КОЛОНИЗАЦИЯ ТЮРКОВ КАВКАЗА И КРЫМА

Added: 2026-06-02

[00:00:29]เฮ เฮ เฮ Did you start it?

[00:02:21]She won't start. Yes.

[00:02:25]Good evening everyone.

[00:02:28]Today we have another teleconference between Batume and Olivenza. Hello, Damir.

[00:02:34]Hello, Leda. Hello, our listeners. Let me remind you that we are happy to welcome you to the Dragon's Teeth channel. The Dragon's Teeth channel is a feminist critique of imperial myths. Here. And we're talking about what. Well, we talk a little about feminism, but we talk more about how, uh, the state uses, among other things, gender patterns for manipulation, for building some of its own, uh, hierarchical systems of governance. And, uh, we talk a lot about how exactly, uh, Russia oppressed whom. And Gnobila, forgive me for my Russian. Almost all the peoples who were annexed are described in school textbooks, and moreover, even in university history textbooks, as having voluntarily joined, as having entered.

[00:03:34]They are here on us and somehow the state cannot decide whether they joined voluntarily, yes, or they joined voluntarily, or they say to me: “Press the button.”

[00:03:46]Here I pressed the button, before this the button had not been pressed. This is us going live on Instagram.

[00:03:52]either they joined voluntarily, or they attacked us, or they had civil strife, and we civilized them. Well, that is to say, even in this statement the states do not agree with each other. And that's why we have such a unique opportunity. Let me introduce my wonderful colleague once again. He is a historian, political scientist, decolonial activist, and LGBT activist.

[00:04:20]Eh, Damir Musin. Hooray! Yes.

[00:04:24]Oh, and we're waiting for more people to join us. There are only a few of them for now. Maybe it's because we were late.

[00:04:31]We were delayed because we always have some interesting events happening with technology.

[00:04:38]Ah, but we hope that we can be seen and heard.

[00:04:41]Please, those who are watching us, those who hear us, in the chat, write to us, whether we can be seen, whether we can be heard. We are always very grateful for your feedback. And, of course, I must say that today, if you accidentally came across the vertical stream, scrolling through it in the Shors' feed, then you should see, or rather, you won't see, but I will say that our topic today is, uh, the colonization of the Turks, the Caucasus, and Crimea.

[00:05:12]Tell me, please, Damir, why did you choose such an interesting topic? It would seem that Crimea and the Caucasus have little in common.

[00:05:23]Yes, well, in general, there are these Crimeans, not that far from the Caucasus. And the main thing that is important here, yes, in this topic, is that before, actually, the Caucasian peoples, well, traditionally, yes, as we understand it, were colonized in the 19th century. Before this, the same thing happened with the Turks, who also lived in this territory, because they were at the outpost from this, as we say, colonial advancement, yes, in the Russian Russian Empire. That's why it's so important. Therefore, if we talked about the Caucasus and the ordinary people there, well, that is, about the Caucasian peoples, then, perhaps, we should also talk about the Turks. Ah, because at first they were also captured at first. Here. But we will not talk about all the Turks of the Caucasus, we will talk about those Turks who are steppe. This is an important point. What other types are there besides steppe ones?

[00:06:32]Well, the Alans of Karachay and Balkaria, whom we talked about last time, yes, who in Russian are called Korachay and Volkar, they are already them, that is, they are only a pagan people, but not a steppe people, that is, they live in the mountains. Well, that is to say, there is nowhere for the mountaineers to live, because they live next to Elbus on the left and right sides of Elbus.

[00:06:56]Here.

[00:06:57]And the steppe people are, in fact, those nomads who lived there for about years in this territory.

[00:07:08]Listen, let's do it just a little bit.

[00:07:10]As always, I want to start from the Big Bang, but I won’t ask you about the Big Bang, especially since it’s not a fact that it existed.

[00:07:20]And please tell me, how did the Turks, the Turkic-speaking peoples, appear in the Caucasus and Crimea? Because, it would seem, there was the Mongol-Tatar empire, then it fell apart. Were they there before, were they an autochthonous population or did they migrate within the Mongol Empire, as happened? Oh, yeah. That is, they definitely existed there before the Golden Horde, yes, before a very long time, yes, let's say so.

[00:08:00]In general, well, if we are talking about the same Crimea, yes, then the most diverse number of peoples lived there. This is truly the most diverse. The Taurians, Scythians, Armatians, Greeks, Alans, and Khazars lived there.

[00:08:16]Polovtsians, right? That is, did this huge one all live there in the same time period or did they also come and go in waves?

[00:08:26]Yes, in waves. But it’s not that they came and went, as a rule, they came and never left. That is, this whole place was quite large. I wouldn't leave either, yes. And so, yes, there has always been ethnic diversity in that sense. And now the first major turtization begins. Namely, if we talk about Crimea, it starts with the Huns, right? That is, when the Huns were passing through Europe in the 6th centuries, yes, and with them were also Turkic tribes, yes, that is, and this was the first such wave of settlement. Well, somewhere around the 5th century AD it turns out to be. That is, from this moment on, a significant number of Turks appear there. Then the following happens: who influenced the Turkification of this space, it was, uh, the Khazar Khaganate, yes, that is, this was the first large Turkic political entity, yes, that was there.

[00:09:44]Ah, and this kagonate controlled, among other things, the Crimean peninsula.

[00:09:49]This is also very important to say: this is about the Khazar Khaganate itself, and there was a Turkish-speaking elite, right? That is, the Turkish-speaking elite.

[00:10:02]And all the other peoples who lived there, and there lived the Olans, and the Slavs, and various Finnogorsk peoples, right? Ah, um, well, that is, they, like, this population, it was, like, simply controlled by this Turkic Turkic elite. And that’s why it’s always been a very mixed story. Here. And tell me, please, Damir, you and I, in one of our first episodes, when we talked about the capture of Kazan, about the colonization of the Kazan Khanate, we talked, you talked about the fact that the Tatars are, how can I say it, the successors, the heirs, the descendants of the Volga Bulgars. But the Crimean Tatars are also descendants of the Volga Bulgars. Is this or is this some completely separate branch that is not connected with the Kazan Khanate?

[00:10:58]And now I'll tell you. And this is exactly like, firstly, no, the Tatars are not the descendants of the Bulgars. The descendants of the Bulgars are, if it comes to that, the Chuvash. Here. Because their language is, well, closest to Bulgar, to the Agur languages, yes.

[00:11:22]Here. M this is this is the first simply Volga Bulgaria was a state, on the territory of which first the Golden Horde and then the Kazan Khanate arose. That is, it is clear that one thing was inherited from the other in a political sense, something there. Here. But in the enocultural sense, the Tatars, of course, are not the descendants of the Bulgars in their pure form. Although the Bulgars participated in this gynes of the Tatars. It's the same story with the Crimean Tatars, right? That is, they are not the heirs, but how can one say, of the Kazan Khanate. No.

[00:12:05]What happened? What happened? And when the Golden Horde disintegrated, and this happened in the 15th century, in the 15th century, in its place several Hordes were formed, yes, that is, the Nogai Horde, the Crimean Khanate, the Siberian Khanate, well, that is, there are many states. the main population of which were Turks. They were Turks. Here. And this is the first point. And that is why the Crimean Khanate arose after the collapse of this Golden Horde. Moreover, the founder of this khanate, Khangerey, yes, he was from the Chingizid company.

[00:12:58]That is, he is, well, I mean, the descendants of Genghis Khan. This is an important point.

[00:13:06]Here. Next, next. That is, it is very important to have a terrible villain. Yes. Yes.

[00:13:11]And what is important to know in this whole story? Here. M. I'm sorry, Damir, I'll knock you down. I'll knock your mind off it now. Descendants of Genghis Khan.

[00:13:24]Nobody talks about Genghis Khan's wife or wives. It’s as if Genghis Khan himself created these descendants. Well, yes.

[00:13:33]I'm going to pester you about gender issues. We have a feminist channel. Yes, okay, let's continue.

[00:13:39]Well, and so that the Crimean Tatars would migrate there, as the Crimean Tatars are ready to see. No, there is no such thing.

[00:13:49]And the Crimean Tatar ethnic group was formed from at least two components.

[00:13:56]Ah, actually there is more there, but basically it is the component that was Polovtsian. These same Polovtsians, who were there, around, as I would even say, in the 10th, in the 10th centuries, that is, they actively settled there, yes, they settled, mainly settled the steppe territories, that is, not the mountainous ones. And the other part of the Crimean Tatars are the Aguz tribes, which are Azerbaijanis, Turks, Turkmens, and there is also a small people in the Republic of Moldova, the Gagauz. Here. Oh, and yes, and this Aguz part lives on the southern coast of Crimea.

