Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the presence of myeloblasts exceeding 20% in bone marrow microscopy, with key identifying features including large cell size, high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, folded or convoluted nuclei giving a buttock-shaped appearance, finely dispersed or lacy chromatin (contrasting with dense chromatin in small lymphocytes), 2-3 prominent nucleoli, and cytoplasmic Auer rods or fine granules.
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Acute myeloid leukemia explained visuallyAdded:
speak about the microscopy of acute myoid leukemia. There are various types but I will be talking about common features which we will be able to see in the microscopy. So what do we see in acute myoid leukemia? We are seeing that there will be plenty of myo blast. So usually myoblast greater than 20% can be categorized as acute myoid leukemia. So here you're seeing all these cells which I have marked are the blasts my blast.
So here below I drawn a myo blast to explain how the cell looks. So here you can see that they are large cells and there is increased NC ratio high NC ratio and if you see the nucleus they are folded irregular or convoluted giving an appearance of a buttock-shaped cell and also you can see that the chromatin is very finely dispersed compared to the small lymphocy which I have drawn here. This is a small lymphocy and you can compare the chromatin to a small lymphocy. So in a small lymphocy you can see it is more of a dense chromatin whereas in a myoblast you can see that it is more finely dispersed chromatin or called as a lacy chromatin and also you can see there are two to three prominent nuclei and the myoblast which I have drawn here has three prominent nuclei. There are also rod present in the cytoplasm. So you can see this is an ord when there is a collection of ords in the cytoplasm it is called as a cell.
Then this is the RBC and this is the platelet and also you can see fine cytoplasmic grinopilic granules are also present in the cytoplasm. So all if all these features are present then we can categorize them as acute myoid leukemia.
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