CHM2564G5 - VIDEO PRESENTATION - PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

[00:00:01][music] [music] >> Hi and very good evening everyone. Today our topic is about food color analysis, detection of food dye in sugar coated candy using paper chromatography. To begin with, chromatography is an analytical separation technique used to separate, identify, and analyze the component of a mixture. This is an important analytical method because many sample contain more than one substance and chromatography allow these components such as food dye in sugar coated candy to be separate for analysis. In our topic, we use paper chromatography where the stationary phase is cellulose paper while the mobile phase is solvent such as water or ethanol. The separation occur because different food dye in sugar coated candy interact differently with the stationary and mobile phase. As the solvent move up the paper by capillary action, each food dye in sugar coated candy travel at a different rate depending on its physical and chemical properties such as solubility and affinity for the paper. This cause the mixture to separate into individual colored band. Why we use the paper chromatography? Because it simple, inexpensive, rapid, and effective and not require sophisticated equipment.

[00:01:25]This making excellent technique for the analysis of food dye in sugar coated candy using paper chromatography.

[00:01:32]>> So, I will explain about theory.

[00:01:34]Paper chromatography is the analytical technique used in this experiment to separate and identify the food dyes [music] present in sugar coated candies.

[00:01:43]The colored outer coating of these candies may contain one or more synthetic food dyes.

[00:01:48]>> [music] >> Since these dye are mixed together, they cannot be identified just by looking at the candy.

[00:01:54]Therefore, paper chromatography is used to separate them into individual components.

[00:01:59]This technique consists of two phases.

[00:02:02]The [music] stationary phase is the chromatography paper, while the mobile phase is the solvent.

[00:02:08]First, the food dye are extracted from the sugar-coated candy and applied as a small spot on the chromatography paper.

[00:02:15]When the paper is placed in the solvent, the solvent raises through the paper by the capillary action and carries the dissolved food dye.

[00:02:23]Each dye travel at a different rate because it has a different solubility in the solvent and different affinity in the chromatography [music] paper.

[00:02:31]Dyes that are more soluble in the solvent and less attracted to the [music] paper travel further, whereas dyes [singing] that are less soluble or more strongly attracted to the paper travel to the shorter distance.

[00:02:42]>> [music] >> As a result, the mixture separate into distinct color spot.

[00:02:47]>> [music] >> To identify the food dye, we calculate the retention factor, which is RF value, using the formula.

[00:02:55]RF equal to the distance traveled by the dye divided by the distance traveled by the solvent front.

[00:03:03]The calculated RF value are then compared with those of the standard food dye to determine which coloring are present in the sugar-coated candies.

[00:03:12]>> Now, I'll explain the methodology used in this experiment. We use paper chromatography to separate and identify the food dyes found in sugar-coated candy.

[00:03:22]The objectives are to explain how paper chromatography works, describe the procedure, and identify the food dyes using their RF values. [music] Now, for this experiment, we use the sample Skittles or actually any kind of sugar-coated candy, [singing and music] depending on your likes, like maybe M&M's.

[00:03:41]Okay, and then the materials required [music] include chromatography paper, distilled water as a developing solvent, a beaker, a capillary tube, [music] a pencil, and also a ruler. Now, we move on to the actual fun part, which is the procedure.

[00:03:55]To begin with, we dissolve the candy coating in 1 to 2 ml of distilled water for about 5 minutes to extract the food dyes. Next, we draw a pencil baseline 1 cm from the bottom of the chromatography paper and apply the extracted dye sample onto the line.

[00:04:13]After allowing the dye spot to dry for 2 to 3 minutes, we then place the [music] chromatography paper into a beaker containing 10 ml of distilled water. The solvent [music] then will travel upwards through the paper by capillary action, showing the separating of different dye pigments.

[00:04:30]We allow the chromatogram to develop for about another 10 to 15 minutes before removing the paper and marking the solvent [music] front. Finally, we measure the distance traveled by each dye band >> [music] >> and the solvent front. We then calculate the RF value using the formula shown, which helps us to compare and identify [music] the different food dyes present in the candy.

[00:04:50]As you can see, what looks like a single color on the outside is actually a mixture [music] of different pigments, and paper chromatography allows us to separate and reveal them. Thank you.

[00:05:02]>> Hi, I'm Nazhan. So, this is the example for paper chromatography experiment on sugar-coated candy, which is M&M candy.

[00:05:09]So, as you can see here, we observe that each M&M candy color produced a different pattern on the chromatography paper. So, this shows that some colors are made from a single food dye, while others are made by mixing two or more dyes, just like that. So, first off, we look at the red M&M. So, we observe only one red or pink spot there, which indicates that the red candy mainly contains one food dye. So, no further um separation occurred, just like the yellow and the blue ones.

[00:05:42]However, here's the part is the green M&M gave different result. It separated into two color, which is blue and yellow color. So, this means that the green coating is actually a mixture of blue and yellow food dye. Since these dyes have different properties, so they travel different distances and separate on the paper, just like [music] that.

[00:06:04]So, um the next one is the brown M&M. So, the chromatography paper showed two distinct color bands, which is the blue band at the top and an orange-brown band below it. So, this indicates that the brown coating is not produced by a single food dye, but by a mixture of different dyes, just like that. So, overall, the results show that red, blue, and yellow M&M are mainly contain one dominant dye, while green and brown M&M's contain a mixture of two or more dyes. So, this experiment demonstrates that the um paper chromatography is an effective method for separating and identifying food dyes in candies, based on their different solubilities and attraction to the chromatography paper.

[00:06:51]Thank you.

[00:06:52]>> [music] >> In conclusion, this experiment successfully showed that the paper chromatography is an effective method [music] for separating and identifying food dyes in sugar-coated candies. The different dyes traveled different distances because they have different solubility in solvent and different attraction to the chromatography paper.

[00:07:13]By calculating the RF value, we were able to distinguish and compare the food dyes in each candy samples. This demonstrates how chromatography can provide accurate and reliable results in food analysis. Overall, paper chromatography is a simple, rapid, and cost-effective analytical technique. It plays an important role in food quality control by helping [music] identifying food colorings and ensuring the food products meet safety and quality standards. Thank you.

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