The Dark Secrets of The Sundry Moors Act 1790

Ajouté : 2026-05-13

[00:00:03]Twilight seeps through tangled Spanish moss, casting long shadows over the silent marshes of the American South.

[00:00:10]Here the land itself seems to remember, whispering stories in the wind.

[00:00:15]Colonizers tried to bury. Moorish Africans, Moorish Turks, and other shadow peoples have walked and crossed these lands. Their histories written in the dust of abandoned graveyards and rotting documents. Haunted by injustice, these communities linger at the edges of memory. Their names flicker through local legend. The Turks Moors of Sumpter County, the enigmatic Delaware Moors, and the Free Moores of South Carolina.

[00:00:41]They are not ghosts, but survivors marked by the darkness of broken promises by treaties made and treaties shattered right down the crack. Evil ruins of so-called laws passed as acts and trusts cling to their legacies. The Sunundry Moors Act of 1790 promised sanctuary, but the Moors received chump change and chains for their brains. The true Moors of America's legal landscape were soon choked out with betrayal by those that look like them, but wasn't them. They are avatars for iniquity. To awaken these true moors is to reckon with America's hunted ghost. We begin in the gathering dusk at the edge of lost erased history.

[00:01:26]Keep in mind before Morocco was called Morocco in 1912 by France and Spain it was called Al Marre the land of the far west. This is because the maps were switched east is really west. Al Marre became a part of the Americas and was set up as a trading post by Moors who origin from the Americas who had advanced seafaring capabilities in 2000 BC. In 1660, the original Moors of Al-Magreb, who were a mix of Africans and muers from the Americas, were overthrown by pale Arabs who were mixed with Somalians called the Sharifian family, backed by the French and Dutch.

[00:02:04]The original Sharifian family are direct lineage from the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, but they were replaced by Enlil Seed. Sultan Muhammad III of Morocco reigned 1757 to 1790 was a member of the Alawi or Alawite dynasty which is a prominent Sharifian family.

[00:02:24]So overstand the game. The questions are what was Morocco's take out of all this you asked. Was Sultan Muhammad III of Morocco just a jacker and robber like the USA corporation? Or was he a slow, innocent, naive old man or an impostor working for the elite bankers, the crown and the popes of Rome to rob the Americas leading up to 1790 when four Moors, free men from Morocco, stood at the edge of freedom and fear. Their journey led them to Charleston, South Carolina, a city where the Atlantic's tide still echoed with the cries of the enslaved. They were not property, but they were not safe. New free white men with vicious ideas for buck, breaking the Moors, hungry for power, threatened to drag them into chains and bondage.

[00:03:11]The Moors petitioned the South Carolina House of Representatives. Their plea was stark, written with trembling dignity.

[00:03:18]They invoked the name of Emperor Muhammad bin Abdalah, an 80year-old man whose kingdom had signed friendship with the young United States corporation in Inc. Their request recognized them as freeborn, honor the treaty, and shelter them from the new insidious slave master's grasp. The Sunundry Moors Act was born from this plea. The act recognized these Moors as subjects of Morocco, protected by treaty, and not subject to enslavement under newly formed state laws. But the act's light was faint and flickering, offering no universal protection when dealing with criminals. I mean, the Sultan was 3,520 mi away, and out of sight is out of mind. They figured what the Sultan don't know won't hurt him. He's 80 years old anyway. The shadows of the marsh crept closer.

[00:04:11]Sultan Muhammad bin Abdalah, also known as Muhammad III, ruled Morocco from 1757 to 1790 as a member of the Alawi dynasty. Often called the architect of modern Morocco, he is best known for unifying the country, opening Moroccan ports to international trade and becoming the first head of state to recognize the newly independent United States. Following the devastating 1755 Lisbon earthquake, he rebuilt major coastal cities including Mogador, modern-day Esau, Casablanca, and Rabat, establishing them as thriving international trade hubs. He successfully defended Morocco's coast by defeating the French in the Larash expedition in 1765 and expelling the Portuguese from the coastal city of Mazagan, Aljad in 1769.

[00:05:04]In December 1777, Muhammad bin Abdalah became the first foreign monarch to publicly recognize the sovereignty of the United States, declaring that American ships could freely enter Moroccan ports. His diplomatic efforts culminated in the Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship signed in 1786. It remains the longest unbroken treaty relationship in US history. They tell us he worked hard to stabilize the country, reduce the influence of fiercely independent nativeorn Moors and rebellious nativeorn Moorish tribes and restore strong central authority after periods of internal turbulence for the French and Spain. While he engaged in military campaigns against some European Moors enclaves like the 1774 siege of Mala, his overarching strategy, favored diplomacy, and open commerce to build Morocco's wealth and maintain its complete independence and secret control by the elite bankers in Paris, France.

