So, tell us all about it, Noah.

[00:24:34]>> Awesome. Well, thank you so much, Betsy.

[00:24:35]It is great to be back on Mission Critical. Um, yeah, as Betsy alluded to, uh, we have an exciting new announcement. Um, but as a little bit of background, I want to start and say that many of you probably have been aware that in the last, uh, week or so, we saw the conclusion of the 2026 FIFA World Cup. So, maybe you watched a few matches. uh as I was doing so and also keeping an eye on the news and social media coverage of the events, I was paying special attention to anytime there was discussion about how these elite athletes would eat and fuel their sport. Um now we know that a lot of vegan or a lot of athletes are adopting a vegan diet for the performance benefits. Um but unfortunately the person who got probably the most coverage uh was this player from Norway.

[00:25:22]Maybe you recognize him. His name is Erling Holland. Uh sometimes called the Viking. Uh he's a big guy, very active, so he needs about 6,000 calories a day, but most of those calories come from things like beef, liver, fish, uh eggs, even raw milk. So really not an ideal diet for most people. So for the average recreational athlete watching pros like Holland or maybe following an influencer on social media, they're going to hear a lot of nutrition myths. things like carbs are bad, that you need a lot of protein uh from animals to build muscle, and that if you're following a plant-based diet, there are probably nutrients that are missing, and that you should be taking supplements uh to go along with them. So, most of the people who are perpetuating these myths are honestly really well-intentioned. you know, they're coaches, they're personal trainers. They want you to succeed, but they don't have a ton of nutrition training to sort through the facts and the myths. So, this is an issue, as Betsy alluded to, that's really close to my heart. Um, as a dietitian, I get to work with people trying to keep them out of the hospital, but in my personal life, I get to put that nutrition knowledge into practice with endurance sports. So, I started running in high school. I did my first marathon in college and then took up triathlon a couple years ago to try to keep up with my now wife. So, I love the challenge of it. I love the way it allows me to meet friends, to spend time with family. Um, and it's also just a great way to get outside. So, these are motivations that can be behind any number of athletes reasons for being active. Um, but I've also been a vegan for 10 years. And so I've done a lot of wondering, you know, how does my diet uh fuel and synergize with my physical activity? And we think a lot of other people are wondering the same thing. So this leads us to this class that we are launching on September 14th. So, it's going to be a six-w weekek series and we're going to cover everything from exercise metabolism to how to fuel with carbohydrates, uh, build strength with a plant-based proteins and a master class on micronutrients and how we can have a complete and well-rounded diet um, as vegans and as athletes. So, I'll be hosting the class, but the real stars of the show are going to be the many guests and experts that we're bringing in. So, the first of which might be a familiar face to you. This is Cyrus Kada. Uh he is the guy behind Mastering Diabetes. Uh but in addition to being a nutrition expert, he's also a fitness coach and has a lot of knowledge that bridges the gap between those two things. Uh we have a number of athletes who are going to be joining us. Uh Maxim here is uh the co-founder of Navy Wellness. He and his partner oftentimes table at our conference. Uh so we we might be seeing them pretty soon in August. Uh he also has a former career as a basketball player, bodybuilder, powerlifter, and triathlete. So, a lot of really amazing uh perspectives that he's going to bring. Uh this is actually a former PCRM employee who uh used to work in the clinical research division. Uh now is a nurse and champion strongwoman and bodybuilder, Melissa Fakara. Uh this is one of our our friends uh the former president of the Navajo Nation, Jonathan Nez. uh he transformed his own health with ultra running and a plant-based diet and is now a fierce health advocate in his community.

[00:28:49]And then we're gonna have a number of dietitians joining us, uh nutri sports dietitians. So, this is Amanda Wagner, one of them who will be with us. Um she is a running coach, former D1 runner herself, currently training for the Chicago Marathon with a sponsorship from Runners World magazine, uh and of course is a dietitian.

[00:29:09]And then one more that I'll share for now. Uh this is Daniel Healey. Uh better known by his ring name of Austin Aries.

[00:29:15]He's a professional wrestler and multi-time national champion. So we are adding more names to our list. Uh you can check out our website, our web page to see who's been confirmed so far. Uh most recently I just spoke with Megan Dooham who is a champion figure skater uh with Olympic gold, silver, and bronze medals to her name. um and she is very likely going to be joining the the class.

