GST101 MODULE 3 UNIT 3 READING FOR VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT II

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[00:00:29]Hello everyone. Good evening.

[00:00:35]Good evening. I believe you can all hear me.

[00:00:46]I welcome every one of us to tonight's class.

[00:00:49]And for GST 101, which is the use of English and communication skills one.

[00:00:57]So, we are going to continue from where we stopped.

[00:01:02]In our previous class, we stopped at uh vocabulary reading for vocabulary development one.

[00:01:11]So, that's for module three, unit two.

[00:01:15]But today, we are going to be we are looking at reading for vocabulary development two.

[00:01:21]So, it's like the second part of the previous class that we did. So, this is the second part.

[00:01:30]Reading for vocabulary development two.

[00:01:33]And in our last class, we talked about how to improve your vocabulary development.

[00:01:41]Yeah, how you can make an improvement.

[00:01:45]How to strategize so as to boost your academic success also.

[00:01:53]So, talking about this vocabulary development, you know, vocabulary are just the words that you know. Vocabulary is the words that you know, that you can make use of, that you can speak of, that you can use to conversate.

[00:02:08]That is for vocabulary. So, and vocabulary development itself is just like the process of you learning, of you understanding, and using more words over time.

[00:02:20]So, when you can actually learn, you can understand, and you can use more of these words over time. You know, these are words you know already.

[00:02:32]These are words you know already. So, for you to be able to make use of them in a very understandable way, it's called the vocabulary development. So, it's not just you memorizing definitions.

[00:02:44]It's not just you memorizing words like you Yeah, you just No.

[00:02:48]It is just your ability of The ability of you to build words.

[00:02:55]Like, it's just about you building your ability to recognize, to recall, and to use words accurately in speaking, reading, writing, and thinking.

[00:03:06]So, the process of you being able to make use of to build up words, like, your ability to build words, to recognize them, to be able to use them accurately in your speaking, in your reading, in your writing, and in your thinking, it is called vocabulary development.

[00:03:24]You know, in our previous class then, I said you can actually be learning one word per day. If you learn a word per day, that's 365 words in a year.

[00:03:35]So, you are not memorizing a word per day. Instead, you are learning a word per day.

[00:03:40]So, when you know, okay, for an example now, reading. You want to learn reading.

[00:03:44]Reading, you take a definition of Yeah, you look at the definition of meaning.

[00:03:48]You look at how it can be used in a sentence.

[00:03:52]That is how you learn. Not you just memorizing the definition alone. Look at how it can be used in a sentence. You can even check for the synonyms, words that are related to it.

[00:04:03]So, that is for vocabulary development.

[00:04:06]So, let's start tonight's class.

[00:04:11]So, let's look at the introduction of the vocabulary development, too.

[00:04:17]So, this unit teaches students how to understand difficult words while reading passage.

[00:04:25]In university, especially in National Open University of Nigeria course, you will meet many unfamiliar words in textbooks, in your handouts, in your newspaper, in your journals, and in your exam passages.

[00:04:38]So, there's probability that you'll meet new words every time you read.

[00:04:41]There's no Mr. Know-It-All.

[00:04:44]There's no Mr. Know-It-All. So, you will read your handout, you read your newspaper, you read your journals, you read your exam like exam passages, you are going to meet new words.

[00:04:56]New words that you will never know the meaning. You will have to check for the meaning before you will be able to recognize that word.

[00:05:03]So, instead of running to dictionary for every difficult word, this unit teaches smarter ways to guess meanings using lexical lexical familiarization, past experience, dictionary skills.

[00:05:20]So, the the the purpose of this unit is instead of you running to the dictionary for every difficult for every difficult words, you can actually use what? Lexical familiarization.

[00:05:34]Lexical familiarization.

[00:05:37]You can also use past experience.

[00:05:41]You can use past experience. You can use dictionary skills.

[00:05:47]So, this method improve your reading speed.

[00:05:51]It improves your vocabulary development.

[00:05:54]It increase your comprehension and it increase your academic confidence.

[00:05:59]So, if you are able to actually use this three this this this three steps with this three ways of actually guessing what if you are actually learning these three things, you'll be able to do what to to to to actually learn how to learn the meaning of words faster or to learn the meaning of words smarter than you running to the dictionary every time you see difficult words.

[00:06:27]And there are benefits to this because it will actually improve your reading speed.

[00:06:32]It will also improve your vocabulary development and your comprehension.

[00:06:36]How you understand things.

[00:06:38]And you will have this kind of sharp academic confidence.

[00:06:43]So, let's look at the objective of the unit. So, at the end of this unit you should be able to find the meaning of word using related words in the passage.

[00:06:54]You should be able to use your personal experiences to understand difficult words.

[00:06:59]And you should be able to use a dictionary effectively.

[00:07:03]So, these are the objectives you should know before the ending of this class.

[00:07:08]So, let's go into the main content.

[00:07:12]So, the first one is finding meaning through lexical familiarization.

[00:07:17]How do you find meaning through lexical familiarization? You don't want to go to your dictionary because you see a difficult word or you see a new word.

[00:07:27]Instead of you rushing to the to your dictionary, you want to make use of lexical familiarization. So, what does this lexical familiarization means?

[00:07:36]So, lexical simply means vocabulary or word.

[00:07:40]The word lexica means vocabulary or words.

[00:07:49]So, lexical familiarization means using familiar or related words around a difficult word to guess its meaning.

[00:08:00]So, the process of you using familiar word or related word around a difficult word to guess its meaning is called lexical familiarization.

[00:08:13]So, something like, "Okay, look look at the meaning of this lexica, for an example.

[00:08:17]The It means vocabulary.