[00:06:01]Historians credit Sultan Muhammad bin Abdalah with transitioning Morocco into a modernized nation equipped to navigate 18th century global politics. He was succeeded by his son Mule Yazid. You can explore his diplomatic and historical legacy in detail through the US Department of State Office of the Historian Archives.

[00:06:24]The 1784 captive crisis and the 1786 treaty. In the late 18th century, newly independent American merchant ships sailed the Atlantic without the protection of the British Royal Navy.

[00:06:37]After the USA were capturing Morocco Moors and enslaving them to force the United States to negotiate, Emperor Muhammad bin Abdalah ordered the Moroccan capture of American vessels, most notably the merchant ship Betsy. In October 1784, the captured Moorish corsaires and the American sailors were held in Morocco.

[00:07:00]This standoff spurred the US to negotiate, leading to the signing of the Moroccanamean Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1786.

[00:07:08]Once the treaty was finalized, the imprisoned American and Morocco more crews were exchanged.

[00:07:17]The coercion and threat mechanism is a psychological and strategic framework wherein an aggressor alters an individuals or adversaries behavior by leveraging negative sanctions, pain or punishment. The threat establishes the terms of leverage while coercion is the act of forcing compliance with those terms. The mechanism relies on structuring incentives so that the target calculates it is in their best interest to submit.

[00:07:46]Coercion is manipulating partners into actions against their will, eg demanding they do illegal things or drop charges.

[00:07:56]Threats is following up when coercion meets resistance. This includes threatening to hurt the victim, report them to welfare, commit suicide, or leave. The USA Corporation rendered the 1786 Treaty of Peace and Friendship a void contract by modern legal standards due to the Moroccan Sultan Muhammad III using unlawful force or the threat of it and that this coercion directly compelled the United States to sign the contract. In the framework of contracts, the grounds for invalidating the treaty relies on applying the principles of the Vienna Convention on the law of treaties retroactively. The use of force is the first key. The Sultan used the Moroccan Navy or privateeers, the Barbrey Moore Corsaires, to actively seize USA Corporation merchant vessels in the Atlantic. By taking US crews hostage and confiscating cargo, a use of force is established. There was an ultimatum introduced to prove coercion. The USA Corporation argued that the Sultan issued an explicit or implicit ultimatum to the US diplomats such as Thomas Jefferson or John Adams, stating that hostilities and the enslavement of USA sailors would only cease if the US signed the treaty on the Sultan's exact terms this constitute fraud. The USA claimed they had no alternative. The young, vulnerable United States had no realistic alternative but to submit to the extortion. Lacking a formidable navy of their own to project power across the Atlantic, the USA was forced into the agreement to protect its maritime trade and subject citizens. The USA say the contract is under modern international law principles regarding state contracts. The treaty is technically nullified by article 52, coercion of a state by the threat or use of force. The specific elements needed to void the contract include unlawful action, the seizure of ships, and hostage taking violated recognized international laws of the sea. Even in the 18th century, the treaty was procured solely because of this unlawful threat. Because consent was extorted at gunpoint, true mutual agreement, a core tenant of contract and treaty formation, did not exist. In reality, while the Moroccanamean Treaty of Friendship was negotiated under the pressure of Barbarie piracy, it is not historically viewed as a coerced contract because the USA Corporation needed protection from other villains on the high seas. Morocco was actually one of the first nations to step up and protect US independence from the other Moors in Great Britain, so they thought.

[00:10:42]The document stands today as the United States longest unbroken friendship treaty, they tell us. But secretly they don't honor it in USA courts.

[00:10:54]The Sunundry Moors Act was rooted in the Moroccanamean Treaty of Peace and Friendship signed in 1786. This treaty promised friendship and protection for Moroccan subjects in America. But white lawmakers twisted its intent and its protections became ghosts buried by racism and legal indifference. Consular trial rights. Article 21. If a citizen of the US and a Moore were to wound or kill one another, the case was tried under the local law of the country with the Moorish console present to ensure equal justice. The treaty permitted Moorish vessels to freely enter American ports, purchase provisions, and make repairs without being subjected to extra duties or detainment. Protection from privateeers. Article 6. If a Moore not recognized by the Moroccan government seized an American citizen or their property, they were immediately released and placed under the Sultan's protection. If either nation went to war with a third party and citizens of the US or Moors were found on the captured enemy ship, they could not be enslaved and were to be set at liberty. You see, here's the thing. This is over 200 years ago and the Sultan is dead. Keep in mind, you're dealing with a new devil.