[00:14:53]And here, accordingly, is the Tepchak, Polovtsian part, it lives in the steppe part of the Crimean floor. Moreover, I will say that as such, a single literary Crimean Tatar language does not exist.

[00:15:09]Well, if it comes down to it, although it exists, of course, but, uh, the dialects of the steppe Crimean Tatar and the South Coast dialect are strikingly different. Well, in the sense that these are, as it were, different language groups. That is, for the Steppe people it is the Kipchak group, and for the South Coast people it is closer to Agus, well, that is, the Agus language group. Here. And these Crimean Tatars, they were formed over the course of several centuries. That is, they didn’t appear ready-made out of nowhere. They were formed precisely on the Crimean peninsula. Well, over the course of time, starting, probably, from the thirteenth century, when it was active there even from the eleventh, and, and and and and right up to there up to the fifteenth century. That is, this is a cauldron in which all of this was formed. Here.

[00:16:07]And yes, and actually, returning to the history of Crimea, yes, that is, as I already said, yes, the Crimean Khanate was founded, yes, and with the Genghisids at its head, but this khanate, this khanate, it was absolutely not, well, it was independent for a very short time, that is, it, yes, that is, it was in 1475, that is, they were founded somewhere at the beginning of the 15th century. And by the end of the 15th century they were vassals, became vassals of the Ottoman Empire. Here. And here it is very important to understand, yes, what and how, how did these and how did this faslitet look? Here. And, firstly, the Ottomans allowed them to preserve their own dynasty, yes, that is, internal governance, to have their own army, their own diplomacy. That is, this vaslitet did not imply that the Ottomans were interfering in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate.

[00:17:23]This is the fundamental difference. And what will be the colossal difference from what Catherine II will do later? Well, wait, what about the charms, tell me, were they only recruited from non-Muslim peoples?

[00:17:38]Why? Well, not only from aa. Well, well, well, that is, this is the specific influence of the Ottoman Empire, when a child is taken away and raised as needed, so that he will be a soldier. Well, we can’t say that everything there was covered in bows.

[00:17:56]No, we can't, of course. But I say again, that is, by medieval standards this was not a problem at all. That is, this is not a problem at all. But we are now in the Middle Ages, we have n’t yet invented mass media, so it was difficult to understand who is controlling you, who you worship.

[00:18:17]Well, well, well, yes.

[00:18:20]That's right. Well, anyway, wait, excuse me, can I just, uh, let's remember my thought, read a little bit of the comments. We don't have very many of them today. Eh, the Turks of the Caucasus are for Russia. Who is against? We'll discuss this during the broadcast, uh, our regular viewer Izik writes to us: "Uh, good, happy evening. As always, my broadcast is about 4 minutes behind, so, uh, our return greeting will reach you in a few light years, like from Alpha Centauri."

[00:18:55]As Izik asks you correctly.

[00:18:57]Turks or Turks?

[00:19:01]Turks.

[00:19:03]Turks. Turks.

[00:19:05]Yeah, thanks. -Eh, Izik answers: "Not all Turks of the Caucasus are for Russia." There are also normal ones. And they answer Izik: “Normal is like what exists and what is abnormal.”

[00:19:20]Okay, let 's find out, uh, what happened next, right? And now tell me, please, tell me why Crimea accepts, Crimea, or rather, the khanate, as I understand it, Crimea accepts the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire. Why did they need this?

[00:19:41]Well, because it’s a big state, it’s strong, and it didn’t really ask whether you wanted to be a vassal or not. Here. Yes. Yes.

[00:19:51]So they just put up with it. Yes. It's clear.

[00:19:57]Fine. Tell me, please, what kind of card is this? Haven't we reached it yet?

[00:20:03]Yes, we can, we can, yes, we can show. This is, in fact, the settlement of the Turks, right?

[00:20:09]That is, here they are from the most distant ones, yes, those who live in Europe, among others. Here.

[00:20:22]But we are talking about this territory, which, if we take it all, was once inhabited by Turks. That is, here are the Crimean Tatars, we see, here are the Nogais, and here too are the Nogais.

[00:20:44]Ah, well, the Nogai Tatars, I mean. Here. And here there are a few Kumyks. They are, yes, they live in the north of modern Dagestan. Here.

[00:20:58]And this white spot, this white spot - this is the Caspian Sea.

[00:21:02]Yes, this is the Caspian Sea. Yes. Yes.

[00:21:06]Here. And, actually, in order to get your bearings, right? That is, the Turks, here they are, all this was populated by them. And then I’ll tell you how it all happened, how they were treated next, and why they were evicted there. And please tell us another question I have.

[00:21:27]You say that it means that there were Aguz Turks in Crimea, and I don’t remember which ones.

[00:21:33]Kepchaks. Kepchaks.

[00:21:34]Kipchaks. Who are the Nagays and who are the Kumyks?

[00:21:40]And they are also Turkic-speaking peoples, right? So, the Nagai Tatars are the heirs of the Nagai Horde, right? That is, as I already said, the Golden Horde fell apart, and quite a lot appeared on its fragments. And where did they live, so that we can understand their habitat, right? That is, uh, uh, um, they lived all over, eh, well, there, the northern Black Sea region, that is, the area between the Don and the Dnieper, that is, the part of Ukraine where the war is going on now, that is where the Azov region is, the north of Crimea, and, well, on the Kuban River and in most of the steppe parts, there in the Krasnodar Territory, and, in the Stavropol steppes and so on. That is, they have a fairly large range. Here.

[00:22:38]And how are they, in fact, too, that is, by and large, if we were to explain their origin, they are ordinary nomadic Tatars, if it comes down to it.

[00:22:54]Here. And you, you are simply a Tatar, that’s why you say that.

[00:23:00]Well, if you were a Kumyk, you would say: "Well, the Tatars are just sedentary Kumyks of the plains.

[00:23:12]But maybe here they could be called Kipchaks. The most inoffensive would be Kipchaks," right? Because, a, the Kipchag tribes are spread from, actually, ae, there from China to to to there to Crimea. Yes, many Kepchak tribes lived in this vast territory. And that's actually why they began to call them Nogai Tatars, because they had a relationship with So, wait, wait. Were you talking about the Kumyks or were you talking about the Nogais?

[00:23:54]About the Nagai Tatars.

[00:23:57]Now I'll tell you about the Kumyks separately. That is, Yes, they write to us here, they write to us here, they write important things. Firstly, people write to us that they love our Friday broadcasts. Thank you, we adore you too. Oh, and my colleague Selena, come watch us on Sunday, if anything, she said that yesterday at her tanga class a girl came and watched her. And I think, oh my god, we're building a loyal audience. This, of course, is very pleasant for us to hear. Recommend us to your friends, like us, send us money.

[00:24:30]We'll buy Damir a light bulb and a beautiful map, and we'll hang it behind his wall.

[00:24:36]But, what’s more important, uh, they write to us: “I am a former Nogai from the Tygyn clan.”

[00:24:43]This is, of course, very interesting. Uh, please write more about your, about your ancestors, about your family. We will definitely voice this, uh, we will talk.

[00:24:53]We probably don't know everything. We would be glad if you share with us. Yes, Damir, please continue. So, you spoke about the Nagai people, about the Nagai Tatars. And the third, third people we have are the Kumyks. Here. But they were formed separately. That is, it was no longer connected with any horde. Ah, one of the most ancient Turkic peoples of the Caucasus.

[00:25:20]There are different versions of their origin.

[00:25:24]Some associate it with the Khazars, some with the Bulgars. Uh, well, Kipchaks - that's obvious, but in any case, that is, the Kumyk language is, uh, a Kipchak language, one way or another.

[00:25:39]Their main habitat is the flatlands of Dagestan. That is, they lived in, well, roughly speaking, in the steppe part of Dagestan.

[00:25:48]Here. They had their own statehood. eh, the Torkov Shamkhalate, then the Andreevskoe possession, uh, the Mikhtullin Khanate, but, let's say, there was statehood, right? That is, and as I have already said, the most important thing is that the Kumyks had states even before the Ottoman influence. That is, all of this there is a more or less ancient stable state. Listen, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, Damir, maybe I didn't catch something. Tell me more, like fools.