[00:08:19]You know, vocabulary is just another word for lexica. So, which means if you are seeing lexica for the first time and you don't know the meaning, you can actually use vocabulary as a related word to guess the meaning of lexica word itself, which means the same thing.

[00:08:38]So, writers usually use clues near the difficult word to help readers understand. So, as a writer, writers they usually place clues near a difficult word. Even then, they are aware that this kind of word they are adding to their book, they are adding to their handout is a difficult word. So, what do they do?

[00:09:00]They add They used to place clues.

[00:09:03]Clues. They add clues near to the difficult words to help readers with the readers to understand.

[00:09:10]For an example, suppose you read, "The governor showed generosity and charitable behavior towards flood victim."

[00:09:23]The governor showed generosity and charitable behavior toward flood victim.

[00:09:29]So, even if you did not know charitable, even if you are not familiar with the word charitable, the word generosity itself it helps you to be able to guess that charitable means either kind, either helpful helpful, either giving.

[00:09:45]If you look at the sentence again, it says the governor showed generosity and charitable. It is not It is not stated as generosity or charitable. It says generosity and charitable, which means two Those two words, they are directly meaning the same thing.

[00:10:06]They can actually go for each other.

[00:10:08]Like they can be substitute for each other.

[00:10:10]It's just like you you you telling the leader that you are you are you are beautiful and vibrant.

[00:10:17]There's no way the vibrant will mean the opposite of beauty. There's no way. So it has to go with each other.

[00:10:23]So even if you do not understand the word charitable, you see this this generosity here, and you know the meaning of generosity. So you should be able to what?

[00:10:33]Relate it together with the sentence so that you can understand what charitable means. So you are guessing.

[00:10:42]You are guessing the meaning of charitable as help, kind, or giving.

[00:10:50]So if you look at this example, the market was congested and choked with people.

[00:10:56]The word congested helps to explain what choke.

[00:11:02]congested and choke So which means the congested helps to explain the word choke. You are not familiar with what choke. But at least once you know the meaning of congested, this is it it is used with choke.

[00:11:19]So you should understand that choke is just a relatable word.

[00:11:24]relatable word for what? For congested So the market was congested and choked with people.

[00:11:33]So examples from the past exam inside the textbook, inside the handout.

[00:11:37]So, examples from this part passage, the difficult words from there capability capability. Why the related word that is nearby is what? Capacity.

[00:11:51]And the meaning of this is what? Ability. So, capability capability is actually When you look at the word capability another relatable word that we can use for this capability is what? Capacity.

[00:12:13]Which means ability. Capacity means the ability.

[00:12:16]Capability also means the ability.

[00:12:20]Then the second word is stupendous.

[00:12:24]When you look at this stupendous, it means plenty or large.

[00:12:30]Then a relatable word for this stupendous is wealth, according to the passage.

[00:12:35]Wealth.

[00:12:37]Which also means you have something in excess like plenty and large.

[00:12:42]And you are wealthy, it means you have money in excess. You have every good thing in excess.

[00:12:57]Then another example is commitment.

[00:13:01]So, commitment means what? Dedication. You are putting yourself.

[00:13:06]Like you are sacrificing yourself. You are dedicating yourself to something.

[00:13:10]Then a relatable word that is nearby is sincere.

[00:13:16]You can use the word sincere. You can use the word determination.

[00:13:22]But it's still the same thing as what?

[00:13:23]Dedication.

[00:13:28]Then another one.

[00:13:37]Trio.

[00:13:39]This trio means group of three. Like tribes, group of three. And a relatable word that is nearby to this trio is what? Three leaders that are mentioned.

[00:13:50]Like the the three leaders are being mentioned inside the passage.

[00:13:54]That kind of the passage that the passage [clears throat] very much. So, the three leaders are mentioned inside the passage. So, when you see trio, it means what? Group of three.

[00:14:04]When you see duo, d u o, group of two.

[00:14:09]Then the difficult word, another one is ethnic pluralism.

[00:14:15]Ethnic pluralism.

[00:14:18]The relatable word that is nearby to this is what? Multiplicity of tribe.

[00:14:28]Multiplicity of tribe.

[00:14:31]So, ethnic pluralism, the nearby word, the relatable word that is closer to this is what? Multiplicity of tribe. And it means many ethnic group.

[00:14:42]So, it means many ethnic group. When there is many ethnic group, multiplicity of tribe.

[00:14:49]So, that is according to the passage.

[00:14:54]So, let's start the next one.

[00:14:57]Why lexical familiarization is important.

[00:15:00]So, why is this important?

[00:15:02]So, according to the meaning of this lexical familiarization, I said it's it's it actually means when you are becoming familiar with word, like becoming familiar with word and their forms.

[00:15:14]So, you can recognize and process them more easily.

[00:15:18]So, it's just like you using you getting familiar or using related word to understand a particular word before you go and before you go and check for it inside the dictionary.

[00:15:31]Like the example that we gave there, congested and choked. You know, congested helps to what? Explain choked.

[00:15:38]Charitable. When you say generosity and you're saying charitable, you should understand that it's they are still like together. So, the meaning of generosity will be closer to the meaning of charitable.

[00:15:49]Charity.

[00:15:52]So, and this lexical familiarization is is the first step before you can really know a word.

[00:15:59]It's the first step you need you need to develop before you can know before you can really know a word.

[00:16:11]Because this same lexical familiarization is going to expose you like it it will give you an exposure to seeing or hearing the word multiple times in context. You'll be able to see and hear.

[00:16:25]So, lexical familiarization is is is very important if you want to develop or if you want to learn new word and and you don't want to rush to dictionary. So, you need to know how to make use of relatable words, how to make use of familiar words.

[00:16:41]So, let's look at the reason why lexical familiarization is important.

[00:16:46]It helps students to what? Understand passages faster.