[00:12:08]real live foreign privateeers and parasites and practice keyword practice.

[00:12:13]Treaties between sovereign nations do not grant personal immunity to domestic citizens who are lowly subject to the feds residing within their own country's borders mapped out by the address system.

[00:12:27]In the deep woods of Sumpter County, a people called the Turks Moors made their homes. Their origins are a tapestry of rumor and whispered legend. a blend of Turkish, African, and perhaps native Moorish descent. Their skin was neither white nor fully black. And in a world ruled by color lines that made them outcast. The Turks Moors built their own churches and schools, their settlements hidden from outsiders. They married among themselves, keeping their bloodlines close, their customs closer.

[00:12:58]The surrounding new white communities shunned them and eyed them with suspicion. They wanted to enslave them, but it was hard for them to fit the slave out of African narrative. They lived in a Gothic twilight, not belonging anywhere, cloaked in the mystery of their ancestry.

[00:13:14]Discrimination sharpened its claws.

[00:13:16]Their children found themselves in segregated schools. Their names erased from public memory. Their story is one of survival, but also of sorrow. A people forever walking the line between light and shadow.

[00:13:33]Further north, the Delaware Moors dwell in the foggy lowlands of Delaware and Maryland. Their story is stitched with myth. Descendants of shipwrecked North Africans, British colonists, escaped slaves, and native peoples. Their faces carry the legacy of many continents, but their place in the American story is one of exile. White society could not place them. Not white enough, some whispered.

[00:13:56]Not black enough, said others. The Delaware Moors formed enclaves clinging to family and faith. Their legends grew.

[00:14:04]Stories of a Moorish princess of a lost colony of forbidden love. The truth was less romantic, more tragic, a tangle of oppression, forced classification and legal invisibility. The law marked them as colored, stripping them of rights and dignity. They became shadows in census records, ghosts in courtrooms. The Delaware Moors found themselves exiled from both the privileges of whiteness and the solidarity of blackness. Their struggle shrouded in mist is a testament to the enduring pain of exclusion.

[00:14:40]The United States made solemn promises.

[00:14:43]The Moroccan American Treaty and the Sunundry Moors Act were not mere words.

[00:14:47]They were legal shields meant to guard the Moors and their descendants from the clause of slavery and discrimination. At first, the law's language was clear.

[00:14:57]Moors from Morocco under the treaty were to be respected as free. The Sunundry Moors Act confirmed this, placing the president's authority behind their right to liberty. State laws in South Carolina and Delaware occasionally recognized these distinctions, giving Moors legal standing in courts and contracts. But the darkness crept in. Local officials ignored treaties. Judges turned blind eyes. Slaveholders found ways to drag free Moors into bondage, arguing that their protections did not apply or had expired. Over time, census takers erased their identities, branding them colored or mulatto, stripping away the protections of treaty and law. The Moors and their kin watched as the light of their legal protections died one by one.

[00:15:43]The December 1789 letter from George Washington to Sultan Muhammad III of Morocco was an act of diplomatic deception. Rather than an outright lie, it was a masterful political bluff used to mask the severe vulnerabilities of the newly formed United States Corporation in Inc. The deception relied on three tactical maneuvers, blurring the truth about wealth and resources. In the letter, Washington heavily downplayed American economic power, writing to the Sultan that the US had no minds either of gold or silver and was an impoverished young nation just recovering from war. Sugar shoes used heavy deception in his letter. His plea of poverty was largely a strategic exaggeration. Washington presented the US as a harmless, struggling, agrarian society. By doing so, he intentionally lowered the Sultan's expectations for tribute, money for safe passage, playing for time, while the US secretly built up its agricultural and commercial wealth by raping and robbing the Native Americans blind. The Barbrey Moore pirates from Tunis and Tripoli who love getting booty gold with anyone who wasn't Muslim Moors were regularly threatening American merchant and business ships in the Mediterranean who were secretly stealing moors native to America and shipping them to the islands Africa and Europe. The US had virtually no navy at the time. Washington relied heavily on the Sultan's goodwill and his willingness to use his regional influence to protect American merchant vessels while they backdoor him and his people. Washington's sneaky letter expressed profound regret over the hostile actions of these regencies, pretending that the US held a mutual respect for them while actually leveraging the Sultan's power as a shield to protect vulnerable American shipping. The Knights of Templar now taking control over the North Gate under George Washington. The dark-skinned Dirty Moore who was a hugenaut suppler through his mother's side. Dirty George, who was a Freemason and Knights of Templar, was planning to secretly cut the Sultan off one way or the other. The United States was shifting from the strong Articles of Confederation contract controlled by the Free Republic to the newly ratified and hijacked copyrighted Constitution controlled by the Overthrowing Democracy Control under the New Copyright Act, which was passed as well. Signed into law by President George Washington on May 31st, 1790. The Copyright Act of 1790 was the first federal copyright statue in the United States designed to siege control over Moorish books, maps, and music.