[00:26:27]I heard a version that all, uh, Turkic peoples are now popular, as I understand it, the Altai version, that, uh, an ethnic group was formed there and then it moved in different directions at different speeds, forming different ethnic formations there with their own characteristics. Some live in the mountains, some in the steppe, some are nomadic. Right? Yes. Yes.

[00:26:49]Everything is so, everything is so. Well, the only thing is, maybe I just need to clarify here. But today, most researchers are inclined to think that they originated in Altai.

[00:27:05]But, but, just like it was with the Indo-European languages, when they tried for a very long time to find their homeland, and only last year, in 2025, they finally found it completely. That is, everything is already obvious there. It's the same with the Alurkic languages. Perhaps, after all, their origin is there and maybe it is located in a slightly different place. No one can say for sure about this, but most researchers, yes, believe that this is so. I'm just saying this so that people don't get the feeling that Turkic groups appeared out of nowhere in different parts of the world at the same time.

[00:27:46]No, no, they are Turks. Actually, approximately, and for 1-200 years these territories were inhabited. Well, that is, at least that part which we, if we talk about, well, everything that we say beyond the Urals, this is this territory, yes, well beyond the Urals, in front of the Urals, in general, on the European territory, yes, here somewhere, for the first time there they appear there about a thousand, well, 1,300 years ago, somewhere 1,300 years ago. Am I correct in understanding that languages ​​can still be mutually intelligible in, well, at least a significant body of vocabulary will coincide?

[00:28:31]Yes, 100% that is true. But I will say more than that, that in principle, a Tatar-speaking person or a Bashkir-speaking person can easily, for example, understand a Turk. Well, maybe not right away, but maybe, well, I'm not even talking about the fact that Tatars and Bashkirs understand each other without any problems there, because the difference between these languages ​​is like the difference between Russian and Belarusian.

[00:29:00]Here.

[00:29:02]But the closeness of the Turkic languages ​​is of a much higher level than that of the Indo-European languages. Because they seem to be Indo-European, yes, they are all one language group, but an English person won’t understand Iran, well, a Persian-speaking person won’t understand it. That is to say, it is impossible.

[00:29:21]Ah, but not here. Here Ugu.

[00:29:25]You got a question, right? They write: "Eh, are the Huns a Turkic tribe?"

[00:29:31]No, the Huns are not... Well, that is, there is no 100% understanding of what languages ​​were spoken at the base of this Hun tribe, right? Ah, but still I’m inclined to believe that these were the Xiongnu, who lived in China.

[00:29:49]It is possible that it was even Turkic-speaking. Maybe it was Mongolian-speaking. It's kind of hard to say here, but it's very important to understand that regarding the Huns, in these hordes that went from east to west, there were also Turks, there were also Ugrians, there were also Finnish tribes, that is, many, many different people were mixed there, and they went, that is, and there were frictions there, including with the Huns. That's what it's called. Here. Yes.

[00:30:27]And this, or, let's say, there is such a story, I just get tired of these things sometimes, because I listen to them and they take me away. Well, well, this is what folksters need, well, Erdogan recently completely stated that the Scythians were graters.

[00:30:47]Well, this is, as it were, an absolute fabrication. Oh, yeah. The Armenians spoke the Urarto language. Yes. Yes.

[00:30:57]And this absurdity always makes me cringe, because I've more or less learned everything about prostitutes. There are toponyms, hydronyms, there are names of kings, there are bilingual tablets there, the Greeks wrote about them, everything already exists about them.

[00:31:22]They were Iranian-speaking, but this does not mean that there were no Turks among the Scythian tribes. Were. Here's the thing. That is, the trick is that they all always coexisted together. That's the thing. But the Iranian-speaking tribes remained the foundation of the Scythian tribes.

[00:31:43]So, citizens listening, please ensure that Erdogan comes on air with us now.

[00:31:51]He had to explain to the world in Tatar that the Kifas were not Turks. Yes. Yes.

[00:31:57]That's why the same thing, as I already said, that in terms of population, in terms of this ethnic diversity and so on, there is no such thing as a specifically mono-monogroup, right? That is, the Crimean Tatars were formed from the many peoples that are there, at least two large components.

[00:32:24]And from two different languages ​​he showed four, but spoke two. Well, two. Here. And the Kumyks are the same.

[00:32:32]The Kumyks were formed from the many Turks who existed there. Both Kipchak and non-Kipchak, and all of this got mixed up. Well, the Kumyks are Kumyks, yes, at a certain point they were formed.

[00:32:50]But do I understand correctly that the traditions will be quite different? That is, in the Crimean enclave there will be only one tradition. The Kumyks probably have traditions closer to those of the Caucasus and so on.

[00:33:05]Mm or no?

[00:33:09]Eh, well no, not really. The thing is that they are all more or less nomadic. Here. Yes.

[00:33:18]Ah, that is, they have, well, a kind of nomadic type of economy, so Oh, listen, Damir, I also have to ask you about this appendix on the right on the map, which is located in the area of ​​North and South Korea.

[00:33:35]Turks live there too.

[00:33:38]Mm, why North South Korea?

[00:33:42]Oh, no, this is not North South Korea. These are the Uighurs. And these are the Uyghurs. Understood.

[00:33:49]No, they are Uyghurs. Here. And I don’t even know what’s going on with Salara. I don’t even know such peoples.

[00:33:55]These are not our relatives. OK. Fine. Yes.

[00:34:00]It is unclear why those who walked through such beautiful places as Altai, the Caucasus, Crimea, for some reason they climbed up there to the north, where these yellow spots are.

[00:34:11]Oh yes, yes. That is, but for the reason why this northern part was chosen, it was not because of a good life. So, let's say, when the Turkic Khaganate fell apart, they had to migrate a little further north to the territory of the Volga and Kama. That is, this reaping spot is precisely the Bashkirs and Tatars.

[00:34:42]Tatars. Yes, yes, these are the Siberian Tatars here.

[00:34:45]Yeah. And this Anslav, which is in the Gorno-Altaisk region, these are probably the pink and purple ones - these are the Altaians.

[00:34:56]Tuvans, yes, yes, yes. Altai, Altai Turks, tuna. That's how it is there.

[00:35:02]Yeah. I see Khakassians there too. Yeah, I get it.

[00:35:05]Ah, uh-huh.

[00:35:07]Fine. So, please tell me, yes, uh, what happened next? That is, the people who were, well, those who were on the Crimean Peninsula and in the Caucasus, did they at some point become part of the Ottoman Empire or only the Crimean ones?

[00:35:23]M Crimean, yes, only Crimean mostly. And, by the way, the most interesting thing is that, a, the Crimean Khanate was a crown jewel of the Ottoman Empire, but in fact, the Muscovite Tsardom paid tribute to the Crimean Khanate.

[00:35:45]Here. And it took a long time, and formally the payment of tribute was abolished in 1700. Ah, well, well there, but de facto the last time they paid was in 1684.

[00:36:00]Those were the Crimeans, right? Yes. In the sense that Moscow paid tribute to the Crimean khans. Here. Ah, well, since the founding of this khanate. Well, you can’t say that it was super-regular, but until 1684. That is, a cunning structure in which Moscow pays tribute to the Crimean khans. The Crimean khans were vassals.

[00:36:27]Ah, so I realized what I needed to be able to pay my rent every month without any problems. I just need a few vassals.

[00:36:36]Yes, that's right.

[00:36:39]And I will pay your lord. And what about me, I work all the time like a fool.

[00:36:48]Ah, well, and, actually, how did it happen that they ended up in A?

[00:36:58]By the way, that’s also an important historical fact, and it needs to be mentioned as well. And in 1571, Handa Vletgierei, in my opinion, if I’m not mistaken, burned aa in Moscow.

[00:37:13]Yes, baby. Let the path be like devletrey. Yes.

[00:37:19]May 24th, I think, is when it happened, right?

[00:37:24]And very, very important. Why did he do it? Well, first of all, Moscow tried to resist and not pay the long-distance charges, and this is one of the reasons. And the second aa Davlet Gerey sought the liberation of the Kazan Khanate and so on, well, that is, how it all happened after the capture of Kazan. Therefore, this was the reason for the campaign against Moscow, and Moscow was burned. Well, Moscow has been burned more than once, so, actually, well, and the third wooden buildings burn well and beautifully. Yes, yes, yes, yes. I hope that this will happen again and again. Here. Ah, about Moscow, but what did it turn out to be, that is, well, the main reason is the fight for the Black Sea. That is, as is well known, the Russian Empire, in fact, had no access to the Black Sea until the 15th century.