[00:16:50]So, as a student, it helps to understand what? Passages faster. You'll be able to understand passages faster because any difficult word you see, you are able to think and make use of relatable words to start it.

[00:17:05]Instead of you leaving that passage and go and be carrying the dictionary up and down, you'll be able to your what? Use your use relatable words and this will help you to understand the passage faster.

[00:17:19]Then, vocabulary naturally. So, this lexical familiarization helps to improve vocabulary naturally naturally because you'll be able to develop You're seeing new words and you're able to comprehend these new words. You're able to understand them faster. So, it means it is adding to you.

[00:17:38]Your vocabulary is improving that learning new words every time you read and you're understanding these new words. It's not as if you're just memorizing it for memorizing's sake.

[00:17:48]But, you are understanding it and you're making use of it later.

[00:17:53]Then, it reduces overdependence on dictionary.

[00:17:57]So, when you are familiar with this lexical familiarization, when you know how to make use of it, it reduces your overdependence on dictionary. You don't have to start looking for dictionary up and down because you want to understand the word.

[00:18:11]Then, the fourth one, read confidently during exams. So, it helps you to be able to read confidently during exams because in in this GST 101, when later down the line you'll be seeing words like the synonyms for this word, antonyms for this word.

[00:18:29]If If you are If you are good at lexical familiarization, you don't need to what?

[00:18:33]To panic.

[00:18:35]And you see questions that are asking you for synonyms, you should just look at the passage that you are given. Look at the sentence that you are given. And what? Use familiar words. Use suitable words to understand the meaning. Then, you give your answer confidently.

[00:18:50]So, these are the four reasons why lexical familiarization is important.

[00:18:54]So, let's go to discussion on Nigeria past and MBA position.

[00:19:00]Discussion on Nigeria past and MBA position. There's a passage on this I was talking about Nigeria past and MBA position. So, the passage discuss discusses Nigeria greatness.

[00:19:13]So, this passage discusses Nigeria's greatness, resources, and the leadership and the leadership history.

[00:19:21]So, we discuss about leadership increase.

[00:19:29]Their resources and their leadership history. So, the writer used many difficult words, but also provided clues around them. You know, according to this lexical formulation, I said those words any word that any difficult word that the writer is creating in a novel or in a passage or in a comprehension, there's always a clue There's always a clue around those words.

[00:19:54]So, let's look at an example here.

[00:19:58]So, example one.

[00:20:02]Nigeria possesses stupendous wealth.

[00:20:07]Sorry, stupendous wealth. So, Nigeria possesses stupendous wealth. If you look at this example, the nearby word there is what? Wealth.

[00:20:18]That is the nearby word, wealth.

[00:20:20]And if you look at this stupendous, it says Nigeria possesses stupendous wealth. So, wealth is a clue. And they're telling you that Nigeria possesses stupendous wealth. Like they're adding wealth to it. And we literally know that wealth means something that is much like in essence or that is large, that is plenty.

[00:20:42]So, the nearby word wealth helps you to know that stupendous means what? Very great or massive.

[00:20:51]So, it means very great or massive.

[00:20:57]So, they're trying to tell us that Nigeria possesses what?

[00:21:00]A very great wealth or a very massive wealth.

[00:21:07]Then talking about the example that we did under this lexical formulation that was talking about congestion and choke.

[00:21:16]Congestion and choke people. I think choke Yeah, I think choke of people something like that. So, that congestion and choke Congestion is able to explain choke.

[00:21:26]Choke means when you're talking about people in a particular place. So, when they are saying they are choke it means the place is what? Overcrowded. They can't breathe.

[00:21:36]That is why they are choke because it's what? It is overcrowded.

[00:21:41]So, that's for the first example. So, second example says Nigeria suffers from the ethnic pluralism.

[00:21:49]Ethnic plura- pluralism. So, another part of the passage talks about many tribes in Nigeria. Inside that passage we were talking about many tribes in Nigeria.

[00:22:01]So, that many tribes in Nigeria is just like a clue to this definition. The code word that is ethnic pluralization. And you know the meaning of plural is what?

[00:22:10]Something that is more that is that is more than one.

[00:22:14]And ethnic itself is the Nigeria tribes now that we know.

[00:22:19]So, Nigeria tribe is ethnic ethnic.

[00:22:22]Pluralism means something that is more than one.

[00:22:25]So, and the example says Nigeria suffers from ethnic pluralism. So, another part of the passage talks about many tribes in Nigeria. So, this ethnic pluralism means what?

[00:22:38]The existence of many ethnic group.

[00:22:43]So, that is without you looking at dictionary just the word together.

[00:22:54]So, just the word together you can actually suggest what is there. You can actually guess the meaning of those words.

[00:23:13]>> Let's look at the examples of the Nigerian ethnic group here. This was listed This was listed in the passage. Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo, Tiv, Ijaw.

[00:23:26]So, this you know they are more than one.

[00:23:29]That is why it is regarded as ethnic pluralism.

[00:23:33]Many tribes in Nigeria. So, let's go to the third example.

[00:23:38]Third example.

[00:23:41]So, under this third example, the political trio the political trio That is just the example there, the political trio. Then the writer mentions Ahmadu Bello, Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikiwe.

[00:23:58]So, inside the passage, before they use the word the political trio, the writer itself has already announced these three names.

[00:24:06]Ahmadu Bello, Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikiwe.

[00:24:09]So, since these three people are the only notable people inside the passage and the sentence is telling you that the political trio and you and you know you know obviously that these three people they are they are politicians.

[00:24:22]They are politicians and the and the sentence is the political trio.

[00:24:28]Instead of you looking at dictionary this is a passage you have been reading.

