MATHEMATICS BRAILLE;BASIC OPERATION SIGNS & RULES

[00:02:15]Good morning good people. Uh thank you once again for your attendance, your patience. We are introducing you to mathematics brain notation.

[00:02:29]I E033 and so as uh I said yesterday here we are going to look at the computation of numbers very very key and under the numbers we'll look at uh by the end of this unit as a student you should be able to and as a teacher your student should be able to read and write all numbers in braille They should be able to read and write basic mathematical operation signs in brain.

[00:03:04]They should also be able to read and write fractions, decimals and percentages in Braille.

[00:03:11]They should also be able to distinguish between the different mathematical brackets in Braille and they should be able to compute operations involving all numbers using the abacas.

[00:03:26]And second last they should be com able to compute operations involving fractions and decimals using the abacas. Finally they should be able to work out simple mathematical computations using the tailor frames and cub themes.

[00:03:50]In this unit, we will look at uh three subsections and uh three areas.

[00:03:59]We'll look at numbers and basic operations.

[00:04:03]We look at computations using abacas and also using cubids and the tailor frame.

[00:04:12]Under this section, we are looking at numbers and basic operations under section one.

[00:04:19]And here we look at whole numbers.

[00:04:23]We will also look at uh basic operation signs.

[00:04:28]We look at fractions, decimals, uh decimal fractions and percentages.

[00:04:36]At the same time, uh it's good that we first of all look at all numbers and uh as you're aware on our previous lessons, we say that uh dot 3 and 456 which is called a number sign or a numeral sign should not start a bra word. That is in English. But in mathematics before we write a number it must start with that numeral sign.

[00:05:10]Secondly we say that we are forming numbers from a to j.

[00:05:21]So a to j that is where we are going to form the numbers 1 to 9 and finally number zero. Zero is a number in mathematics braille.

[00:05:35]So numerous sign precedes one or more of the letters a to j and it shows that the sides the signs it shows that the signs that follow represent numbers.

[00:05:47]So for example in writing number one we will have numeral sign dot 3 and 4 56 then dot.1 or that for letter a. So it's no longer going to be a letter but now in this case going to be number one. Number two is going to be numeral sign then letter B.

[00:06:08]Number three will be numeral sign letter C.

[00:06:14]Number four will be numeral sign letter D.

[00:06:19]Number five will be numeral sign then letter E. That is dots representing that letter. Number six will be numeral sign letter F.

[00:06:32]Number seven will be numeral sign letter G.

[00:06:39]Number eight will be numeral sign letter H.

[00:06:45]And number nine will be numeral sign letter I. And finally zero numeral sign followed by dots for letter J.

[00:06:57]So for us to be able to write numbers it is a rule and it's a must that uh in writing num uh in writing numbers the numeral sign must come first before the number. Look at number one numeral sign one. Number two, numeral sign dot 1 2.

[00:07:21]Number three, numeral sign dot 1 and 4.

[00:07:29]Number four, numeral sign 1 and 45.

[00:07:35]Number five is numeral sign 15.

[00:07:42]Number six, numeral sign 1 2 and 4.

[00:07:48]Number seven, numeral sign 1 2 and 45.

[00:07:54]Number eight is numeral sign 2 and 4.

[00:08:02]Then number zero is numeral sign 2 and 45.

[00:08:13]There is what we call comma separator in mathematics. For example, when you want to write 2,2, 145, that is 2,145.

[00:08:25]The comma in mathematics is three, comma separator. In mathematics when we are dealing with numeral sign when we are dealing with numerals symbols the comma separator is dot three.

[00:08:45]In writing numbers with more than three digits do three is used to represent the print comma dividing off the th00and and this rule applies only to figures. For example, as you able to see, we have 4500 which is written as numeral sign 4 3 then 500.

[00:09:09]We can also use that numeral sign I mean that comma when we are dealing with a figure that has more than 100 like in this case we have 275 million 250,000. So there are two commas after two after five and also after zero.

[00:09:33]So the comma in this case we are going to use uh dot3 as comma in mathematics brain.

[00:09:48]It's good that uh we we get to understand that in dealing with mathematics brain one must get to understand basic operation science.

[00:10:01]Here we are going to learn about five basic operation signs in mathematics bra. And the first basic operation sign is addition or plus sign.

[00:10:16]We'll look at subtraction or minus sign.

[00:10:22]We'll look at multiplication sign.

[00:10:27]We'll also look at the division sign.

[00:10:29]And finally we have the equal sign. All those five or all these five are basic operation sign.

[00:10:40]They are all basic operation sign.

[00:10:46]Let's look at the first one. Addition or plus.

[00:10:50]In addition, we are saying that addition sign for us to be able to write a basic operation sign, we must preede all basic operation signs with dot 56.

[00:11:08]Something that we also call a letter sign. We will talk about letter sign uh deeply when we'll be talking about algebraic expressions where we'll be having symbols and with the letters.

[00:11:25]We'll talk about this. We'll talk about that one later.

[00:11:30]But of most importance is that uh every each and every basic operation sign must be preceded by five and dot six.

[00:11:41]And so in this case addition sign is dot 56 followed by lower f. So 56 lower f is addition sign.

[00:11:55]Subtraction sign is 56 bottom C.

[00:12:01]Remember that we said for letter C there is no lower C. It's either it is letter C, middle C or bottom C.

[00:12:16]Then multiplication sign we have 56 lower H.

[00:12:24]56 followed by lower H.

[00:12:34]We have division sign which is 56 followed by lower D.

[00:12:40]56 followed by lower D is uh for uh vision sign.

[00:12:50]And then we have equal sign which is dot 56 lower G.

