Nutrition and autophagy

Añadido: 2026-05-31

[00:00:00]Um a global scientific too, and I would just uh wanted to listen and get a bit out of it. So, at the end of this webinar, we'll be able to get the definition of nutrition, autophagy, what causes autophagy, and um also we're going to cite um a particular illness or to use or a particular SCD non-communicable disease and it affects with auto autophagy. So, we'll be looking at um obesity as a case study in this conversation because nutrition and autophagy is a really a big a wide conversation that requires biochemistry and a lot of it.

[00:00:48]So, let's look at first of all, what is nutrition? Sometimes people want to know what is nutrition. So, nutrition is a study of nutrients and how the body uses them, how it interacts with the body, and and how it helps in management of diseases, dietary choice. And these nutrients are two types. We have the macronutrients and the micronutrients.

[00:01:12]Now, the macronutrient talks about the nutrients that are needed in the body in large quantity.

[00:01:20]While the micronutrient talks about the nutrient that are needed in the body in minute quantity. So, no matter the nutrient, whether the micro or the macro, all are essential for human beings. So, I would just like you to quickly share this live video.

[00:01:38]Let your friends be part of it. You can't be getting this knowledge alone.

[00:01:44]Let them know what is happening, and let them be part of it. So, today in our conversation, we'll be looking at some of um some of the researches that have been carried out around autophagy, around nutrition and autophagy, and what they were able to come out with. We'll compare it and we'll also look at what who should practice this, what dietary pattern can someone engage in to increase autophagy.

[00:02:17]Now, what is this autophagy?

[00:02:20]Autophagy is the body process of reusing old damaged cells.

[00:02:27]Autophagy is a body process of reusing old damaged cells. Cells that are the basic building blocks of Cells are normally the basic building block of every tissue and organ in the body. And each cell have a work that doing in human body.

[00:02:44]So, when you hear autophagy, it's just the body reusing the old and damaged cells. So, there are various definition about autophagy.

[00:02:55]Let's look at what some research studies have as their definitions. Okay, this one said, "Autophagy is your body's cellular recycling system."

[00:03:08]That is the definition. It allows the body to disable its junk parts and re-purpose in little bit.

[00:03:18]This is what this journal defined for us. Another journal said that autophagy have been shown to protect against development of sepsis and other illnesses. Let's find another definition of autophagy.

[00:03:34]Okay.

[00:03:36]Lots lots lots lots definition of autophagy by different different researchers and different different authors.

[00:03:47]Okay.

[00:03:51]So, while we look at the definitions of autophagy, another thing that is important we look at is diet changes that can boost autophagy.

[00:04:09]There are different diet changes that can boost autophagy and there are some that can slow down autophagy. And one of the things that can boost autophagy is KD, that is ketogenic diet. When the body moves to the ketone state, ketosis, that can boost autophagy. Intermittent fast fasting can also boost autophagy.

[00:04:31]This is based on different researches that have been carried out. Now, fasting is one of the most effective way to trigger autophagy in human body. Now, looking at ketosis, ketosis is defined as a high-fat diet, very low carbohydrate carbohydrate diet, and medium protein. Why is it defined like that? We have normal low carbohydrate diets, but in in the terms of um ketogenic diet, it's very very low carbohydrate diet, high-fat diet. But this high-fat diet is healthy fat, not anyhow fat. It's healthy fat diet, and you have moderate protein, okay? So, ketosis a diet ketogenic diet is a diet that is high in fat, low in carbs, and bring the same benefits of fasting.

[00:05:40]Like it's just like a short cut to induce autophagy. That is what ketogenic diet does. When you're in engaging in ketogenic diet, it helps to facilitate this autophagy in human body.

[00:05:59]It shifts the calorie source.

[00:06:04]The calorie source it begins to use it for from fat instead of glucose because you're consuming higher fat diet.

[00:06:15]Okay.

[00:06:16]So, in the case of this restriction during intermittent fasting, it also increases autophagy in human beings. Let's look at what this researcher have to say about autophagy. They say in response to this reaction, your body begin to produce ketones body and they may have protective effects.

[00:06:40]Corona in her words says that ketogenic diet can also cause starvation induced autophagy which have which has neuroprotective function in human organs. Now, the low glucose level occurs in both diets and is also linked to lower insulin especially for people who are diabetic.

[00:07:07]Okay.

[00:07:08]Now, let's look at this autophagy. Is it everybody that should engage in this autophagy exercise? It's not everybody.