[00:24:32]And what you are reading you are supposed to understand. So, you should be able to understand that since they are just three people three political people there, so the trio what means group of three.

[00:24:46]That is how you make use of this lexical familiarization.

[00:24:52]So, let's go to another subtopic inside this unit.

[00:24:56]Finding meaning using past experience.

[00:24:58]You know, that is the second one.

[00:25:00]After lexical familiarization is what?

[00:25:02]Using past experience. So, finding meaning using past experience now.

[00:25:08]You know, sometimes your life experience helps you to understand word. Yes, sometimes.

[00:25:14]Not every time, not always.

[00:25:19]So, you may know part of the word or a similar word or the situation that is discussed.

[00:25:27]There's probability that you know you may know the part of the word, you may know a similar word, and you may know the situation that is discussed.

[00:25:37]So, this helps you to be able to guess meaning.

[00:25:41]This helps you to be able to guess meaning. For an example, example one.

[00:25:46]Let's look at the word impoveri- sorry, impoverishment.

[00:25:53]This word impoverishment.

[00:25:58]You already know that poverty is lack of money, abi? Yeah, poverty means lack of money.

[00:26:06]Poverty means lack of money.

[00:26:08]Then the word impoverishment, although they are not suggesting any word there, but using your past experience, maybe you know part of this word, you know a similar word that is closer to this, or you know a situation that is discussed and the meaning of this word.

[00:26:28]So, it might help you to what? To guess the meaning.

[00:26:31]So, when you are using past experience for this, the word impoverishment means poor, like when you mean when when something is poor, like a state of becoming poor.

[00:26:43]That's the meaning of this impoverishment.

[00:26:45]Or a process of making something poorer or even weaker.

[00:26:51]So, you can make use of your past experience to understand this. In the passage, the writer must add clue.

[00:27:00]So, the writer must add clue even though you you don't know the meaning, but using the clue there For example now, I say years of war led to the impoverishment of the region.

[00:27:15]Now, look at the word war.

[00:27:17]So, years of war led to the im- im- poverishment of the region. Which means year of war was the one that led to the what? To to the poverty or to the to the region becoming poorer because of that war.

[00:27:36]So, that war is a clue.

[00:27:38]By stating that war cannot add good things to a particular region. War will only add bad thing.

[00:27:43]War will only add more struggles. War will only add more poverty.

[00:27:49]So, that is you using past experience.

[00:27:52]What you encounter before or what you know before.

[00:27:58]So, im- im- poverishment means making people poor.

[00:28:05]So, let's So, let's look at another example.

[00:28:09]Example two, the word maximum.

[00:28:13]Maximum.

[00:28:15]You have heard MTN maximum bonus bonus.

[00:28:18]You've heard maximum security prison.

[00:28:20]Yeah.

[00:28:22]So, you've heard of these two things.

[00:28:23]You've heard of maximum bonus maybe at place of work. Maybe for MTN. Maybe you recharge a card or you recharge your data.

[00:28:32]So, the word maximum means what? Highest amount.

[00:28:38]So, even without you checking dictionary, using your past experience, using what you heard of, what you heard the meaning of this maximum. Maybe someone have told you that yeah, there's a there's a prison called maximum security prison and that's like a very big prison like prison of the highest the very respectable prison in Nigeria.

[00:28:59]Or you heard of MTN maximum bonus.

[00:29:02]I then give you the highest bonus.

[00:29:06]So you can actually use that as past experience to understand that the word maximum means highest amount according to the passage that you're reading or according to the novel that you're reading.

[00:29:18]So that is how you make use of your past experience.

[00:29:23]Then example two.

[00:29:25]The word hereditary.

[00:29:28]The word hereditary. So you you may you may hear diabetes is hereditary.

[00:29:34]You might have heard something like that. Diabetes is hereditary. So from your experience when they say diabetes is hereditary and in the kind of occasion they make use of it, maybe you're in the hospital.

[00:29:46]And after a checkup you were told that diabetes is hereditary. So which means maybe you inherited from your parents or from your forefathers or from your grandparents.

[00:29:56]So without much explanation when you see this word again in another passage or in or in another context you should be able to understand using your past experience that hereditary means something that is passed from parents by birth.

[00:30:13]A trait that is passed that is passed from parents to the child by birth.

[00:30:19]So that is the meaning of hereditary.

[00:30:21]So according to the passage once you see it use your past experience that I've heard of this thing before.

[00:30:28]And when they told me that diabetes is hereditary which means I was able to I was able to get this diabetes from my parents who were diabetic. So you can actually clock that in and understand and be able to comprehend it that hereditary means passed from parents So, that is how you make use of your past experience.

[00:30:50]So, you can use lexical familiarization.

[00:30:52]You can use past experience.

[00:30:55]So, let's look at the important warning on this.

[00:30:59]So, do not assume every word always mean the same thing in every context.

[00:31:04]Yes, this is this is very important.

[00:31:08]Don't assume that every word means the same thing in every context. Different context can be the same context.

[00:31:18]For an example, understanding, comprehending, acknowledging acknowledging.

[00:31:25]These three words, they can they can actually be made use of in different content context.

[00:31:31]And if you make use of one instead of one, you're going to get a wrong meaning.

[00:31:39]They're going to get a wrong meaning. If you look at this 3101, instead of instead of them making the topic or making the title of the unit to be listening and understanding, they're using the word listening and comprehension because comprehension is it's the one that fits more compared to understanding.

[00:31:59]And at the same time, comprehension can still mean a passage.

[00:32:04]So, which means do not assume every word always means the same in every context.

[00:32:13]So, for an example, light can mean not heavy.

[00:32:19]In a passage, they can say light, and light means not heavy in that passage.

[00:32:24]And in another passage, they might say light, and that light means what?