[00:29:40]So when someone registers, of course, you will get access to those six live presentations and we're really going to try to break down the barriers of access to these athletes, allow you people to ask questions uh and have a dedicated athlete roundt session. Uh, in addition to this though, we're going to have some meal plans, uh, some recipes that are go-tos of our guest athletes that people will, uh, that our attendees will be able to try for themselves. And we're also making a custom hat that we'll share, uh, with everyone who registers.

[00:30:13]So, I just want to close with a few of our goals for this class. So, we know that physical activity is so important for an overall healthy lifestyle, and we want to help people synergize their exercise routines with their plant-based diets. So, we know that there are a lot of vegans out there who are interested in athletics, but we also want to reach non-vegans, people who maybe just need a nudge to get animals off their plate and actually see performance improvements as they do. So, there's kind of a larger goal, too. Elite athletes like the ones that we have in this joining us for this class, their accomplishments are inspirational without a doubt, but can sometimes feel unachievable or really far off to someone who is just beginning their athletic journey, maybe has yet to find the motivation to get off the couch and train for their first 5K. So, this class is our way of bringing stories of what plant-based diets can do closer to home for the average person. We want to empower the people who attend this class to uh who are average people but following an extraordinary diet to step outside of their comfort zone and inspire the people around them. So early bird pricing is in effect through August 1st. We would be so grateful if you would share this class with your friends, family, anyone who identifies as an athlete or maybe who just aspires to.

[00:31:32]So with that, I will pass it over back to Betsy.

[00:31:39]Hey, stay with us, Noah. Um, and Katherine, why don't you come back, too, because I want to ask both of you a couple things. Uh, Noah, let me start with you. This class, I have to say, it sounds really exciting and the people that you've included as uh participating in the teaching, it it just sounds terrific. Um, I would guess that a lot of people who might want to participate are not at the level that you and the instructors are. Um, and they might feel a little bit intimidated. But if I'm a couch potato and I come from a long generation of couch potatoes, can I join your class and will will will you get me going in the right direction?

[00:32:15]>> Absolutely. Yeah, the class is really meant to be for everyone. We really try to marry both education and inspiration.

[00:32:21]So whichever one speaks to you, uh wherever you are in your health journey, uh there's a spot for you here.

[00:32:27]>> All right. I can't wait for it to start.

[00:32:29]U and so if people want to sign up, where do they go? Uh we have a web page on our events page. Uh it should be in the chat. Um >> okay, looks like again there it is. We got it. Okay. Thank you. Uh Katherine, over to you. Um Katherine, I I'm so amazed when you showed that quote from Francis Collins about what he was forecasting 10 years ago and the progress that we have made. Um, it seems to me the progress has been instead of advocates like us and and and others sort of being outside the gates of NIH, we are now within and we are working with them and arm wrestling with them and really pushing this forward and they're they're embracing it as their own, which is that alone is fantastic.

[00:33:10]Looking forward, tell me how optimistic you are in in having this translate into the numbers of animals, whether they are dogs, cats, monkeys, uh rodents, whoever. How optimistic are you that those numbers are going to be starting to drop?

[00:33:26]>> Yeah, I'm really optimistic. Exactly what you say. You know, we used to be shouting all of these recommendations from the outside looking in and now we have a direct line to agency leadership.

[00:33:40]And that's not just my team in the NIH.

[00:33:42]That's our colleagues who work with other federal agencies like the FDA and EPA. And yeah, this is going to have a real impact for animals. We are going to start to see animal numbers going down.

[00:33:55]There are real replacements happening.

[00:33:58]This isn't just abstract. This is human-based methods replacing animals being used in labs. It's really exciting.

[00:34:07]>> Great. Well, Katherine, between you and the team that's getting animals out of out of cages and Noah's efforts to get them all off the plate, uh it's going to be a different world. Uh Betsy, come on back.

[00:34:18]>> Very, very exciting. Thank you to you to all the presenters. Um and thanks to everybody for tuning in today to hear the latest news. And we hope that you join us for the athletes class and also come out and join us in California for the impact weekend events. And you can find information and details on both of those things at pcrm.org/events.

[00:34:46]So enjoy your weekend and we'll see you right back here next Friday for a brand new Mission Critical. Thanks everybody.