[00:07:19]In as much as autophagy is a very good exercise that helps the human body, >> [snorts] >> there are some health conditions or some health status that should not do it. You will not give it to a little child and say, "I want you to go through this process." It's not allowed. Pregnant [snorts] women are not allowed to go through this process. There are some medication you someone may be taking. The person also does not need to go through processes or else the doctor advises him or her to go through this autophagy process. Then a woman that is breastfeeding is not also required to undergo autophagy process. And when there's critical illness, critical [snorts] diseases like heart diseases and the rest, you are not so advised to go through autophagy process.

[00:08:16]But sometimes people ask, why is autophagy very important?

[00:08:21]Why should I undergo through autophagy process?

[00:08:25]What is the health benefit to me?

[00:08:28]Remember in this section we're talking about nutrition autophagy and we are also going to be focusing on obesity. We picked up one non-communicable disease to talk about this afternoon.

[00:08:41]Autophagy have different different health benefit. It's very essential. But number one is that it helps recycle damaged cells.

[00:08:52]That is [snorts] number one thing known for autophagy. It recycles the damaged cells of the body and it makes it to come into proper functioning.

[00:09:04]After recycling the damaged cell, it functions properly. Then the second thing is that it also helps to get rid of some cells that maybe they're not functioning and at the same time they're not functioning, they're occupying space in the body and they're help they're making other cells which are functioning slow down in they are function.

[00:09:33]The different functions in the body. Third, autophagy helps to destroy pathogens in body cells.

[00:09:47]In the body cells are being benefit.

[00:09:51]Looking at the benefits, one of the major benefits of autophagy is that it helps you to look younger. When these old cells are being damaged through autophagy process, it helps you to look younger. That is one of the benefits we can take for anti-aging.

[00:10:12]Autophagy is the best step, but at the same time, as I listed earlier, in as much as they are very good, there are some health conditions on nutritional status also age that are not permitted to undergo autophagy. I've listed it a few minutes ago. So, this researcher, Byron Core, said, in nutritional education from Columbia University, said, "Points out that when the cells are stressed, autophagy is increased in order to protect us.

[00:10:46]And it helps to enhance the lifespan.

[00:10:49]This simply means that it helps in anti-aging.

[00:10:54]It helps a lot It helps in lifespan expansion. That is just the summary of everything.

[00:11:04]Then another researcher, who happens to be a dietitian, in her words said that, "In times of starvation, when the body is starved of food, it could be intermittent fasting, autophagy keeps the body going by breaking down cellular materials and reusing it for necessary processes." Let me explain this. This simply means that if you have not eaten for some time, I will explain the hour.

[00:11:32]Sometimes I'm talking about between the hours of 24 hours 36 hours and this autophagy begins to happen. For some people you can say, "Okay, ketosis have set in. Now, you're in this autophagy stage." Okay, what the body does is that it begins to break down the cellular materials and start reusing it for necessary functioning.

[00:11:57]That is why it's very, very essential that once in a while you allow your body to go through this autophagy stage.

[00:12:06]Or else you have some health issues that may not permit it or you are on some medication that may not be fit for the purpose. Okay.

[00:12:18]So, at this cellular level these are the benefits.

[00:12:24]Once that autophagy set in and the body is breaking down reusing old cells, what it does Another thing it does is that it remove toxins from the body.

[00:12:39]Remove Let me use in this researcher's word. She said, "It remove toxic protein from the cells that have attributed to neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease." That is what happens at the stage of autophagy. That is what the body experiences. Then it recycles residual protein in human during this stage. Another thing it does is that it prompts regeneration of healthy cells.

[00:13:13]The old ones are shortened down.

[00:13:15]The new ones start regenerating. That is why people who undergo autophagy, they can stay They will experience anti-aging because the old cells begins to die off.

[00:13:29]My name is Chine.

[00:13:32]Chine.

[00:13:35]Because the old cells begins to die off and the new ones begin to come up.

[00:13:41]And this autophagy state also helps in some illnesses, especially in terms of obesity. Don't worry, we'll be talking about the obesity and we'll look at studies that have been carried out where autophagy was applied to some patients and the outcome during this study.

[00:14:02]Because when when those old cells begins to die, some illness tied to that old cells begin to reduce its efficiency efficiently if um its efficiency um efficiency, sorry.

[00:14:19]They won't be effective again when the old cells begin to die. How would they feel if you lost a little, sorry.