[00:38:23]That is, it.

[00:38:24]Why did she rush in there like that? Well, she's finally broken down. She had connections to the Hansa there when Novgorod was still operating. That is, there were exits through the Gulf of Finland, there were exits into the White Sea. Why do you still need black?

[00:38:40]By the way, they didn’t really have much access to the northern seas either. And actually, this also appeared after No, well, what kind of fetish is this, like, when I get to the Mediterranean Sea, I’ll put a sun lounger there.

[00:38:58]No, well, it can be explained quite simply.

[00:39:00]Firstly, the sea is always trade.

[00:39:05]It is always trade, because the sea route for transporting goods there is still dominant today. That is, it’s not that something has changed there in this sense. Here.

[00:39:20]Secondly, these are questions of military power, right? That is, it is clear that if you have a fleet, and we are talking about the 15th-10th centuries, and whoever has a fleet is more powerful. And the most important thing, it’s very important that, uh, if, let’s say, if you have this fleet, you can, uh, colonize some territories, take their resources. Here is Spain - this is a classic example. That's what they were - they were a large maritime empire, but then Great Britain, England, defeated them a little at the end of the 15th century, and then Britain became a powerful Moscow and empire. Therefore, and, roughly speaking, as I already said, Russian history is always secondary, always secondary, it is catching up, it is not, uh, well, there, except, maybe, for all sorts of stupid things, well, all sorts of terrible things, like the Gulag or, for example, ah, this Yermolovshchina in the Caucasus here, yes, here we are, of course, pioneers, yes. Yes. Ah, um, but in other respects the Russian Empire repeated the patterns of the British, Spanish, and French.

[00:40:49]That is, they had a role model in this sense.

[00:40:54]Here they are telling us, here they are telling us, what kind of access to the ice-free seas is this?

[00:41:00]But by the way, I doubt it. Does the North Sea freeze? Does Arkhangelsk freeze? Does Murmansk freeze?

[00:41:09]Well, Petersburg is located on Finnish. The Gulf of Finland freezes over. Exactly. Yes.

[00:41:17]Here. Well, yes. Yes. That is, this also played a role, yes. Well, it just happened that way, right? That is, as I, as I already said, since she was a vassal, then within the framework of the war, this was no longer under Peter, this happened later, this happened under Catherine II, yes, that is, the Russo-Turkish war, and the Ottomans lost and the Kainarciri peace was concluded, ah, which made it independent from the Ottomans. That is, formally independence was recognized, but de facto, of course, Crimea was liberated from the Turkish oppressors, right? Yes.

[00:42:10]From Turkish drug addicts, yes. And so, accordingly, aa and, accordingly, fell under the influence of Russia. That is, but how long did the independent Crimean Khanate last, what do you think?

[00:42:31]I'm betting on 14 years.

[00:42:34]Less.

[00:42:36]How many?

[00:42:36]Even 9 years. It existed independently for 9 years. It was necessary to sing, it was necessary to collect bets from all the female spectators first. Yes. Yes.

[00:42:46]And then, 9 years after the Treaty of Karnadjir, Catherine II annexed Crimea. Yes.

[00:43:00]Case of annexation. Here. And what happens next, right? That is, what happens next is typical of colonial Russian history. Here they are always repeated. Firstly, the khan's power is destroyed. independent diplomacy. That is, everything is in Crimea, in the Crimean Khanate there, that is, let us remind, remind us who are not in the know. What year was the first annexation of Crimea? 1700.

[00:43:31]Well, well, in this case it’s 1774, yes, but more precisely, the Kuchuk Kainaji Peace Treaty of 1774, and the annexation took place in 1783. Yes.

[00:43:45]So, 17700 700 783 eighty-third time, the first time we enter Crimea. OK. Yes.

[00:43:55]Here. Well, as I already said, the khan's power is being destroyed there, independent diplomacy, some of the Islamic institutions that existed there, and they are beginning to actively populate Crimea with Russians, Ukrainians, Greeks, Armenians, Germans, and colonists. That is, firstly, yes, it’s not that the population is being replaced, but at the same time, diversity is increasing.

[00:44:26]Here. Do I understand correctly that in this case you are describing how a nomadic population is being displaced by a sedentary one?

[00:44:34]Well, it's not that it was being repressed.

[00:44:37]I think the point of these relocations is more to reduce the concentration of some kind of ethnic group that is dominant. Well, in this case, the imperial government's task was to reduce the concentration of Tatar, this is in itself more than just that, this is the main thing. Well, that's what all this is done for, as a rule. Then military settlements were created there, new cities, uh, starting from this bureaucracy, yes, the aristocracy, and, land allotments were transferred to the Russians, yes, that is, and many Tatar lands were simply confiscated, transferred to these nobles, given to new settlers.

[00:45:34]That is, the traditional structure of land ownership and management that the Crimean Tatars had there, in fact, as my friend told me about her grandmother, my grandmother always told me: "What's mine is mine, and what's yours is mine too."

[00:45:55]Yes, yes, yes. Everything is so, everything is so. Well, by the way, Kabardians, Balkars, Circassians, Dagestanis, and Turkic peoples are asking here. No. Ah, look, Kabordintsy, and these are Circassians. Circassians and Kabordins are one and the same, and Circassians is an external name, but they call themselves Adyghe. Dagestanis are not one people, there are at least 50 of them, some say more than a hundred.

[00:46:26]And they all speak East Caucasian languages, the so-called Nag-Dagestan languages. Balkars are Turks. Karachays and Balkars are Turks. Here. A, m, and then, then. That is, well, there are some interesting comments on the air.

[00:46:56]And also, yes, we No, I’ll just add, forgive me, about the Balkars, Circassians and Dagestanis. We've already had a few episodes about them, where Damir talked in detail about ethnoginesis, about how there were Turkic peoples, there were Nav-Dagestani peoples, there were Iranian-speaking peoples. I understand that these are the three main groups, right? Yes. Yes.

[00:47:22]Oh, and the Hungarians are not Turks, they are Ugrians, a Ugric people.

[00:47:31]Romanians are, oh my God, a Romance language group. Well, in general, yes, can I answer again? They write to us here: "We need to learn history, chatterboxes." This is precisely why we have historian and political scientist Damir Musin, and you have the opportunity to study history. Just listen.

[00:47:52]Yes, Damir, yes. Well, here they start telling the classic Russian narrative about how Russia was forced to seize Crimea, the Crimean Khanate, and so on.

[00:48:17]Oh, our favorite listener Sofia has arrived, and she writes: "The Circassians have not two mutually intelligible languages, but two mutually intelligible languages: the Western Adyk and Eastern Adyk Kabordin dialects." Thank you very much, Sofia. We missed you.

[00:48:39]Please continue. Yes.

[00:48:40]Uh, well, mm, how many comments are there? And then this comment came in, right?

[00:48:50]That is, we will comment on it, and at the same time we will help this commentator of ours to learn history. But the Russian narrative of imperial power always says the same thing: that we were forced to, that we captured Kazan, because the Tatars were fleeing from us. We captured Crimea because the Turks raided us, and the Tatars raided us.

[00:49:16]No, guys, the main reason why this takeover happened was not because you were being raided. First of all, the first point that you need to understand is why did you actually get too close to them that they started raiding you? Don’t you wonder what you were doing there, where is Moscow and where is Crimea? Now that's it. Secondly, eh, but that's even God bless him. The fact of the raids must be acknowledged as follows, and the main reason why all this happened was access to the Black Sea for the purpose of domination, military domination and other things. That is, ah, this is the reason, and not that some lover persuaded her or something else. Well, that's not it, that's my aunt. The second cousin is to blame. The genes are bad.

[00:50:09]And I also want to add here, you can take a look. We recently released a short.

[00:50:13]We also have the wonderful hysterical Yulia Karpushina. Here. And, uh, we did uh a little uh episode about the colonization of the Russian Empire. Not the Russian Empire, but then the Russian kingdom of Yamal and this eastern direction. about how the raids were carried out. An order came from Moscow to set up forts everywhere, take hostages, and take out tribute. And these caravans, as well as the prison where the hostages were kept, were raided. You see, they were not heading from Yamal to Moscow. Yes. I'm sorry, Damir.

[00:50:53]Yes, yes, yes, yes. Here. Ah, so the key reason why I'm talking is because of military dominance.

[00:51:03]That's why all this was done. Here.

