11th Class Biology Chapter 10 | Disorders of the Lungs | Class 11th Biology New Book 2025

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[00:00:08]Assalam Walekum class this is me Ghulam Nabi your biology teacher ok dia class today the topic we are going to start chapter number 10 is the last topic after this the chapter will be completed our human respiratory system chapter number 10 is the last topic we have disorder of lungs. Dear students, in respiratory disorders we had said that we looked at upper respiratory tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections.

[00:00:33]And lastly we had to look at lung disorders. Now, in the disorder of DI students, a very important major class comes. This is called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[00:00:45]Chronic means that which lasts for a long time.

[00:00:47]Obstructive in which the path will be blocked by something or the other. There will be obstruction.

[00:00:52]Inside the pulmonary lungs and disease means illness. So, such a disease inside the lungs which lasts for a long time, will block or obstruct some passageway or path inside the lungs.

[00:01:01]This is also called COPD.

[00:01:06]DI Students, this is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs. We have decided this. We have already read that these will cause inflammation and the second one will be chronic which will last for a long time. Now if DI students talk about COPD, then what are its causes? Is this caused by tobacco smoking or cigarette smoking or long term exposure to which? If a person is exposed to harmful pollutants for a long time, he is getting exposed. Ok?

[00:01:35]Or chemical fumes, any chemical perfumes or such grains may be exposed to it or now this is the big point. Small percentage of genetic predisposition such as protein alpha one anti-trypsin deficiency. DI students, we had read that if a cell has to get any work done inside the cell, then the part of DNA that is there is genes. What does he do?

[00:02:05]Produces specific types of proteins. Then he gets the work done.

[00:02:07]Now the work of the lungs is that the lungs are elastic organs. What does this have to do? Elasticity is produced in it.

[00:02:14]So elasticity is a special type of compound which is produced by the enzyme elastase. Ok? So that enzyme is formed by combining this protein, what is its name? Protein Alpha One Anti Trypsin. Ok? Now if there is a deficiency of this protein then that enzyme will not be formed. It will not produce elastin and ultimately the elasticity of the lungs will ultimately decrease.

[00:02:37]So due to this, obstruction or COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can develop inside the lungs.

[00:02:44]So this is one reason. DI Students, if we talk about the symptoms of COPD, then there is continuous or persistent cough and along with that cough, mucus or sputum comes. Ok?

[00:02:57]Shortness of breath. There is difficulty in breathing.

[00:02:59]Wizzing Wizzing means that when you are excelling outwards, the sound of whistle is coming along with it. This is called visioning.

[00:03:09]Chest fits occur and ultimately frequent respiratory tract infections may occur.

[00:03:16]They can be lower as well as upper respiratory tract infections.

[00:03:20]DI Students, if we talk about its treatment then CODP which is PD is incurable. There is no permanent treatment for this.

[00:03:30]But it happens that if the reasons due to which this disease is occurring are minimized then it can be cured. Ok? The risk can be minimized.

[00:03:40]But proper treatment is not available for it.

[00:03:42]So what could happen if exposure to smoke pollutants and chemicals were reduced? This progression of the disease may gradually slow down. Other therapies include bronchodilators. Who has to do what? Bronchodilators that dilate the bronchi or bronchial tubes.

[00:04:03]Because it has become constricted. There has been an obstruction on this. So often we see those nasal sprays. Ok? Or we look at dilators, if we put them in our nose then our fullness, you can say breathing, continues or gets restored.

[00:04:15]So they are basically broncho dilators. Inhaled corticosteroids are what you inhale, and these corticosteroids help reduce inflammation. Then pulmonary rehabilitation is not a single mechanism.

[00:04:30]Pulmonary rehabilitation is a very wide range of treatments. Different types of treatments are involved in this.

[00:04:37]Exercise is done to strengthen the muscles.

[00:04:39]Spirometry is done. Then you can say that pulmonary physiotherapy is done. There is a different mechanism. Ok? So this is called pulmonary rehabilitation. And oxygen therapy is also done inside it. If these cases become too severe. If the case of COPD becomes very severe, then ultimately surgery or lung transplantation can be considered. Along with this, there is a yellow box in the book in which chronic bronchitis is mentioned. There are two types of chronic COPD.

[00:05:10]One is chronic bronchitis and one is emphysemia. There is absolute similarity.

[00:05:14]In chronic bronchitis, he says that whose inflammation occurs?

[00:05:18]Inflammation of the bronchi or bronchial tubules occurs.

[00:05:20]If we look at the severity of this disease, it is chronic. So it can last from 3 months to 2 years. Ok?

[00:05:28]Inflammation occurs. The tubes of the bronchi become filled with mucus or sputum.

[00:05:32]If you look at his symptoms, all these are the symptoms and all the causes are also the same.

[00:05:40]Ok? After that, DI students, if we talk about treatment, then if you read its treatment also, then the same treatments which we have written here, the same treatments are there in it and the same treatment causes will be there in emphysema also. There is just a slight difference in the disease.

[00:05:54]In chronic bronchitis, the bronchi are affected.

[00:05:59]What will happen in emphysema? It is also a type of COPD. This is also a type of COPD.

[00:06:03]What happens in emphysema is that the inner walls of the alveoli, let's suppose this is the structure of the alveoli you have. These inner walls of this, dear students, these inner walls do not get damaged. Ok? Now what will these inner walls do when they get damaged? Will rupture Alvalai.

[00:06:22]There will be damage and what will it do to Alvalai? I will rupture it.

[00:06:26]Now what will happen if it ruptures? This creates a larger air sac. Now you were seeing earlier that small air sacs were formed.

[00:06:34]When all these walls are finished, instead of small ones, a big air sac will be formed.

[00:06:40]Ok? Earlier there were small air sacs, now they broke and it became a big air sac.

[00:06:45]Now what will happen is that when a bigger air space is formed, then obviously the surface area for gaseous exchange will reduce.

[00:06:52]Because you know that these small structures or air sacs have a larger surface area than the larger ones. Ok? So there will be more gaseous exchange here.

[00:07:02]When these are finished, the surface area here will appear larger but the surface area of ​​small air sacs is more.

[00:07:12]So here the surface area will ultimately reduce due to their damage. So the space for gaseous exchange will also be reduced.

[00:07:19]DI students, if we talk about causes, then what are the primary causes included in it? Smoking and other long term exposure to what? Now see the same thing, if the same causes are there with air pollution, with dust or with chemical fumes then also this disease can be caused.

[00:07:36]It leads. See, in this also there is deficiency of that protein Alpha One Antitrypsin. If we talk about the symptoms, the same shortness of breath, coughing, weezing, fit and chest tightness, all these symptoms are there in this also. And the same treatment is that this disease also cannot be cured. In fact, if you quit smoking, you can manage this emphysema. But it cannot be totally treated or cured. And if you continue smoking, it will speed up its progression. Ok? Then this cure will be very difficult. Other treatments include bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, oxygen therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation. So dia student that was all from today's lecture which was we had disorder of lungs. So hope you have understood the lecture. With this our chapter number 10 is completed.

[00:08:28]After this we will start chapter number 11.

[00:08:30]That is the human circulatory system. So hope you have understood this topic and this entire chapter well.

[00:08:37]Di student take care of yourself.

[00:08:38]Allah Hafiz.

[00:08:54][Music] [Music]