[00:18:31]Washington apologized for the delayed response to the Sultan's previous letters, citing the arterous task and arrangements occasioned by so great a revolution of overthrowing the Moors and their children. Under the guise of a polite diplomatic explanation, Washington hid just how fragile and fractured the young American government was. He projected an air of absolute stability under a new supreme executive authority when in reality the American experiment was still entirely untested on the global stage. The ironic twist is that ultimately this correspondence was a game of diplomatic chess. The irony of this deception is that while Washington used clever rhetoric to secure the treaty of peace with Morocco, Sultan Muhammad III died 2 months before the letter even arrived in Morocco, rendering the carefully crafted bluff a footnote in the history of US and Morocco.

[00:19:32]The betrayal was slow but relentless.

[00:19:34]Local authorities in South Carolina sometimes simply refused to enforce the Sunundry Moors Act, claiming confusion about who qualified as a Moore. Moors were kidnapped or sold into slavery.

[00:19:46]Their protests lost in the labyrinth of racist bureaucracy. In Delaware, the Moors were trapped by changing laws.

[00:19:53]Colored schools were built for them, separate, unequal, and underfunded.

[00:19:57]Marriages were enulled or forbidden if they crossed racial lines. The treaty that once shielded their ancestors was ignored, invoked only when convenient for white officials. Legal protections that once seemed solid became dust, trampled by judges, politicians, and a society eager to forget its debts. The Moors became legal phantoms, seen only when the state wished to punish, never when they sought justice. Their story is a gothic tragedy, a tapestry of betrayal woven with the black threads of broken oaths.

[00:20:32]Treaties are considered the supreme law of the land because they are explicitly established by the supremacy clause in article 6 of the US Constitution. When the president makes a treaty and it receives the approval of twothirds of the Senate, it becomes binding domestic law that supersedes any conflicting state laws or constitutions.

[00:20:54]Why treaties hold supreme legal authority? The supremacy clause article six clause two of the US Constitution mandates that the constitution federal laws and all treaties made under the authority of the United States are the supreme law of the land. This binds all judges and state governments to enforce them overriding any state level contradictions. The federal preeemption is because only the federal government not individual states possesses the power to make treaties. These international agreements take automatic precedence over state laws. If a state law conflicts with a US treaty, the treaty always wins. National unity and foreign affairs. The founders established treaties as supreme law to ensure the United States could speak with one voice on the global stage.

[00:21:44]Making them superior to state law prevents individual states from undermining foreign policy or violating international agreements. Treaties hold the same weight as federal statutes.

[00:21:56]This is critical not only for global diplomacy, but also for protecting the sovereignty and reserve rights of Native American tribes through historical government to government agreements. How they compare to other laws, treaties versus the Constitution. While treaties are supreme over state law, they cannot violate or override the US Constitution itself. If a treaty contains provisions that conflict with constitutional rights like the Bill of Rights, the Constitution takes priority.

[00:22:25]Self-executing versus non-self-executing.

[00:22:28]A self-executing treaty automatically becomes active domestic law as soon as it is ratified. A non-self-executing treaty requires Congress to pass an implementing federal law before the treaty can be enforced in domestic courts.

[00:22:47]Today, the ghosts of these betrayals still wander the marshes, towns, and courtrooms of America. Descendants of the Moors, the Turks, and the Delaware Moors struggle to reclaim their names, their stories, their rights. But the legacy of broken treaties is a chain that rattles through generations.