[00:51:07]And the most important thing is that, as I already said, the Crimean Tatars were a hindrance to the empire, they diluted them with other peoples, took their lands and many other things happened. Here.

[00:51:23]And in the 10th century, a mass emigration of Tatars occurred. This is, well, that is, the very same muhajirism.

[00:51:31]And this happened after the Crimean War. Ah, well, this happened before the Crimean War, yes, that is, but after the Crimean War, which took place in the middle of the 15th century, which Russia lost with Tretskoy, Damir, let's do a broadcast about wars sometime. which Russia lost. Yes. Yes. So.

[00:51:56]Ah, um, well, yes, indeed. Where is St. Petersburg and where is Crimea?

[00:52:03]There, there, yes, sorry, sorry. What does Moscow have to do with this? When was St. Petersburg the capital? And look, when the colonization of Siberia begins, in Siberia, when, for example, Mangazeya is being built, when other cities are being built there, Turukhansk. And look when St. Petersburg is being built. Just open the founding dates of these cities.

[00:52:23]When Tobolsk was built.

[00:52:27]Here. Ah, that's all. So, he says, the raids were enough? No, of course it's not enough. And these invented, how can I say, attempts of yours to justify imperial domination, they, of course, are always astonishing. But this is our channel, and that’s what we’re counting on. We, uh, are fighting with these, yes, special, what is called, that's it.

[00:52:54]Mm, uh, I would have already banned him a little, because aa person decided to just clog up the airwaves. Ah, listen, the Tatars raided the Slavs. Yes.

[00:53:08]So, why are we showing you the map?

[00:53:12]With dates we usually show a map of where the Tatars were and where the Slavs were and who these Slavs were.

[00:53:19]And this is, well, rarely intersecting territory, yes. Please continue, Domer.

[00:53:27]Yes, there were raids on Russia in school textbooks. Well, basically we're telling you now what really happened, if you don't buy into Russian propaganda.

[00:53:39]Please stop retelling us school textbooks. We are not interested in this. We also read them in childhood. Yes, Damir, go ahead.

[00:53:46]Yes, and as I said, yes, that is, this happened, a mass exodus of Tatars to Turkey, primarily to the Ottoman Empire. Well, here are the reasons for the loss of lands, for which they do this and the second is religious mistrust, yes, that is, ah, well, how is it, actually, as it was with the devils, as well as, actually, there with the Korchavians, yes, who also migrated. That is, the religious factor is very important. Well, well, well, actually, this had a very strong influence, right? That is, what if, as I already said, something has changed demographically, right? If in the 15th century the Crimean Tatars were the ethnic majority on the peninsula, then by the end of the 10th century they had become a minority. The language of cities has changed. the cultural environment has changed. Ah, well, that's all. That is, Crimea was simply transformed finally into an imperial province. But wait, that is, the Crimean Tatars, just like the Circassians, were forced to leave for the Ottoman Empire? Yes. Yes. That's all true. That's all true.

[00:55:02]Here. Now let's move on to the Nogais, shall we?

[00:55:07]So, am I correct in understanding that the Crimean Tatars were the first to fall victim to the Russian attack? Yes.

[00:55:15]Yes, yes. That is, and well, not the first. This is precisely why I am combining all of this into one broadcast. This all happened at about the same time. Here's the thing. And ah, what was what was important, right? That is, well, first of all, that, well, as I said, the Nagai are the heirs, ah, of the Golden Horde to the inhabitants of the Nagai Khanate and not only the Nagai Khanate. I'll show you now. In fact, it is much wider and bigger than it appears there. Maybe Domir will show where the Agaytsy attacked Moscow from. Show us.

[00:55:58]Yes, yes.

[00:55:59]They walked a couple of thousand kilometers and attacked. Of course, it's very convenient. There was no one closer. Yes.

[00:56:04]Okay, now I need a window. Yes.

[00:56:11]Here. So this is what it looked like, right? And here it is, the small Nagai Horde next to Crimea. Great Nagai Horde. That is, this entire territory was controlled by the Nagai Horde. And it was mainly inhabited by Turkic people. That is, this is important, that is, this is where Astrakhan is now.

[00:56:37]Ah, ah, yes, this is Astrakhan, where, ah, well, where is Astrakhan, where, actually, is Krasnodar Krai, Rostov Oblast, Stavropol, that is, this is a large territory, the entire Azov region, which is, ah, that’s why, ah, that’s what I’m talking about, yes, come on, ah, I showed the map, it opened up. Well, yes. Now you're showing us where the Great Nogai Horde was located. And they write to us here that these are all historical tales.

[00:57:13]History has been rewritten a thousand times, 10,000 times. It’s interesting that this historian probably studied history using certain methods. Well, probably the university has some methods. You are sent to some card with dates. We drew it ourselves. In fact, reptilians lived there. Sorry, but reptilians live there for you. Continue, please, and here is mm, and why was the empire afraid, actually, of the Nogai Horde, the Nogai Tatars, right? Well, firstly, they are difficult to control; yes, they moved freely, but they maintained ties with the Ottoman Empire and did not fit into the sedentary tax system.

[00:57:56]That is, a nomad is always a problem for an empire. And so, gradually, yes, that is, the seizure of the steppes begins, yes, that is, after the weakening of the Crimean Khanate, that is, Russia gradually begins to subjugate Kuban, the Azov region, the Caspian Sea. Here.

[00:58:20]What exactly does she do? How does she do this?

[00:58:24]And there was a story there that they were simply evicted from this area.

[00:58:33]Here. And where during the reign of Catherine II?

[00:58:38]Yeah.

[00:58:40]Beyond the Urals, to the Siberian lands there. That is, it was very, very serious. In the 1770s and 1780s, this forced resettlement took place, and part of the Nagai people moved beyond the Urals, beyond the Volga. This caused some resistance, didn't it? That is, the Nagai rebelled against this resettlement.

[00:59:06]Here. But in 1783, a major uprising took place, which was suppressed by Suvorov, yes, the very one that Russian history loves to be proud of.

[00:59:18]Yes, as a child I really liked the book "Bird of Glory" about the exploits of Suvorov, Kutuzov and some other exploits. Yes. Yes.

[00:59:27]And many Nogai Tatars were killed. a significant portion simply fled to the same Ottoman Empire. That is, muhajirism happened here too.

[00:59:40]Here. And this traditional Nagai steppe was populated by Cossacks and other settlers. That is, that is, what kind of period is this?

[00:59:52]Well, this is 1770-1780, roughly speaking, the last quarter of the 15th century.

[01:00:00]That's all. That is, uh, in fact, these lands were taken away from those, from the people who lived there, well, for one and a half thousand years. Here. And no, it cannot be said that all the Tatars there were deported. No, some part remained, but it simply became a minority. That is, if it was a majority, then at some point it became some kind of minimal minority. Yes.

[01:00:37]Please tell me, Damir, I have a question for you. You say that the Nagai are nomads, and that controlling nomads is a problem for the state. And when the Third Reich and Russian laws arose, they were aimed not only at the Jews, but also at the Roma people, yes, at the Gypsies. And the Roma people suffered significantly less. Although, of course, he suffered too, eh, precisely because they did not have a settled life.

[01:01:07]That is, it was impossible to just grab them all in one armful, take the whole city and lead them out, because, well, you go and find them first. How did it happen? uh, this eviction was carried out several centuries earlier on the territory of the vast, well, on the large steppes. Yes.

[01:01:28]How awkwardly I said it, but I hope you understand.

[01:01:32]Well, yes, yes, yes.

[01:01:35]And here, by the way, is a question, not a question, but a comment, that the Nagai Horde was not consistent, yes, and among other things, it helped to populate my, it helped to capture Astrakhan. Well, yes, that was the story.

[01:01:57]This is true. It was the same story with the Kalmyks, for example. Because they ask us why the Kalmyks were n’t resettled.

[01:02:09]Well, they moved there themselves. They moved from the place where they lived.

[01:02:15]So, let's say, from the Baikal region, yes, in the steppe, even into the Pulp desert, yes, the Caspian one.

[01:02:27]Here. They also had an inconsistent policy. That is, at one moment they helped the Tatars, at another moment they helped the Russians, yes, that is, in the fight against the Tatars. It was such a complicated process. Well, it seems to me, it seems to me that politics in general is an inconsistent thing. That's all true. That's all true. And therefore, therefore, uh, mm, there was no need to resettle them, because at that moment they were quite allies of the Russian Empire Kalmyks, if we are to say the flow of words. And Yeah.

[01:03:05]Here.

