CHM256 |CHROMATOGRAPHY| DETECTION OF DRUGS IN ATHLETE URINE SAMPLE.

[00:00:04][music] [music] [music] [music] >> Take a look at this baby. It looks like one color, but it's actually a mixture of red, blue, and yellow.

[00:00:37]How do you separate them?

[00:00:38]We use chromatography.

[00:00:40]Imagine the wind blowing a piece of paper and a heavy leaf.

[00:00:44]The wind carried both, but the light paper flies ahead while the heavy leaf left behind because they move at different speeds.

[00:00:53]They separate.

[00:00:54]Chromatography does this with chemicals.

[00:00:57]We we use a moving liquid or gas to wash the mixture across a still surface like paper.

[00:01:04]Some chemicals move fast and rush ahead while the others left behind.

[00:01:08]There are four main types of chromatography scientists use today, such as paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography.

[00:01:19]By the end the ingredients are perfectly separate.

[00:01:24]It is a simple trick, but it is how scientists test medicines, check our food, and solve crimes.

[00:01:30]That is chromatography.

[00:01:42]>> Oh, you guys.

[00:01:44]I have some very great stuff.

[00:01:48]>> [music] >> These are performance enhancing drugs.

[00:01:52]Have you ever heard of it?

[00:01:53]These >> [music] >> can make you, I don't know, give you a tingling or something.

[00:01:58]And when you take this, I think the winning will be higher.

[00:02:02]>> Drugs?

[00:02:03]No way.

[00:02:04]>> [music] >> That's cheating. Yeah, for real, Akashi.

[00:02:07]>> Come on. I'm just saying that so it could help you.

[00:02:09]>> You did a lot of practices. You want to win it because you can win.

[00:02:13]>> Yeah, coach. I want to earn with my own effort, coach.

[00:02:16]>> Just take it.

[00:02:29]>> [music] [music] [cheering] [music] >> Uh high performance liquid chromatography or HPLC is one of the most widely used chromatography techniques in laboratory around the world.

[00:03:38]It is used to separate the components of a mixture like all any other chromatography method, HPLC consists of two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The mobile phase is a liquid that flows through sample in phase and carry the sample along the column.

[00:03:55]Because each component of the sample has different physical and chemical properties, they travel through the column at different speeds.

[00:04:03]As a result, the components are separated and can be identified and analyzed individually. [cheering] >> [music] >> The method used to [music] detect the tramadol was high performance liquid chromatography, also known as >> [music] >> high pressure liquid chromatography, HPLC. It works by pumping a solvent mobile phase through a thin [music] column that has been packed with a silica stationary phase.

[00:04:38]>> [music] >> UV absorbance detector is a common type of detector used with HPLC.

[00:04:44]>> The UV light passes through the solvent as it exits the column, [music] while the detector measures the consumption of UV light from each different analyte in the component mixture.

[00:04:52]The detector detects whether the component is in front of the detector, and the system will turn the selector valve to shunt [music] component of interest to a different container.

[00:05:02]>> The mixture solution of the sample will be injected into a high pressure solvent stream, and the mixture are separated by their relative affinity [music] to the stationary phase and to the mobile phase.

[00:05:18]When this process is complete, >> [music] >> the components of the mixture will be in different containers, and can be analyzed separately. [music] >> In stationary phase, silica was used.

[00:05:35]Meanwhile, in mobile phase, acetonitrile, ammonium acetate, and triethylamine was used to separate the excess acids in athlete's urine sample.

[00:05:48]>> Based on this HPLC method, the athlete urine sample was used to detect the presence of tramadol by comparing it with the sample of tramadol standard.

[00:06:00]The tramadol standard in the graph A showed a peak at around 4.5 minutes retention time. The athlete sample in the graph B also showed a peak at the same retention time. This indicates the presence of tramadol.

[00:06:20]The absorbance of the athlete sample was around 0.45 units, showing that tramadol was detected in the sample.

[00:06:32]Therefore, the result is positive, meaning that tramadol was found in the athlete specimen.

[00:06:38]Since tramadol is prohibited by WADA, [music] the competition finding may lead to the further action.

[00:06:59]>> A Malaysian athlete, Muhammad Adiq [music] Nazmi, has been arrested this morning for allegedly taking illegal performance-enhancing drugs before a competition this morning.

[00:07:15]An elite internet archive video dated back to 10th June 2026, [music] Muhammad Adiq Nazmi can be seen smuggling drugs into the private locker room before consuming what's believed to be sport-enhancing drugs.

[00:07:32]Muhammad Adiq [music] Nazmi and his teammate, Muhammad Danish Irfan, were both taken taken in by authority for further investigation and interrogation.

[00:07:42]Their coach denied accountability, but [music] further investigation will be conducted while the athletes were awaiting trial.

[00:07:51]Both men's participation in the ongoing competition are being revoked, and Muhammad Adiq's aswins >> [music] >> are now being investigated.

[00:08:01]So, based on our discussion, I think we can conclude that chromatography is a very valuable separation technique used to identify, separate, and analyze components of a mixture.

[00:08:14]Its accuracy, sensitivity, and versatility make it widely used in fields such as medicine, environmental science, analysis, forensic science, and also sports.

[00:08:50]>> [music] >> Wake up in the morning, [music] [singing] everything's all right.

[00:08:58]At the end of the story, >> [music] >> you're holding me tight.

[00:09:03]I don't need to worry, I'm all right.

[00:09:06]>> And always hard to see you, but I wish [music] you were right here.

[00:09:10]Always hard to leave you, but I kiss you >> [music] >> everywhere.