[00:32:28]Brightness.

[00:32:30]So, which means different word or same word in different context.

[00:32:37]Same word can mean different thing in different context. So, the context matters a lot.

[00:32:45]The context matters a lot. So, let's look at what a dictionary can provide.

[00:32:55]So, in case this video should go off, let's try to join back again. It's saying less than 1 minute there. So, let's look at what a dictionary can provide.

[00:33:04]A good dictionary gives many types of information. Yeah, we all know dictionary.

[00:33:09]Dictionary is a very good thing that we can make use of.

[00:33:13]So, a good dictionary gives many types of information.

[00:33:18]It gives many types of information and things you learn from definition, that's from dictionary rather. So, let's look at the things you learn from dictionary.

[00:33:28]You know, with the help of a good dictionary, uh you can actually know the meaning of something.

[00:33:34]You can actually know how to pronounce pronounce any word.

[00:34:29]So, I was explaining about what a dictionary can provide.

[00:34:33]So, I said you know, a good dictionary can actually give us a meaning a meaning to any word. Then, the same dictionary can help can help to teach you how to pronounce, like a phonetic spelling.

[00:34:51]It can teach you how to give a syllable break, also. Then, a a good dictionary can help in this grammar info, like part of speech, maybe that word is a noun or is a verb or is an adjective.

[00:35:04]Then, still, a good dictionary can teach you how to make use of the same word.

[00:35:09]At the same time, a good dictionary can give you like an etymology, like the word origin, where the word came from, maybe from Latin or is from Greek.

[00:35:19]Then, relatable information is also like the synonyms, like the antonyms. So, these are things that a good dictionary can give to us.

[00:35:26]So, let's look at the first one.

[00:35:29]Alphabetic arrangement, which is word arrangement A to Z.

[00:35:36]So, these are the things you learn from the dictionary. If you open a dictionary now, you must start from A to Z.

[00:35:44]Then, even under the A, they still follow alphabetic order.

[00:35:49]Under the A, A first to A to AB to AC to AE. Sorry, to AD and AE continuously like that when they get to AZ.

[00:36:01]So, they jump to B.

[00:36:04]So, there's an alphabetical arrangement.

[00:36:08]Words are arranged from A to Z inside the dictionary.

[00:36:13]And also, different meaning.

[00:36:17]Different meanings. So, different word has different meanings as given to shown to us inside the same dictionary.

[00:36:27]For example, bank.

[00:36:31]For an example now, bank.

[00:36:33]We see that bank can mean financial institution.

[00:36:39]And bank can also mean river.

[00:36:44]Bank can mean financial institution. It can also mean river in like river bank.

[00:36:50]Then for financial institution, it's something that we know like bank, First Bank, UBA Bank.

[00:36:57]And for the river bank, a bank that is saving water. Even your power bank, a bank that is saving a bank that is saving power that you can make use of later.

[00:37:07]So, these are just different meaning for a particular or to a particular word.

[00:37:15]Like another example that I gave was that I said light. Light can mean brightness.

[00:37:21]And at the same time, light can still mean light can still mean another thing which is something that is not heavy.

[00:37:32]Something that is not heavy.

[00:37:36]So, let's look at the the third one which is pronunciation.

[00:37:40]So, under this pronunciation, dictionary helps us to be able to pronounce properly.

[00:37:47]Helps us to be able to pronounce properly because there exists diphthong and monotone usage that the dictionary will explain for us.

[00:37:56]For an example, table.

[00:37:59]If you look at this table now, the phonetic spelling that's slash given an apostrophe t e i b l.

[00:38:10]That is the phonetic spelling of table.

[00:38:14]Ta ble.

[00:38:16]So, instead of the a, it is pronounced as e i.

[00:38:23]Instead of ta bu like t a ta bu it's pronounced as as table.

[00:38:30]So, that is the phonetic spelling of it.

[00:38:34]Then number four, part of speech.

[00:38:37]Traditionally it helps to give us the part of speech of a particular word like the grammar info.

[00:38:45]What part of speech is bank? What part of speech is table? What part of speech is beautiful? Like that like that. So, it helps to give to to to to to indicate the grammar information of the particular word.

[00:39:03]For an example now it will show n. Any word that is noun you will see like a bracket close bracket n.

[00:39:11]It will not be written in full but you will see n.

[00:39:14]Then verb you will see v.

[00:39:17]Adjective you will see adj.

[00:39:20]So, like that.

[00:39:22]For an example, run is what? Run is a verb.

[00:39:25]It will be indicated there in the dictionary that this is verb.

[00:39:29]Beautiful is an adjective.

[00:39:31]It will also be indicated there as adjective adj. full stop.

[00:39:35]Verb it will be it will be indicated as what? v full stop.

[00:39:41]So, that is for this part of speech. Then number five, example sentence.

[00:39:48]Example sentence. So, it helps you to know the correct usage. So, dictionary also helps to explain or helps to give example sentence to the word that you are searching for.

[00:39:59]Like the example sentence that is showing the word in the context.

[00:40:04]Then also there's something called collocations.

[00:40:09]Collocations like c o l l o c a tions.

[00:40:12]So, these are just like words that commonly go with with it.

[00:40:17]That same word that you are looking for.

[00:40:18]For an example, let me say run.

[00:40:22]Run now for an example. It will show you an example sentence for run.

[00:40:27]Then at the same time, it will show you the collocations for run, like words that can commonly go with it, also.

[00:40:35]Then it will also do something that is called register notes.

[00:40:40]It's called register notes. Like like telling you that the sentence is formal or the sentence is informal or maybe the word is slang or maybe the word is offensive.

[00:40:55]So, it will also give you this kind of register notes to be aware that this word that we are looking for this word that you want to use it is it is a formal word or it is an informal word or it is a slang. So, that if you want to make use of it, you know how to correct yourself. You know to use this word.