[01:03:07]Ah, and tell me, please, we touched on the Crimean Tatars a little, talked about the Nogais, but we didn’t talk about the Kumyks. This is quite a large nation. It is still a large nation. I think there are several million Kumyks living there. Yes.

[01:03:26]No, no, well, a few million, a few million, yes, that's enough. Sorry, I read that Kumykh was a ling in the French Caucasus because Kumyk had a lot of political power, right?

[01:03:41]Until the arrival of the Russian Empire, this kling franc was then exchanged for the Russian one. In general, there are about 500,000 Kumyks, that is, not many. Here is one of the small peoples. Ah, ah, what’s important is that yes, indeed, the Kumyk language was a language for a very long time, a language of interethnic communication, right up until the beginning of the 20th century. But not because there is only influence in the matter, but in some kind of domination, there was no such thing.

[01:04:17]This is more likely among the Kumyks, but what is the correct way to say it? They actively participated in trade relations, in communication, and in interaction with the Caucasian peoples. And that ’s why it was convenient there in Kumyksk for many reasons. Well, as I already said in the last broadcast, in those days, in those days before the beginning, well, before the 20th century, no one bothered about who spoke what language. And they often spoke m ae in several languages. That is why in the modern world, people there know one or two languages, as a rule. Here. Mm, and, mm, what did Russia want to do there during this fifty-year Russian-Caucasian war, ah, among other things, Russia captured the Kumyks, that is, ah, it was Russia that destroyed its governing bodies, aa, the self- governing bodies of the Kumyks, yes, that is, the khanate, these Shamkhalates. and so on. Yes.

[01:05:39]And how many of them were there?

[01:05:41]How many of them were there?

[01:05:43]Ah, well no, there was the Tarkov Shamkhalate, yes, there was the Metkhuli Khanate. That is, well, these are rather changing things, rather than, that is, but well, but there was statehood, that is, one way or another, statehood existed among the Kumyks.

[01:06:01]That's why it was a task, and they did it, that is, they destroyed the systems of self-government, set up a fortified line, controlled the roads and plains. This is, in fact, why a significant part of the land was transferred to the Cossack troops. That is, again, from the Kumyks, as well as from the Crimean Tatars, as well as from the Nogais, again, that is, history is repeating itself, they began to take away the lands. And land in such densely populated areas is a very critically important factor.

[01:06:39]Very critical. There was n't enough of it for peasants in the central territory of Russia, for example, right? But here it’s simply a question of life, survival, and so on.

[01:06:51]So, Russian settlements began to be established on Kumyk lands and the Russification of the administration there began, right? That is, well, that is, Islamic institutions were subordinated, the local nobility was limited, and Russian bureaucracy and schools were introduced. That is, Uh- huh.

[01:07:17]this is what happened. Ah, well, let's clarify. This means that the Russian Empire is coming to the territory of the Caucasian lands and the various peoples who inhabit the Caucasian lands. And I apologize to the people who are professional experts in this field. Our project's goal is to explain things very simply, because people who come to us sometimes feel like they haven't finished ninth grade.

[01:07:43]Here further on, for example, is Ermolov. I understood that, in addition to the policy of scorched earth and intimidation, he had the idea that the highlanders should be driven from the valleys and plains into the mountains. That is, if empires usually try to drive them down to make them easier to control, then here there was a real battle for land in order to repopulate it.

[01:08:08]Well, if you live in the mountains, then you, excuse me, simply won’t multiply there very much, because all these large-scale crops, like in China, for example, are agricultural crops and you can grow a lot of grain. Yes.

[01:08:23]Yes, yes, yes. Everything is so, everything is so. And here they write to us, uh, yes, do you want to read it? The Kumyks are in trouble. Highlanders, Avars, Dorgins and others are resettled from the mountainous Kumyk plain to their ancestral lands, which sometimes leads to conflict between the Dagestanis. Yes, there is such a thing. This is an important point. Ah, um, Sofia, write us an email, maybe you'll come on air with us, tell us more, maybe you're an expert in this matter. We would be very pleased to invite you to talk in any of them. Yes.

[01:09:03]Our mail, our mail is in the channel profile, yes. And there is such an important point that the Kumyks, of course, tried to maneuver between three empires, between the Russian, Ottoman Empire and the Persian Empire, yes, that is, Persia.

[01:09:25]Here.

[01:09:27]And because, well, how would it be during the seventeenth 18, because if you have such gigantic formations, yes, which, uh, next to you, one way or another, you have to maneuver between them. The Kumyks did not have any strictly direct conflict with the Russian state. That is, they, uh, now the first time they ended up there was in the Russian Empire, during Peter I’s Caspian campaign, right? That is, this is the year 1722-23, after which, well, we talked about this in previous broadcasts, peace treaties were concluded with Persia. And these territories, they were transferred as if under, well, that is, it would be more correct to formulate it this way: Persia renounced its claims to these territories. That is, she, and, accordingly, but this did not mean that the conclusion of this agreement automatically means that, as if, someone agrees that Russia will be in charge there. Here. Yes.

[01:10:40]And therefore, part of the elite collaborated, part of the elite collaborated with the Russian Empire. Here. But some part of the Kumyks resisted there, well, there, well, for example, they attacked Russian garrisons, supported anti-Russian forces there and oriented themselves towards the Ottomans and Persians. That is, it was like there was a small split in the Kumyks, and meanwhile they started to build there. This is a traditional thing, which is also characteristic of colonial policy: they began to build fortresses, lines of fortifications, and so on. That is, ah, well, for example, Kizlyar became a stronghold of the Russian empire. Here. Ah, and a fortress is always an army, administration, trade, control of roads. That is, this is already a clear interference in the lives of the people. Here the people begin to lose sovereignty.

[01:11:49]And then, in the 15th century, Russia began to interfere in matters of succession to power among the Umyks, appointing rulers loyal to itself and demanding military support. Well, this was before the Caucasian War. Here. Yes.

[01:12:09]And before the Russo-Caucasian War. Here. And this Caucasian defensive line, what is its big advantage, what is its problematic? It cuts through the steppe spaces. That is, this is starting to interfere with the nomads, right? So this is an important point.

[01:12:34]Limits population mobility. That is, for nomadic people this all becomes a big problem. And mm, that is, this Caucasian defensive line, it, among other things, created this problem. Here. Yes.

[01:12:54]I want to insert something here. This is a little, uh, maybe not the best example, but, uh, if we take Yamal and in general take, uh, the north - uh, Northern Siberia, the northern peoples, specifically the reindeer herding cultures, it seems, well, there is so much space there, reindeer herders, what are you complaining about? And when everything is blocked by pipelines and oil spills into the sand, yes, where some kind of food supply used to grow, then that's it. Well, that is, this population, uh, deer, will be declining. If it decreases, the number of people who live around this reindeer population will also decrease. And moreover, I am terribly worried about the animals, because, you know, what monstrous deforestation is happening all over Russia now. There's enough news about this without us, but you can see it all on maps, you can watch it on YouTube. But the worst thing about this is not only that trees are being destroyed, but that the habitats of wild animals are being destroyed; they run out onto the highway in terror because there is no space left for them at all. They walk between cut down forests. Eh, and, naturally, if you have everything here crossed by highways, then you can’t reproduce anywhere else.

[01:14:17]You can't pump it out anywhere. Here, it seems to me, it is arranged in exactly the same way in people and animals. Well, at least close. Yes. Yes.

[01:14:27]That's why all these three peoples have a common destiny, right? That is, this is a common colonial fate. And they were the first to meet, well, take on the blow of this expansion of the empire to the south, right? That is, they were the first, then, accordingly, the Caucasian peoples came next, and the same thing happened to them, the same things happened not only to the Crimean Tatars, but also to the Kumyks, and to the Nogais. Here we can record the first one. dilute the population, that is, deliberately create a situation in which the ethnic majority becomes a non-majority. This is a colonial practice, it is typical for many empires, yes, that is, to dilute the population. The next point is the transfer of land. That is, your lands are taken away and handed over, so to speak, to imperial servants. That is, they become the basis of the landowner.

[01:15:47]Thirdly, this is the construction of fortresses and all sorts of military infrastructure, which, well, interferes with the traditional way of life.

[01:16:00]Here.

[01:16:01]and the local administration in all three cases, that is, in all three cases we can say that the local nobility, the local rulers were limited in power and were ousted in every possible way, and then simply replaced. These are the key things that are characteristic of them.