[00:14:27]Okay?

[00:14:30]Now, let's also look at other studies.

[00:14:34]Now, looking at the biochemistry part of it, a particular study said what happens during autophagy. He said autophagy ATG, that's the autophagy related protein.

[00:14:49]They asked what happens during autophagy. Taking you through this part because we have a wide range of audience, it's more of a biochemical process.

[00:15:00]You know, the lysosome being part of it and all that.

[00:15:05]These are some of the things that happen to you. Let's not talk about it. Let's just move uh um what causes autophagy.

[00:15:14]Autophagy occurs when the body cells are deprived of nutrient.

[00:15:20]That's you fasting, not eating food for a number of hours.

[00:15:25]This is when it's set in.

[00:15:29]So, if you're eating eat morning, afternoon, and dinner, you may not have the you can't set up the process. But, once fasting fasting is the common activator of autophagy. Once fasting set in, then autophagy kicks off.

[00:15:46]Fasting is the major activator of autophagy in human. That's why when you talk about how can someone induce autophagy, the number one thing is fasting.

[00:15:58]That's stop you stop eating for a number of time, you deprive your body from nutrients, and it will now start the the old cells begins to damage and the new one begin to regenerate. That is fasting that can cause this. Number two is calorie restriction.

[00:16:18]Calorie restriction, this comes from if you're to eat 2,000 calories per day and you begin to eat 1,500 calorie calorie restriction, reducing your calorie intake. After a number of time, it can set up autophagy in such human being.

[00:16:37]Then, another thing that can make autophagy to switch in is if you begin to reduce your intake of carbohydrates, it can also help it to kick off.

[00:16:51]Then, exercise. Exercise helps autophagy to kick in perfectly in human being.

[00:17:01]And it's also dependent on the particular type of exercise. If you have the resistant type of exercise where you have to lift dumbbells and all that, you run for hours, this helps a lot in kicking up autophagy in human body.

[00:17:20]Okay?

[00:17:23]The common question people ask how long does it take for autophagy to I say between 24 to 36 hours in human being autophagy sets in.

[00:17:33]That is how it's being it's being activated. So, we'll be looking at obesity a non-communicable disease. Let's study the nutrition and what autophagy does in it and look at studies that have been carried out and what they were able to discover through these various study.

[00:17:58]Okay?

[00:18:01]One autophagy have also been shown in other illnesses like um acute kidney disease, sepsis, and a lot of them. They've discovered based on research that autophagy have been shown to protect against the development of sepsis.

[00:18:16]That is associated with acute kidney disease.

[00:18:21]That means autophagy plays a very huge role again in protecting against the development of sepsis. So, if someone is prone to having sepsis and engaging in autophagy, that's from intermittent fasting, calorie restriction, exercise to activate the process of autophagy, it helps to protect against the development of sepsis that are associated with a- acute kidney infection. This is based on research that's carried out in individual Now, we have the pharmacological autophagy inhibited in mice.

[00:19:08]Now, this one is a study where some mice were were being, you know, subjected to some treatment including autophagy process to know the outcome after some time.

[00:19:24]Okay.

[00:19:26]I may not read out this because of it's more on the academic part and most people watching this video are not really in the academic part so that it will be easier for people to understand the video and not [snorts] putting them through so many academic conversation. So, okay.

[00:19:49]But in their study, the summary of the study done with these mice, it was discovered that autophagy modulation proved promising for reducing acute lung injury in a model of sepsis.

[00:20:06]They carried out this research.

[00:20:12]They brought us some mice and at the end of the day after the research, they discovered that autophagy modulation in a model of cirrhosis.

[00:20:26]That means using autophagy in this particular illness already showed a proof for future investigation and for people that want to use it later in their studies. Okay.

[00:20:41]Autophagy activation has also implicated in lung protection by heme oxygenase hydrogen sulfide.

[00:20:52]We have autophagy activation attenuated acute lung injury and autophagy inhibition also showed the opposite effect.

[00:21:03]Now, likewise, protection from aspirin against lung fibrosis in the mice appeared mediated through autophagy activation.

[00:21:16]He's still trying to show us from the research carried out by this group of scientists using autophagy.

[00:21:25]They used it and the outcome of it shows that the autophagy activation really helps in lungs fibrosis.

[00:21:37]Show that this is a promising future for people who have who are prone to such illness or who already having such illness. This is what they can use to help reduce the um effects.

[00:21:52]Okay.