[00:41:16]And it will also show us the common mistakes to avoid. So, under this example sentence, after it tells you to know the correct usage, it will also tell you it will also show you the common mistakes to avoid.

[00:41:29]Then word family word family / derivation.

[00:41:36]For an example, the base word educate.

[00:41:39]So, the base word is educate. It will show you other forms.

[00:41:45]So, it will show you other forms like education.

[00:41:47]education It will show you other other forms like education, like educative or like educating.

[00:41:58]It will show you those forms.

[00:42:01]Then another one is embody.

[00:42:04]That is the base word. It will show you other forms like embodiment.

[00:42:10]Then decide.

[00:42:13]The base word is decide. It will show you other forms like decision.

[00:42:19]Show that forms like decision. Then also there is something called synonyms and antonyms like the relatable info.

[00:42:28]So this dictionary helps to show the relatable information like the synonyms.

[00:42:32]It will It will show you the words that can be that can be used instead of that same word.

[00:42:42]For example now, develop.

[00:42:46]You know, develop you can make use of develop.

[00:42:50]You can make use of You can turn it to development. You can use development.

[00:42:54]Depending on the sentence you are creating.

[00:42:57]So it's still under this word family.

[00:43:02]Develop, development, developer, developed, developmental.

[00:43:08]Then here number That's it. Just skip that. That's idioms and expression.

[00:43:13]For example, kick the bucket which means to die.

[00:43:18]So these are parts These are also parts of what a dictionary can provide. It can also provide you with the word you are looking for.

[00:43:28]Actually the word that can be used for idioms and expression. It's going to show it. It's going to tell you about it.

[00:43:36]It's going to indicate it for you so that you'll be able to understand so that you'll know how to use it anyhow.

[00:43:43]So these are the seven These are the seven way that a dictionary can actually provide more than just definition to you.

[00:43:54]So that is why the the dictionary is very very important and is something that is well acknowledged.

[00:44:03]So let's continue.

[00:44:08]Let's look at the importance of vocabulary development.

[00:44:12]So, there are there are importance to distinguish. There are some importance things that this vocabulary development is adding to the is adding to us academically.

[00:44:22]So, vocabulary is very important in communication.

[00:44:26]It's very important in essay writing.

[00:44:31]It's very important in comprehension.

[00:44:36]And it's very important in your exams.

[00:44:40]So, it's also important in public speaking speaking.

[00:44:44]When your vocabulary is very sharp, when it is well developed, you'll be able to communicate freely like with confidence because your communication will be very smooth.

[00:44:55]And you'll be able to speak well because those words because those words that you know of you'll be able to say them. You'll be able to speak well. You'll be able to write well.

[00:45:07]You'll be able to think well.

[00:45:09]Then, essay writing. When you want to write an essay, your essay writing will be very different. It will be very unique because you know what you are doing.

[00:45:20]And your vocabulary your your vocabularies are very sharp.

[00:45:24]Then, comprehension.

[00:45:27]You have a better comprehension because you can't understand what you read or hear if you do not know the word.

[00:45:33]If you're reading a Chinese book now, there's no way you can understand it.

[00:45:36]There's no way you can comprehend because you don't know what it means.

[00:45:40]Even us that we watch Korean movies, it's only that word it's only what they're saying us that you'll be able to hear. If you're to read it, you cannot read it.

[00:45:49]So, which means you can't comprehend.

[00:45:51]So, you can't understand what you read or hear if you do not understand the word because so, that is why this vocabulary development is very important.

[00:46:04]Then, for your exams, also it helps in the exams because these are words you are supposed to be familiar with. If you're given an exam question and you don't know what it means, you will find it difficult to explain. Even though it is something you know, but because you don't even know what the word means, you will find it difficult to do.

[00:46:22]Then, for public speaking, sorry, for public speaking, then you'll be able to speak publicly. Maybe you are giving a speech to read. You're given a speech or an impromptu speech, rather.

[00:46:34]Maybe you're at a party, you're at a ceremony, and they call on you that, "Hey, young man, come and give us a speech. And give us this closing speech."

[00:46:42]So, it makes you to be able to speak publicly.

[00:46:47]Then, there is something that is called social and cultural assets. When your vocabulary development is sharp, you have this kind of social and cultural assets, you'll be able to speak like your conversations will be very sharp.

[00:47:00]So, this vocabulary is just how you enter conversations, how you understand media, and how you pick up what they How you pick up on human.

[00:47:14]Like, Let's say two people are communicating now. You are listening to them.

[00:47:20]You do not understand what they are saying.

[00:47:23]You cannot just jump on what they are conversating on.

[00:47:26]Or you will literally get the get a different understanding of what they are saying. If you join their conversation, you're going to go off point because you did not understand.

[00:47:35]But when your vocabulary is sharp, when you have a When you have this kind of balanced vocabulary development, there's no way you will not be able to fit in because you will understand what they are saying first before you join them.

[00:47:50]So, a student with poor vocabulary struggles academically. When you have a very poor vocabulary.

[00:47:58]You will be struggling academically because you will find it difficult to understand a lot of things.

[00:48:05]Even the exam that you are writing, you will not be able to pass it well because most of the questions that are there, you don't understand what it means.

[00:48:20]So, let's look at the summarization of this unit.

[00:48:23]So, this unit teaches students how to understand difficult words while reading.

[00:48:29]So, it helps students to understand difficult words while you are reading.

[00:48:33]So, students can discover meanings through what? Through lexical familiarization, which is relatable words that are nearby, then using past experiences, and also using what? Dictionary use.

[00:48:47]So, this unit also explains the importance of dictionaries and vocabulary development for what? For academic success.