[00:13:01]We have a formula to to help us remember this that is faith come here don't go.

[00:13:13]Faith come here don't go. As you're able to see uh we have uh the first letters of our formula in red after they have been preceded by 56 they must follow they must have a lower letters that is 56 lower F6 bottom C56 lower H 56 lower D and finally 56 lower G in that order. So we have the addition sign, the subtraction sign, the multiplication sign, the division sign, the equal sign and of course the equal sign is the last one. What are the rules? Braille is a home of rules very simple rules that help us to uh to remain within the parameters and within uh what is required. The first basic rule governing the use of uh uh this basic operation sign is that each basic operation sign must be preceded by a letter sign 56. It is a must that each basic operation sign be preceded by 56.

[00:14:58]Number two, we are also saying that uh all basic operations are written based from what precedes them as you'll be able to see.

[00:15:16]And number three is that uh uh all basic corporation signs are written adjoined.

[00:15:28]They are written adjoined uh to whatever they precede. And finally that all basic operation signs must be allowed uh sorry must be lowered except subtraction which is bottom C. The fourth rule is that all basic operation signs must be lowered except subtraction uh subtraction which is bottom C.

[00:16:01]Now of course having uh having mentioned that uh it's good that uh we take note it's good to take note of the same. I want to take you to some few examples here.

[00:16:20]You can be able to see we have 4 + 2 = 6.

[00:16:26]And we are saying the first rule is that uh you realize that uh for us to write a number the number must be preceded by a numeral sign. But the first rule was each basic operation sign must be preceded by a letter sign. So we have numeral sign then uh the dots for letter D to mean four and the first rule is saying each basic operation sign must be followed by a letter sign. So allow me teach rule two then I'll teach rule one. Rule two was that all basic operations are written space from what precedes them. So we have four four must be spaced four then we space the basic operation sign that is addition sign which is 56 lower f6 lower f is addition sign and rule two was saying all basic operation signs must be written space from what precedes them whatever that comes before them they must be written space. So for space 56 lower f rule number one was each basic operation sign must be preceded by.56.

[00:17:50]So now 56 lower f for addition then for us to write the two again because it is 4 + 2. For us to write the two, we put a numeral sign then two.

[00:18:09]Remember that our rule number three was saying that all basic operation signs must be written adjoin all basic operation signs are written at join to whatever they precede.

[00:18:21]So here addition comes before two. So plus then two plus two. So the rule is we are going to write the addition sign and the two and spaced we are adjoining whatever coming is coming after the basic operation sign. So 56 lower f plus the numeral sign then two rule number three all basic operations are written and join to whatever they pre.

[00:18:55]So + two is written and spaced and again we are going to space it because remember after + two we have the equal sign and that plus two is coming before the equal sign. So we are going to put a space one space and then we'll have 56 lower g for the equal sign and then we are not going to space because uh six is coming after the equal sign. We are going to write the six adjoin to the equal sign such that it's going to be 56.56 lower G the numeral sign F for six. So we'll have written two space plus sorry four space plus two we are join space equals six are joined together.

[00:20:00]So when your work is going to be marked the marker will check did you put numeral sign before writing four? Yes. Did you space before the addition sign? Yes.

[00:20:15]Did you write the addition and two and join together without space? Yes.

[00:20:20]Did you space before writing the equal sign? Yes.

[00:20:24]Did you write did you put 56 before lower G? Yes. And did you write numeral sign before writing six? Yes. And did you join the equal sign and six together? Yes. And so that is how we are supposed to deal with basic operation sign.

[00:20:48]We have the addition sign.

[00:20:51]As you able to see here the first one we have 2 + 3.

[00:21:04]Here we have 2 + 3.

[00:21:16]And after that we have you can see here we have the second one here we have now as 7 + 4.

[00:21:29]Number three, we have the third one.

[00:21:31]Here we have 16 + 2 uh 16 + 237.

[00:21:46]And the fourth one, we have 2 comma 800. 2,800 + 300 + 200, sorry, plus 200. And finally we have 0 0 0 4 + 39 + 12 + 23, 444.

[00:22:54]Subtraction sign is written as dot 56 bottom C.

[00:23:00]Just as I have I have just illustrated above.

[00:23:06]I want you to see now this one has certain arrows. These arrows you see here indicates the spaces. So the first one we have uh 8 - 6.

[00:23:21]The second one we have two.

[00:23:30]Sorry. Uh we have 20 minus 5 multiplication sign 4 * 2 that is the red one.

[00:23:49]The blue one 3 * 9 and the green one is 33 * 33.

[00:24:02]Division sign is written as do 56 lower D.

[00:24:19]So the first one is 6 * 3.

[00:24:33]The second one is 12 * 4.

[00:24:40]How do we use equal sign?

[00:24:44]Which is 56 lower G? So I want you to look at this. We have numeral sign 6 space addition sign numeral sign 4. So this is 6 + 4 space 56 lower g or equal sign numeral sign 1 0. So the first one is 4 + 6 + 4 = 10.

[00:25:13]The second one is 7 + 2 = 9.

[00:25:24]And the third one is 86 - 40 equals 50.

[00:25:48]And here we are not dealing with computations like you must get the right answer.

[00:25:55]Here we are looking at the concept of uh converting or concept of putting mathematics in it in in braille um notations. We are not interested so much in the answer. So you'll meet certain exercises reading 2 + 4 is equals to 30.

[00:26:18]We are looking at your ability to debil that uh correctly. So during your free time I want you to try uh the slide you are able to see uh that assignment so that next time we will be able to look at uh we'll be able to look at the fractions and decimals. Otherwise, thank you very much for taking your time to follow up with us during our introduction to Braille 3 mathematics braille notation and have a lovely day.