[00:21:53]Still in their research autophagy's regulation protects against liver injury that have been evoked by liver surgery associated with ischemic reperfusion.

[00:22:10]In their research they they also observed that this autophagy regulation also helps to protect liver injury. And this liver injury occurs as a result of um surgery carried out by the individuals.

[00:22:31]Then still on the same study activation of intestinal autophagy alleviated several bone induced gut damage with opposite effect. Okay, let me not take you round to so many journals and journals and work that have been done. But we are citing this for you to know that this autophagy have been carried out in different studies, in vitro study and and from the outcome, it can now say oh, individuals having this particular illness can undergo autophagy for effective healing.

[00:23:13]And these individuals having this health or nutritional status are not supposed to undergo autophagy.

[00:23:21]That is the beauty of research. That is the beauty of science. That That is beauty of what has an evidence base to it for people to know the right practice that can help them get the proposed results.

[00:23:35]Okay?

[00:23:37]Now, let's look at this early work.

[00:23:39]Early work done from most part of rodents demonstrated that the availability of nutrients and hormonal changes associated to food intake regulate autophagic activity in liver.

[00:23:54]Okay?

[00:24:00]For the purpose of this webinar, we'll be looking at obesity.

[00:24:04]That is the non-communicable disease that we picked up to pair with autophagy to know what can autophagy do to individuals who are obese.

[00:24:14]What is the essence? Is there any benefit? Will it help them Sorry.

[00:24:23]Will it help them reduce their weight?

[00:24:26]And will it help them, you know, to get self-confidence and to get a better nutritional studies.

[00:24:34]So, a study was carried out in 2010 by Ohset et al. And in that study, the first observation of changing in changes in autophagy in obese parents was reported.

[00:24:46]It was reported using what they call the TEM. The TEM is transmission electronic microscopy.

[00:24:54]And they observed an increased number of autophagosomes in adipocytes taken by obese patients that also have type 2 diabetes.

[00:25:07]Now, in parallel to this, okay, I don't want to take you through the whole biochemical reaction that happened, but their observation was that autophagy that was applied to this set of people that are obese, after the process, the ones that are obese that went through the autophagy process, they reduced their weight. There was a weight reduction in this individual. Not just weight reduction, but other illnesses they were having, they they started seeing an improvement because this study was taken for was done on patients who have obesity and at the same time type 2 diabetes using autophagy to know the effect of autophagy on individuals that have these non-communicable diseases. Remember, I earlier stated that some illnesses that may not encourage autophagy process, but for obesity, autophagy process can help with the obesity um people having obesity. It can help improve their nutritional status and their health status at all.

[00:26:28]Okay.

[00:26:30]So, that's is just what this study, what they observed from the study. Really not um everything that happened is just so much It's just so much.

[00:26:43]But they said in their conclusion, since autophagy may play a key role in preventing and alleviating obesity-related issue. Remember the people that carried out this research on they had obesity and they had type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have focused on how the autophagy process is altered during obesity.

[00:27:06]And how autophagic catabolism plays a role in preventing obesity related comorbidities.

[00:27:17]The comorbidity may be obesity with diabetes and all that. So, these people carried out their study and they observed that with autophagy there was improvement in the individual having obesity, obesity with type 2 diabetes. But presently the recent studies on autophagy now what they're looking at is how the the process is altered during obesity. That's just one beauty of the beauty of science and how people keep learning out of it.

[00:27:51]Okay.

[00:27:52]Let's see another study.

[00:27:57]Now, the way that I had to ask what are the nutrition intervention for autophagy modulation in people who are either obese or people that are overweight.

[00:28:09]What are the nutrition intervention? And the one of the nutrition intervention in this is the lifestyle. What is the lifestyle of the individual?

[00:28:19]And in lifestyle management exercise is there there should be continuous constant exercising of that individual.

[00:28:28]Calorie restriction is there. The dietary pattern is listed. The type of dietary pattern if it's low carbohydrates and high um a moderate fiber rest then that's good. Plant-based diet it will help.

[00:28:48]So, calorie restriction, even the person's stress level is also a point to con- to consider.

[00:28:57]Okay?

[00:29:03]So, in the different cal- calorie restricting in the different nutrition intervention stated for autophagy to occur in human beings is one, the calorie restrictions {slash} intermittent fasting. And intermittent fasting got different types.

[00:29:21]They have the short one, and they have the longer one, you know, depending on the one that is being approved by the for the individual by the caregiver, by the care um health provider, rather health provider.