[00:48:57]So, that is for this unit. This unit is still talking about your vocabulary development, how to enhance it, how to grow it.

[00:49:08]And the importance of the vocabulary development. So, that is the summarization of this unit. That is the whole of everything. So, I believe we all understand this. And if there's anyone of us that is finding it difficult to comprehend to what I'm saying, if you have a question, yeah, you can actually ask before we're going to the practice question.

[00:49:30]If there's something you do not understand in everything I've stated there, yeah.

[00:49:38]You can actually ask your question.

[00:49:42]So, I believe we all understand.

[00:49:44]And let's go to my practice question.

[00:49:47]I already have two questions there.

[00:49:49]So, the first one says, "Explain lexical familiarization."

[00:49:57]So, who can explain this in your own word?

[00:50:01]In your own word.

[00:50:03]How can you explain what lexical familiarization means?

[00:50:07]What does it mean?

[00:50:38]Okay. So, like using a word that is similar to that word.

[00:50:54]So, can you give me an example of what you just said?

[00:51:08]Okay. So, is there anybody that can explain this? I'm not convinced with what he said.

[00:51:14]Who can explain the word lexical familiarization?

[00:51:34]Which you said, "capacity".

[00:51:38]ability Well, I'm not Okay.

[00:52:00]Okay, yes.

[00:52:03]Like using a word.

[00:52:17]Yes.

[00:52:31]Yeah, I didn't really understand what you are trying to say. So, what I am trying to say is just like you understanding or you you knowing a word already. You know, when you see that word later, you're able to reflect to what you've heard before that. Yeah, this particular thing, this is what it means then when I heard about it.

[00:52:49][snorts] So, you can actually relate this to the word you are seeing at that particular moment.

[00:52:55]Although, that one is for past experience. That one is for past past experience. I'm talking about lexical familiarization. And for this lexical familiarization, it's just like the you you becoming familiar with word and their forms.

[00:53:11]So, you can be able to recognize and process them more easily.

[00:53:16]Like for an example, I said I used generosity and charitable. Yeah.

[00:53:25]I used generosity and charitable. And you know, generosity means when you are kind and you when you are helpful and you are kind.

[00:53:33]At the same time, charitable is the word that is difficult there.

[00:53:37]So, for them to use generosity and charitable together, We literally means both of them means the same thing.

[00:53:47]It's just like I use an example that I said if I want to say a lady is beautiful and vibrant.

[00:53:53]That vibrant cannot mean something different.

[00:53:56]It is you're still meaning the same thing like beautiful like something that can still connect to the word beautiful.

[00:54:02]So, that is why when you're making use of this lexical familiarization, you have to be able to use relatable word.

[00:54:09]A word that is relatable, that is familiar or that is like a synonym to that difficult word.

[00:54:16]So, that is for the lexical familiarization.

[00:54:20]Then for question two.

[00:54:23]Question two says, "Mention five things a dictionary can provide."

[00:54:32]Mention five things a dictionary can provide.

[00:54:52]Yes.

[00:55:04]I give us seven.

[00:55:08]Yes.

[00:55:19]All right. So, who can help out? I give us seven.

[00:55:26]Yeah, pronunciation.

[00:55:29]Yeah, spelling. Spelling. So, that's pronunciation.

[00:55:34]Yes, alphabetical.

[00:55:38]Yeah, transcription.

[00:55:43]The family like synonyms and antonyms.

[00:55:53]Yeah, it's going to transcribe well and give us that phonetic spelling.

[00:56:02]Yeah, part of speech.

[00:56:05]Yes. Yes.

[00:56:08]So, it's going to provide meaning, pronunciation, grammar info, part of speech, usage, and then something I call etymology. If you look at the dictionary very well, you see that you can actually do the word origin.

[00:56:24]You can know the word origin of that word. So, that is called etymology, like going down going down to show us to show you the meaning and the way this particular word originated from.

[00:56:36]That is the word That is the meaning of etymology. Yes. If you look at the dictionary, there's there's something like that.

[00:56:47]Yes, you will see something like that there. It will indicate to you that this is an Hebrew word.

[00:56:53]Some will show you that this is a Latin word.

[00:56:55]Another one will show you that maybe this is a Greek word.

[00:56:58]Something like like if you go and check Yeah.

[00:57:02]Yes, Agbada.

[00:57:12]language itself, Nigeria word.

[00:57:15]For example now, for this GST 105, that philosophy If you look at the word philosophy, that philo and the word sophia, it tell you that is originated from Latin or sorry, from Greek.

[00:57:28]Philo and sophia, and it has their own meaning there before they now join them together to become philosophy, like love of wisdom. Philo philosophy, like love of wisdom. Philo means love, sophia means wisdom.

[00:57:40]So, two different things that is connected together to form one word in English.

[00:57:45]So, these are the These are the things dictionary can actually provide.

[00:57:52]So, uh thanks for the contribution and everything. So, let's look at the objective question and filling the gap.

[00:58:03]So, let's take out the first question here that says Lexical familiarization means using words to determine meaning.

[00:58:18]So, yeah, related related word here, related.

[00:58:28]So, the question two.

[00:58:33]The word trio means three people, right?

[00:58:36]Okay.

[00:58:38]So, question three. Which of the following should be your last resource?

[00:58:44]Dictionary. So, before you go before you go and pick your dictionary up, at least try to make use of lexical familiarization, which is your past experience. So, number four.

[00:58:56]Obligatory means what? What does obligatory mean?

[00:59:04]Compulsory.

[00:59:06]So, this is like when when they say your obligation, this is your obligation in the school.

[00:59:11]It means this is your compulsory task in the school. This is what you are supposed to This is what you are meant to do.

[00:59:17]So, compulsory.