[01:16:25]Here they give us a hint, ah, a question from Instagram. Someone is watching us there. After all, the Ayrats of the 15th century lived there and displaced the Nagays. Here's a trick question for you, Damir.

[01:16:40]Yes, the Airats have lived there since the 15th century.

[01:16:43]So, these are exactly the Talmyks. No, these are not Talmyks. Kalmyks - that's them.

[01:16:50]Here. Well, yes, well, I repeat, specifically, the resettlement policy was initiated by Catherine II. That is, this is an important resettlement policy towards the Nagai Tatars. That is, in fact, they went there, yes, but the Kalmyks themselves, yes, they ended up there earlier than being resettled to the traffic police.

[01:17:20]Here. Yes. Yes. Yes.

[01:17:24]Yes, well that's a slightly different topic.

[01:17:26]We cannot tell about all the peoples at once. Sofia writes to us that she can’t. Sofia, send us the materials.

[01:17:34]Send us materials. We will make scripts for them and indicate that we thank you.

[01:17:40]We value knowledgeable people very much, and we always try to expand our cooperation. If we are sent materials, we at least try to read them. And someday we get around to it, not always right away, instantly, but, uh, we will try to do it, of course.

[01:18:00]So, look, yes, so to understand about the Kalmyks, the Kalmyks in this Caspian, a, territory, yes, appeared at the end of the 15th, at the beginning of the 15th century, yes, so by the middle of the 15th century they had finally established themselves there. This is an important point that needs to be understood. But Nagai, the seizure of Nagai lands, their expulsion from there and so on, this was already the second half of the 15th century. So Damir, could you show me that map of yours that you don’t really like, but where you can show how the features of states change over the years? I think that would be interesting.

[01:18:46]Yes, yes, yes. Now, now we will show you a beautiful map. And by the way, Damir and I found a map.

[01:18:53]Next time we'll show you one that doesn't include Moscow.

[01:18:58]I think that about this, yes, we need to talk about the fact that look, guys, we have proven it.

[01:19:06]Okay, let's get to the comments for now, uh, I'll read a little bit, while uh, while Domir opens another field of the map. Hello to the Kazakhs. Glory to Ukraine. Glory to Ukraine. We support you.

[01:19:22]And so all troubles come from the empire, Natasha Zubkova writes to us. We send her our regards.

[01:19:28]Hello, Natasha. Yes.

[01:19:31]Greetings from Kazakhstan. We are very pleased when people write to us from where they are watching us.

[01:19:35]Of course, we are very happy when people from Kazakhstan, Ukraine and so on watch us. Yes. It was the Kazakh-Mongols, or rather, the hyphenated ones, who destroyed the Mongol Empire. Well, that's debatable.

[01:19:50]And so.

[01:19:54]And by the way, here is Valentin, Valentin is our broadcast director. Tell me later what these codes mean, otherwise I'll start banning people for them, but maybe there's nothing indecent there.

[01:20:11]Explain what you want. Really, we want to Make Rush small again and destroy the entire Russian Empire myth. Miss, I don't know how to say it correctly. We want Empire must die.

[01:20:23]Always Empire must die. We want history to stop being substituted, so we're sitting here for free. But you can, of course, donate to us and all the details are in your profile. We are talking about what actually happened, that there were never any voluntary entries. Well, almost never. And how people actually acted, that in fact this policy towards other peoples was close to genocidal. Well, it was certainly terrorist, because it was all about taking hostages. Yes. Yes. Yes.

[01:20:56]And, for example, if we talk about Ermolov, then Ermolov, uh, if one of the local peoples staged an uprising, he executed hostages, hanged them. Here you go, this is the policy of the Russian Empire. Completely involuntary entry. Well, look, where is the Nagai Horde, right? Here is the Nagai Horde, and further on, between the Caspian and Black Seas, is the Caucasus. What peoples could have attacked Moscow? Well, this is absurd, right? Damir, so, will you show me the next card? It opens for you.

[01:21:29]Valentin, please help us. I see it only now, now, for a second. So. They write to us: “Handsome Kazakhs, you gave the Russian delegation such a reception.” We don't know what you mean. Somehow this was missed. They are probably watching us from Franspoort too. We are also very pleased about this.

[01:21:53]So, please show us how the Moscow kingdom is expanding. Look, Novgorod there is already some kind of Yeah, I get it. Well, this is, uh, let's say, the very beginning of expansion, yes, this is when Moscow already captured Novgorod.

[01:22:14]I put the year 1475 here.

[01:22:16]This is Novgorod's first sight, right? Yes. Then, for example, we can look, but here it also did not expand particularly. Here. But there at 1558 it will expand sharply.

[01:22:38]Here. That is, here too, the Nogai Horde and the Siberian Khanate remain. There is Crimean rudeness here.

[01:22:50]Here. Well, now I am... But you can do more.

[01:22:55]Now I'm on Yes, show us more. And, by the way, about the raids recently. Oh my God, I closed this source, I should have saved it, but I will find it. It told about how the Russians attacked Norwegian lands and there were constant raids and how the Norwegians had to build defensive fortresses. But for some reason Norway did not decide to annex Russia. Yes. Yes.

[01:23:17]Well, here it is. The Crimean Khanate was Golden. Yes. This is the year 1450. At that time, Moscow was still under the vassalage of the Golden Dniester. Here. And here 1500 there is the fifty-eighth, here, as we have already said, a sharp expansion at the expense of the Kazan Khanate, which was actually captured. And, uh, even 5050 is not yet possible there, but the expansion mainly occurred due to the Astrakhan Khanate, which, in fact, the Nogai Horde helped Moscow capture, but whatever happened, happened in history, yes. Here. M.

[01:24:10]Ah, yes. And then, at A's expense, everything will be fine. That is, there is a sharp expansion. So, in fact, please forgive me again. Ah, yes, okay, finish the conversation, then I'll ask. I have so many questions. Yes. Yes.

[01:24:24]And so, ah-ah, but this is, as it were, the formal border of the Muscovite kingdom.

[01:24:32]De facto, de facto this entire territory, it was controlled by the Turks, and it was controlled by them. That is, Moscow did not have the opportunity to intervene in this space. Here's the thing. Here it was 650, yes, there it sharply expands towards Siberia. Here. Yes.

[01:25:03]In terms of the Caucasus and other things, everything remains the same. That is, formally, these territories, they, uh, are considered Moscow’s, but Moscow did not have its own control there. Yes.

[01:25:15]And this white plosva is precisely the Caucasus.

[01:25:19]This is the Caucasus, yes, yes, yes. That is, these are already the places of residence of the Circassians, Adygs, well, Circassians, Abkhazians, Korachaev and Balkar Olans, Ossetians and other peoples. That's all there is to it.

[01:25:41]And here is this space. Yes.

[01:25:45]And here, of course, yes, the empire had no control at all.

[01:25:50]formally, this southernmost outpost is, well, I don’t know what kind of cities there could be here. Let's try to increase it. This is, uh, this is the maximum, uh, Stavropol.

[01:26:04]Well, yes, it turns out that it’s Stavropol or Agu.

[01:26:12]So, our voice from above tells us here. Yes. Yes.

[01:26:16]So, yes, for now the domer is moving the map. I will read one comment. You can't put the toothpaste back into the tube. You can't shove it in, but you can stop sitting on it and say that it's okay to sit on it.

[01:26:31]We can do this easily. Yes. Yes.

[01:26:34]But we have a very clear answer. First of all, we, uh, uh, first of all, it’s like you can’t shove toothpaste somewhere, it’s all, so to speak, complete nonsense.

[01:26:52]And then it falls off. It dries out and falls off by itself. Yes. Yes.

[01:26:56]And in all empires, or rather all empires, one way or another died. They all disappeared. Therefore, ah, the same thing is destined to happen to Russia. That is, we want it, whether you want it or not, it’s just a matter of time. This is the first point. The second point is that Russian history is built on lies. That is, it came in a special way, well, that is, it was specially invented in such a way as to show that the peoples entered this empire voluntarily. This is wrong.

[01:27:32]Most of the peoples did not enter and most of the peoples did not resist this and resisted harshly and all of this was bloody enough. This is the first point. The second point is that all the time this false narrative is being shown, from which you are now hearing this narrative. It is exploited again and again.

[01:28:04]But we didn’t want to attack, we were forced to, we did it. But they didn’t leave us a chance. NATO or not, it doesn't matter, they still keep feeding us this nonsense to this day. And everyone starts to believe it. After all, some people, that is, with their own eyes, could see that Russia attacked Ukraine. Here, I do n’t know what kind of intellectual abilities you need to have in order not to understand that this happened like this. This is an obvious fa.