[00:29:36]So, the calorie restriction now, according to a number of studies, it has been said that calorie restriction is an effective and at the same time a non-genetic, non-drug process, which involves maybe short time consumption of food, not just short time, but smaller consumption of food.

[00:30:03]And this calorie restriction helps to deepen the activity of autophagy in human beings. Calorie restriction, intermittent fasting is fits of autophagy in human beings. Remember, we're looking at nutrition intervention that can help autophagy. What are the nutrition intervention? One, we mentioned the lifestyle of the indi- indi- individual. But we talked about exercise, stress control, and dietary pattern. Now, the dietary pattern we're looking at some kind of meal we looked at calorie restriction, and intermittent fasting. These are some nutrition approaches or intervention that can help speed up autophagy in human being. So, aside the calorie restriction, another thing you look at is the kind of Mediterranean diet.

[00:31:01]Mediterranean diet is also is a is a cultural, you know, uh a traditional diet Mediterranean diet is another thing that helps to speed up autophagy in human being, Mediterranean [music] diet.

[00:31:17]Mediterranean diet is a diet that is rich plant-based diet, healthy fats, low carbs. This is what the diet is basically made up of.

[00:31:30]So, it helps to speed up autophagy in human being.

[00:31:35]Okay? Another thing is that the Mediterranean diet is also filled with whole grain. You take a lot of whole grain, you take legume, you know, fruits, vegetables. These are what Mediterranean diet is made up of and it speed up autophagy.

[00:31:51]Another point for the nutrition intervention you look at is what we call the ketogenic diet.

[00:31:58]The ketogenic diet is defined to have high fats, very low carbohydrate, and a moderate protein. So, it helps to speed up ketogenic it helps to speed up autophagy um step in human being. That is another thing you can consider if you want to engage in it, okay? So, um Mediterranean diet, okay?

[00:32:31]Let's look at a study that was carried out. A study was carried out in the study carried out by O'sullivan and co-worker and they evaluated the short time effect of dietary intervention using this same Mediterranean diet on individuals that have obesity. And this is what they discovered.

[00:32:53]And based on the Mediterranean diet applied, it was supplemented with almond on the main features for obesity related white adipose tissue.

[00:33:04]And the total of 38 obese women between the age of 18 to 68 years with their BMI being above 40 to 50 kg per meter squared were randomly assigned to a 3-month intervention.

[00:33:23]So, 19 women were assigned to this. Then we also have another group of women, 17 women, because they had 38 women who were obese they used for this study.

[00:33:34]28 women were maintaining their usual diet while 19 were assigned using this Mediterranean diet. That's obese women.

[00:33:46]So, at the end of the day they discovered that the expression of gene associated with autophagy, fatty acid increased significantly.

[00:34:03]Especially among the group of women that they gave um, the Mediterranean diet and observed this autophagy process linked to their health status, that the obesity that they were having, the 19 women. Now, we also have another diet pattern or dietary intervention that helps autophagy process, which is dietary polyphenol.

[00:34:33]This polyphenol, you can get it from the example, your curcumin. Your curcumin, you get it is an active ingredient in turmeric.

[00:34:41]Then, your fruits, your vegetables, grains, you know, these are even your wine, where you have your reserve resveratrol.

[00:34:54]Okay, these are where you can get some of these dietary polyphenol, and they're really, really essential, and they're really they're also rich in plant-based food and can help autophagy process.

[00:35:08]So, a lot of studies has been carried out in terms of um nutrition, autophagy, what it does to the body. A lot of studies has been carried out, especially when linked to obese patients.

[00:35:28]They use it a lot for obese patients because it has shown dietary fatty acid affects the autophagy in individuals that are obese.

[00:35:50]So, diet is one of the factors contributing to obesity. I know you say, "Ah, someone that been listening over a long time will say, 'A high-fat diet, we are encouraging us to go for ketogenic diet.

[00:36:03]Isn't it a high fat?'" Ketogenic diet on its own is a high-fat diet, but it's talking about healthy fats. But, when you are on a high-fat diet, observing ketogenic diet, you must also be based on the definition, you also have to be on a very low carbohydrates to complement the diet which you are observing.