[00:23:07]Communities fight for recognition, but are met with skepticism or scorn. Old churchyards crack with weeds. their stones unreadable. The past clings to these people, an invisible shroud that still shapes their lives. Yet there is resistance. The Moors and their kin gather their histories, lifting voices once silenced by law and prejudice. They demand that America remember its promises, that the treaties be honored, even if only in memory and justice. The forgotten moors are more than a story.

[00:23:38]They are a mirror.

[00:23:43]A kangaroo court is a sham legal proceeding that intentionally disregards recognized standards of law and due process to reach a predetermined outcome. The phrase typically describes ad hoc tribunals, corrupt institutional hearings, or mobstyle justice that masquerades as an official judicial process. Foreign administrative and federal courts do not honor the Moroccan-American Treaty of Peace and Friendship, often called the Treaty of Marrakesh, because the treaty is not self-executing. They say it was designed strictly for sovereign to sovereign relations, and the arguments attempting to apply it are rooted in what the foreign federal government have labeled pseudo legal theories that they disregard. In United States law, an international agreement and contracts are not automatically and usually not enforcable by individual citizens who are subject under the 14th amendment in court unless Congress passes legislation that implements it into domestic law.

[00:24:43]You see, once they trap you into USA citizen, you're like a caged bird. The Treaty of Marrakesh, signed in 1786 and renewed in 1836, is classified as an executive treaty. This means it is an agreement between two sovereign nations, the US and Morocco, to guide their mutual foreign policy, trade, and maritime relations. The USA foreign agencies argue that the treaty does not create private actionable rights that individual subject citizens can use to sue local bureaucrats or foreign federal government agencies who created this system. Administrative courts determined that a private citizen is still under the 14th amendment as a subject under federal control lacking standing to litigate under it. Making them a subject citizen overrides their free man argument. Treaties of friendship, commerce, and navigation are agreements that rely on diplomacy between governments to resolve issues. If a citizen feels a foreign policy agreement is being violated, the proper channel is to petition the US Department of State rather than filing a lawsuit in an administrative court. Who could care less about the constitution and treaties, which is the real law of the land. Under the US Constitution, the conduct of foreign affairs and the interpretation of treaties fall under the purview of the executive branch, the president and the department of state, and the legislative branch, the Senate.

[00:26:17]Administrative and article 3 courts adhere strictly to the political question doctrine, meaning they will not interfere with or independently interpret historical international agreements without clear domestic law from Congress directing them to do so.

[00:26:33]Why? Because Congress has been hijacked since they landed a bullet in the back of Lincoln's head. The feds have rejected Moorish American treaties, calling them pseudo laws. They won't honor them. When freeborn sovereign Moors argue that the 1787 treaty grants them a special protected status that exempts them from US tax laws, traffic violations or the jurisdiction of local and federal courts. They are looked at crazy in court and treated like a criminal by the real criminals. Foreign administrative and federal courts at every level have routinely dismissed these arguments as frivolous. They argue that the treaty does not establish an independent nationality, exempt individuals born in the USA from local or federal statutes, or nullify the subject jurisdiction of the United States Corporation in Inc.

[00:27:27]They discourage her saying it's legally not possible to win in a USA corporation courts where all crimes are commercial using the Moroccan American Treaty of Friendship 1786 1836 to claim immunity from US laws or establish a separate national identity due to an ongoing criminal racket in the court system. US federal and state courts consistently reject these attempts. In US juristprudence, the laws of the United States apply to all persons regardless of citizenship status within its physical borders. They say any defense strategy attempting to invoke the Treaty of Peace and Friendship to bypass territorial or subject jurisdiction is shot down with force and a frown. In United States Versus James, 1976 is a landmark federal appellet case dealing with the Republic of New Africa or RNA, a black nationalist group that sought to establish an independent nation in five southern US states. The case originated from a deadly 1971 FBI raid and shootout in Jackson, Mississippi, which resulted in the death of a local police officer and wounding of two others. The full breakdown of the case and its relationship to sovereignty and treaties is as follows. The incident in the early 1970s, the RNA purchased property in Jackson, Mississippi, operating it as their capital and conducting military-style weapons training. The group declared an independent nation composed of descendants of enslaved Africans and claimed that the 14th amendment and various international treaties entitled them to sovereignty, land reparations, and immunity from US laws. Following an FBI undercover operation, law enforcement surrounded the compound, resulting in a shootout and subsequent federal charges against the members. The core legal arguments.

