Lambda CDM Model of Universe : Science and Tech : UPSC 2026

Added: 2026-05-21

[00:00:00]Scientists studied hundreds of millions of galaxies in a massive 6-year dark energy survey.

[00:00:06]The result supports the standard model of cosmology.

[00:00:09]This model is also called lambda cold dark matter or lambda CDM.

[00:00:15]It explains the universe on the largest scale.

[00:00:18]It tells how the universe began, expanded, and formed large structures.

[00:00:24]It starts with the Big Bang.

[00:00:26]The universe began in a very hot and dense state. Then it expanded and cooled. Gravity slowly pulled matter together.

[00:00:34]This formed stars, galaxies, and galaxy clusters.

[00:00:39]The model is based on Einstein's general relativity and the laws of physics.

[00:00:44]Now understand the name.

[00:00:46]Lambda means dark energy.

[00:00:48]It explains why the universe is expanding faster with time.

[00:00:52]CDM means cold dark matter.

[00:00:55]Dark matter does not give light. So we cannot see it directly.

[00:01:00]But its gravity affects galaxies and galaxy clusters.

[00:01:04]Cold means it moves slowly compared to light. So it helps large cosmic structures form.

[00:01:10]The model also includes ordinary matter like atoms, stars, planets, and gas.

[00:01:17]Another key part is cosmic microwave background radiation.

[00:01:21]It is the faint leftover heat from the early universe.

[00:01:24]You can think of it as the oldest light of the universe.

[00:01:28]So remember this for UPSC.

[00:01:31]Lambda CDM explains the universe using the Big Bang, dark energy, dark matter, ordinary matter, cosmic microwave background radiation, general relativity, and physics. Subscribe to our channel Clarity UPSC and download our app for all science and tech current affairs 2026.