[00:36:28]So, here they're saying that high-fat diet is common contribution to obesity and the involvement in autophagy in this process. So, studies also show that saturated fatty acid are more likely to promote obesity compared to mono or saturated unsaturated fatty acid and the PUFA, which is the polyunsaturated fatty acid, as the most common MUFA is in the daily diet of an individual. So, let's look at other studies related to this. So, based on autophagy and nutrient, most of the studies carried out by researchers that always linked to obesity because this is a non-communicable disease that they've observed over time that autophagy have helped people, you know, and they became healthier.

[00:37:31]So, let's look at what Camargo et al.

[00:37:34]said. They conducted an RCT. An RCT is a randomized controlled trial that involved 39 obese participants with metabolic syndrome.

[00:37:47]And they followed one of the four diets for 12 weeks.

[00:37:53]And one of the four diets they followed for 12 weeks, they include high saturated fatty acid. They have the high saturated mono unsaturated fatty acid.

[00:38:02]The two other followed high complex carbohydrate. They followed different patterns of diet for the 12 weeks. At the end of the day, it was still observed that if the individuals that followed the diets that have more nutrients, had more nutrients, they more fruits, vegetables, low carbohydrate, which speeds up the autophagy process in this individual, they have a better result than their counterpart, okay?

[00:38:35]Still in the nutrition intervention, we have diet modification.

[00:38:41]We have diet modification, and we've mentioned it in one of our conversation over. The diet modification involves could be calorie calorie restriction.

[00:38:55]The diet modification can also be, you know, eating foods that also help to speed up autophagy in individual, okay?

[00:39:17]So, at the end of the day, we've been able to discuss what is autophagy, how can you induce your body to in all these that happen current sometimes, and um how those studies focused on obesity benefit of autophagy. We mentioned that autophagy helps in anti-aging because during the process of autophagy, the old cells begin to die.

[00:39:44]And one the once they die, the new ones will regenerate. So, the process of autophagy can help to heal some illnesses. We also want I had to mention some diseases like sepsis that is caused by um sepsis linked to acute um kidney infection, and how autophagy helps to protect protect it from getting worse. This simply means autophagy should not like only for the anti-aging processes, but autophagy should be applied for a healthier body, especially in areas where you notice that growth of cells, you know, maybe someone is ill and it's as a result of some old cells that have been damaged that still in the body causing toxin. The person can use the autophagy process to have these cells regenerate and helps to reduce the the effect of such illnesses.

[00:40:56]So, if you're joining now, you can just listen to the webinar from the beginning to understand the importance of autophagy, the definition of autophagy, and importantly, who should undergo autophagy and who should not undergo autophagy. We mentioned that for a woman that is breastfeeding should not undergo autophagy process. And um we also mentioned that a child should not take such places.

[00:41:28]Um undergo autophagy process. A breastfeeding mother, a pregnant woman should not undergo autophagy. So, there are some individuals that this is not meant for.

[00:41:40]And there are some individuals that can engage in it.

[00:41:45]And it will help improve their health status. If you have any question, please don't hesitate to ask. And we've also talked about the different nutrition intervention that can help speed up autophagy process and also lifestyle where we encourage exercise, reducing your stress level, and um some healthy dietary pattern that can help improve autophagy process.

[00:42:13]I will mention that the first and the fastest means of getting your body into this autophagic stage is fasting, which kicks off within the 24 to 36 hours. The body moves into the autophagic stage.

[00:42:28]And the that is why you hear about intermittent fasting now. Intermittent fasting, calorie restriction, this helps to move the body into autophagic state.

[00:42:38]But before you engage in such fast, long fast, you need to get to your health provider, check your health status to know if it permits for such process. So, some people say that autophagy serves as um you know, detoxification.

[00:42:57]Yes, I agree with that school of thought that autophagy helps detoxification because it helps to, you know, the old damaged cells, you know, gets down and there's a kind of regeneration of new cells, healthier cells, removing free radicals, um what do you call removing some toxins from the body. So, I agree with that school of thought that autophagy really helps in renewal of body cells, better functioning of human body, and healthier um and improved nutritional status of human body. Please share this with your friend, listen from beginning so that you can get to know the nutritional intervention and also studies that have been carried out by different researchers applying autophagy on individuals who are obese, and also the healthy outcome, including studies that have been carried out for acute kidney infection linked to sepsis, and applying autophagy and how it improved the human self.

[00:44:06]Thank you so much for watching to this point and I'm glad you are part of this.

[00:44:11]Please to enjoy the rest of your days and rest of the day.

[00:44:16]And remember to join us to next week by this same time, 12:00 p.m. GMT to 1:00 p.m. GMT. Do enjoy the rest of the day. Bye.