[00:29:20]The RNA members, including defendant Wayne Maurice James, based their defense on two main treaty related assertions, the Treaty of New Africa. The defendants argued they were not US citizens, but rather citizens of the Republic of New Africa and therefore should be dealt with under diplomatic or international law rather than domestic criminal law.

[00:29:45]Supremacy of treaties. The defense invoked the supremacy clause attempting to use international human rights and self-determination treaties such as the United Nations Charter to nullify federal and state jurisdiction over their compound. The US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit completely rejected the RNA's treaty defense. The court ruled that US law remains supreme.

[00:30:08]Individuals physically present within the borders of the United States are subject to US laws regardless of whether they claim allegiance to a different sovereign or nation operating internally. Treaties cannot nullify criminal law. Self-determination treaties and international law do not grant groups the right to create an autonomous state within US territory, stockpile weapons or attack law enforcement. Precedent and impact in United States v. James is heavily cited in federal case law regarding questions of sovereign citizenship. It stands as established precedent that individuals cannot claim citizenship in an alternative unrecognized nation or invoke ancient or international treaties to bypass the enforcement of United States criminal and constitutional law within US borders. For a detailed review of the court's reasoning and jurisdiction applications, you can read the full case brief and trial history documented by Quimby.

[00:31:09]Understanding jurisdiction in court.

[00:31:12]Using treaties requires demonstrating that the treaty grants the court subject matter jurisdiction and establishes the necessary legal nexus over the parties or the dispute. Treaties expand a court's authority by acting as a source of federal law. In a civil or international litigation, you would establish jurisdiction through a structured legal strategy. Establish subject matter jurisdiction. For a domestic court, such as a US federal court to hear your case, the dispute must arise under a treaty to which your country is a party. base your primary claim or defense on an actionable provision within a valid treaty. The federal ingredient under the US Constitution, Article 3, federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising under treaties. Merely alleging an actual or threatened violation of a treaty generally satisfies the threshold for federal question jurisdiction. Prove the treaty is self-executing. Courts will only grant jurisdiction if the treaty itself is considered self-executing. Direct enforcement.

[00:32:19]Self-executing treaties become domestic law upon ratification and can be enforced directly in court without Congress passing enabling legislation.

[00:32:29]Non-self-executing treaties. If a treaty requires domestic implementing legislation to function, you must sue under that specific statute rather than the treaty directly. Fulfill personal jurisdiction and service requirements.

[00:32:42]Establishing that the court can hear the type of case isn't enough. The court must also have power over the defendant.

[00:32:48]Treaty as service of process treaties can make reaching international defendants much easier. For example, the HEG Service Convention provides official channels for serving legal documents to defendants in member nations, validating the court's jurisdiction over them.

[00:33:03]Longarm statutes. Even with a treaty, you may still need to rely on the foreign states longarmm statute to ensure the defendant has enough contacts with the jurisdiction. Overcome jurisdictional immunities. If you are suing a foreign state or diplomat, you must bypass sovereign immunity. Many treaties include waiverss of sovereign immunity for specific disputes, eg commercial activities or human rights violations.

[00:33:31]You must specifically site the waiver clause within the treaty to keep the case in court. International tribunals, if applicable, if your case involves a state versus state dispute or specific investment arbitration, you might bypass domestic courts entirely. The International Court of Justice has jurisdiction over matters specifically provided for in treaties in force. You would institute proceedings either through a special agreement bilateral or a unilateral application. Reliable legal resources to build a case involving treaties and jurisdiction. Consult these authoritative legal resources. The US Constitution. Review article 3 section 2 for the definition of federal judicial power over treaties. International Court of Justice ICJ. Refer to the basis of the court's jurisdiction guidelines to understand how treaties confer jurisdiction in international law. US Department of State use their judicial assistance guidelines for international civil procedure and treaty-based enforcement of judgments.

[00:34:43]In the midnight hush of the American landscape, the stories of the Moors echo like distant thunder. The broken treaties and forgotten acts are not just relics. They are living wounds. The law failed these people and in doing so failed the nation's promise. The Sunundry Moors Act and the Moroccan-American Treaty were beacons in a dark time. But neglect and betrayal snuffed them out. The people they were meant to protect became shadows lingering at the edge of justice forever waiting for the dawn. Their story is a warning. Rights must be protected, not just promised. Only then can the ghosts of the forgotten moors finally