[00:59:19]That is a relatable word for obligatory.

[00:59:22]Compulsory. So, number five.

[00:59:26]A dictionary can help with dash.

[00:59:29]Yeah, all of the above. All of the above. Pronunciation, meanings, part of speech.

[00:59:36]So, all of the above.

[00:59:38]So, let's continue.

[00:59:41]Let's look at the fill in the gap section. Question one says lexical familiarization involve using dash word for clue.

[00:59:56]Yes, related words.

[00:59:59]Related words for clue.

[01:00:11]Then question two says, "Your dictionary should be your last dash."

[01:00:21]Is it option?

[01:00:25]You Yeah, your last resort.

[01:00:28]You know, we are using words for Yeah, you know we are using words for what? Although if you if you say last option is correct, that's a related word. But, according to the handout, according to the course material, it must be what? Resort.

[01:00:44]The The marking scheme does not does not give does not allow lexical familiarization.

[01:00:52]So, which means it must be what for what? So, last resort.

[01:00:58]So, question three, "The word trio means a group of dash people."

[01:01:05]Yeah, three people. So, t h r w e.

[01:01:08]So, number four.

[01:01:10]"Scrabble in the passage means dash."

[01:01:13]What does scrabble means?

[01:01:20]What does scramble means?

[01:01:36]I don't know the word scramble. The word scramble, what does it mean?

[01:01:43]Leftover. Can you Can you Can you use a sentence for that?

[01:02:00]Is it waste?

[01:02:04]If you are telling us the meaning, just make use of it as a sentence so that we can understand what you are saying.

[01:02:09]It disconnects.

[01:02:18]Scramble, what does it mean?

[01:02:26]Yes, to mix things together. To mix things together. So, yeah, you My aim is to use it in a sen- My aim is to use it in a sentence.

[01:02:50]That's correct. I agree with that, that's correct. But, the thing is, you know, scramble can actually means like three things.

[01:03:00]Or or or even up to four things, eh.

[01:03:03]Scramble can mean a verb to mix up. Yeah, to mix up something, like action word, something that is mixing. You mixing up something. At the same time, scramble can still mean another meaning, like to move quickly.

[01:03:18]When they say, "Yeah, we have to scramble up the rock."

[01:03:22]You have to move quickly.

[01:03:25]Or or or when I say it's scramble to the meeting. So, you scramble to meet the deadline.

[01:03:32]You move quickly, like urgently.

[01:03:35]So, that's another meaning for scramble.

[01:03:37]Then, when you are saying scramble as a noun, when you are saying scramble as a noun, like a disorder mixture. You can say it's a a disorder mixture, like, I scrambled it.

[01:03:48]You up. Something like up.

[01:03:52]Let's say the office was a scramble.

[01:03:54]Sorry, the office was a scrambled. The office was a scramble after the fire alarm went off.

[01:03:59]Like, a disorder mixture, something that was in disorder.

[01:04:04]But, the question says in the passage.

[01:04:09]But, we did not see the passage. But, this passage is right there where I am.

[01:04:12]So, the answer is struggle, according to the passage.

[01:04:17]The answer is struggle. Something like in disorder manner.

[01:04:21]So, it is struggle.

[01:04:23]And, mind you, this passage that I'm even referring to, there's probability that you see question like this in your exam. And, at the same time, there will not be passage.

[01:04:32]So, if you should just have to pick something from your head.

[01:04:35]It's possible like that.

[01:04:38]So, number five.

[01:04:40]Vocabulary development improves reading and dash.

[01:04:47]It improves reading and dash.

[01:04:54]What does vocabulary development improve?

[01:04:58]Reading and what?

[01:05:12]No answer.

[01:05:58]Yeah, this last this number five. Sorry, for my network went off.

[01:06:02]So, it's number five. Vocabulary development improves reading and what?

[01:06:17]No answer.

[01:06:36]That number five, vocabulary development improves reading and understanding.

[01:06:40]It will It will It will improve your reading.

[01:06:44]So, this number five, vocabulary development improves reading and dash.

[01:06:50]Yeah, understanding. You make use of the word comprehension.

[01:06:56]Not understanding, comprehension.

[01:07:00]Yeah, comprehension. Comprehension is better than So, that is for the fill in gap.

[01:07:09]That's for the filling the gap uh but so that's Yes, sir.

[01:07:20]All right, sir.

[01:07:28]Yes.

[01:07:30]Reading I N G, yes, so comprehending.

[01:07:32]Yes, yes, that's true.

[01:07:35]So, I think I'm going down down McDonald's sticks so it's comprehending.

[01:07:39]Reading and comprehending.

[01:07:42]It is because of the I N G like a continuous tense so reading and comprehending.

[01:07:51]Yeah, comprehension, yes, that's All right. All right. So, yeah, thanks for the for your time and everything. So, I believe we are all reading.

[01:08:13]>> [clears throat] >> Okay.

[01:08:24]Yeah.

[01:08:31]Even personally, even someone that's not going anywhere will also say it's not easy.

[01:08:35]All right.

[01:08:39]So, let's let's let's let's try as much as possible.

[01:08:43]Yeah.

[01:08:48]So, let's just let's just do it. Let's just do it in a way we can do it to make things to go well for us. So, the same way the same way Arsenal is able to win trophy, let's try to win our exam too so yeah.

[01:09:04]All right. So, that's Imagine if you were Yeah, this this course yesterday on the one is a very interesting course.

[01:09:18]Interesting course.

[01:09:23]All right, so let's let's have a wonderful night rest. See you Thursday again. Yeah, see you Thursday again.

[01:09:32]All right, bye. Bye everyone. Goodnight.

[01:09:37]Okay.

[01:09:59]Welcome to the station.