[01:28:36]Yes, I know how to do it. Look, this is how you do it. It was Russia that did not attack Ukraine.

[01:28:43]Well, that's why this is a false narrative that they didn't raid us, so we were forced to go there.

[01:28:53]You weren't forced to do anything there.

[01:28:54]Why is an axe suddenly the solution to a headache? Here. Ah, that's why you seized other people's lands. You have seized foreign lands. Here's what you need to understand. And record this very clearly in your head. And the main thing is that it was never the kindest empire, not the kind that only brings happiness to the people and untruth. This whole thing is a made-up thing; the people were worse off. If just recently, even 150 years ago, the bulk of the population, well, the bulk of the population was not Russian, but now by the end, well, more precisely at the beginning of the 21st century, 80 there is 2%, right?

[01:29:54]are Russian or already 88, that is, in fact, extinct are recorded as Russians, yes.

[01:30:02]Well, the question there is not even that they are recording or not recording, it’s just that people have died out. So they resettled the muhajirs in every possible way; people fled to the Ottoman Empire from their lands. Ah, listen, well, Damir, you know, I want to disagree with you a little bit here. That is, of course, I support you for the most part, but we also need to pay attention to how the phenotype of people changes if we go to the south of Russia. Well, excuse me, but this Caucasian assimilation is visible there, it’s visible. There are dark-skinned people with black eyebrows and black eyes. They look completely different.

[01:30:46]And, well, they didn't disappear, they were just often forcibly assimilated.

[01:30:51]Sometimes it was the only way to survive. Yes. Yes. Yes.

[01:30:59]That's right. Well, that's what I'm saying, that is, in fact, what's happening is, how can you say it, and the empire certainly didn't bring happiness to these peoples. But she didn't bring happiness. This is what needs to be understood. And our channel, and in this case specifically our broadcast, we talk about historical processes that we look at not through the eyes of an empire or a colonizer, but in school we were taught to look only through the eyes.

[01:31:29]I'll tell you even more than that, not only at school, but also at university.

[01:31:33]But also at the university. As someone who actually graduated from the institute, I know that there are a lot of interesting narratives being presented there. And we look at this same story, at these same events, through the eyes of a person who, well, is being colonized. That is, here we are, this is our view, this is our, well, the meaning of it. Here. And ah yes, that is, this is probably the main idea, because if we are asked the question: “What do you want?”

[01:32:11]We want to, uh, create an alternative view of this same story, so that, uh, so that the largest possible number of people know about it, understand it, and can resist all these imperial narratives that are in schools, and on TV, and in the movies, and everywhere, everywhere, everywhere that indoctrinate people. Yes.

[01:32:39]And specifically, here we have the first comment in the chat about the North Caucasus or Dagestan, I don’t remember what the participant wrote, that we are for Russia. What does this mean? About the fact that a person studied in a Russian school, where they forced him to study Pushkin and, uh, distanced him as much as possible from his own history. Because if you know your own history, you no longer identify with the people who committed enormous amounts of violence against your ancestors.

[01:33:12]Ah, so as you understand, people often don’t see the difference between propaganda and, that is, between the distortion of reality and reality. Therefore, within propaganda, a mythology is very conveniently created that justifies absolutely all actions, uh, on the part of the, uh, aggressor.

[01:33:36]And if you don't, uh, interact with this myth, if you don't create, uh, options where you can watch it without such an imperial gloss, then we will never be able to stop all the subsequent wars that the empire wages. Well, here Domiria should also say that, with regard to history, of course, Russia is not the only one who is so smart. That is, of course, Russia is ahead of the planet in propaganda, but it is obvious that Russia did not invent propaganda and it was not only the Russian Empire that used it and even continues to use it.

[01:34:11]Look at Turkey right now.

[01:34:14]Well, everything is so, everything is so. All empires are similar to each other. All as one.

[01:34:21]They have common behavioral meanings, or how can I say, common and semantic narratives, yes, and behavioral patterns that are similar to each other.

[01:34:36]Suddenly, new participants have joined us, and for them, because they are asking a question from Kazakhstan, I will repeat that the topic of our broadcast today was the colonization of the Turks of the Caucasus and Crimea. And we talked about several peoples, peoples who were either, uh, driven out of the territory of the Russian Empire, or - uh, forcibly assimilated, well, and so on, completely resettled. Yes.

[01:35:05]By the way, here in the comments they are also trying to say, these are also fans of this Russian propaganda, let's call it imperial, that small nations, yes, well, first of all, are not small nations, right? That is, if we talk about the Kazan Khanate, which was captured, it was more numerous than the Russian principalities and so on. That is to say, this is not true; these are not small nations, for the most part. And there is another very interesting point. We also love this about Russia never starting a war. This is not true to begin with. And I never lost.

[01:35:50]She lost most of the wars. Here. And the famous story is when the Chukchi people, uh, beat the Russian army several times in the 16th century, well, they beat the Russian army by almost 120 meters. And in fact, the Chukchi people retained their, uh, traditions, that is, their autonomy. They could even calmly, uh, trade with the USA and Europe. That is, then, well, in general, they were able to preserve themselves for a very long time, because they, uh, being a small people, uh, they gave the Russian soldiers a beating. This was it.

[01:36:39]And the Chukchi people finally became part of the empire only in the 1930s. They write to us on Instagram, I'll read it now.

[01:36:50]Thank you for your honest and truthful look at a crazy situation. Thank you for watching us.

[01:36:55]Thank you. Thank you.

[01:36:57]So, let's answer a few more questions and then we'll wrap it up, because our time counter tells us, uh, Mongol colonization, then the Turks adopted it. So so so what historical ones. So the fight started in the comments. UK, China. Yes, Great Britain, China, and the USA do the same. That doesn't mean we should, uh, pretend it's okay and say, well, everyone does it, because I recommend that if you haven't seen it, watch the movie Hidden Figures. The film Hidden Figures is a film about black women mathematicians at NASA and the contributions they made to the development of astronautics and space exploration. And there one of the heroines is black, uh, she comes to the library, can’t find a book for herself there, uh, she comes to a white library, she gets kicked out, and she steals this book and explains to her children that I pay taxes, so I can take the book. But if it was accepted, it doesn’t mean that it is right.

[01:38:19]Russian, especially in Siberia, writes sarcastically Natalia Zubkova. Yes.

[01:38:26]Well, you know, as a person, I’ve already talked about this, as a person who has traveled a lot across Russia and understands what it’s like for people there. Well, that is, well, you see, if we talk, let’s say, about the Japanese, well, the Japanese, we imagine what the Japanese look like. But if we ask what Russians look like, anyone will tell you.

[01:38:47]There the Buryats will tell you that they are Russian, there the Khakass will tell you that they are Russian, because it is scary. and got used to the fact that being a Khakass or a Buryat is not prestigious. And you can call anyone Russian. Captured means it's ours. Well, all these people will also face monstrous discrimination, because they will be called non-Russians even in their own region.

[01:39:10]Otherwise, everything is fine. Let me give you an example. We had this, well, our ethnographer at the university told us this, and there was this researcher of the Kumi Perm people, who, well, I can’t remember his name anymore. And so he asked Koma Permyak a question. Ah, are you a Komi Permian? He asks him. He says: "Well, I can't hide it, yes, the commander." That is, this feeling of shame, yes, for one’s, mm, for one’s origins - this is what, yes, this is what the empire imposed, right? That is, your resources are taken away, you are forcibly annexed, your relatives are put into amonadts and some are slaughtered, women are sold into slavery.

[01:39:57]But then you can read Pushkin without fail. Yes. Yes.

[01:40:03]Here. Well, we had quite a few bots today, huh? If they feel bad, it’s already good. Yes. Yes.

[01:40:11]You know, there are few bots, which means we are not doing a good job. Yes.

[01:40:15]We do not compare nations with each other, we only criticize the empire. But we all respect the peoples and care about their freedom. Yes. Yes.

[01:40:26]All. Ah, well, we'll finish our broadcast. Thank you very much to everyone who was with us on YouTube, everyone who was with us on Instagram. And Damir and I go out every Friday. If you tell us in the comments that it's too early for you, we can probably start later. Ah, no, we can’t, because No, we can’t.

[01:40:45]Oh, and we'd love it if you subscribe, like, and stay tuned. Have a good evening everyone. Bye bye.

[01:40:54]Oops.